Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Timothy — English → Romanian
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions:
Critical = human theologian review, every occurrence. High = human theologian review. Medium = native speaker review. Low = automated review sufficient.
1. Reused Terms (from Romans Language Package — rendering locked, no change)
| English | Greek/translit. | Romanian (locked) | Risk | Occurs in 1 Timothy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός / Theos | Dumnezeu | Critical | 1:1-2, 2:5, 3:15-16, 6:15-17, throughout |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Iisus | Critical | 1:1-2, 1:12, 6:13-14 |
| Christ | Χριστός / Christos | Hristos | Critical | 1:1-2, 3:13, 3:16, 6:3, 6:13-14 |
| Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Domnul | Critical | 1:2, 1:12, 6:3, 6:14-15 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Duhul Sfânt | Critical | 3:16, 4:1 |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Tată | Critical | 1:2 |
| grace | χάρις / charis | har | Critical | 1:2, 1:14, 6:21 |
| faith | πίστις / pistis | credință | High | throughout, esp. 1:5, 1:14, 1:19, 3:9, 3:13, 4:1, 6:10-12, 6:21 |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | evanghelie | High | 1:11 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | apostol | Low | 1:1, 2:7 |
| salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria | mântuire | Critical | 1:15, 2:4, 2:15 |
| holy | ἅγιος / hagios | sfânt | Medium | 2:8 |
| church | ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia | Biserică | Medium | 3:5, 3:15, 5:16 |
| law | νόμος / nomos | lege | High | 1:7-9 |
| sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | păcat | Medium | 1:9, 1:15, 5:20, 5:22, 5:24 |
| gentiles / nations | ἔθνη / ethnē | neamuri | Low | 2:7, 3:16 |
| glory | δόξα / doxa | slavă | Medium | 1:11, 1:17, 3:16 |
| calling / called | κλῆσις, κλητός / klēsis, klētos | chemare / chemat | High | (conceptually present in “called to apostleship/office,” cf. 1:1, 3:1’s ὀρέγομαι distinct verb but same doctrine family) |
| spiritual gifts | χάρισμα / charisma | dar(uri) duhovnicesc(ești) | Medium | 4:14 |
| mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | milă | Low-Medium | 1:2, 1:13, 1:16 |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία / eucharistia | mulțumire | Low | 2:1 — NOTE: see “contentment” below for a required disambiguation from this rendering. |
| intercession | ἔντευξις / enteuxis | mijlocire | High | 2:1 |
2. New Terms — Church Leadership (Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership)
| English | Greek/translit. | Romanian rendering | Risk | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer / bishop | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | episcop | Critical | Untransliterated/neologism | Must carry mandatory translator note: denotes local congregational oversight, functionally equivalent to πρεσβύτερος here (5:17-19), not the fully developed monepiscopal, apostolic-succession office of later Orthodox order. |
| office of overseer | ἐπισκοπή / episkopē | episcopat | Critical | — | Same note as above applies. |
| elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | prezbiter | Critical | ”preot” (priest) | “Preot” rejected: imports later sacerdotal/sacrificial-priesthood theology (Eucharistic offering, sacramental absolution) not asserted by πρεσβύτερος here. Use consistently to preserve the episkopos/presbyteros overlap the text itself implies. |
| council of elders | πρεσβυτέριον / presbyterion | sfatul prezbiterilor / bătrânilor | High | — | Collective body performing the laying-on-of-hands (4:14). |
| deacon | διάκονος / diakonos | diacon | High | — | Established term, but Orthodox tradition assigns “diacon” a specific, more developed liturgical rank (lowest of three ordained orders) than the functional-service description given here. |
| above reproach / blameless | ἀνεπίλημπτος, ἀνέγκλητος / anepilēmptos, anenklētos | fără cusur / fără vină | Medium | — | Use consistently across 3:2 and 3:10 to preserve Paul’s parallel standard for both offices. |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα / mias gynaikos andra | bărbat al unei singure femei | High | A single resolved interpretive gloss (e.g., “never remarried”) | Genuinely ambiguous in Greek (monogamous / faithful / never-remarried readings); preserve ambiguity, flag for theologian review. |
| sober-minded | νηφάλιος / nēphalios | cumpătat | Low | — | Distinct Romanian word from σώφρων below to avoid redundancy collapse. |
| self-controlled | σώφρων / sōphrōn | chibzuit / cu mintea întreagă | Medium | Collapsing into “cumpătat” | Must remain distinct from νηφάλιος. |
| respectable/orderly | κόσμιος / kosmios | cuviincios | Low | — | |
| hospitable | φιλόξενος / philoxenos | iubitor de oaspeți | Low | — | |
| able to teach | διδακτικός / didaktikos | destoinic să învețe (pe alții) | Medium | — | The overseer-specific qualification not required of deacons. |
| given to wine | πάροινος / paroinos | dat la vin | Low | Total-abstinence gloss | Do not over-correct to abstinence; cf. 5:23. |
| violent | πλήκτης / plēktēs | bătăuș | Low | — | |
| gentle | ἐπιεικής / epieikēs | blând | Low-Medium | — | Strength held in restraint, not weakness. |
| peaceable | ἄμαχος / amachos | pașnic | Low | — | |
| not a lover of money | ἀφιλάργυρος / aphilargyros | neiubitor de argint | Medium | — | Share the “argint” root with φιλαργυρία (6:10) for internal lexical consistency. |
| manage/lead well | προΐστημι / proistēmi | a rândui bine / a chivernisi | Medium | — | Same verb used for household (3:4-5) and elders (5:17); render consistently. |
| submission | ὑποτάγη / hypotagē | supunere | Medium | — | Willing, relational order — avoid authoritarian overtone. |
| dignity/reverence | σεμνότης / semnotēs | cuviință | Low | — | |
| take care of | ἐπιμελέομαι / epimeleomai | a purta grijă (de) | Low | — | |
| new convert / novice | νεόφυτος / neophytos | nou venit la credință | Medium | Bare transliteration “novice” | Rejected due to collision with Orthodox monastic novitiate terminology. |
| puffed up with pride | τυφόομαι / typhoomai | a se îngâmfa | Low | — | |
| snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου / pagis tou diabolou | cursa diavolului | Medium | — | |
| good testimony | μαρτυρία καλή / martyria kalē | mărturie bună | Medium | — | |
| double-tongued | δίλογος / dilogos | cu două limbi / nesincer | Low | — | |
| greedy for dishonest gain | αἰσχροκερδής / aischrokerdēs | lacom de câștig necinstit | Medium | — | |
| mystery of the faith | μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως / mystērion tēs pisteōs | taina credinței | Critical | — | “Taină” collides with the Orthodox sacramental category “Sfintele Taine”; clarify this is revealed apostolic teaching content, not primarily a liturgical rite. |
| clean conscience | καθαρὰ συνείδησις / kathara syneidēsis | cuget curat / conștiință curată | Medium | — | Use one Romanian option consistently across the letter (1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2). |
| tested/proved | δοκιμάζω / dokimazō | a pune la încercare / a cerceta | Medium | — | Formal probationary process, not casual observation. |
| standing/rank | βαθμός / bathmos | treaptă (de cinste) | Medium | — | Avoid implying a formal three-tier clerical ladder Paul does not describe here. |
| boldness/confidence | παρρησία / parrēsia | (mare) încredere / curaj | Medium | — | |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν / epithesis tōn cheirōn | punerea mâinilor | High | — | Reflects early, less systematized commissioning practice; do not read the later, fully developed sacramental theology of Holy Orders back into the text, nor deny the act’s real significance. |
| women (deacons/wives, disputed) | γυναῖκας / gynaikas | femei | High | Resolving to “soțiile lor” (their wives) only | Genuinely ambiguous; preserve ambiguity, flag for theologian review — bears on recognition of a female diaconal ministry. |
3. New Terms — Christ as the One Mediator / Public Worship and Prayer
| English | Greek/translit. | Romanian rendering | Risk | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mediator | μεσίτης / mesitēs | mijlocitor | Critical | Any softened “a/chief mediator” rendering | Direct collision with Orthodox veneration of the Theotokos and saints as “mijlocitori/mijlocitoare”; the verse’s exclusivity (“one Mediator”) must be preserved intact regarding Christ’s unique atoning reconciliation, without needing to adjudicate devotional prayer-request practice, which is a distinct category. |
| ransom | ἀντίλυτρον / antilytron | preț de răscumpărare | Critical | — | Substitutionary, once-for-all; not an ongoing/repeatable payment. |
| testimony | μαρτύριον / martyrion | mărturie | Medium | — | |
| exercise authority (disputed) | αὐθεντέω / authenteō | a-și lua stăpânire / a domina | High | A single confidently-resolved rendering | NT hapax legomenon with genuinely disputed semantic range; flag the uncertainty rather than resolving it silently. |
| saved through childbearing (crux) | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας / sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias | se va mântui prin nașterea de prunci | High | Silent resolution to one reading | Major exegetical crux; do not detach the concluding faith-qualifier from the main clause. |
| prayers/petitions/intercessions/thanksgivings | δεήσεις, προσευχαί, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίαι | cereri, rugăciuni, mijlociri și mulțumiri | Medium | — | Comprehensive stacked prayer vocabulary for public worship, universal in scope (“for all people”). |
4. New Terms — The Church as Pillar of Truth / Guarding the Deposit of Faith / Sound Doctrine
| English | Greek/translit. | Romanian rendering | Risk | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pillar and foundation of truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας / stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias | stâlp și temelie a adevărului | High | — | Church as truth’s public guardian, not an independent, self-authenticating source of truth apart from the apostolic gospel it guards. |
| mystery of godliness | τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον / to tēs eusebeias mystērion | taina evlaviei | Critical | — | Same “taină”/sacramental collision as “mystery of the faith” (3:9); introduces gospel-content hymn, useful for teaching the distinction. |
| guard the deposit | παραθήκη, φυλάσσω / parathēkē, phylassō | păzește ce ți s-a dat în păstrare | Critical | Open-ended expansion to all of “Sfânta Predanie” | Positive resonance with Orthodox “Holy Tradition” category is a real asset, but referent must stay precise: the specific apostolic gospel content taught by Paul, guarded against specific named corruptions. |
| teach a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω / heterodidaskaleō | a învăța o altă învățătură | High | ”a avea o altă părere” (differing opinion) | Must convey doctrinal deviation, not mere disagreement. |
| sound doctrine / sound words | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι / hygiainousa didaskalia, hygiainontes logoi | învățătură sănătoasă / cuvinte sănătoase | High | — | Apostolic gospel content, not conformity to a particular institution’s authority per se. |
| myths | μῦθος / mythos | basme | Low | — | |
| genealogies | γενεαλογία / genealogia | genealogii | Low | — | |
| doctrines of demons | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων / didaskaliai daimoniōn | învățături ale demonilor | Medium | — | |
| forbidding marriage / foods (false asceticism) | κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων | opresc căsătoria… [poruncesc] să se ferească de bucate | Critical | Any framing implying condemnation of Orthodox fasting/monastic celibacy | Target is mandated dualistic asceticism denying creation’s goodness, not freely chosen fasting/celibacy disciplines. Mandatory teaching note required. |
| seared conscience | συνείδησις κεκαυτηριασμένη / syneidēsis kekautēriasmenē | conștiință înfierată / cauterizată | Medium | Bland “conștiință rea” | Preserve the branding-iron image. |
| falsely called knowledge | γνῶσις ψευδώνυμος / gnōsis pseudōnymos | știința mincinoasă | Medium | — | |
| shipwrecked (faith) | ναυαγέω / nauageō | și-au sfărâmat corabia credinței | Low-Medium | — | |
| delivered to Satan | παραδίδωμι τῷ Σαταν᷏ / paradidōmi tō Satana | a-i da pe mâna Satanei | Medium | — | Distinct from later formalized canonical penance (epitimia); a partial analogy only. |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | conștiință / cuget | Medium | — | Use one option consistently across the letter. |
5. New Terms — Godliness and Contentment
| English | Greek/translit. | Romanian rendering | Risk | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| godliness | εὐσέβεια / eusebeia | evlavie | High | — | Strongly associated with liturgical/devotional feeling in lived Orthodox piety; needs a brief gloss anchoring it to holistic, gospel-grounded ethical conduct, not ritual observance alone. |
| contentment/sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια / autarkeia | îndestulare | Medium-High | ”mulțumire” as primary choice | Rejected as primary due to homonym collision with the locked baseline rendering of “thanksgiving” (εὐχαριστία → mulțumire); flag the distinction wherever “mulțumire” appears in quoted Bible text per established convention. |
| train/exercise (for godliness) | γυμνάζω / gymnazō | a (se) deprinde | Medium | — | Athletic-training metaphor; resonates positively with Orthodox ascetic vocabulary (nevoință) as an asset, not primarily a risk. |
| godliness as means of gain | νομίζοντες πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν | cei ce socotesc evlavia ca mijloc de câștig | Medium-High | — | Relevant to contemporary prosperity-teaching critique; does not contradict legitimate material support of ministers (5:17-18). |
| love of money | φιλαργυρία / philargyria | iubirea de argint | High | — | Share the “argint” root with ἀφιλάργυρος (3:3) for internal consistency. |
| root of all evils | ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν / rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn | rădăcina tuturor relelor | High | — | |
| fight the good fight | ἀγωνίζου τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα / agōnizou ton kalon agōna | luptă lupta cea bună | Low-Medium | — | |
| the good confession | ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία / hē kalē homologia | buna mărturisire | Medium | — | Connects to Lordship-of-Christ confession tradition. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ Κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | Împăratul împăraților și Domnul domnilor | Critical (reused Lordship tier) | — | No qualification of Christ’s supremacy permitted. |
| man of God | ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ / anthrōpos tou theou | omul lui Dumnezeu | Medium | — | Risk of inflating an ordinary pastoral title into the elevated “holy man” category Orthodox culture reserves for venerated ascetics/saints. |
6. New Terms — Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
| English | Greek/translit. | Romanian rendering | Risk | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| widow | χήρα / chēra | văduvă | Medium | — | |
| widow indeed | ὄντως χήρα / ontōs chēra | văduvă cu adevărat | Medium | — | Subsidiarity principle: family support precedes congregational support. |
| double honor | τιμὴ διπλῆ / timē diplē | cinste dublă | Medium | — | Includes both respect and material support (cf. 5:18 wage citation). |
| accusation / two or three witnesses | κατηγορία, δύο ἢ τρεῖς μάρτυρες | învinuire, doi sau trei martori | Medium | — | Due-process safeguard specifically for elders. |
| busybody | περίεργος / periergos | iscoditoare / bârfitoare | Low | — | |
| household of God | οἶκος θεοῦ / oikos theou | casa lui Dumnezeu | Medium | — | |
| household | οἶκος / oikos | casă | Low | — | |
| slave / master | δοῦλος / δεσπότης | rob / stăpân | Medium | — | Historically loaded; requires contextual-historical framing, not central to this curriculum’s eight named doctrines but present for full-book coverage. |
7. Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 (episkopos/episkopē, presbyteros, mesitēs, mystērion tēs pisteōs, mystērion tēs eusebeias, parathēkē, forbidding-marriage/foods clause, King of kings/Lord of lords [reused tier], antilytron) | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 16 (diakonos, husband-of-one-wife, women/gynaikas, laying-on-of-hands, authenteō, saved-through-childbearing, pillar-and-foundation, heterodidaskaleō, hygiainousa didaskalia, eusebeia, autarkeia, philargyria/rhiza, love-of-money root pairing, man-of-God, sound-words, novice) | Human theologian |
| Medium | ~35 | Native speaker review |
| Low | ~15 | Automated review |
This glossary must be merged with and cross-checked against the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the Pre-flight Checklist in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. All “reused” terms in Section 1 above are non-negotiable and must not be re-derived or altered.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2, 1:14 (‘harul Domnului nostru s-a înmulțit’), 6:21 (closing benediction). Must retain unmerited, abundant character at 1:14; must not read as reward for Paul’s pre-conversion zeal. Preserve the baseline’s caution against both a purely legal-favor reading and a merit-based created-substance reading.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: dreptate
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: dreptate câștigată exclusiv prin efort moral propriu
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 6:11 in the list of virtues to pursue (‘urmărește dreptatea, evlavia, credința…’); retain as right standing/conduct flowing from faith, not a self-achieved moral rectitude divorced from grace already established in ch.1.
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:15 (decisive, punctiliar sense), 2:4 (God’s universal salvific will), 2:15 (the childbearing crux — see ‘saved_through_childbearing’ below), 4:16. Preserve Romans’ emphasis on salvation received decisively by faith without flatly contradicting the Orthodox theosis framework.
Lord
Approved rendering: Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2, 1:12, 6:3, 6:14-15, and within ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (6:15). Must convey exclusive, supreme lordship.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Use Orthodox Synodal spelling ‘Iisus’ throughout; note ‘Isus’ only as the expected Evangelical/Cornilescu-tradition variant, never mixed within one document.
Christ
Approved rendering: Hristos
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Mesia (reserved for the messianic-fulfillment title sense established in the Romans baseline)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New term for the 1 Timothy extension, consistent with the established Romanian Bible-translation form used throughout the baseline in name-compounds. Used constantly in ‘Hristos Iisus’ (1:1-2, 6:13-14) and in doxological formulas (3:13, 3:16, 6:3). Keep ‘Hristos’ in name-compounds; do not substitute ‘Mesia’ in those constructions.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 3:16 (mystery-of-godliness hymn), 4:1 (source of prophecy about apostasy). Must not be rendered as an impersonal universal spirit or life-force.
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2. Standard and unambiguous.
Overseer
Approved rendering: episcop
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: untransliterated/neologism
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership
The only intelligible, established Romanian Bible-translation term across Synodal and Cornilescu traditions, but Orthodox readers will inevitably hear the fourth-century-and-later diocesan bishop within the threefold apostolic-succession hierarchy. MANDATORY translator note on every occurrence (3:1-2): denotes local, first-century congregational oversight, functionally overlapping with πρεσβύτερος (5:17-19), not the fully developed monepiscopal office.
Office Of Overseer
Approved rendering: episcopat
Transliteration: episkopē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
Same collision and mandatory note as ‘overseer’ (3:1). ‘Episcopat’ will otherwise be read as the modern diocesan office.
Elder
Approved rendering: prezbiter
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: preot (priest)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
Render as ‘prezbiter,’ NEVER ‘preot.’ ‘Preot’ would import the later-developed sacerdotal, sacrificial-priesthood theology of Orthodox holy orders (Eucharistic offering, sacramental absolution) that πρεσβύτερος does not itself assert here, and would obscure the letter’s internal evidence (5:17 read against 3:1-7) that ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος substantially overlap in referent.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: taina credinței
Transliteration: mystērion tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:9. Romanian ‘taină’ is the exact technical term for the Orthodox sacraments (‘Sfintele Taine’). MANDATORY translator note on every occurrence: this is revealed apostolic teaching content, not primarily a sacramental rite. Reinforced by the parallel ‘mystery of godliness’ hymn at 3:16.
Mediator
Approved rendering: mijlocitor
Transliteration: mesitēs
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: orice formulare atenuată de tipul ‘un mijlocitor principal’
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
Occurs 2:5. Direct collision with Orthodox devotional titling of the Theotokos and saints as ‘mijlocitori/mijlocitoare.’ The exclusivity (‘one Mediator’) must be preserved intact; mandatory teaching note distinguishing Christ’s unique atoning reconciliation from the distinct devotional category of requesting others’ prayers. Requires human theologian review on every occurrence.
Ransom
Approved rendering: preț de răscumpărare
Transliteration: antilytron
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Christology
Occurs 2:6. Must preserve the substitutionary, once-for-all sense; avoid any rendering suggesting an ongoing or repeatable payment.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Împăratul împăraților și Domnul domnilor
Transliteration: Basileus tōn basileuontōn kai Kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ Κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
Occurs 6:15. Directly continuous with the Romans-package Lordship-of-Christ doctrine; no qualification of the supremacy claim is permitted.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: taina evlaviei
Transliteration: to tēs eusebeias mystērion
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness
Original: τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 3:16. Same ‘taină’/sacramental-category collision as ‘mystery of the faith’ (3:9); the hymn’s explicit gospel content (incarnation, vindication, ascension) is the strongest internal evidence for the intended sense — use pedagogically.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: păzește ce ți s-a dat în păstrare
Transliteration: tēn parathēkēn phylaxon
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: expansiune deschisă către întreaga Sfântă Predanie
Original: τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 6:20. Genuine positive resonance with Orthodox Sfânta Predanie (Holy Tradition) as a reception asset, but must not expand Paul’s precise referent (the specific apostolic content taught to Timothy) into an open warrant for the whole later body of ecclesiastical tradition.
Forbidding Marriage And Foods
Approved rendering: opresc căsătoria… poruncesc să se ferească de bucate
Transliteration: kōlyontōn gamein… apechesthai brōmatōn
Doctrine: False Asceticism and the Goodness of Creation
Rejected alternatives: orice cadru care ar condamna postul sau celibatul monastic ortodox liber asumat
Original: κωλυόντων γαμεῖν… ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 4:3-4. CRITICAL PASTORAL FLAG: targets teachers who MANDATE abstinence as spiritually necessary, denying creation’s goodness — NOT a condemnation of Orthodoxy’s own voluntarily-undertaken fasting (post) or monastic celibacy. Mandatory explicit distinguishing teaching note required on every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evanghelie
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:11 (‘evanghelia slavei fericitului Dumnezeu’); no change from baseline rendering.
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Timothy also carries an added objective sense of ‘the faith’ as guarded apostolic content (1:19, 3:9, 4:1, 6:10-12, 6:21), distinct from the personal-trust sense (1:2, 1:5); disambiguate by context in every occurrence.
Calling
Approved rendering: chemare
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Must not default to ‘chemare monahală’ for the general summons every believer or minister receives; relevant to 1:1 and the ministry-gift context of 4:14.
Law
Approved rendering: lege
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The Lawful Use of the Law
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:7-9. The qualifier ‘lawfully’ (νομίμως, 1:8) must be rendered clearly (‘dacă cineva o folosește cum se cade’) so the passage is not read as endorsing the false teachers’ speculative use of the law.
Sin
Approved rendering: păcat
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:9, 1:15, 5:20, 5:22, 5:24. Standard, well-understood term.
Intercession
Approved rendering: mijlocire
Transliteration: enteuxis
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to High for this book given direct proximity to the μεσίτης/mediator argument in 2:5. Occurs 2:1 as ordinary congregational intercession for ‘all people,’ including civic rulers. Must not default to saint or Marian-mediated intercession as the primary model.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: întrupare
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto (cf. ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, 3:16)
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness
Inherited from Romans package. Directly relevant to the opening line of the mystery-of-godliness hymn (3:16, ‘manifested in the flesh’). As in Romans, ensure the hymn’s own emphasis (revealed gospel content) is not lost beneath theosis framing.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: sfatul prezbiterilor
Transliteration: presbyterion
Doctrine: Laying On of Hands and Ordination
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
The collective body performing the laying-on-of-hands (4:14). Render consistently with ‘prezbiter’ to preserve the visible link between the individual office and the corporate body.
Deacon
Approved rendering: diacon
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
Established, unambiguous term, but Orthodox sacramental theology assigns ‘diacon’ the lowest of three ordained ranks with specific liturgical functions considerably more developed than this passage’s general service-and-character description (3:8-13). Translator note clarifies this describes qualifications for recognized local ministry of service, without specifying later-assigned liturgical function.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: bărbat al unei singure femei
Transliteration: mias gynaikos andra
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: o singură glosă interpretativă rezolvată, de exemplu ‘necăsătorit a doua oară’
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
Genuinely ambiguous in Greek (monogamous / faithful / never-remarried readings, 3:2, 3:12). Preserve the ambiguity; flag for human theologian review given the live pastoral question of widower-remarriage and eldership in Romanian church practice.
Women In Ministry
Approved rendering: femei
Transliteration: gynaikas
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Rejected alternatives: soțiile lor (their wives, as the only resolution)
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:11. Genuinely disputed referent (wives / deaconess-type ministry / both). Preserve the ambiguity; flag for human theologian review given denominational sensitivity around female diaconal ministry.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: punerea mâinilor
Transliteration: epithesis tōn cheirōn
Doctrine: Laying On of Hands and Ordination
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 4:14, 5:22. Taught as neither fully endorsing the later systematized Taina Hirotoniei nor denying the act’s real spiritual significance, which Paul treats as meaningfully connected to Timothy’s ministry gift.
Exercise Authority
Approved rendering: a-și lua stăpânire / a domina
Transliteration: authenteō
Doctrine: Women in Public Worship and Teaching Authority
Rejected alternatives: o singură redare confidentă a acestui hapax legomenon
Original: αὐθεντέω
Category: Prayer and Worship
Occurs 2:12. A New Testament hapax legomenon of genuinely disputed lexical range. Do not silently resolve to a single confident rendering; accompany with a note acknowledging the disputed range. Requires human theologian review.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: se va mântui prin nașterea de prunci
Transliteration: sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias
Doctrine: Women in Public Worship and Teaching Authority
Rejected alternatives: rezolvarea tacită a crux-ului exegetic către o singură interpretare
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Prayer and Worship
Occurs 2:15. One of the most exegetically difficult phrases in the Pastorals. The concluding faith-qualifier (‘if they continue in faith, love, and holiness with self-control’) must not be detached from the main clause. Flag for human theologian review; never resolve silently.
Pillar And Foundation Of Truth
Approved rendering: stâlp și temelie a adevărului
Transliteration: stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Ecclesiology
Occurs 3:15. Frequently cited in Orthodox ecclesiology (with Matthew 16:18) for institutional teaching authority. Preserve the church’s genuine role as truth’s public guardian while clarifying this is the gathered people holding fast to apostolic teaching, not an independent, self-authenticating source of truth apart from the gospel it guards.
Teach Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: a învăța o altă învățătură
Transliteration: heterodidaskaleō
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: a avea o altă părere (differing opinion)
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:3, 6:3. Must not be softened to mere disagreement; conveys doctrinal deviation from apostolic norm.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: învățătură sănătoasă
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia / hygiainontes logoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:10, 6:3. Apostolic gospel content producing spiritual health, not conformity to institutional authority per se; gloss ‘sănătoasă’ on first use as conveying spiritual life-giving health, not merely ‘correct opinion.‘
Godliness
Approved rendering: evlavie
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godliness
Occurs 2:2, 3:16, 4:7-8, 6:3-11. Strongly associated in lived Orthodox piety with devotional feeling/ritual observance rather than Paul’s holistic, gospel-grounded ethical vision; gloss on first use per unit as ‘evlavie întemeiată pe evanghelie, arătată în toată purtarea de zi cu zi.‘
Contentment
Approved rendering: îndestulare
Transliteration: autarkeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: mulțumire (the common Cornilescu-tradition rendering)
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:6. ‘Mulțumire’ rejected as primary choice because it is already the locked baseline rendering for ‘thanksgiving’ (εὐχαριστία); using it for both concepts across this curriculum and Romans creates a homonym-collision risk. ‘Îndestulare’ avoids the collision.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: iubirea de argint
Transliteration: philargyria
Doctrine: Love of Money as Spiritual Danger
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:10. Share the ‘argint’ root with ἀφιλάργυρος (3:3, ‘neiubitor de argint’) so the letter’s internal lexical echo remains visible.
Root Of All Evils
Approved rendering: rădăcina tuturor relelor
Transliteration: rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn
Doctrine: Love of Money as Spiritual Danger
Original: ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:10. A generative-source claim (love of money as root from which many evils spring), ties leadership character, congregational ethics, and the closing warning together.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: chemat
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually present in Paul’s self-designation as apostle ‘by the command of God’ (1:1).
Holy
Approved rendering: sfânt
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:8, ‘holy hands’ lifted in prayer — applies to ordinary believers at prayer, not a specialized ascetic class.
Church
Approved rendering: Biserică
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 3:5, 3:15 (‘Biserica lui Dumnezeu’), 5:16. Distinguish the local-congregation sense here from the exclusivist institutional-continuity claim an Orthodox reader may default to, especially at 3:15.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: neamuri
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: păgâni (pejorative)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:7, 3:16 (‘proclaimed among the nations’). Avoid the pejorative ‘păgâni.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:11, 1:17 (doxology), 3:16 (‘taken up in glory’). A cultural and liturgical asset given constant Orthodox doxological use of ‘slavă.‘
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dar(uri) duhovnicesc(ești)
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: harisme rezervate în special stareților și duhovnicilor
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applied singularly to Timothy’s specific ministry gift at 4:14, given through prophecy with the laying on of the elders’ hands. Distinguish from gifts associated especially with monastic elders (stareți) or spiritual fathers (duhovnici).
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:2 (‘grace, mercy, and peace’). Relational peace with God, not merely inner calm.
Mercy
Approved rendering: milă
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Testimony of Grace and Conversion
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term for the 1 Timothy extension. Distinct from χάρις (‘har’, unmerited favor toward the undeserving) by emphasizing compassionate relief toward Paul’s afflicted, ignorant condition (1:2, 1:13, 1:16). Keep ‘milă’ and ‘har’ lexically distinct so both dimensions of Paul’s testimony argument remain visible.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: fără cusur
Transliteration: anepilēmptos / anenklētos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: respectat (shifts from moral integrity to social status)
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
Use the same Romanian phrase at 3:2 and 3:10 to preserve Paul’s deliberate parallel standard for both offices.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: chibzuit
Transliteration: sōphrōn
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: collapsing into ‘cumpătat’
Original: σώφρων
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:2. Must remain a distinct Romanian term from νηφάλιος; Romanian translators often default to a single word for both, erasing Paul’s intentional double emphasis.
Apt To Teach
Approved rendering: destoinic să învețe
Transliteration: didaktikos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:2. The overseer-specific qualification not required of deacons; must retain demonstrated skill, not mere willingness.
Not A Lover Of Money
Approved rendering: neiubitor de argint
Transliteration: aphilargyros
Doctrine: Love of Money as Spiritual Danger
Original: ἀφιλάργυρος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:3. Share the ‘argint’ root with φιλαργυρία (6:10, ‘iubirea de argint’) to preserve the intended lexical echo across the letter.
Manage Household Well
Approved rendering: a rândui bine / a chivernisi
Transliteration: proistēmi
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: προΐστημι
Category: Church Leadership
Used of household management (3:4-5, 3:12) and of elders who ‘rule well’ (5:17), deliberately the same verb in both domains. Use the same Romanian verb at all three occurrences to preserve Paul’s intentional lexical parallel.
Submission
Approved rendering: supunere
Transliteration: hypotagē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: ὑποταγή
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:4. Distinguish willing, relational order from coerced domination; ‘supunere’ can carry an authoritarian overtone if not qualified by context.
New Convert
Approved rendering: nou venit la credință
Transliteration: neophytos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: novice (bare transliteration)
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:6. Rejected ‘novice’ because Romanian ‘novice’ is an established Orthodox monastic-formation term for a pre-tonsure candidate, which would wrongly import monastic categories into a statement about general church eldership.
The Devil
Approved rendering: diavol
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: διάβολος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:6-7 as proper title. The same root recurs adjectivally (‘slanderous’) at 3:11 with a distinct rendering (‘clevetitoare’); do not conflate.
Slanderous
Approved rendering: clevetitoare
Transliteration: diabolos (adjectival)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Rejected alternatives: diavol (noun form)
Original: διάβολος (adjectival use)
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:11. Must be rendered with a distinct Romanian adjective, not the noun ‘diavol,’ to avoid implying demonic possession rather than the sin of slanderous speech.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: cursa diavolului
Transliteration: pagis tou diabolou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:7. Preserve the hunting-trap image rather than an abstract ‘danger.‘
Good Testimony
Approved rendering: mărturie bună
Transliteration: martyria kalē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: μαρτυρία καλή
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:7. Ensure it conveys reputation observed by the wider community, not merely internal church approval.
Greedy For Dishonest Gain
Approved rendering: lacom de câștig necinstit
Transliteration: aischrokerdēs
Doctrine: Love of Money as Spiritual Danger
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:8. Directly ties to Godliness-and-Contentment and anticipates 6:5-10.
Clean Conscience
Approved rendering: cuget curat
Transliteration: kathara syneidēsis
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Original: καθαρὰ συνείδησις
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:9; use one Romanian option (‘cuget curat’ or ‘conștiință curată’) consistently across 1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2.
Tested And Proven
Approved rendering: a pune la încercare
Transliteration: dokimazō
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:10. Must convey a formal, deliberate probationary process, not casual observation.
Standing And Rank
Approved rendering: treaptă (de cinste)
Transliteration: bathmos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Original: βαθμός
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:13. Romanian ‘treaptă’ risks resonating with ‘trepte ale preoției’ (formal ranks of holy orders); note that Paul’s image is a general, non-technical honor, not a rung on a clerical ladder.
Boldness
Approved rendering: mare încredere
Transliteration: parrēsia
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Original: παρρησία
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:13. Ensure the inward-spiritual sense (confidence toward Christ) is not lost alongside the outward ‘standing.‘
Testimony Of Christ
Approved rendering: mărturie
Transliteration: martyrion
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: μαρτύριον
Category: Christology
Occurs 2:6. Distinguish from ‘mărturie bună’ (3:7), a different noun in a different context.
Prayer Forms Stacked
Approved rendering: cereri, rugăciuni, mijlociri și mulțumiri
Transliteration: deēseis, proseuchai, enteuxeis, eucharistiai
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: δεήσεις, προσευχαί, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίαι
Category: Prayer and Worship
Occurs 2:1. Comprehensive, universal-scope stacked prayer vocabulary (‘for all people,’ including rulers); ‘mijlociri’ here must read as ordinary congregational intercession, not saint/Marian-mediated intercession.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: casa lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: oikos theou
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Ecclesiology
Occurs 3:15, echoing the household-management argument of 3:4-5. Distinguish the metaphorical household-family sense from a physical church building.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: învățături ale demonilor
Transliteration: didaskaliai daimoniōn
Doctrine: False Asceticism and the Goodness of Creation
Original: διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 4:1. Ensure the spiritual-source claim is not softened into merely human error.
Seared Conscience
Approved rendering: conștiință înfierată
Transliteration: syneidēsis kekautēriasmenē
Doctrine: False Asceticism and the Goodness of Creation
Rejected alternatives: conștiință rea (bland, loses the branding image)
Original: συνείδησις κεκαυτηριασμένη
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 4:2. Preserve the branding-iron metaphor.
Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: știința mincinoasă
Transliteration: gnōsis pseudōnymos
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: γνῶσις ψευδώνυμος
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 6:20. Likely an early allusion to proto-Gnostic speculative teaching.
Shipwrecked Faith
Approved rendering: și-au sfărâmat corabia credinței
Transliteration: nauageō
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: ναυαγέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:19. Preserve the figurative shipwreck image rather than a flat abstraction.
Delivered To Satan
Approved rendering: a-i da pe mâna Satanei
Transliteration: paradidōmi tō Satana
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παραδίδωμι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:20, of Hymenaeus and Alexander. Distinct from Orthodox penitential practice (epitimia); a brief note distinguishing the two is warranted.
Conscience
Approved rendering: conștiință
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2. Use one rendering consistently across the whole letter.
Train For Godliness
Approved rendering: a se deprinde spre evlavie
Transliteration: gymnazō
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: γύμναζε σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν
Category: Godliness
Occurs 4:7-8. The athletic-training metaphor resonates positively with Orthodox ascetic vocabulary (nevoință) as an asset; preserve the explicit devaluation of ‘bodily exercise alone.‘
Godliness As Gain
Approved rendering: cei ce socotesc evlavia ca mijloc de câștig
Transliteration: nomizontes porismon einai tēn eusebeian
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: νομίζοντες πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:5. Relevant to contemporary prosperity-teaching critique; does not contradict legitimate material support of ministers already affirmed at 5:17-18.
Good Fight Of Faith
Approved rendering: luptă lupta cea bună a credinței
Transliteration: agōnizou ton kalon agōna tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ἀγωνίζου τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:12. Established figurative idiom in Romanian Bible tradition.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: buna mărturisire
Transliteration: hē kalē homologia
Doctrine: The Good Confession
Original: ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:12-13. Connects to the Lordship-of-Christ doctrine; public confession as the defining act of Christian and ministerial identity.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: omul lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: anthrōpos tou theou
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Godliness
Occurs 6:11. Risk of inflating an ordinary pastoral title into the elevated ‘holy man’ category Orthodox culture reserves for venerated ascetics/saints; keep the ordinary, functional pastoral sense clear.
Widow
Approved rendering: văduvă
Transliteration: chēra
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Family and Household
Occurs 5:3-16 throughout. Names the doctrine directly.
Widow Indeed
Approved rendering: văduvă cu adevărat
Transliteration: ontōs chēra
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ὄντως χήρα
Category: Family and Household
Occurs 5:3, 5. Establishes a subsidiarity principle: family responsibility precedes congregational responsibility (5:4, 8, 16).
Double Honor
Approved rendering: cinste dublă
Transliteration: timē diplē
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: τιμὴ διπλῆ
Category: Family and Household
Occurs 5:17. Must retain both respect and material-support senses together, reinforced by the wage citation of 5:18.
Accusation Against Elder
Approved rendering: învinuire / doi sau trei martori
Transliteration: katēgoria / dyo ē treis martyres
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: κατηγορία / δύο ἢ τρεῖς μάρτυρες
Category: Family and Household
Occurs 5:19-20. Procedural safeguard against unsubstantiated charges against elders, drawing on the Deuteronomic multiple-witness principle.
Slave And Master
Approved rendering: rob / stăpân
Transliteration: doulos / despotēs
Doctrine: Household Relations and Slavery
Original: δοῦλος / δεσπότης
Category: Family and Household
Occurs 6:1-2. Historically loaded terms requiring contextual-historical framing distinguishing the ancient institution from modern labor relationships; not one of the eight named curriculum doctrines but present for full-book coverage.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:1, 2:7. Established, unambiguous term.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: mulțumire
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:12, 2:1, 4:3-4. MUST be kept lexically distinct from ‘îndestulare’ (contentment, αὐτάρκεια, 6:6), a different Greek concept; do not let the two collapse into the same Romanian word anywhere in this curriculum.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prorocie
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ministry
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:18 (‘the prophecies previously made about you’) and 4:14 (‘given through prophecy’).
Exhort
Approved rendering: îndemna
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:3 (‘te-am îndemnat/te-am rugat să rămâi în Efes’).
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: cumpătat
Transliteration: nēphalios
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:2, 3:11. Use a distinct Romanian word from σώφρων to preserve Paul’s double emphasis on behavior and judgment.
Respectable
Approved rendering: cuviincios
Transliteration: kosmios
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:2. Standard rendering.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: iubitor de oaspeți
Transliteration: philoxenos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:2. Standard rendering.
Given To Wine
Approved rendering: dat la vin
Transliteration: paroinos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Rejected alternatives: total-abstinence gloss
Original: πάροινος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:3, 3:8. Must not be over-corrected into a total-abstinence requirement Paul does not state (cf. 5:23, medicinal wine).
Violent
Approved rendering: bătăuș
Transliteration: plēktēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: πλήκτης
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:3. Standard rendering.
Gentle
Approved rendering: blând
Transliteration: epieikēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: ἐπιεικής
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:3. Avoid a term implying weakness/spinelessness; ἐπιεικής is strength held in restraint.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: pașnic
Transliteration: amachos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:3. Contrasts with the false teachers’ constant disputes (6:4).
Dignity
Approved rendering: cuviință
Transliteration: semnotēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: σεμνότης
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:4; adjectival form applied to deacons at 3:8 (σεμνός).
Take Care Of
Approved rendering: a purta grijă (de)
Transliteration: epimeleomai
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: ἐπιμελέομαι
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:5, of caring for God’s church.
Puffed Up With Conceit
Approved rendering: a se îngâmfa
Transliteration: typhoomai
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Overseers/Elders
Original: τυφόομαι
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:6. The specific danger of premature authority.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: cu două limbi
Transliteration: dilogos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership — Deacons
Original: δίλογος
Category: Church Leadership
Occurs 3:8. Insincerity in speech.
Quietness
Approved rendering: tăcere / liniște
Transliteration: hēsychia
Doctrine: Women in Public Worship and Teaching Authority
Original: ἡσυχία
Category: Prayer and Worship
Occurs 2:11-12. Note the false-cognate trap: distinct from the later technical monastic-contemplative practice of ‘isihasm’ (hesychasm); do not conflate.
Household
Approved rendering: casă
Transliteration: oikos
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: οἶκος
Category: Ecclesiology
Occurs 3:4-5, 3:12, 3:15, 5:4. Standard rendering.
Myths
Approved rendering: basme
Transliteration: mythos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθος
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:4. Not ‘myth’ in the modern sense of a foundational cultural story.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: genealogii
Transliteration: genealogia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Sound Doctrine
Occurs 1:4. Distinct from the theologically loaded genealogies of Matthew/Luke.
Busybody
Approved rendering: iscoditoare
Transliteration: periergos
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: περίεργος
Category: Family and Household
Occurs 5:13.