Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians (English → Malay)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the whole book of 1 Thessalonians (chapters 1-5). Terms already present in the Romans baseline (translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json) are marked (baseline reuse) and MUST use the identical recorded Malay rendering; their risk tier and rationale are copied forward unchanged. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked (new) and are candidates for addition to translation memory at the next version increment.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the shared risk_definitions in
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Review routing: Human theologian / Native speaker / Automated, per the same framework.
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Malay rendering | Status | Risk | Primary passages | Doctrine | Key rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | Injil | baseline reuse | High | 1:5; 2:2,4,8,9; 3:2 | Gospel | Injil = established Alkitab term; distinguish from tahrif-contested “Injil as book” reading. |
| 2 | Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία (eucharistia) | Kesyukuran | baseline reuse | Low | 1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18 | Thanksgiving | Genuine point of resonance; low risk. |
| 3 | Election / chosen | ἐκλογή (eklogē) | Pilihan Allah | baseline reuse | High | 1:4 | Effectual Calling | Avoid takdir-style fatalism; personal, purposive divine choice. |
| 4 | Faith | πίστις (pistis) | Iman | baseline reuse | High | 1:3,8; 3:2,5,6,7,10; 5:8 | Faith | Object of faith (Christ) must always be explicit, distinct from Islamic iman’s pillars. |
| 5 | Love (agapē) | ἀγάπη (agapē) | Kasih | new | Medium | 1:3; 3:6,12; 5:8,13 | Sanctification / Christian Fellowship | Shares root with baseline “Kasih kurnia” (grace); context must disambiguate from romantic affection or the specific unmerited-favor sense. |
| 6 | Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | Pengharapan | new | High | 1:3; 4:13; 5:8 | Hope in Grief | Everyday Malay “harap” reads as uncertain wishing; Islamic rajā’/khawf tension leaves final standing unresolved until Judgment. Biblical hope here is confident, grounded in an accomplished event (Christ’s resurrection). Central to the “Hope in Grief” doctrine. |
| 7 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | Roh Kudus | baseline reuse | Critical | 1:5,6; 4:8; 5:19 | Holy Spirit | Never equate with Jibril or roh halus; personal, divine third Person. |
| 8 | Son of God | υἱὸς αὐτοῦ (huios autou, “his Son”) | Anak Allah | baseline reuse | Critical | 1:10 | Sonship of Christ | Full phrase required; never softened; ties directly to Parousia doctrine (“his Son from heaven”). |
| 9 | Idols | εἴδωλα (eidōla) | Berhala | new | Low | 1:9 | — | Well-understood, doctrinally uncontroversial; resonance with Islamic anti-idolatry stance. |
| 10 | God (living and true) | θεὸς ζῶν καὶ ἀληθινός (theos zōn kai alēthinos) | Allah yang hidup dan benar | baseline reuse (Allah) + new descriptor | Critical | 1:9 | Deity of Christ / God | Reuses Critical baseline “Allah”; descriptor affirms personal, living deity vs. idols. |
| 11 | Wrath (of God) | ὀργή (orgē) | Murka Allah | new | High | 1:10; 2:16; 5:9 | The Day of the Lord | Eschatological judgment; must be personal righteous judgment, not impersonal cosmic force (echoes baseline “power_of_god” caution) nor conflated uncritically with 2:16’s historically sensitive referent. |
| 12 | Word of God (revealed teaching) | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (logos tou theou) | Firman Allah | new | Medium | 2:13 | Inspiration of Scripture | Distinct from Injil (proclaimed gospel); mild resonance risk with Qur’anic “Kalimatullah” title for Isa — not equivalent. |
| 13 | Word of the Lord (authoritative revelation) | λόγος κυρίου (logos kyriou) | Firman Tuhan | new | Medium | 4:15 | Inspiration of Scripture | Reuses Critical “Tuhan”; specific to Paul’s claimed direct revelation for the Parousia teaching. |
| 14 | Church (of God) | ἐκκλησία (θεοῦ) (ekklēsia theou) | Gereja (Allah) | baseline reuse | Medium | 1:1; 2:14 | Church as God’s People | Distinct from jemaah (generic/mosque assembly) and masjid. |
| 15 | Saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | Orang kudus | baseline reuse | High | 3:13; 2:19 (implied “his saints”) | Sainthood | Corporate designation for all believers, not a Sufi wali/keramat-venerated elite. |
| 16 | Satan / the tempter | Σατανᾶς / ὁ πειράζων (Satanas / ho peirazōn) | Iblis / Syaitan | new | Medium-High | 2:18; 3:5 | — | Existing Arabic-Islamic loanwords; positive resonance as real personal adversary, but avoid importing the specific Qur’anic Iblis-and-Adam narrative as doctrinal background. |
| 17 | Crown of rejoicing | στέφανος καυχήσεως (stephanos kauchēseōs) | Mahkota kesukaan | new | Low | 2:19 | The Return of Christ | Reward-imagery tied to the Parousia; low collision risk. |
| 18 | Parousia / Coming (of the Lord/Christ) | παρουσία (parousia) | Kedatangan (Tuhan) / Kedatangan Semula Kristus | new | Critical | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23 | The Return of Christ | Directly parallels mainstream Sunni “nuzul Isa” doctrine (Isa’s future descent, subordinate role, natural death, burial in Medina). Every occurrence requires explicit distinguishing teaching content. Highest-priority doctrinal flag alongside “caught up” below. |
| 19 | Affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | Kesusahan / penderitaan | new | Medium | 1:6; 3:3,7 | — | Appointed, expected part of gospel life; avoid a fatalistic (takdir-adjacent) misreading. |
| 20 | Blameless | ἄμεμπτος (amemptos) | Tidak bercacat | new | Low | 3:13; 5:23 | Sanctification | Straightforward ethical-standing term. |
| 21 | Holiness / Sanctification | ἁγιωσύνη / ἁγιασμός (hagiōsynē / hagiasmos) | Kudus / Pengudusan | baseline reuse | High | 3:13; 4:3,4,7; 5:23 | Sanctification | The Spirit’s ongoing moral-relational work; distinct from ritual purification (penyucian) or keramat-linked practice. |
| 22 | Sexual immorality | πορνεία (porneia) | Percabulan | new | High | 4:3 | Sanctification | NEVER render as “zina” — an operative Syariah criminal-law category in Malaysia with defined legal procedure; would import an active parallel legal system, paralleling the baseline’s Hukum Taurat/Syariah caution. |
| 23 | Vessel (body or wife) | σκεῦος (skeuos) | Tubuhnya / isterinya | new | High | 4:4 | Sanctification | Genuine exegetical ambiguity between two readings with real ethical-teaching consequences; requires theologian determination before consistent use. |
| 24 | Lust / passion of desire | πάθος ἐπιθυμίας (pathos epithymias) | Hawa nafsu | new | Medium | 4:5 | Sanctification | Existing Islamic-ethical term (control of base desire); positive resonance, not primarily a collision risk. |
| 25 | Uncleanness | ἀκαθαρσία (akatharsia) | Kenajisan | new | Medium-High | 4:7 | Sanctification | ”Najis” carries Islamic ritual-purity/fiqh connotations (specific impure substances, defined purification procedures); Paul’s sense here is moral, not ceremonial. |
| 26 | Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | Kasih persaudaraan | new | Medium | 4:9 | Christian Fellowship | Positive resonance with, but risk of conflation into, the Islamic ukhuwah (brotherhood) concept; must remain Christ-specific, paralleling baseline’s caution on “persaudaraan” under “fellowship.” |
| 27 | Called / calling | καλέω / κλῆσις (kaleō / klēsis) | Dipanggil / Panggilan | baseline reuse | High | 2:12; 4:7; 5:24 | Divine Calling | Sovereign summons, not takdir-style fate nor an optional social invitation. |
| 28 | Gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | Bangsa bukan Yahudi | baseline reuse | Medium | 4:5 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Ethnically neutral; never “kafir.” |
| 29 | Sleep (euphemism for death of believers) | κοιμάω (koimaō) | Tidur / meninggal (tertidur dalam Tuhan) | new | High | 4:13,14,15; 5:10 (distinct verb, see #31) | Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers | Must not be read through the lens of Islamic barzakh grave-trial doctrine; conveys temporary rest awaiting bodily reunion, not an intervening ordeal. |
| 30 | Resurrection (of Christ; of believers) | ἀνίστημι / ἀνάστασις (anistēmi / anastasis) | Kebangkitan | baseline reuse | Critical | 4:14,16 | Resurrection of Believers / Resurrection of Christ | Requires real, prior death (Qur’an 4:157 tension); believers’ future resurrection is patterned directly on Christ’s own historical resurrection. |
| 31 | Wake or sleep (alive or dead at the Parousia, distinct verb from #29) | γρηγορέω / καθεύδω (grēgoreō / katheudō) | Jaga / tidur | new | Medium | 5:10 | The Return of Christ | Distinct Greek verb from koimaō (#29); teaching material must not collapse the two into one technical term. |
| 32 | Caught up (rapture) | ἁρπάζω (harpazō) | Diangkat | new | CRITICAL — highest priority in book | 4:17 | The Return of Christ / Resurrection of Believers | Surface-level collision with the baseline’s forbidden “diangkat naik ke syurga” (rejected no-death-ascension phrase for Qur’an 4:157’s Isa). Must be taught as: (1) concerning ordinary living believers, not Christ himself; (2) occurring only after the prior bodily resurrection of the dead in Christ; (3) never cited as paralleling or supporting the Qur’anic no-death-ascension reading. Requires human theologian review at every occurrence without exception. |
| 33 | Meet the Lord (technical civic welcome) | ἀπάντησις (apantēsis) | Menyongsong Tuhan | new | Medium-High | 4:17 | The Return of Christ | Technical Hellenistic term for a delegation going out to escort home an arriving dignitary; avoid a flat “bertemu” (chance encounter) rendering that loses the ceremonial-reception sense. |
| 34 | Archangel | ἀρχάγγελος (archangelos) | Penghulu malaikat | new | Medium | 4:16 | The Return of Christ | Must not be identified with any specific named Islamic archangel (Jibril, Mikail, Israfil, Izrail); text does not name which archangel. |
| 35 | Trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ θεοῦ (salpinx theou) | Sangkakala Allah | new | High | 4:16 | The Return of Christ / The Day of the Lord | ”Sangkakala” is a well-established Malay-Islamic eschatological term (angel Israfil’s trumpet); genuine resonance but requires explicit distinction from that narrative’s sequence and agent. |
| 36 | Lord (exclusive, supreme) | κύριος (kyrios) | Tuhan | baseline reuse | Critical | throughout (1:1,3,8; 2:15,19; 3:11,12,13; 4:1,2,6,15,16,17; 5:2,9,12,23,27,28) | Lordship of Christ | Exclusive divine Lordship; never “tuan” (human master). |
| 37 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Yesus | baseline reuse | Critical | throughout | Lordship of Christ | Never “Isa” (Qur’anic name); established Alkitab convention. |
| 38 | Christ / Messiah | Χριστός (Christos) | Kristus | baseline reuse | Critical | throughout | Messianic Promise | Never “Al-Masih”; established Alkitab convention. |
| 39 | God | θεός (theos) | Allah | baseline reuse | Critical | throughout | God | Legally and politically the most sensitive term in Malaysia; established Alkitab and Sabah/Sarawak Christian usage. |
| 40 | Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Bapa | baseline reuse | Critical | 1:1,3; 3:11,13 | Adoption into God’s Family | Teach relational/adoptive sense directly, not literal offspring (tawhid concern). |
| 41 | Exhort / comfort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | Menasihati / Hiburkan | baseline reuse + contextual nuance | Medium | 2:11,12; 3:2,7; 4:1,10,18; 5:11,14 | Mutual Edification / Hope in Grief | Context-sensitive between entreaty, encouragement, and consolation senses; 4:18’s consolation sense should favor “hiburkan” alongside baseline “menasihati.” |
| 42 | The Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου (hēmera kyriou) | Hari Tuhan | new | Critical | 5:2 | The Day of the Lord | Must be kept distinct from the extensively taught Islamic “Hari Kiamat” (Day of Resurrection/Judgment) framework, including its distinct signs-sequence (Dajjal, Ya’juj-Ma’juj, Israfil’s trumpet, deeds-weighing, the Sirat). Reuses Critical “Tuhan.” Route to human theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 43 | Thief in the night | κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί (kleptēs en nykti) | Pencuri pada waktu malam | new | Low-Medium | 5:2,4 | The Day of the Lord | Vivid idiom for suddenness; translates naturally, low collision risk. |
| 44 | Sudden destruction | αἰφνίδιος ὄλεθρος (aiphnidios olethros) | Kebinasaan yang tiba-tiba | new | Medium | 5:3 | The Day of the Lord | Straightforward eschatological-judgment imagery. |
| 45 | Labor pains | ὠδίν (ōdin) | Sakit bersalin | new | Low-Medium | 5:3 | The Day of the Lord | Natural-world imagery for suddenness/inescapability. |
| 46 | Sons of light / sons of the day | υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ ἡμέρας (huioi phōtos / huioi hēmeras) | Anak-anak cahaya / anak-anak siang | new | Medium | 5:5 | The Day of the Lord | Uses “cahaya” rather than “nur” to avoid Nur Muhammad pre-existence associations flagged in baseline “glory” entry; still requires moral-relational (not illumination-claim) framing. |
| 47 | Sober / watchful | νήφω (nēphō) | Berjaga-jaga dan menahan diri | new | Low-Medium | 5:6,8 | Sanctification / The Day of the Lord | Ethical-vigilance metaphor. |
| 48 | Armor: breastplate/helmet of faith, love, hope of salvation | θώραξ / περικεφαλαία (thōrax / perikephalaia) | Perisai dada iman dan kasih; ketopong pengharapan keselamatan | new | Medium (component terms inherit High/Critical) | 5:8 | Hope in Grief / Salvation | Composite of Iman, Kasih, Pengharapan, and baseline Keselamatan; mild positive resonance with jihad an-nafs imagery, not equivalent in content. |
| 49 | Salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | Keselamatan | baseline reuse | Critical | 5:8,9 | Salvation | Present, secured deliverance through Christ, not a deferred, undetermined outcome; avoid diluting into everyday “selamat” well-wishing. |
| 50 | Died for us (substitutionary) | ἀποθανόντος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν (apothanontos hyper hēmōn) | Mati untuk kita / mati ganti kita | new | High | 5:10 | The Day of the Lord / Salvation | Substitutionary/representative force must be retained, not flattened to a bare historical statement; flag for consistency with future atonement-specific curricula. |
| 51 | Quench the Spirit | πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε (pneuma mē sbennyte) | Jangan padamkan Roh Kudus | new | Medium | 5:19 | Sanctification | Reuses Critical Roh Kudus; must preserve the Spirit’s personal (not impersonal-flame/force) identity, echoing baseline’s roh halus caution. |
| 52 | Prophecy | προφητεία (prophēteia) | Nubuat | baseline reuse | Medium | 5:20 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Distinct from ramalan (fortune-telling). |
| 53 | Test all things | πάντα δοκιμάζετε (panta dokimazete) | Ujilah segala sesuatu | new | Low | 5:21 | — | Discernment exhortation; low doctrinal risk. |
| 54 | Peace (God of peace) | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | Damai sejahtera | baseline reuse | Medium | 5:23 | Peace with God | Relational, covenantal peace, not mere psychological calm. |
| 55 | Spirit, soul, and body (tripartite anthropology) | πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα (pneuma, psychē, sōma) | Roh, jiwa, dan tubuh | new | High | 5:23 | Sanctification / The Return of Christ | Malay “roh” shares its root with Roh Kudus (Critical); must clearly distinguish the human spirit being sanctified/preserved from the divine Holy Spirit who sanctifies/preserves it. Also touches Islamic ruh/nafs anthropological categories without being equivalent to them. |
| 56 | Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον (philēma hagion) | Cium yang kudus | baseline reuse (Kudus) + cultural note | High | 5:26 | Christian Fellowship | Reuses Critical/High Kudus; literal kiss-greeting is not customary in most contemporary Malaysian contexts — teaching should clarify the underlying warm-fellowship reality may be expressed through equivalent local greeting customs. |
Risk Tier Summary for 1 Thessalonians
| Risk Tier | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | Parousia/Kedatangan, Diangkat (caught up), Hari Tuhan, Kebangkitan, Tuhan, Yesus, Kristus, Allah, Bapa, Roh Kudus, Keselamatan |
| High | 14 | Pengharapan, Murka Allah, Injil, Pilihan Allah, Iman, Orang kudus, Kudus/Pengudusan, Percabulan, Tubuhnya/isterinya, Tidur (sleep-as-death), Sangkakala Allah, Roh-jiwa-tubuh, Mati untuk kita, Dipanggil/Panggilan |
| Medium | 20 | Kasih, Firman Allah, Firman Tuhan, Gereja, Iblis/Syaitan, Kesusahan, Kenajisan, Kasih persaudaraan, Bangsa bukan Yahudi, Jaga/tidur (distinct verb), Menyongsong Tuhan, Penghulu malaikat, Menasihati/Hiburkan, Kebinasaan tiba-tiba, Anak-anak cahaya, Perisai dada/ketopong, Jangan padamkan Roh Kudus, Nubuat, Damai sejahtera, Hawa nafsu |
| Low | 11 | Kesyukuran, Berhala, Peniru, Mahkota kesukaan, Tidak bercacat, Sakit bersalin, Berjaga-jaga, Pencuri pada waktu malam, Ujilah segala sesuatu, Diajar oleh Allah, jerih payah/cara hidup group |
Total distinct load-bearing terms catalogued for 1 Thessalonians: 56 (24 baseline reuses carried forward unchanged; 32 new terms proposed for translation memory version increment).
All Critical and High risk new terms above are recommended for human theologian review routing; Medium risk new terms for native speaker review; Low risk new terms for automated review, consistent with the routing framework established in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Critical Risk Terms
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Kebangkitan
Transliteration: keh-bahng-KIT-ahn
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: diangkat naik ke syurga (being raised up to heaven, without dying)
Original: ἀνίστημι / ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians 4:14, 4:16, believers’ future bodily resurrection is patterned directly on, and grounded in, Christ’s own real, historical death-then-resurrection — directly contested by Qur’an 4:157. This causal/typological link must be taught explicitly, not assumed to transfer automatically from the noun alone.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: TOO-hahn
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: tuan (master/sir, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout (1:1,3,8; 2:15,19; 3:11-13; 4:1-2,6,15-17; 5:2,9,12,23,27-28); the emphatic ‘himself’ (autos) in 4:16 (‘the Lord himself shall descend’) must be retained to preserve the personal, bodily nature of the Parousia.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Anak Allah
Transliteration: AH-nahk ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: kekasih Allah (God’s beloved one), wakil Allah (God’s representative)
Original: υἱὸς αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1:10: ‘to wait for his Son from heaven’ ties Anak Allah directly to the Return of Christ doctrine; full phrase required, never softened.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: KRIS-toos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Al-Masih (the Qur’anic title, deliberately avoided)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout in ‘Yesus Kristus’ and ‘Tuhan Yesus Kristus’; never Al-Masih, per established Alkitab convention.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: YEH-soos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isa (the Qur’anic name, deliberately avoided)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout; never Isa, per established Alkitab convention.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: Tuhan (reserved for ‘Lord’ in this Language Package)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Malaysia’s most legally and politically sensitive term; used throughout, including in the letter’s descriptive title ‘the living and true God’ (1:9).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: ROHKH KOO-doos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Jibril (the archangel Gabriel), roh halus (a generic nature/subtle spirit in traditional Malay animist belief)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Active in conversion (1:5-6), sanctification (4:8), and capable of being quenched (5:19, ‘jangan padamkan Roh Kudus’). Must never be equated with an impersonal flame, force, or folk-animist spirit.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: BAH-pah
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Pencipta (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed in the letter’s opening and closing prayers (1:1,3; 3:11,13); teach the relational sense directly, never implying literal offspring.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Keselamatan
Transliteration: keh-seh-lah-MAH-tahn
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation, Not Wrath
Rejected alternatives: masuk syurga (entering paradise, as the whole content)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 5:8-9: ‘the hope of salvation… God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation’ — present, secured deliverance through Christ, not a deferred, undetermined outcome; must not be diluted into everyday ‘selamat’ well-wishing.
Parousia
Approved rendering: Kedatangan (Tuhan) / Kedatangan Semula Kristus
Transliteration: keh-dah-TAHNG-ahn (TOO-hahn) / keh-dah-TAHNG-ahn seh-MOO-lah KRIS-toos
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nuzul Isa vocabulary or framing, bare ‘kedatangan’ without the qualifying phrase (loses the technical, singular, world-historical weight)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
New Critical term, the single most religiously and legally sensitive new doctrinal term in this curriculum. Directly parallels the mainstream Sunni doctrine of nuzul Isa (Isa’s future descent, subordinate to Islamic authority, defeat of al-Dajjal, natural death, burial in Medina), standard formally taught content in Malaysian Islamic religious education. Occurs at 1:10 (implied, ‘his Son from heaven’), 2:19, 3:13, 4:15-17, 5:23. Every occurrence requires accompanying teaching distinguishing Christ’s supreme, exclusive, divine Lordship from nuzul Isa. Use the qualified phrase, never bare ‘kedatangan.‘
Caught Up
Approved rendering: Diangkat
Transliteration: dee-AHNG-kaht
Doctrine: Rapture and Gathering of Believers
Rejected alternatives: diangkat naik ke syurga (the Romans baseline’s forbidden phrase describing the Qur’an 4:157 no-death-ascension reading of Jesus’ own departure)
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Eschatology
New CRITICAL term — the single highest-priority flag in the entire book. 4:17: living believers’ forcible, sudden, divinely-initiated snatching-up to meet the returning Lord, joining the just-resurrected dead in Christ. Surface-level collision with the baseline’s forbidden phrase is unavoidable at the word level; every occurrence must be taught as: (1) concerning ordinary living believers, never Christ himself; (2) occurring only after the prior bodily resurrection of the dead in Christ (4:16); (3) never cited, quoted, or paraphrased as paralleling or supporting the Qur’anic no-death-ascension claim about Jesus. Requires human theologian review without exception at every occurrence.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Hari Tuhan
Transliteration: HAH-ree TOO-hahn
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Hari Kiamat vocabulary or blended framing (the extensively taught Islamic Day of Resurrection/Judgment, with its own signs-sequence: al-Dajjal, Ya’juj and Ma’juj, Israfil’s trumpet, the weighing of deeds, the Sirat bridge)
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
New Critical term. 5:2: ‘the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night’. Must be kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from Hari Kiamat; mandatory theologian-reviewed distinguishing note required at every occurrence, given the extensive formally-taught competing sequence Malaysian readers already possess.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: IN-jeel
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: berita baik (generic ‘good news’, without the proclamation weight)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians this denotes Paul’s own lived, powerful apostolic proclamation (1:5; 2:2,4,8-9; 3:2), received ‘in power, and in the Holy Spirit’ — teach as living apostolic testimony and reception, not a bare reference to a book subject to tahrif (corruption) claims.
Grace
Approved rendering: Kasih kurnia
Transliteration: KAH-sih KOOR-nee-ah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmat (mercy, an Arabic-loan term operating within a deeds-and-mercy Islamic judgment framework)
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the letter’s opening and closing salutation formula, ‘grace and peace’ (Kasih kurnia dan damai sejahtera), 1:1 and 5:28.
Faith
Approved rendering: Iman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith, Love, and Hope Triad
Rejected alternatives: kepercayaan (generic belief/trust)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith (Christ specifically) must remain explicit; part of the letter’s recurring faith-love-hope triad (1:3; 5:8) and the subject of Timothy’s pastoral concern (ch. 3).
Apostle
Approved rendering: Rasul
Transliteration: RAH-sool
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Integrity
Rejected alternatives: utusan (a lower-weight, purely secular ‘envoy/messenger’)
Inherited from Romans package. Used of Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy’s ministry (2:6-7); every use requires teaching that a New Testament apostle is a Spirit-authorized eyewitness/commissioned minister of Christ, not a scripture-bearing prophet in the Islamic sense.
Called
Approved rendering: Dipanggil
Transliteration: dee-PAHNG-gil
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: dijemput (invited, as to a social event)
Original: καλέω
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians: 2:12 (called to walk worthy), 4:7 (called to holiness, not uncleanness), 5:24 (God who calls is faithful). Sovereign-summons weight must be retained at every occurrence.
Calling
Approved rendering: Panggilan
Transliteration: pahng-GIL-ahn
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: jemputan
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the ongoing state/act of God’s sovereign summons, underlying 2:12 and 4:7.
Holy
Approved rendering: Kudus
Transliteration: KOO-doos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: suci (ritually/physically clean)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Roh Kudus, Orang kudus, Pengudusan, and ‘cium yang kudus’ (holy kiss, 5:26) throughout this letter.
Saints
Approved rendering: Orang kudus
Transliteration: OH-rahng KOO-doos
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali (Sufi saints venerated at keramat sites in traditional Malay Islam)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Corporate designation for all believers gathered with Christ at his coming (3:13; implied in 2:19), not a Sufi wali/keramat-venerated elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Pengudusan
Transliteration: peng-goo-DOO-sahn
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: penyucian (ritual purification)
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. This letter’s most explicit definitional statement: ‘this is the will of God, even your sanctification’ (4:3); also frames 3:13 and 5:23’s eschatological horizon.
Election
Approved rendering: Pilihan Allah
Transliteration: pee-LEE-hahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: takdir (fate/predetermined decree)
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:4: grounds assurance of the Thessalonians’ salvation in God’s prior, personal, purposive choice, not takdir-style impersonal fate.
Hope
Approved rendering: Pengharapan
Transliteration: peng-hah-RAH-pahn
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: harap/harapan tanpa penjelasan (bare hope, reads as ordinary uncertain wishing)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
New High-risk term, central to the core passage. Everyday Malay ‘harap’ conveys uncertain wishing; Islamic devotional vocabulary holds hope in tension with fear (rajā’/khawf) since final standing is unresolved until Judgment Day. Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence (1:3; 4:13; 5:8) must carry an explicit certainty-qualifier such as ‘pengharapan yang pasti’ or ‘pengharapan yang berdasarkan kebangkitan Kristus’ — never left as a bare, unqualified noun in the core passage.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: Murka Allah
Transliteration: MOOR-kah ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Wrath of God
Rejected alternatives: kemarahan Allah (weaker, everyday-anger register), murka (bare, without ‘Allah’ — reads as impersonal cosmic force)
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
New term. God’s coming eschatological judgment (1:10; 2:16; 5:9), from which believers are delivered. Must always be grammatically anchored to Allah as personal agent, never a bare impersonal noun; 2:16’s historically sensitive referent requires additional pastoral care (see historical_sensitivity_of_2_14_16 doctrine).
Satan
Approved rendering: Iblis / Syaitan
Transliteration: ee-BLEES / SIGH-tahn
Doctrine: Satan and Spiritual Opposition
Original: Σατανᾶς / ὁ πειράζων
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term. 2:18 (‘Satan hindered us’), 3:5 (‘the tempter’). Pre-existing Arabic-Islamic loanwords; Iblis carries the specific Qur’anic narrative of the jinn who refused to prostrate before Adam, a distinct origin account from the biblical fallen-angel tradition. Genuine positive resonance exists (a real personal adversary), but the Qur’anic Iblis-Adam narrative must not be imported as doctrinal background for Paul’s narrower point about hindered gospel ministry and testing under affliction.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: Percabulan
Transliteration: per-chah-BOO-lahn
Doctrine: Sexual Purity and Bodily Holiness
Rejected alternatives: zina (an operative Syariah criminal-law category in Malaysia, with defined evidentiary and punitive procedure under state Islamic administration enactments)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
New High-risk term. 4:3: ‘abstain from sexual immorality’. NEVER render as zina, for the same reason the baseline forbids conflating Hukum Taurat with Syariah — this would import an active parallel legal-religious system into Paul’s ethical exhortation.
Vessel
Approved rendering: Tubuhnya / isterinya
Transliteration: TOO-boo-nyah / ees-TREE-nyah
Doctrine: Sexual Purity and Bodily Holiness
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
New term. 4:4: ‘to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor’. Genuine exegetical ambiguity between one’s own body and one’s wife, with real ethical-teaching consequences. DECISION DEFERRED — requires human theologian ruling before any consistent Malay rendering is fixed; individual translators must not silently choose per occurrence.
Uncleanness
Approved rendering: Kenajisan
Transliteration: keh-NAH-jee-sahn
Doctrine: Sexual Purity and Bodily Holiness
Rejected alternatives: najis bare (a fiqh ritual-impurity category naming specific ritually impure substances and prescribed purification steps)
Original: ἀκαθαρσία
Category: Sanctification
New term. 4:7: ‘God has not called us to uncleanness, but in holiness’. Requires a first-use teaching gloss distinguishing this moral-ethical sense from najis’s ritual-ceremonial sense, paralleling the baseline’s existing suci/kudus caution.
Sleep Death Euphemism
Approved rendering: Tidur / meninggal (tertidur dalam Tuhan)
Transliteration: TEE-door / meh-NEENG-gahl (ter-TEE-door dah-lahm TOO-hahn)
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: tidur bare, without a resurrection-hope qualifier
Original: κοιμάω
Category: Eschatology
New High-risk term, central to the core passage (4:13,14,15; cf. 5:10’s distinct verb). Paul’s deliberate euphemism frames believers’ death as temporary rest awaiting bodily reunion, not annihilation or an uncertain intermediate state. Must not be read through the lens of the Islamic barzakh doctrine (formally taught grave-questioning by Munkar and Nakir). Always pair with a qualifier such as ‘dalam Tuhan’ or ‘menantikan kebangkitan’; never leave bare and unqualified.
Meet The Lord
Approved rendering: Menyongsong Tuhan
Transliteration: meh-nyohng-SOHNG TOO-hahn
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bertemu (flat ‘chance encounter’ rendering, loses the ceremonial civic-welcome sense)
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
New term. 4:17: apantēsis is a semi-technical Hellenistic civic term for a delegation going out to formally welcome and escort back a visiting dignitary. ‘Menyongsong’ captures this reception sense; teaching material should unpack the civic background so this is not misread as a one-way departure from the world.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: Sangkakala Allah
Transliteration: sahng-kah-KAH-lah ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: σάλπιγξ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term. 4:16: marks the decisive, public nature of Christ’s descent and the resurrection that follows. ‘Sangkakala’ is a well-established Malay-Islamic eschatological term for the angel Israfil’s trumpet (blown twice: to end all life, then to raise the dead for judgment), a mainstream, formally taught element of Islamic end-times doctrine. Genuine resonance exists but sequence and agent differ; must be taught as God’s trumpet accompanying Christ’s own descent and the resurrection of believers specifically, not the Israfil narrative.
Died For Us
Approved rendering: Mati untuk kita / mati ganti kita
Transliteration: MAH-tee OON-took KEE-tah / MAH-tee GAHN-tee KEE-tah
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation, Not Wrath
Rejected alternatives: telah mati bare, without ‘untuk/ganti kita’ (flattens to a bare historical statement, losing substitutionary force)
Original: ἀποθανόντος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
New term. 5:10: Christ’s death as substitutionary and representative, sparing believers from wrath. Must retain the ‘for/instead of us’ force; flag for consistency with future atonement-specific curricula.
Spirit Soul Body
Approved rendering: Roh, jiwa, dan tubuh
Transliteration: ROHKH, JEE-wah, dahn TOO-boo
Doctrine: Tripartite Anthropology (Spirit, Soul, Body)
Rejected alternatives: equating human roh with the divine Roh Kudus without distinction, framing as equivalent to the Islamic ruh/nafs anthropological categories (including Sufi nafs ammarah, nafs lawwamah, nafs mutma’innah stages)
Original: πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα
Category: Anthropology
New term. 5:23: ‘your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless’. Malay ‘roh’ shares its root with Roh Kudus (baseline Critical); must clearly distinguish the human roh (a creature’s spirit, being preserved) from the divine Roh Kudus (God the Spirit, who preserves it) at every occurrence, especially given proximity to 5:19’s ‘quench the Spirit’ warning.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: Cium yang kudus
Transliteration: CHEE-oom yahng KOO-doos
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Greeting
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term, reuses baseline Critical/High Kudus. 5:26: a culturally-conditioned first-century greeting expressing warm Christian affection. A literal kiss-greeting is not customary in most contemporary Malaysian social contexts across ethnic and religious lines; teaching material should clarify the underlying warm-fellowship reality may be expressed through equivalent local greeting customs rather than requiring a literal kiss.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: Damai sejahtera
Transliteration: DAH-mai seh-jah-TEH-rah
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ketenangan (inner calm)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the salutation (1:1) and paired with complete sanctification in the closing benediction, ‘the God of peace himself sanctify you wholly’ (5:23).
Church
Approved rendering: Gereja
Transliteration: geh-REH-jah
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: jemaah (a term also used broadly for a mosque congregation or generic religious assembly)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1 (‘the church of the Thessalonians’), 2:14 (‘churches of God’); distinct from jemaah or masjid.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Bangsa bukan Yahudi
Transliteration: BAHNG-sah BOO-kahn yah-HOO-dee
Doctrine: Sexual Purity and Bodily Holiness
Rejected alternatives: kafir (unbeliever/infidel, an actively contested pejorative in contemporary Malay/Indonesian religious discourse)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 4:5: contrasted with sanctified believers, ‘like the Gentiles who do not know God’; ethnically neutral, never kafir.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Nubuat
Transliteration: noo-boo-AHT
Doctrine: Testing Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ramalan (fortune-telling/prediction)
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 5:20: ‘despise not prophesyings’; testing prophetic utterances (5:21) is a discernment practice, not a divinatory one.
Love
Approved rendering: Kasih
Transliteration: KAH-sih
Doctrine: Faith, Love, and Hope Triad
Rejected alternatives: kasih sayang (romantic/familial affection, risks conflation), belas kasihan (pity/compassion, too narrow)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
New term. Shares its root with the baseline’s ‘Kasih kurnia’ (grace); context must disambiguate this sacrificial, active love expressed through labor (1:3), taught directly by God (4:9), and worn as breastplate-armor imagery (5:8), from romantic affection or the specific unmerited-favor sense reserved for grace.
Living And True God
Approved rendering: Allah yang hidup dan benar
Transliteration: ahl-LAHH yahng HEE-doop dahn beh-NAHR
Doctrine: Idolatry and Conversion
Original: θεὸς ζῶν καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: God
New descriptor built on baseline Critical ‘Allah’. 1:9: contrasts the true God with lifeless idols; a useful point of contact with Islamic tawhid’s rejection of idolatry, though it still requires the full Trinitarian/Christological content unique to Christian usage.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: Firman Allah
Transliteration: FEER-mahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Authority of the Word of God
Rejected alternatives: Kalimatullah (the Qur’anic christological title for Isa, Qur’an 4:171 — not equivalent)
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
New term. 2:13: ‘received it not as the word of men, but… the word of God’; distinct from Injil (the proclaimed gospel specifically).
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Firman Tuhan
Transliteration: FEER-mahn TOO-hahn
Doctrine: Authority of the Word of God
Original: λόγος κυρίου
Category: Covenant
New term, reuses baseline Critical ‘Tuhan’. 4:15: Paul’s claimed direct revelation specifically for the Parousia teaching that follows; distinct from Firman Allah (broader revealed word).
Affliction
Approved rendering: Kesusahan / penderitaan
Transliteration: keh-soo-SAH-hahn / pen-deh-ree-TAH-ahn
Doctrine: Affliction and Suffering
Rejected alternatives: takdir-style fatalistic framing of suffering as impersonal fate
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Christian Living
New term. 1:6; 3:3-4,7: Paul frames affliction as an expected, appointed part of gospel life, not a sign of divine abandonment.
Lust
Approved rendering: Hawa nafsu
Transliteration: HAH-wah NAHF-soo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πάθος ἐπιθυμίας
Category: Sanctification
New term. 4:5: ‘not in the passion of lust, like the Gentiles who do not know God’. ‘Hawa nafsu’ is an existing Arabic-loan term central to Islamic ethical vocabulary (control of base desire as spiritual discipline) — a genuine point of positive resonance. Must be paired in teaching notes with the Spirit-empowerment/God-taught framing of 4:8-9 so this positive resonance does not reframe sanctification as self-effort.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: Kasih persaudaraan
Transliteration: KAH-sih per-sow-dah-RAH-ahn
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Church Life
Rejected alternatives: ukhuwah-style framing (the Islamic communal-brotherhood concept)
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New term. 4:9: love among believers as family, ‘taught by God’. Positive resonance with, but risk of conflation into, the Islamic ukhuwah concept; must remain Christ-specific, paralleling the baseline’s caution on persaudaraan under fellowship.
Wake Or Sleep
Approved rendering: Jaga / tidur
Transliteration: JAH-gah / TEE-door
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: γρηγορέω / καθεύδω
Category: Eschatology
New term. 5:10: a distinct Greek verb (katheudō) from koimaō, the death-euphemism of 4:13-15. Teaching material must not collapse the two into one technical term, to avoid readers conflating this verse’s general wakefulness/aliveness sense with chapter 4’s specific ‘fallen asleep in Christ’ euphemism.
Archangel
Approved rendering: Penghulu malaikat
Transliteration: peng-HOO-loo mah-lah-EE-kaht
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Jibril / Mikail / Israfil / Izrail (specific named Islamic archangels)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 4:16: ‘the voice of the archangel’. Must not be identified with any specific named Islamic archangel in teaching content; the text does not name which archangel.
Sudden Destruction
Approved rendering: Kebinasaan yang tiba-tiba
Transliteration: keh-bee-nah-SAH-ahn yahng TEE-bah-TEE-bah
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: αἰφνίδιος ὄλεθρος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 5:3: sudden, inescapable judgment on those saying ‘peace and safety’; straightforward eschatological-judgment imagery.
Sons Of Light
Approved rendering: Anak-anak cahaya / anak-anak siang
Transliteration: AH-nahk-AH-nahk chah-HAH-yah / AH-nahk-AH-nahk SEE-ahng
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: nur (evokes Nur Muhammad pre-existence devotion in Malay Sufi tradition, per the baseline glory entry)
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ ἡμέρας
Category: Eschatology
New term. 5:5: believers’ identity as belonging to God’s revealed truth and the coming Day, not to darkness. Uses ‘cahaya’ (light) rather than ‘nur’ to avoid the baseline’s flagged Nur Muhammad collision; still requires moral-relational, not illumination-claim, framing.
Armor Of Faith Love Hope
Approved rendering: Perisai dada iman dan kasih; ketopong pengharapan keselamatan
Transliteration: peh-REE-sai DAH-dah ee-MAHN dahn KAH-sih; keh-TOH-pohng peng-hah-RAH-pahn keh-seh-lah-MAH-tahn
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: θώραξ / περικεφαλαία
Category: Salvation
New term composite of Iman, Kasih, Pengharapan (all High) and baseline Critical Keselamatan. 5:8: ‘breastplate of faith and love, and for a helmet the hope of salvation’. Mild positive resonance with jihad an-nafs imagery (inner spiritual discipline), not equivalent in theological content.
Quench The Spirit
Approved rendering: Jangan padamkan Roh Kudus
Transliteration: JAHNG-ahn pah-dahm-KAHN ROHKH KOO-doos
Doctrine: Quenching the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: treating Roh Kudus as an impersonal flame, force, or roh halus
Original: πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε
Category: Sanctification
New term, reuses baseline Critical Roh Kudus. 5:19: a fire-metaphor warning against resisting or suppressing the Spirit’s work; the Spirit must be understood as a personal divine Person who can be grieved, not an impersonal force.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Kesyukuran
Transliteration: keh-shoo-KOO-rahn
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout (1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18); low doctrinal risk, genuine point of resonance.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Persekutuan
Transliteration: per-seh-koo-TOO-ahn
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Greeting
Rejected alternatives: persaudaraan (brotherhood, generic/ethnic)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the general sense of shared participation in Christ that frames chapters 4-5’s congregational instructions.
Exhort
Approved rendering: Menasihati
Transliteration: meh-NAH-see-HAH-tee
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across Paul’s fatherly ministry description (2:11-12) and the church’s mutual instructions (5:11,14); at 4:18 the consolation sense dominates and should favor the paired rendering ‘hiburkanlah’ (comfort) alongside menasihati.
Idols
Approved rendering: Berhala
Transliteration: ber-HAH-lah
Doctrine: Idolatry and Conversion
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Conversion
New term. 1:9: ‘turned to God from idols’; well-understood, doctrinally uncontroversial, with genuine positive resonance to Islamic anti-shirk conviction against idol worship.
Crown Of Rejoicing
Approved rendering: Mahkota kesukaan
Transliteration: mah-KOH-tah keh-soo-KAH-ahn
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
New term. 2:19: reward-imagery for faithful ministry, realized ‘at his coming’ (parousia); low doctrinal collision risk on its own.
Blameless
Approved rendering: Tidak bercacat
Transliteration: TEE-dahk ber-chah-CHAHT
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἄμεμπτος
Category: Sanctification
New term. 3:13; 5:23: ethical standing sought as an outcome of sanctification, explicitly tied to accountability at Christ’s coming.
Thief In The Night
Approved rendering: Pencuri pada waktu malam
Transliteration: pen-CHOO-ree pah-dah WAHK-too MAH-lahm
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί
Category: Eschatology
New term. 5:2,4: vivid idiom for suddenness and unpredictability of timing; translates naturally into Malay, low collision risk.
Labor Pains
Approved rendering: Sakit bersalin
Transliteration: SAH-kit ber-sah-LEEN
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὠδίν
Category: Eschatology
New term. 5:3: image of inescapable, unpredictable suddenness; natural-world imagery, no significant cultural collision.
Sober Watchful
Approved rendering: Berjaga-jaga dan menahan diri
Transliteration: ber-JAH-gah-JAH-gah dahn meh-NAH-hahn DEE-ree
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: νήφω
Category: Sanctification
New term. 5:6,8: ethical vigilance and self-control appropriate to ‘sons of the day’; low collision risk.
Test All Things
Approved rendering: Ujilah segala sesuatu
Transliteration: oo-JEE-lah seh-GAH-lah seh-SOO-ah-too
Doctrine: Testing Prophecy
Original: πάντα δοκιμάζετε
Category: Faith
New term. 5:21: discernment exhortation; low doctrinal risk.
Referenced passages