Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Luke 1–24 (English → Romanian)
This glossary extends translation_memory.json (Romans baseline) for the Luke curriculum. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] carry over the exact Romanian rendering already recorded in the Romans package and must not be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for theologian review and, upon approval, should be appended to translation_memory.json with an incremented version number per the Phase 2 loading protocol.
Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Luke
| Term | Romanian | Risk (baseline) | Key Luke Passages | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | evanghelie | High | 4:18 (verbal form), 8:1, 9:6, 20:1 | Verbal form εὐαγγελίζομαι must derive visibly from this noun root. |
| grace | har | Critical | 1:28,30; 2:40; 4:19,22 | ”Full of grace” (1:28) and “year of the Lord’s favor” (4:19) both root in this Critical term. |
| faith | credință | High | 5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:5-6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32 | Personal trust in Christ; frequent healing-faith formula “your faith has saved/healed you.” |
| righteousness | dreptate | Critical | 1:6; 18:9-14 (implicit); 23:47 (δίκαιος) | Reuse for δίκαιος/δικαιοσύνη family throughout. |
| justification | îndreptățire | Critical | 18:14 (δεδικαιωμένος) | Only explicit verbal occurrence in Luke; must connect directly to the Romans doctrine. |
| salvation | mântuire | Critical | 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9-10 | Central noun; verbal form σῴζω (a mântui) built on same root. |
| apostle | apostol | Low | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 | Unambiguous, standard. |
| called | chemat | Medium | 5:32; 7:39 (implicit); 14:7-24 (banquet-invitation vocabulary, related but distinct verb) | Context-sensitive as in Romans. |
| calling | chemare | High | (thematic, not a frequent distinct noun in Luke; underlies discipleship-call scenes 5:1-11,27-28; 9:59-62) | Guard against “chemare monahală” narrowing, as in baseline. |
| holy | sfânt | Medium | 1:35,49,70,72; 2:23; 4:34 | Standard. |
| saints | sfinți | Critical | (not prominent as a distinct noun in Luke; relevant background for corporate-believer identity established in Romans) | Retain baseline caution if term is used in derivative teaching materials. |
| sanctification | sfințire | High | (thematic; Luke emphasizes repentance/transformation more than the technical noun) | Available if needed in teaching notes. |
| adoption | înfiere | Medium | (thematic parallel: sonship-restoration in the Prodigal Son, 15:11-32, though not the technical term) | Useful cross-reference in teaching notes. |
| resurrection | înviere | Critical | 9:22; 14:14; 18:33; 20:27-38; 24:6-7,34,46 | Doctrinal asset per baseline note; climactic in ch.24. |
| lord | Domnul | Critical | 1:43; 2:11; 6:5; 10:1; 19:38; 20:41-44; 24:3,34 | Exclusive, supreme lordship retained throughout. |
| son_of_god | Fiul lui Dumnezeu | Critical | 1:32,35; 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70 | Must be visually/grammatically distinguished from generic “fiu al lui Dumnezeu” (of Adam, 3:38, and of disciples, thematically). |
| incarnation | întrupare | High | 1:26-38; 2:1-20 | The Infancy Narrative is Luke’s primary incarnation text. |
| peace | pace | Medium | 1:79; 2:14,29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36 | Relational, covenantal peace, not mere calm. |
| spiritual_gifts | daruri duhovnicești | Medium | (thematic; cf. 12:12, Spirit’s aid; not a distinct Lukan noun-list as in Romans 12) | Background reference only. |
| thanksgiving | mulțumire | Low | 17:16; 18:11 (ironic use by the Pharisee); 22:17,19 | Ties to the Ten Lepers and the Last Supper. |
| fellowship | părtășie | Low | (thematic: table fellowship scenes throughout, though Luke’s own vocabulary is typically συνεσθίω “eat with,” not κοινωνία) | See NEW entry “table fellowship” below for the more precise Lukan term. |
| church | Biserică | Medium | (minimal in Luke itself; Acts, Luke’s sequel, develops this heavily) | Background only. |
| kingdom_of_god | împărăția lui Dumnezeu | Medium | 4:43; 6:20; 7:28; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,27,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31-32; 13:18-29; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-25,29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18,29-30; 23:42,51 | Luke’s single most frequent theological term overall; central to “Kingdom Present and Future” doctrine. |
| law | lege | High | 2:22-27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44 | Standard Mosaic Law/Torah references. |
| sin | păcat | Medium | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24,32; 7:47-49; 11:4; 15:7,10,18,21; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Extremely frequent; underlies the repentance/forgiveness doctrine throughout. |
| gentiles | neamuri | Low | 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 | Reuse for “nations/Gentiles” language, esp. 24:47’s Great-Commission-parallel. |
| glory | slavă | Medium | 2:9,14,32; 9:26,31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 21:27; 24:26 | Doctrinal asset, per baseline note. |
| power_of_god | puterea lui Dumnezeu | Medium | 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 24:49 | Standard. |
| messiah | Mesia | Critical | 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46 | Same rendering used consistently through the Passion and Emmaus narratives. |
| prophet | proroc | Low | 1:76; 3:4; 4:17,24,27; 7:16,26,39; 9:8,19; 13:33-34; 16:16,29,31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27,44 | Standard. |
| prophecy | prorocie | Low | 1:67-79 (Zechariah’s prophetic utterance, thematic); 24:25-27,44-45 | Standard. |
| covenant | legământ | High | 1:72; 22:20 | Zechariah’s prophecy and the Last Supper’s “new covenant.” |
| election | alegere | High | (thematic only; not a prominent distinct Lukan noun) | Background reference. |
| intercession | mijlocire | High | (thematic; Luke emphasizes direct personal prayer more than intercessory-mediator language — see NEW “prayer” entry below) | Guard against saint/Marian-default reading if this term is invoked in teaching material alongside Luke’s Marian passages (ch.1-2). |
| providence | pronia lui Dumnezeu | Medium | 12:6-7,22-31 (thematic, “much more value than the birds”) | Background reference. |
| mission | misiune | Medium | 9:1-6; 10:1-12; 24:47-49 | The sending of the Twelve, the Seventy-Two, and the final commissioning. |
| david | David | Low | 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | Standard, frequent (Davidic-messianic theme runs throughout Luke). |
| israel | Israel | Low | 1:54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 22:30; 24:21 | Standard. |
| jesus | Iisus | Critical | throughout | Orthodox Synodal spelling retained exactly per baseline standard. |
| god | Dumnezeu | Critical | throughout | Standard. |
| holy_spirit | Duhul Sfânt | Critical | 1:15,35,41,67,80; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49 | Central to “Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History” doctrine; Luke’s most Spirit-saturated Gospel. |
| father | Tată | Critical | 2:49; 6:36; 10:21-22; 11:2,13; 15:11-32; 22:42; 23:34,46; 24:49 | God as Father throughout; also the Prodigal Son’s human father, requiring context-sensitive but non-conflicting rendering. |
| exhort | îndemna | Low | (thematic; Luke’s teaching discourses generally) | Background reference. |
| seed_of_david | sămânța lui David | Medium | (thematic parallel to 1:32,69; 2:4,11; not the identical phrase but the same covenant background) | See “Son of David” NEW entry below for the specific Lukan title form. |
Part B — New Terms Introduced by Luke (Proposed for Theologian Review)
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Proposed Romanian | Doctrine | Risk | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Mântuitor | Jesus as Savior for All Nations | Critical | 1:47; 2:11 | ”eliberator” (too generic; loses the mântuire root connection) | Built transparently on baseline mântuire; the imperial-cult “sōtēr” collision (Caesar as savior) should be taught even though it does not directly threaten the Romanian term itself. |
| poor | πτωχός | ptōchos | săracii | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | High | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | ”sărac cu duhul” (spiritualized, wrong register — that is a distinct Matthean phrase) | Must retain concrete economic-social force; do not domesticate into a passive object of almsgiving alone. |
| captives | αἰχμάλωτος | aichmalōtos | robi / captivi | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | Medium | 4:18 | — | Avoid a purely literal-carceral-only reading that excludes the broader liberative force the sermon’s healing/exorcism ministry demonstrates. |
| oppressed | τεθραυσμένος | tethrausmenos | asupriți / cei zdrobiți | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | Medium | 4:18 | ”cei cu inima frântă” (too purely emotional; loses the social-oppression dimension) | Preserve the “crushed by others’ action” sense. |
| liberty / release (in captivity sense) | ἄφεσις | aphesis | eliberare | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized / Kingdom Present and Future | Critical | 4:18 | — | Same Greek lexeme as “forgiveness” (see below); Romanian requires two different words — record this wordplay explicitly in teaching notes. |
| forgiveness (of sins) | ἄφεσις (ἁμαρτιῶν) | aphesis (hamartiōn) | iertare (a păcatelor) | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | Critical | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 24:47 | ”eliberare” (correct for 4:18’s captivity sense, but wrong register here) | The other half of the ἄφεσις wordplay with 4:18; central to one of the eight curriculum doctrines. |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | pocăință | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | Critical | 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | ”regret” (too weak; misses decisive life-reorientation sense) | Distinguish from the narrower sacramental sense of “Taina Pocăinței” (confession before a priest); Luke’s usage is the broader, prior category of decisive heart-and-life turning available to every hearer. |
| baptism | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | botez / a boteza | (background to Repentance doctrine; distinct from later sacrament) | Critical | 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50 (metaphorical) | — | John’s baptism is preparatory/repentance-signifying; must be distinguished in teaching notes from the full Trinitarian sacrament without diminishing either. |
| anointed | χρίω | chriō | a unge | Messianic Promise / Holy Spirit’s Work | Critical | 4:18 | — | Root of “Christ/Mesia”; must not be collapsed into the sacramental anointing category (Chrismation, Unction) familiar from Orthodox practice. |
| Spirit of the Lord | πνεῦμα Κυρίου | pneuma Kyriou | Duhul Domnului | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Critical | 4:18 | — | Same Holy Spirit as baseline Duhul Sfânt; must not read as a lesser or different spirit-figure. |
| favored one / full of grace | κεχαριτωμένη | kecharitōmenē | ceea ce ești plină de har | Incarnation / (Mariology collision zone) | Critical | 1:28 | ”cea binecuvântată” (loses the direct har root connection) | Matches established Orthodox liturgical phrasing exactly; requires a note distinguishing the biblical claim (God’s grace enabling Mary’s vocation) from later devotional/dogmatic developments not asserted by the text. |
| mother of my Lord | ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ κυρίου μου | hē mētēr tou kyriou mou | mama Domnului meu | Incarnation / Deity of Christ / (Mariology collision zone) | Critical | 1:43 | — | Biblical seed of the later conciliar “Theotokos” title (a post-Lukan term); render literally, flag for theologian review given Marian devotional weight in Orthodox culture. |
| redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | răscumpărare | Jesus as Savior for All Nations / Kingdom Present and Future | Critical | 1:68; 21:28 | ”eliberare” (already assigned to the distinct ἄφεσις term above; must not overlap) | New concept absent from the Romans TM entirely; must remain lexically consistent between 1:68 and 21:28. |
| horn of salvation | κέρας σωτηρίας | keras sōtērias | un corn de mântuire / un izvor de mântuire | Messianic Promise | High | 1:69 | literal-only rendering without explanatory note (opaque idiom) | Requires explanatory teaching note; built on baseline mântuire. |
| tender mercy | σπλάγχνα ἐλέους | splanchna eleous | îndurarea plină de milă | Jesus’ Compassion | Medium | 1:78 | a coldly forensic rendering losing the visceral force | Previews the compassion doctrine developed narratively later. |
| humble estate / humility (social sense) | ταπείνωσις / ταπεινός | tapeinōsis / tapeinos | starea de smerenie / cei smeriți | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | Medium-High | 1:48,52; 14:11; 18:14 | pure ascetical-virtue-only reading | Distinguish Luke’s social-reversal sense from the narrower Orthodox ascetical-virtue sense of “smerenie,” without denying the latter is also a legitimate, related theme (14:11). |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | milă / îndurare | Jesus’ Compassion | Medium | 1:50,54,58,72,78; 10:37; 15:20; 18:38-39 | conflating fully with har/grace | Keep distinct from grace: mercy withholds deserved judgment; grace bestows undeserved favor. |
| Savior/Christ the Lord | Χριστὸς Κύριος | Christos Kyrios | Hristos, Domnul | Messianic Promise / Lordship of Christ | Critical | 2:11 | — | Combines two baseline terms (Mesia-family “Hristos” + Domnul); both must appear without qualification. |
| Passover | πάσχα | pascha | Paști (festivalul iudaic) | Fulfillment of Prophecy (background) | Medium | 2:41; 22:1,7-8,11,13,15 | conflating fully with Christian Easter/Pascha without distinction | Shares a Romanian root with the central Christian feast; teach the Jewish-feast/Christian-feast distinction explicitly. |
| tax collector | τελώνης | telōnēs | vameș | Table Fellowship with Sinners | Medium | 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2,7-8 | — | Standard, well-established Romanian term; socially despised occupational class central to the table-fellowship doctrine. |
| devil / tempter | διάβολος | diabolos | diavolul | (background to Kingdom doctrine; spiritual conflict) | High | 4:2-13; 8:12; 22:3,31 | folkloric “drac” register | Keep personal and morally serious, not folkloric. |
| worship (exclusive, due to God) | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | a se închina | (Kingdom of God; implicit Christology) | High | 4:7-8; 24:52 | — | Affirms worship due to God alone per Jesus’s own claim in 4:8; does not adjudicate the separate Orthodox veneration-vs-worship distinction, which this text does not address. |
| authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | putere / autoritate | (Christology; background to Kingdom doctrine) | Medium-High | 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 20:2,8; 22:53 | — | Recurs as a major structural theme across the Gospel. |
| follow (discipleship) | ἀκολουθέω | akoloutheō | a urma / a veni după | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | High | 5:11,27-28; 9:23,57-62; 18:22,28 | mere admiration/approval, without full life-reorientation | Central discipleship-call verb. |
| sinner | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlos | păcătos | Table Fellowship with Sinners | High | 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 | — | Built on baseline păcat root; direct object of Jesus’s table fellowship throughout Luke. |
| blessed (beatitude) | μακάριος | makarios | ferice de / fericiți | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | Critical | 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:28; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29 | present material/emotional-happiness-only reading | Must be distinguished from εὐλογημένος (benedictory “blessed,” 19:38) — two distinct Greek words requiring translator awareness even where Romanian may naturally use related vocabulary for both. |
| woe | οὐαί | ouai | vai | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized (reversal theme) | High | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22 | mild regret, softened tone | Paired structurally with beatitudes; must retain full prophetic-judgment force. |
| love your enemies | ἀγαπάω (τοὺς ἐχθρούς) | agapaō | a iubi (pe vrăjmași) | (ethical teaching; background to Kingdom doctrine) | High | 6:27,35 | mere tolerance | Central ethical instruction using self-giving ἀγάπη-love. |
| compassion (visceral) | σπλαγχνίζομαι | splanchnizomai | i s-a făcut milă / a fost mișcat de milă | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship | High | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | a purely cognitive/sentimental “milă” alone | Central verb of the Compassion doctrine; recurs at the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal’s father. |
| widow | χήρα | chēra | văduvă | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | Medium | 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4 | — | Socioeconomically vulnerable class. |
| save (verb) | σῴζω | sōzō | a mântui | Jesus as Savior / Salvation | Critical | 7:50; 8:12,36,48,50; 9:24; 13:23; 17:19; 18:26,42; 19:10; 23:35,37,39 | — | Verbal form of baseline noun mântuire; must be recognizably the same root throughout. |
| word of God | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | logos tou theou | Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu | Fulfillment of Prophecy (background) | Medium | 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28 | — | Foundational to the Sower parable. |
| parable | παραβολή | parabolē | pildă | (teaching form; background to Kingdom doctrine) | Medium | 5:36; 6:39; 8:4-15; 12:16-21,41; 13:6-9,18-21; 14:7; 15:3-32; 18:1-14; 19:11-27; 20:9-19; 21:29-31 | fabulă / proverb (wrong genre category) | Deliberately conceals as much as it reveals per Luke 8:10. |
| Transfiguration | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | a se schimba la față | (Christology; doctrinal asset) | Medium | 9:29 | — | Grounds the established Orthodox feast “Schimbarea la Față”; asset, like înviere. |
| take up his cross | σταυρός | stauros | cruce | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | Critical | 9:23; 14:27; 23:26 | vague metaphor for minor inconvenience | Must retain full, costly, self-denying force; unique Lukan emphasis on “daily” (9:23). |
| deny himself | ἀπαρνέομαι | aparneomai | a se lepăda de sine | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | High | 9:23; 12:9; 22:34,61 (Peter’s denial, related verb) | — | Strong, decisive self-renunciation. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | Fiul Omului | Messianic Promise / Deity and Humanity of Christ | Critical | ~25 occurrences throughout, e.g., 5:24; 6:5; 9:22,26,44,58; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 | — | Must never be merged with or substituted for Fiul lui Dumnezeu; two distinct, both messianically loaded, titles. |
| kingdom has come near | ἐγγίζω | engizō | s-a apropiat | Kingdom of God Present and Future | Critical | 10:9,11; 21:8,20,28,31 (thematically related) | fully “has arrived” (overresolves the ambiguity) / fully “is imminent only” (underresolves it) | Preserve the productive present/imminent ambiguity; do not resolve prematurely. |
| neighbor | πλησίον | plēsion | aproapele | Savior for All Nations and All People | Medium | 10:27,29,36 | — | Redefined across ethnic/religious boundaries by the Good Samaritan. |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης | Samaritēs | samarinean | Savior for All Nations and All People | Medium | 10:33; 17:16 | — | Historically despised out-group; requires background note for full impact. |
| prayer | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι | proseuchē / proseuchomai | rugăciune / a se ruga | Prayer and Dependence on God | High | 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:39-46 | — | Central to its own curriculum doctrine; complements rather than replaces baseline mijlocire. |
| daily bread | ἐπιούσιος (ἄρτος) | epiousios (artos) | pâinea cea de toate zilele | Prayer and Dependence on God | Medium-High | 11:3 | — | Genuinely rare/ambiguous Greek word; established liturgical Romanian phrasing already fixed, used identically in the Divine Liturgy. |
| blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα | blasphēmia | hulă împotriva Duhului Sfânt | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Critical | 12:10 | — | Requires pastorally careful framing to avoid inducing unwarranted despair. |
| lost | ἀπόλλυμι (ἀπολωλός) | apollymi | pierdut | Repentance and Forgiveness / Compassion | High | 15:4,6,9,17,24,32; 19:10 | — | Organizing metaphor of Luke 15; direct object of Jesus’s mission statement (19:10). |
| rejoice / joy | χαρά / χαίρω | chara / chairō | bucurie / a se bucura | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | High | 1:14,44; 2:10; 6:23; 10:17,20-21; 15:5-10,32; 19:6,37; 24:41,52 | mere pleasant feeling | Specific, exuberant, often heaven-originated celebration, not generic contentment. |
| mammon | μαμωνᾶς | mamōnas | mamona | (background to Cost of Discipleship / stewardship) | Medium | 16:9,11,13 | ”banii”/“avuția” (loses the personified-rival-master force) | Aramaic loanword retained per established Romanian Bible tradition. |
| Hades | ᾅδης | hadēs | locuința morților / Hades | (afterlife destiny; background to Kingdom Future) | Critical | 16:23 | direct identification with the folk “vămile văzduhului” tradition | Must not be read as endorsing the extra-biblical toll-house tradition. |
| Abraham’s bosom | κόλπος Ἀβραάμ | kolpos Abraam | sânul lui Avraam | (afterlife destiny; background) | Medium | 16:22 | — | Recognizable Romanian idiom as well. |
| kingdom is in your midst | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν | entos hymōn | în mijlocul vostru | Kingdom of God Present and Future | Critical | 17:21 | ”înăuntrul vostru” (purely interior reading, considered but not preferred) | Favor the communal/relational-presence sense per majority scholarly reading. |
| ”be merciful to me, a sinner” (propitiation root) | ἱλάσκομαι (ἱλάσθητί) | hilasthēti | ai milă de mine, păcătosul | Repentance and Forgiveness / (Atonement background) | Critical | 18:13 | a fully “propitiate” literal rendering (unnatural Romanian) | Shares root-family with Romans 3:25’s propitiation vocabulary; requires theologian note on the deeper sense beneath the natural Romanian idiom. |
| justified (verb) | δικαιόω (δεδικαιωμένος) | dikaioō | îndreptățit | Justification by Faith | Critical | 18:14 | — | Reuses baseline noun root exactly; only explicit verbal justification statement in Luke. |
| Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | huios Dauid | Fiul lui David | Messianic Promise / Davidic Covenant | High | 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | — | Reuses baseline david; connects to baseline davidic_covenant/seed_of_david doctrines. |
| body / blood (words of institution) | σῶμα / αἷμα | sōma / haima | trupul Meu / sângele Meu | (Eucharistic theology; new collision zone) | Critical | 22:19-20 | a forced memorial-only or forced transubstantiation-only gloss | Use established Divine Liturgy phrasing; render faithfully without resolving the real-presence question beyond what Luke’s text itself states. |
| do this in remembrance | ἀνάμνησις | anamnēsis | întru pomenirea Mea | (Eucharistic theology; doctrinal asset) | Critical | 22:19 | — | Matches the Orthodox Anaphora’s own liturgical wording exactly. |
| crucify | σταυρόω | stauroō | a răstigni | (Christology; the Passion) | Critical | 23:21,23,33 | — | Verbal form of cruce, now the literal historical event. |
| paradise | παράδεισος | paradeisos | rai | (afterlife destiny; assurance of salvation) | Critical | 23:43 | — | Immediate assurance to the repentant criminal; avoid over-systematizing beyond the text. |
| ascension | ἀναλαμβάνω (ἀνελήμφθη) | analambanō | S-a înălțat | (Christology; doctrinal asset) | Critical | 24:51 | — | Grounds the established Orthodox feast “Înălțarea Domnului”; precision, not persuasion, is the task. |
Part C — Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- ἄφεσις wordplay (4:18 vs. 1:77/3:3/24:47): Romanian necessarily splits this single Greek lexeme into “eliberare” (captivity/liberty sense) and “iertare” (sin/forgiveness sense). Both must be recorded as translating the same underlying term so curriculum teaching material can make Luke’s deliberate wordplay explicit even where the Romanian text itself cannot.
- πληρόω bookend (4:21 vs. 24:44): Both occurrences of “fulfilled” must use the identical Romanian verb form (“s-a împlinit” / “trebuie să se împlinească”) to preserve Luke’s deliberate framing device.
- ἀνοίγω/διανοίγω bookend (“opened,” 4:17 vs. 24:31,45): Should use a consistent Romanian verb family (“a deschide”) across both occurrences.
- σῴζω consistency: All occurrences of the verb “to save” (7:50; 8:12,36,48,50; 9:24; 17:19; 18:42; 19:10; 23:35,37,39) must render with the same Romanian verb root as baseline noun
mântuire. - Fiul Omului vs. Fiul lui Dumnezeu: These two Christological titles must never be merged, substituted for one another, or rendered with overlapping Romanian vocabulary.
- Răscumpărare consistency (1:68 vs. 21:28): Both occurrences of the redemption word-family (λύτρωσις/ἀπολύτρωσις) must use the same Romanian root.
- Two distinct “blessed” words: μακάριος (beatitude, 6:20-22 etc.) and εὐλογημένος (benediction, 19:38) must be tracked separately even if Romanian renderings are lexically related, to avoid confusing the Beatitudes’ eschatological-reversal sense with the Triumphal Entry’s benedictory sense.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:28,30; 2:40; 4:19,22. ‘Full of grace’ (1:28) and ‘the year of the Lord’s favor’ (4:19, core passage) both root in this Critical term; the Orthodox liturgical greeting to Mary (‘Bucură-te, ceea ce ești plină de har’) gives this term exceptional devotional density in Luke 1-2 — see ‘favored_one’ below.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: dreptate
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dreptate câștigată exclusiv prin efort moral propriu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:6; 18:9-14 (the Pharisee’s self-assessed righteousness, explicitly rejected by the parable); 23:47 (δίκαιος, the centurion’s confession).
Justification
Approved rendering: îndreptățire
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: transformare treptată exclusiv, fără niciun aspect de declarație
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: the verbal cognate δεδικαιωμένος appears at Luca 18:14 — see new entry ‘justified,’ which must reuse this noun’s root exactly (‘îndreptățit’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9-10. Central noun of Luke’s soteriology; verbal form σῴζω (‘a mântui,’ see new entry ‘save’) and agent-title σωτήρ (‘Mântuitor,’ see new entry ‘savior’) are both built transparently on this root.
Saints
Approved rendering: sfinți
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: sfinți canonizați, venerați prin icoane și moaște, invocați ca mijlocitori
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Not a prominent distinct noun in Luke’s own text, but the baseline caution applies fully to any derivative Luke teaching material that uses the corporate-believer sense.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: înviere
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 9:22; 14:14; 18:33; 20:27-38 (Sadducee debate); 24:1-46 (climactic). Doctrinal asset per baseline note; Luke 24 requires the same bodily, historical precision the term already carries liturgically, guarding against drift toward folk spiritual-survival readings.
Lord
Approved rendering: Domnul
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:43; 2:11; 6:5; 10:1; 19:38; 20:41-44; 24:3,34. Combines with ‘Hristos’ in the compound title at 2:11 — see new entry ‘christ_the_lord.‘
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fiul lui Dumnezeu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: fiu al lui Dumnezeu în sensul generic aplicat oricărui credincios
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:32,35; 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70. MUST be visually/grammatically distinguished both from lowercase generic ‘fiu al lui Dumnezeu’ applied to Adam (Luca 3:38, mere creaturely origin) and from the wholly separate title ‘Fiul Omului’ (Son of Man) — see new entry ‘son_of_man.‘
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesia
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46 — same rendering used consistently through the Passion and Emmaus narratives.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Orthodox Synodal spelling retained exactly throughout Luke, per baseline standard.
God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Standard and unambiguous throughout Luke.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke is the most Spirit-saturated Gospel: Luca 1:15,35,41,67,80; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49. Must be explicitly cross-referenced to the Isaianic phrase ‘Duhul Domnului’ — see new entry ‘spirit_of_the_lord.‘
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 2:49; 6:36; 10:21-22; 11:2,13; 22:42; 23:34,46; 24:49 (God as Father); also the human father in the Prodigal Son (15:11-32), requiring context-sensitive but non-conflicting rendering.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: dreptate imputată
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: îndreptățire doar ca transformare ontologică, fără niciun aspect juridic sau declarat
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). No direct verbatim occurrence in Luke, but connects to Luke’s sole explicit justification-verb at 18:14 (‘îndreptățit’) — see new entry ‘justified.’ Retained for cross-curriculum doctrinal consistency.
Savior
Approved rendering: Mântuitor
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Rejected alternatives: eliberator (too generic; loses the mântuire root connection)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 1:47; 2:11. Built transparently on baseline root ‘mântuire.’ Risk is contextual, not lexical: Romanian Orthodox identity’s historic fusion with national identity (‘neam românesc’) risks quietly bounding this universal title to an ethnically Orthodox in-group unless taught explicitly as crossing Jew/Gentile and rich/poor lines at every occurrence. The imperial-cult ‘sōtēr’ collision (Caesar as savior) should also be taught.
Liberty Release
Approved rendering: eliberare
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: iertare (reserved for the sin-forgiveness sense elsewhere; must not overlap here)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Luca 4:18 (core passage, ἄφεσις). The same Greek word Luke elsewhere renders ‘forgiveness of sins’ (see ‘forgiveness’ below); Romanian must split one Greek lexeme into two words. MANDATORY teaching note: both ‘eliberare’ (4:18) and ‘iertare’ (1:77; 3:3; 24:47) translate the same underlying Greek term ἄφεσις — record this wordplay explicitly. Highest-ranked linguistic ambiguity in the Luke curriculum; Critical, human theologian review mandatory.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: iertare
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: eliberare (correct for 4:18’s captivity sense, but wrong register here)
Original: ἄφεσις (ἁμαρτιῶν)
Category: Repentance
NEW. Luca 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 24:47. The other half of the ἄφεσις wordplay with 4:18 (see ‘liberty_release’). Central to the curriculum doctrine of Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pocăință
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: regret (too weak; misses decisive life-reorientation sense), exclusiv Taina Pocăinței (narrowing to sacramental confession only)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Repentance
NEW. Luca 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47. Romanian Orthodox culture holds an established, sacramentally-anchored category, ‘Taina Pocăinței’ (Confession before a priest); this risks narrowing Luke’s universal, immediate call to decisive heart-and-life turning into merely ‘going to confession.’ Requires an explicit teaching note at every occurrence distinguishing the broader biblical category without denying the sacrament’s legitimacy.
Baptism
Approved rendering: botez / a boteza
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: identificare deplină, fără distincție, cu Taina Botezului creștin
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Repentance
NEW. Luca 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50 (metaphorical). John’s baptism is preparatory and repentance-signifying, explicitly distinguished in the text itself (3:16) from the coming baptism ‘with the Holy Spirit and fire.’ Must be presented accurately without diminishing or anachronistically inflating it into the later Christian sacrament (Taina Botezului), which Orthodox theology holds to be regenerative.
Anointed
Approved rendering: a unge
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: ungere sacramentală (Taina Mirungerii / Taina Sfântului Maslu) ca sens principal
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 4:18 (core passage, χρίω). The verbal root of ‘Hristos/Mesia.’ Orthodox liturgical life uses ‘ungere’ extensively for Chrismation and Anointing of the Sick; this verse’s christological anointing (establishing Jesus as the unique Anointed One) must not be collapsed into, or overshadowed by, those sacramental categories. Requires a translator note.
Spirit Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Duhul Domnului
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: un duh distinct sau inferior Duhului Sfânt
Original: πνεῦμα Κυρίου
Category: God
NEW. Luca 4:18 (core passage, Isaiah 61:1 LXX phrasing, πνεῦμα Κυρίου). Must be recognized by readers as the same ‘Duhul Sfânt’ of the baseline package, not a lesser or different spirit-figure. MANDATORY standing cross-reference note at every occurrence.
Favored One
Approved rendering: ceea ce ești plină de har
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: cea binecuvântată (loses the direct ‘har’ root connection)
Original: κεχαριτωμένη
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 1:28 (κεχαριτωμένη). Matches established Orthodox liturgical phrasing (‘Bucură-te, ceea ce ești plină de har’) exactly — an asset (deep cultural resonance) and a hazard (risk of importing later Marian dogma — sinlessness, co-mediatorial status — not asserted by the text). Requires a translator note distinguishing the verse’s actual claim (God’s unmerited favor enabling Mary’s vocation) from later devotional/dogmatic accretions.
Mother Of My Lord
Approved rendering: mama Domnului meu
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: introducerea anticipată a titlului conciliar ‘Theotokos’, absent din text
Original: ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ κυρίου μου
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 1:43 (ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ κυρίου μου). The biblical seed of the later conciliar title ‘Theotokos,’ which postdates Luke; render literally, reusing baseline ‘Domnul.’ Flag for theologian review given its centrality to Orthodox Mariology.
Redemption
Approved rendering: răscumpărare
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Rejected alternatives: eliberare (already assigned to the distinct ἄφεσις term; must not overlap)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Luca 1:68 (λύτρωσις, Benedictus) and 21:28 (ἀπολύτρωσις, Olivet Discourse); must remain lexically consistent between the two occurrences. Genuinely new concept absent from the Romans TM entirely.
Christ The Lord
Approved rendering: Hristos, Domnul
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστὸς Κύριος
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 2:11 (Χριστὸς Κύριος). Compound title combining two baseline terms (‘Mesia’-family ‘Hristos’ + ‘Domnul’); both must appear together without qualification.
Blessed
Approved rendering: ferice de / fericiți
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: stare de bunăstare materială sau emoțională prezentă
Original: μακάριος
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:28; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29 (μακάριος). An objective, eschatologically-grounded state of divine favor, not subjective present happiness — the Beatitudes’ own content (poverty, hunger, weeping) directly contradicts a present-well-being reading. Must be distinguished from the separate benedictory term εὐλογημένος (‘binecuvântat,’ 19:38) — see cross-reference note.
Save
Approved rendering: a mântui
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Luca 7:50; 8:12,36,48,50; 9:24; 13:23; 17:19; 18:26,42; 19:10; 23:35,37,39 (σῴζω). Verbal form of baseline noun ‘mântuire’; must be recognizably the same root throughout, unifying the healing-faith formula and the fully soteriological sense.
Cross
Approved rendering: cruce
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: metaforă vagă pentru un inconvenient minor
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Luca 9:23 (uniquely adding ‘daily,’ καθ’ ἡμέραν); 14:27; 23:26 (σταυρός). Genuinely new discipleship-cost term absent from the Romans TM. Must retain full, costly, self-denying force; ‘cruce’s’ heavy devotional-object associations (icons, worn crosses) risk dulling the original shock and must be countered with explicit teaching notes.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Fiul Omului
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: confundare cu ‘Fiul lui Dumnezeu’
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. Approximately 25 occurrences throughout Luke, e.g., 5:24; 6:5; 9:22,26,44,58; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 (υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου). Luke’s most frequent Christological self-designation, drawing on Daniel 7:13-14. Must NEVER be merged with or substituted for ‘Fiul lui Dumnezeu’ — two distinct, both messianically loaded, titles.
Kingdom Come Near
Approved rendering: s-a apropiat
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: ‘a venit pe deplin’ (over-resolves the ambiguity), ‘este doar iminentă’ (under-resolves the ambiguity)
Original: ἐγγίζω
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Luca 10:9,11; thematically related 21:8,20,28,31 (ἐγγίζω). Genuinely ambiguous in the Greek between ‘has arrived/is present’ and ‘is imminent/about to arrive.’ The Romanian rendering must preserve this productive ambiguity rather than resolving it prematurely toward either pole. Ranked among the highest-risk linguistic ambiguities in this curriculum; flag for theologian review whenever it recurs.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: hulă împotriva Duhului Sfânt
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα
Category: God
NEW. Luca 12:8-10 (βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα). Describes a decisive, willful, final rejection of the Spirit’s witness to Christ, not careless remarks or momentary doubt. Requires careful, pastorally sensitive framing to avoid inducing unwarranted spiritual despair, a well-documented pastoral hazard.
Hades
Approved rendering: locuința morților / Hades
Doctrine: Afterlife and the Intermediate State
Rejected alternatives: identificare directă cu tradiția populară a ‘vămilor văzduhului’
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Luca 16:23 (ᾅδης). Romanian Orthodox popular piety carries an extensive folk tradition of the soul’s post-mortem toll-house journey, widespread devotionally but extra-biblical; this text must not be read as endorsing that tradition. Requires a translator/theologian note clarifying the parable’s real moral-accounting point without over-systematizing.
Kingdom In Midst
Approved rendering: în mijlocul vostru
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: înăuntrul vostru (interior-only reading, considered but not preferred)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Luca 17:21 (ἐντὸς ὑμῶν). Genuinely and famously ambiguous between ‘within/inside you’ and ‘in your midst/among you.’ Favor the communal/relational-presence sense per majority scholarly reading, while recording the rejected alternative per the ambiguity-handling protocol.
Propitiation Plea
Approved rendering: ai milă de mine, păcătosul
Doctrine: Atonement and Propitiation
Rejected alternatives: redare literală ‘fii împăcat față de mine’ (română nenaturală)
Original: ἱλάσκομαι (ἱλάσθητί)
Category: Repentance
NEW. Luca 18:13 (ἱλάσκομαι/ἱλάσθητί). Shares root-family with Romans 3:25’s propitiation vocabulary. The natural, idiomatic Romanian rendering is pastorally correct but linguistically flattens the propitiatory nuance (a plea for God’s wrath to be appeased, not only for kindness); requires a translator note explaining the deeper root sense without forcing an artificial phrase.
Justified
Approved rendering: îndreptățit
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: δικαιόω (δεδικαιωμένος)
Category: Salvation
NEW. Luca 18:14 (δεδικαιωμένος). Luke’s only explicit use of the justification-declaring verb; must be rendered reusing the baseline noun root exactly, directly connecting this parable to the Romans curriculum’s central justification doctrine, without collapsing into self-achieved moral righteousness (explicitly rejected by the parable) or mere emotional relief.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: trupul Meu / sângele Meu
Doctrine: New Covenant and the Words of Institution
Rejected alternatives: interpretare exclusiv memorială sau exclusiv transubstanțială impusă asupra textului
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Sacraments
NEW. Luca 22:19-20 (σῶμα/αἷμα). An entirely new collision zone absent from Romans in narrative form. Romanian Orthodox sacramental theology holds a strong real-presence Eucharistic doctrine; render faithfully using established Divine Liturgy phrasing, without either overriding the Orthodox sacramental reading or artificially imposing a memorial-only reading foreign to Luke’s own text.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: întru pomenirea Mea
Doctrine: New Covenant and the Words of Institution
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Sacraments
NEW. Luca 22:19 (ἀνάμνησις). This exact phrase is already quoted verbatim in the Orthodox Divine Liturgy’s Anaphora, giving Romanian Orthodox hearers immediate, precise liturgical recognition — a doctrinal asset comparable to the baseline’s treatment of ‘înviere.’ Flag for theologian review given the Eucharistic-theology stakes riding on this phrase.
Crucify
Approved rendering: a răstigni
Doctrine: Atonement and Propitiation
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 23:21,23,33 (σταυρόω). Standard, unambiguous Romanian rendering; verbal form of ‘cruce,’ now the literal historical event.
Paradise
Approved rendering: rai
Doctrine: Afterlife and the Intermediate State
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Luca 23:43 (παράδεισος, ‘today you will be with me in paradise’). As with ‘Hades,’ touches immediate post-mortem destiny and risks entanglement with the extra-biblical toll-house tradition. Requires a translator note affirming the immediate assurance of grace given the repentant criminal without over-systematizing into a full doctrine of the intermediate state.
Ascension
Approved rendering: S-a înălțat
Doctrine: Ascension
Original: ἀναλαμβάνω (ἀνελήμφθη)
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 24:50-53 (ἀναλαμβάνω/ἀνελήμφθη). Doctrinal asset: grounds the established Orthodox feast ‘Înălțarea Domnului.’ Translation task is precision — a real, bodily, historical departure inaugurating Christ’s heavenly reign and the promised Spirit — not persuasion.
Today
Approved rendering: Astăzi
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: reformulare liturgică atemporală, deconectată de auditorii istorici reali
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Luca 4:21 (core passage, σήμερον); also 2:11; 19:5,9; 23:43. A distinctively Lukan salvation-historical marker; must be rendered with full force as a real, historical, present-tense claim to Jesus’s actual hearers. Orthodox liturgical ‘today’ formulas (e.g., Nativity hymnody) are an asset that can reinforce, not dilute, this point once taught explicitly.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: s-a împlinit
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: timp trecut simplu, închis, fără forță prezentă abidingă, speranță pur viitoare, fără împlinire prezentă
Original: πληρόω (πεπλήρωται)
Category: Covenant
NEW. Luca 4:21 (core passage, πεπλήρωται) and its deliberate bookend at 24:44, which MUST use the identical Romanian verb form. The perfect tense must convey decisive fulfillment with abiding present force, not a closed simple past nor a merely future hope.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: legământul cel nou
Doctrine: New Covenant and the Words of Institution
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Sacraments
NEW. Luca 22:20 (καινὴ διαθήκη). Reuses baseline ‘legământ’ plus ‘nou’; as a compound carries the full Eucharistic-theology stakes documented under ‘body_and_blood.‘
Sword Pierce Soul
Approved rendering: o sabie va străpunge sufletul tău
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: dezvoltarea unei teologii de co-suferință/co-mediatoare neafirmată de text
Original: ῥομφαία
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 2:35 (ῥομφαία, Simeon’s prophecy). Given the Marian collision zone flagged throughout chapters 1-2, must be translated plainly as prophetic anguish without amplifying it into a developed co-suffering/co-redemptrix theology the text itself does not assert.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evanghelie
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: verbal form εὐαγγελίζομαι (Luca 4:18; 8:1; 9:6; 20:1) must derive visibly from this noun root — see new entry ‘gospel_verb.’ Luke 4:18 is the Gospel’s first Lukan definition: good news specifically to the poor, not a generic uplifting message.
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:5-6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32. Luke’s recurring healing-faith formula (‘your faith has saved/healed you’) must use the same verb root as ‘a mântui’ — see new entry ‘save.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: chemare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: underlies Luke’s discipleship-call narratives (5:1-11,27-28; 9:57-62; 10:1-12) even where the distinct noun is not used; guard against ‘chemare monahală’ narrowing the universal call dramatized in these scenes, per doctrine ‘Divine Calling to Discipleship.‘
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sfințire
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:75; 3:8 (‘fruit worthy of repentance’); 6:43-45. Luke emphasizes visible, Spirit-produced life-change more than the technical noun itself — see doctrine ‘Sanctification and Holiness.‘
Incarnation
Approved rendering: întrupare
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:26-38; 2:1-20 are Luke’s primary Incarnation texts and also the location of the curriculum’s densest Marian-collision material (see ‘favored_one,’ ‘mother_of_my_lord,’ ‘sword_pierce_soul’).
Law
Approved rendering: lege
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 2:22-27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ascultarea credinței
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ascultare de rânduielile bisericești
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). No direct verbatim Lukan parallel, but the underlying concept (obedience flowing from faith rather than ritual compliance) illuminates Luke’s own repentance/faith teaching; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Covenant
Approved rendering: legământ
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contract legal
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:72 (Zechariah’s prophecy) and 22:20 (the new covenant in Christ’s blood, combined with ‘nou’ — see new entry ‘new_covenant’).
Election
Approved rendering: alegere
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Thematic only in Luke; not a prominent distinct noun.
Intercession
Approved rendering: mijlocire
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: mijlocirea exclusivă a sfinților și a Maicii Domnului
Original: ὑπερεντυγχάνει / ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke emphasizes direct personal prayer (see new entry ‘prayer’) more than intercessory-mediator language; guard against a saint/Marian-default reading if invoked alongside Luke’s Marian passages (chs. 1-2).
Gospel Verb
Approved rendering: a vesti Evanghelia
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: veste bună generică, neconectată la rădăcina ‘evanghelie’
Original: εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Luca 4:18 (εὐαγγελίσασθαι, core passage); 8:1; 9:6; 20:1. Verbal form of baseline noun ‘evanghelie’; must derive visibly from that root so the gospel is defined, from its first Lukan occurrence, as specifically good news to the poor, not a generic uplifting message.
Poor
Approved rendering: săracii
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: sărac cu duhul (spiritualized Matthean phrase, wrong register, absent here)
Original: πτωχός
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 4:18 (core passage); 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3. Romania’s almsgiving tradition (‘milostenie’) risks domesticating ‘săraci’ into passive charity-objects rather than dignified kingdom-participants. Must retain concrete economic-social force.
Horn Of Salvation
Approved rendering: un corn de mântuire
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: redare literală fără notă explicativă (idiom opac în română)
Original: κέρας σωτηρίας
Category: Salvation
NEW. Luca 1:69 (κέρας σωτηρίας). A Hebraic idiom (cf. Psalm 18:2) for royal-messianic saving strength; opaque in Romanian without an explanatory note. Built on baseline ‘mântuire.‘
Humility Social
Approved rendering: starea de smerenie / cei smeriți
Doctrine: Humility and Social Reversal
Rejected alternatives: citire exclusiv ascetică-virtuoasă, fără dimensiunea răsturnării sociale
Original: ταπείνωσις / ταπεινός
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 1:48,52; 14:11; 18:14 (ταπείνωσις/ταπεινός). Romanian ‘smerenie’ is a deeply established Orthodox ascetical-spiritual virtue; Luke’s usage here is primarily God’s reversal of social status, a distinct though related sense that must not collapse entirely into the narrower personal-virtue category (which 14:11 does legitimately also commend).
Devil
Approved rendering: diavolul
Doctrine: Christ’s Authority Over Spiritual Forces
Rejected alternatives: drac (folkloric register)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW. Luca 4:2-13; 8:12; 22:3,31 (διάβολος). Romanian folk culture carries a rich, sometimes folkloric ‘diavol/drac’ vocabulary; the biblical category must remain personal, morally serious, and doctrinally precise, not a folkloric bogeyman figure.
Worship
Approved rendering: a se închina
Doctrine: Worship Due to God Alone
Rejected alternatives: adjudicarea disputei ortodoxe venerare/închinare (proskynesis/latria), pe care textul însuși nu o abordează
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: God
NEW. Luca 4:7-8; 24:52 (προσκυνέω). Affirms worship due to God alone per Jesus’s own emphatic claim (4:8); does not adjudicate the separate historical Orthodox veneration-vs-worship debate regarding icons and saints, which this text does not address. Requires a translator note.
Authority
Approved rendering: putere / autoritate
Doctrine: Christ’s Authority Over Spiritual Forces
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 20:2,8; 22:53 (ἐξουσία). Recurs as a major structural theme distinguishing Jesus’s teaching and exorcism authority from mere impressive rhetoric.
Follow
Approved rendering: a urma / a veni după
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: simplă admirație pentru un învățător, fără reorientare totală a vieții
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Luca 5:11,27-28; 9:23,57-62; 18:22,28 (ἀκολουθέω). Central discipleship-call verb, illustrated by Levi leaving his tax booth immediately (5:28) — total reorientation of life, not partial commitment.
Sinner
Approved rendering: păcătos
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
NEW. Luca 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 (ἁμαρτωλός). Built on baseline ‘păcat’ root; the direct object of Jesus’s table fellowship throughout Luke.
Woe
Approved rendering: vai
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: regret ușor, ton îndulcit
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Luca 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22 (οὐαί). Structurally paired with the Beatitudes; must retain full prophetic-judgment force.
Love Enemies
Approved rendering: a iubi (pe vrăjmași)
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: simplă toleranță
Original: ἀγαπάω (τοὺς ἐχθρούς)
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Luca 6:27,35 (ἀγαπάω τοὺς ἐχθρούς). Central ethical instruction using self-giving ἀγάπη-love; must not be diluted into mere tolerance.
Compassion
Approved rendering: i s-a făcut milă / a fost mișcat de milă
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: milă pur cognitivă/sentimentală, fără acțiune
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
NEW. Luca 7:13 (widow of Nain); 10:33 (Good Samaritan); 15:20 (Prodigal’s father) — σπλαγχνίζομαι. Central verb of the Compassion doctrine; bare ‘milă’ alone can understate the visceral, active dimension unless reinforced by a strong verb phrase.
Deny Self
Approved rendering: a se lepăda de sine
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Luca 9:23; 12:9; 22:34,61 (Peter’s denial, related verb) — ἀπαρνέομαι. Strong, decisive self-renunciation.
Prayer
Approved rendering: rugăciune / a se ruga
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
NEW. Luca 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:39-46 (προσευχή/προσεύχομαι). Central to its own curriculum doctrine; complements rather than replaces baseline ‘mijlocire’ (intercession) — must not let saint/Marian-intercession models displace the emphasis on Jesus’s own direct, dependent address to the Father.
Daily Bread
Approved rendering: pâinea noastră cea de toate zilele
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ἐπιούσιος (ἄρτος)
Category: Prayer
NEW. Luca 11:3 (ἐπιούσιος ἄρτος). A notoriously rare, genuinely disputed Greek adjective; the established, fixed Romanian liturgical phrasing used identically in the Orthodox Divine Liturgy’s own recitation of the Lord’s Prayer is a doctrinal asset requiring no translation innovation. Record the genuine semantic uncertainty for teaching purposes only.
Lost
Approved rendering: pierdut
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀπόλλυμι (ἀπολωλός)
Category: Repentance
NEW. Luca 15:4,6,9,17,24,32; 19:10 (ἀπόλλυμι/ἀπολωλός). Organizing metaphor of Luke 15’s three parables and the direct object of Jesus’s mission statement at 19:10.
Joy
Approved rendering: bucurie / a se bucura
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: simplă stare de bună dispoziție
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Luca 1:14,44; 2:10; 6:23; 10:17,20-21; 15:5-10,32; 19:6,37; 24:41,52 (χαρά/χαίρω). Not mere pleasant feeling but specific, exuberant, often heaven-originated celebration; must retain this theological weight whenever tied to repentance contexts or the resurrection appearances’ joy.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: Fiul lui David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 18:38-39; 20:41-44 (υἱὸς Δαυίδ). A messianic title tied to the Davidic covenant; reuses baseline ‘David’ and connects to baseline’s Davidic Covenant doctrine category.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Scriptura aceasta
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: referire vagă la ‘Biblia’ în general, fără legătură cu citatul din Isaia
Original: ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη
Category: Covenant
NEW. Luca 4:21 (core passage, ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη). Must be clearly tied to the specific Isaiah 61 citation just read, not treated as a vague general reference.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: chemat
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 5:32 (‘I have not come to call the righteous but sinners’); 14:7-24’s banquet-invitation vocabulary is related but uses a distinct Greek verb.
Holy
Approved rendering: sfânt
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:35,49,70,72; 2:23; 4:34.
Adoption
Approved rendering: înfiere
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: thematic parallel in the restored son of the Prodigal Son parable (15:11-32), though not the technical term.
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:79; 2:14,29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36. The angelic ‘peace on earth’ (2:14) is echoed at the Triumphal Entry (19:38, uniquely in Luke), a deliberate bookend.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: daruri duhovnicești
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: harisme rezervate în special stareților și duhovnicilor
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: thematic at 12:12 (the Spirit’s aid in testimony); not a distinct noun-list as in Romans 12.
Church
Approved rendering: Biserică
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Minimal in Luke itself; developed heavily in Luke’s sequel, Acts.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: împărăția lui Dumnezeu
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 4:43; 6:20; 7:28; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,27,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31-32; 13:18-29; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-25,29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18,29-30; 23:42,51 — Luke’s single most frequent theological term overall, central to the curriculum doctrine ‘The Kingdom of God Present and Future.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: păcat
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: extremely frequent (1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24,32; 7:47-49; 11:4; 15:7,10,18,21; 17:3-4; 24:47), underlying the Repentance and Forgiveness doctrine throughout.
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 2:9,14,32; 9:26,31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 21:27; 24:26. Doctrinal asset per baseline note, reinforced by Luke’s constant doxological usage.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: puterea lui Dumnezeu
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 24:49.
Providence
Approved rendering: pronia lui Dumnezeu
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: soartă, destin
Original: πρόνοια
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: thematic at 12:6-7,22-31 (‘you are of more value than many sparrows’).
Mission
Approved rendering: misiune
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 9:1-6 (the Twelve), 10:1-12 (the Seventy-Two), 24:47-49 (the final commissioning).
Abba
Approved rendering: Avva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). No direct occurrence in Luke’s own text (Luke 22:42 renders Jesus’s Gethsemane prayer as ‘Tată’ without the Aramaic term, unlike Mark 14:36); retained in translation memory for cross-curriculum consistency and any derivative teaching material connecting to Romans 8:15.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: sămânța lui David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Thematic parallel to Luca 1:32,69; 2:4,11; not the identical phrase but the same covenant background — see also new entry ‘son_of_david’ for the specific Lukan title form.
Captives
Approved rendering: robi / captivi
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: doar sensul strict carceral, excluzând forța eliberatoare mai largă demonstrată de vindecări și exorcisme
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 4:18 (core passage). Echoes Israel’s exile and anticipates the wider liberation (from sin, oppression, marginalization) Jesus’s ministry demonstrates.
Oppressed
Approved rendering: asupriți / cei zdrobiți
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: cei cu inima frântă (too purely emotional; loses the social-oppression dimension)
Original: τεθραυσμένος
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 4:18 (core passage). Choose a term conveying being crushed by others’ action, preserving the social-justice dimension Luke intends.
Tender Mercy
Approved rendering: îndurarea plină de milă
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: redare rece, exclusiv juridică, care pierde forța viscerală
Original: σπλάγχνα ἐλέους
Category: Compassion
NEW. Luca 1:78 (σπλάγχνα ἐλέους, lit. ‘bowels of mercy’). Previews the Compassion doctrine developed narratively later (7:13; 10:33; 15:20).
Mercy
Approved rendering: milă / îndurare
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: confundarea deplină cu harul (grace)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Compassion
NEW. Luca 1:50,54,58,72,78; 10:37; 15:20; 18:38-39 (ἔλεος). Keep distinct from baseline ‘har’/grace: mercy withholds deserved judgment, grace bestows undeserved favor.
Passover
Approved rendering: Paști (festivalul iudaic)
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: confundarea deplină, fără distincție, cu Paștele creștin (Învierea)
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
NEW. Luca 2:41; 22:1,7-8,11,13,15 (πάσχα). Shares a Romanian root with the central Christian feast of the Resurrection; teach the Jewish-feast/Christian-feast distinction explicitly at first occurrence.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: vameș
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2,7-8 (τελώνης). Standard, well-established Romanian term (also used in Orthodox liturgical readings, e.g., the Publican’s prayer); socially despised occupational class central to the table-fellowship doctrine.
Widow
Approved rendering: văduvă
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4 (χήρα). Socioeconomically vulnerable class frequently commended by Jesus’s teaching.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Faith
NEW. Luca 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28 (λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ). Foundational to the interpretation of the Sower parable.
Parable
Approved rendering: pildă
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: fabulă / proverb (categorie greșită de gen literar)
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Luca 5:36; 6:39; 8:4-15; 12:16-21,41; 13:6-9,18-21; 14:7; 15:3-32; 18:1-14; 19:11-27; 20:9-19; 21:29-31 (παραβολή). Distinct from a mere fable or proverb; deliberately conceals as much as it reveals per Luke 8:10.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: a se schimba la față
Doctrine: Transfiguration
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 9:28-36 (μεταμορφόω). Doctrinal asset: grounds the established Orthodox feast ‘Schimbarea la Față’ (Aug. 6); translation task is precision (a real, bodily manifestation of divine glory validating the suffering-Messiah predictions), not mere folk-festival association.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: aproapele
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: πλησίον
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 10:27,29,36 (πλησίον). Redefined across ethnic/religious boundary lines by the Good Samaritan; directly reinforces the universal-scope doctrine.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: samarinean
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 10:33; 17:16 (Σαμαρίτης). A Jewish-adjacent but historically despised ethnic-religious out-group; requires a background note (mutual Jewish-Samaritan hostility) for Romanian readers to feel the full shock, since no directly equivalent social category exists in modern Romanian context.
Mammon
Approved rendering: mamona
Doctrine: Stewardship and the Right Use of Possessions
Rejected alternatives: banii/avuția (loses the personified-rival-master force)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Luca 16:9,11,13 (μαμωνᾶς). Aramaic loanword retained per established Romanian Bible tradition (both Orthodox and Cornilescu retain it), functioning almost as a personified rival master to God.
Abrahams Bosom
Approved rendering: sânul lui Avraam
Doctrine: Afterlife and the Intermediate State
Original: κόλπος Ἀβραάμ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Luca 16:22 (κόλπος Ἀβραάμ). A recognizable idiom in Romanian as well; reuses the baseline proper-name convention for Abraham (‘Avraam’).
Sabbath
Approved rendering: ziua Sabatului / Sabatul
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: confundarea Sabatului cu Duminica
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
NEW. Luca 4:16 (core passage, σάββατον); 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6. Romanian Orthodox practice centers Sunday (‘Duminică’); must not let readers assume Sabbath equals Sunday, nor treat Sabbath-keeping as binding church practice — Luke narrates a Jewish institution Jesus engages on its own terms.
Most High
Approved rendering: Cel Preaînalt
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: Ὕψιστος
Category: God
NEW. Luca 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28 (Ὕψιστος). A standard, established Romanian liturgical divine title.
Leprosy
Approved rendering: lepros / lepră
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: λεπρός
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 5:12-14; 17:11-19 (λεπρός). Standard Romanian term carrying Levitical ritual-impurity and social-exclusion background; render with a note on ritual exclusion so the healing narratives’ social-reintegration significance is not lost.
Unclean Spirit
Approved rendering: duh necurat / demon
Doctrine: Christ’s Authority Over Spiritual Forces
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW. Luca 4:33,35,41; 8:26-39; 9:37-43; 11:14-26 (πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον/δαιμόνιον). Keep personal and morally serious, as with ‘diavolul,’ not folkloric.
Consolation Of Israel
Approved rendering: mângâierea lui Israel
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: παράκλησις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
NEW. Luca 2:25 (παράκλησις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ). Reuses baseline ‘Israel’; ties messianic hope to concrete national expectation later reframed in Luke-Acts to include the Gentiles (2:32).
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10. Unambiguous, standard.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: mulțumire
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 17:16 (the returning Samaritan leper); 18:11 (the Pharisee’s ironic use); 22:17,19 (the Last Supper).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: părtășie
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: comuniune (carries stronger Orthodox Eucharistic/liturgical association)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke’s own table-fellowship vocabulary typically uses συνεσθίω (‘to eat with’) rather than κοινωνία — see the new constructed phrase under ‘sinner’/‘tax_collector’ teaching notes for Luke’s more precise idiom.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: neamuri
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: păgâni (pejorative)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 (the Great-Commission-parallel ‘all nations’). Caution: shares a Romanian root with ‘neam’ (nation/ethnicity/kin), the very in-group category Luke’s universal-scope doctrine relativizes — see doctrine ‘Jesus as Savior for All Nations.‘
Prophet
Approved rendering: proroc
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:76; 3:4; 4:17,24,27; 7:16,26,39; 9:8,19; 13:33-34; 16:16,29,31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27,44.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prorocie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Zechariah’s Benedictus (1:67-79, thematic) and 24:25-27,44-45.
David
Approved rendering: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: frequent throughout (1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44) — the Davidic-messianic theme runs throughout Luke more than in Romans.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Luke context: Luca 1:54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 22:30; 24:21.
Exhort
Approved rendering: îndemna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Thematic in Luke’s teaching discourses generally.
Manger
Approved rendering: iesle
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: φάτνη
Category: Christology
NEW. Luca 2:7,12,16 (φάτνη). Major cultural/liturgical asset: central to Romanian Christmas (‘Nașterea Domnului’) iconography and hymnody.
Crippled And Lame
Approved rendering: neputincioși / șchiopi
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάπηρος / χωλός
Category: Marginalized
NEW. Luca 14:13,21 (ἀνάπηρος/χωλός). Together with ‘poor’ and ‘blind,’ forms Luke’s most explicit roster of the marginalized invited to full table fellowship in God’s kingdom, deliberately echoing the core passage’s Isaiah 61 categories.