Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Thessalonians (English → Romanian)
How to Read This Table
- Risk follows the baseline four-tier scale (Critical / High / Medium / Low) with the same review-routing implications: Critical/High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review.
- Status marks whether a term is a (baseline reuse) — governed exactly by the Romans Language Package — or a (new) term proposed for this curriculum, requiring theologian sign-off before Phase 2 use.
- Doctrine column maps each term to one of the five curriculum doctrines (Day of the Lord [DL], Man of Lawlessness [ML], Perseverance under Persecution [PP], God’s Righteous Judgment [RJ], Standing Firm in the Traditions [ST]) or to a general/Christological category [GEN] where applicable.
Chapter 1
| English gloss | Greek (translit.) | Romanian rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Key translation risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | har | Critical | baseline reuse | GEN | Preserve Orthodox participatory (uncreated-energies) dimension; never purely legal favor. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | pace | Medium | baseline reuse | GEN | Relational, not merely emotional calm. |
| Church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | Biserică | Medium | baseline reuse | GEN | Local congregation sense, not exclusivist institutional claim. |
| Endurance/perseverance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | răbdare | High | new | PP | Must be taught as active, hope-fueled steadfastness, not passive suffering-acceptance alone. |
| Affliction | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | necaz / suferință | Medium | new | PP | Standard; distinguish from active hostility (διωγμός). |
| Persecution | διωγμός (diōgmos) | prigoană | Medium | new | PP | Strong cultural resonance (communist-era memory) is an asset; keep NT referent (hostility for gospel faith) primary. |
| ”It is a righteous thing” (God’s judicial justice) | δίκαιον παρὰ θεῷ (dikaion para theō) | lucru drept înaintea lui Dumnezeu | High | new | RJ | Same root as baseline “dreptate” (justification by faith) but here retributive-judicial sense — do not conflate with justification doctrine. |
| Vengeance / just retribution | ἐκδίκησις (ekdikēsis) | dreapta răsplătire (avoid “răzbunare” as primary) | Critical | new | RJ | ”Răzbunare” implies personal vindictiveness in Romanian; God’s act is judicial and just, not emotionally vengeful. |
| Eternal destruction | ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος (olethros aiōnios) | pieire veșnică | Critical | new | RJ | Must not be softened to temporary loss or purely metaphorical language. |
| From the presence/face of the Lord | ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου | de la fața Domnului | Medium | new | RJ | Relational exclusion, not merely abstract penalty. |
| Saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | sfinți | Critical | baseline reuse | GEN | Mandatory note: corporate, all-believers sense, not canonized-only. |
| Calling | κλῆσις (klēsis) | chemare | High | baseline reuse | GEN | Not “chemare monahală”; every believer’s call, tied here to perseverance. |
| Glory | δόξα (doxa) | slavă | Medium | baseline reuse | GEN | Liturgical asset; standard. |
Chapter 2 — Core Passage (2:1-12) and Remainder (2:13-17)
| English gloss | Greek (translit.) | Romanian rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Key translation risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coming / parousia | παρουσία (parousia) | venire | High | new | DL | Singular, personal, visible return; keep distinct from imported rapture schemas. |
| Gathering together | ἐπισυναγωγή (episynagōgē) | adunare | Medium | new | DL | Avoid confusion with “sinagogă.” |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου (hēmera tou kyriou) | ziua Domnului | Critical | new | DL | Distinguish from “Duminica” (Sunday) in devotional speech; this is the eschatological Day, not the weekly Lord’s Day. |
| Apostasy / rebellion | ἀποστασία (apostasia) | lepădarea de credință / apostazia | High | new | DL/ML | Specific climactic end-times rebellion, not generic individual backsliding. |
| Man of lawlessness | ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | omul nelegiuirii | Critical | new | ML | Do not historicize to a single named ruler; keep eschatological, God-opposing, singular sense. |
| Son of destruction/perdition | υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | fiul pierzării | Critical | new | ML | Must not be structurally confused with “Fiul lui Dumnezeu” (divine Sonship, baseline Critical term). |
| The opponent / adversary | ἀντικείμενος (antikeimenos) | cel ce se împotrivește / potrivnicul | High | new | ML | Keep Paul’s own vocabulary distinct from the later, developed “Antihrist” tradition (not this passage’s own term). |
| Self-exaltation | ὑπεραιρόμενος (hyperairomenos) | cel ce se înalță pe sine | Medium | new | ML | Standard. |
| Object of worship/veneration | σέβασμα (sebasma) | obiect de venerare | Critical | new | ML | Collision risk: Orthodox veneration (icons, relics, saints) is a distinct, positive theological category (dulia vs. latria); this verse condemns idolatrous self-deification, not veneration practice. Mandatory translator note. |
| Temple (of God) | ναός (naos) | templul lui Dumnezeu | High | new | ML | Never render “biserică” here; do not resolve the interpretive identity of this eschatological temple. |
| Sit / enthrone himself | καθίσαι (kathisai) | să șadă | Medium | new | ML | Enthronement sense from context. |
| Displaying/proving himself | ἀποδεικνύντα (apodeiknynta) | arătând / dându-se drept | Medium | new | ML | Standard. |
| The restrainer (neuter/masc.) | τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων | ceea ce oprește / cel ce oprește | Critical | new | ML/DL | Preserve Greek’s neuter/masculine distinction exactly; NO doctrinal note should resolve the restrainer’s identity. |
| Mystery of lawlessness | μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας | taina nelegiuirii | Critical | new | ML | Collision risk: Romanian “taină” is the term for Sfintele Taine (Holy Mysteries/sacraments), a positive sacramental category; here μυστήριον denotes a hidden, malignant reality — opposite in character. Mandatory note every occurrence. |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία (anomia) | nelegiuire | High | new | ML | Shares root with baseline “lege” (Mosaic Law) but denotes general moral rebellion, not Torah-specific argument; note the distinction. |
| The lawless one | ἄνομος (anomos) | cel nelegiuit | Critical | new | ML | Keep lexically identical to “omul nelegiuirii” / “nelegiuirii” for word-family consistency. |
| Will destroy | ἀνελεῖ (anelei) | îl va nimici | High | new | RJ/DL | Preserve decisiveness/ease of Christ’s judgment. |
| Breath of his mouth | πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ | suflarea gurii Sale | Medium | new | DL | Render “suflare,” NOT “Duhul,” to avoid implying the Holy Spirit; echoes Isaiah 11:4. |
| Will bring to nothing | καταργήσει (katargēsei) | va nimici / va desființa | Medium | new | DL | Standard. |
| Appearing of his coming | ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας | arătarea venirii Sale | Critical | new | DL | Collision risk: “Arătarea Domnului” is the fixed Orthodox feast of Theophany (Christ’s past baptism, Jan. 6); this verse is Christ’s future eschatological appearing. Mandatory disambiguating note every occurrence. |
| Working/activity of Satan | ἐνέργεια τοῦ σατανᾶ | lucrarea Satanei | High | new | ML | Preserve the ironic parody structure (a false “parousia” mirroring Christ’s true parousia). |
| Power, signs, and wonders of falsehood | δύναμις καὶ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους | putere și semne și minuni mincinoase | High | new | ML | ”Mincinoase” must stay bound to all three nouns; contrast explicitly with legitimate “puterea lui Dumnezeu” (baseline). |
| Deception of unrighteousness | ἀπάτη ἀδικίας | amăgirea nedreptății | Medium | new | ML/RJ | Standard. |
| Those who are perishing | ἀπολλύμενοι (apollymenoi) | cei ce pier | High | new | RJ | Keep lexical link to “fiul pierzării” (v. 3) in teaching notes. |
| Love of the truth | ἀγάπη τῆς ἀληθείας | dragostea adevărului | Medium-High | new | RJ | Willing, affectionate embrace of gospel truth, not mere intellectual assent; grounds the justice of judgment. |
| Saved | σωθῆναι (sōthēnai) | mântuiți | Critical | baseline reuse | GEN | Standard baseline “mântuire” family. |
| Working of delusion (sent by God) | ἐνέργεια πλάνης | lucrare a amăgirii | Critical | new | RJ | Must be taught as God’s judicial response to prior willful rejection of truth, not the cause of unbelief; avoid deterministic or fatalistic framing. |
| Believe the lie | πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει | să creadă minciuna | Medium-High | new | RJ | Keep definite article (“minciuna,” the specific lie of v. 4), not lies in general. |
| Be judged/condemned | κριθῶσιν (krithōsin) | să fie judecați / osândiți | Critical | new | RJ | Establish consistent judgment-vocabulary across 1:5-9 and 2:12. |
| Having delighted in unrighteousness | εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ | au găsit plăcere în nedreptate | Medium | new | RJ | Preserve positive, willing delight (moral culpability), not neutral wrongdoing. |
| God chose (election) | εἵλετο ὑμᾶς ὁ θεός | Dumnezeu v-a ales | High | baseline reuse (alegere) | GEN | Note textual variant ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς / ἀπαρχήν transparently; avoid both strict monergism and pure autonomy per baseline caution. |
| Sanctification of/by the Spirit | ἁγιασμὸς πνεύματος | sfințire | High | baseline reuse | GEN | Apply baseline theosis-acknowledgment caution. |
| Belief of the truth | πίστει ἀληθείας | credință | High | baseline reuse | GEN | Personal trust in gospel truth, not generalized devotion. |
| Obtaining of glory | περιποίησιν δόξης | dobândirea slavei | Medium | new | GEN | Standard. |
| Traditions (apostolic instruction) | παράδοσις (paradosis) | predaniile / tradițiile | Critical | new | ST | Highest-priority new term. Collision risk: Orthodox “Sfânta Tradiție” is a major, later, formally authoritative category; Paul’s referent here is the specific apostolic instruction (doctrinal, 2:15; practical, 3:6) he personally delivered. Mandatory note affirming continuity while keeping Paul’s specific referent primary, every occurrence. |
| Comfort and strengthen | παρακαλέσαι καὶ στηρίξαι | să vă mângâie și să vă întărească | Medium-High | new | ST | Keep στηρίζω rendering consistent with 3:3. |
Chapter 3
| English gloss | Greek (translit.) | Romanian rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Key translation risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Word of the Lord | λόγος τοῦ κυρίου | cuvântul Domnului | Medium | new | GEN | Standard; parallels baseline inspiration-of-scripture doctrine. |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | credință | High | baseline reuse | GEN | Not all respond with genuine faith; standard baseline caution applies. |
| Establish/strengthen | στηρίζω (stērizō) | întări | High | new | ST | Core recurring term (2:17, 3:3); keep rendering identical across occurrences. |
| Guard from the evil one | φυλάξῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ | să vă păzească de cel rău | Medium-High | new | PP/ML | Asset: echoes Lord’s Prayer exactly; keep personal referent (Satan), not abstract evil. |
| Direct/guide the hearts | κατευθύναι τὰς καρδίας | să vă îndrepte inimile | Medium | new | ST | Root overlaps with “îndreptățire” (justification) family; distinct sense here (guide, not justify) — flag for awareness. |
| Endurance/steadfastness of Christ | ὑπομονὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ | răbdarea lui Hristos | High | new | PP | Preserve genitive’s double sense (modeled by Christ / awaiting Christ) rather than resolving artificially. |
| We command | παραγγέλλομεν (parangellomen) | vă poruncim | Medium | new | ST | Preserve strong, authoritative register (not a soft request). |
| Walking in disorderly/idle manner | ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος | care trăiește în neorânduială | Medium | new | ST/DL | Link explicitly to the Day-of-the-Lord confusion of 2:1-2 in teaching notes. |
| Traditions (recurrence) | παράδοσις (paradosis) | predania | Critical | new | ST | Same Critical entry as 2:15; here applied to practical/ethical instruction. |
| Withdraw/keep away from | στέλλεσθαι ἀπό | să vă depărtați de | Medium-High | new | ST | Must not be conflated with formal Orthodox excommunication (“afurisenie”); Paul’s measure is corrective, fraternal, and limited (cf. vv. 14-15). |
| Imitate | μιμεῖσθαι (mimeisthai) | să ne urmați exemplul | Low-Medium | new | ST | Tradition transmitted by embodied example, not only verbal instruction. |
| ”If anyone will not work, let him not eat” | εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι… | cine nu vrea să lucreze, să nu mănânce | Low | new | ST | Applies to the willfully idle, not the genuinely unable; guard against misuse as blanket anti-charity proof text. |
| Busybodies | περιεργαζομένους (periergazomenous) | iscoditori | Low | new | ST | Wordplay with ἐργάζομαι largely untranslatable; note only. |
| Working quietly | ἡσυχίᾳ ἐργαζόμενοι (hēsychia ergazomenoi) | lucrând în liniște | Medium-High | new | ST | Collision risk: root of technical Orthodox term “isihie” (Hesychasm); here entirely mundane — do not import contemplative-mystical connotations. |
| Admonish as a brother | νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν | mustrați-l ca pe un frate | Medium | new | ST | Fraternal correction, distinct from formal ecclesiastical discipline. |
| Sign (Paul’s handwriting) | σημεῖον (sēmeion) | semn | Low | new | GEN | Same lexeme as 2:9’s false “signs” but unrelated referent (authentication, not miracle); note for awareness only. |
| Grace (closing) | χάρις (charis) | har | Critical | baseline reuse | GEN | Consistent with 1:2, 1:12, 2:16. |
Cross-Cutting Risk Notes (apply across all chapters)
- New Critical terms requiring theologian sign-off before Phase 2: ζιua Domnului (ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου), omul nelegiuirii (ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας), fiul pierzării (υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας), cel nelegiuit (ἄνομος), taina nelegiuirii (μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας), ceea ce/cel ce oprește (κατέχον/κατέχων), arătarea venirii Sale (ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας), obiect de venerare (σέβασμα), dreapta răsplătire (ἐκδίκησις), pieire veșnică (ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος), lucrare a amăgirii (ἐνέργεια πλάνης), să fie judecați (κριθῶσιν), and — above all — predaniile/tradițiile (παράδοσις).
- Two collision risks unique to this curriculum, not present in the Romans baseline, deserve special Phase 2 attention comparable to the baseline’s “saints” and “grace” collision notes:
- παράδοσις → predanie/tradiție, colliding with the formally authoritative Orthodox category of Sfânta Tradiție.
- μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας → taina nelegiuirii, colliding with the positive sacramental category of Sfintele Taine. Both require mandatory, explicit translator notes at every occurrence, following the same pattern the baseline established for “sfinți” and “mijlocire.”
- Two liturgical-calendar collision risks also require notes at every occurrence: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου (vs. “Duminica,” the weekly Lord’s Day) and ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας (vs. “Arătarea Domnului”/Bobotează, the Theophany feast).
- Interpretive-neutrality requirement: κατέχον/κατέχων (the restrainer) and ναός (the temple, 2:4) must be rendered with maximum fidelity to the Greek’s own grammatical and referential openness; no translator note may resolve either figure’s identity, consistent with the baseline’s caution on election/providence not imposing a single systematic framework beyond the text.
- Vocabulary consistency across the letter: the ἀνομία/ἄνομος word family (1× “nelegiuire,” 1× “nelegiuit”) and the στηρίζω family (“întări”) must each be rendered identically at every occurrence (1:1-2:17-3:3 spans) so Romanian readers can trace Paul’s own repeated vocabulary exactly as the Greek does.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18 — must render identically at all four occurrences. Preserve the Orthodox Palamite participatory (uncreated-energies) dimension without flattening into a purely forensic favor.
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the ‘saved’ family (σωθῆναι, 2:10) — render ‘ca să fie mântuiți.’ Preserve Romans’ decisive-by-faith emphasis without flatly contradicting the Orthodox theosis framework.
Saved
Approved rendering: mântuiți
Transliteration: sōthēnai
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (mântuire family). 2 Thessalonians 2:10: ‘εἰς τὸ σωθῆναι αὐτούς’ — ‘ca să fie mântuiți.’ Salvation was genuinely on offer and was refused, not withheld; do not let the rendering suggest otherwise.
Saints
Approved rendering: sfinți
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: sfinți canonizați, venerați prin icoane și moaște, invocați ca mijlocitori
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:10, ‘glorified in his saints.’ Mandatory translator note at every occurrence: corporate, all-believers sense (every persevering Thessalonian believer), not the canonized-saint category central to Orthodox veneration practice.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Inherited from Romans package. Standardize on ‘Iisus’ per Orthodox Synodal convention; note ‘Isus’ only as the expected Evangelical/Cornilescu-tradition variant, never mixed within one document.
God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous. Occurs throughout 2 Thessalonians, notably as the subject of the judicial ‘ἐνέργεια πλάνης’ (2:11), where care is required per that entry’s own notes.
Lord
Approved rendering: Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Governs ‘ziua Domnului,’ ‘cuvântul Domnului,’ ‘de la fața Domnului,’ and the closing ‘ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης’ (3:16). Exclusive, supreme lordship throughout.
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in the epistolary greeting formulas (1:1-2) alongside ‘Dumnezeu Tatăl nostru.‘
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fiul lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: fiu al lui Dumnezeu în sensul generic aplicat oricărui credincios
Inherited from Romans package. Not itself occurring in 2 Thessalonians, but retained here as the mandatory contrast term for ‘fiul pierzării’ (2:3) — the two ‘son of’ constructions must never be structurally conflated. See son_of_perdition entry.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 2:13’s ‘ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος.’ Note: the lower-case, indefinite ‘πνεῦμα’ of 2:2 (a claimed prophetic utterance) and the ‘πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ’ (breath of his mouth, 2:8) are NOT this term and must never be capitalized or read as Holy Spirit references — see the_restrainer and breath_of_his_mouth entries.
Just Retribution
Approved rendering: dreapta răsplătire
Transliteration: ekdikēsis
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: răzbunare (implies personal, emotionally-driven vindictiveness in ordinary Romanian)
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment
1:8. CRITICAL: avoid ‘răzbunare’ as primary rendering — it risks portraying God as petty or wrathfully vindictive. ‘Dreapta răsplătire’/‘răsplătire dreaptă’ preserves the judicial, just character of God’s action. Reserve ‘răzbunare’ only in a translator note explaining why it was rejected.
Eternal Destruction
Approved rendering: pieire veșnică
Transliteration: olethros aiōnios
Doctrine: Eternal Destruction
Rejected alternatives: pierdere temporară sau metaforică
Original: ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
1:9. Must not be softened into temporary or merely metaphorical loss, nor expanded into universalist or annihilationist glosses beyond the text; the eternality (αἰώνιος) must be preserved plainly.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ziua Domnului
Transliteration: hēmera tou kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
2:2. CRITICAL: must not be confused with ‘Duminica’ (Sunday), also colloquially called ‘ziua Domnului’ in some Romanian devotional speech. Mandatory disambiguating translator note at every occurrence distinguishing the eschatological cosmic-judgment Day from the weekly liturgical Lord’s Day.
Man Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: omul nelegiuirii
Transliteration: anthrōpos tēs anomias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: identificare directă cu un conducător politic sau religios istoric anume, un om foarte păcătos (sens pur moral, diluat)
Original: ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology
2:3. Must not be historicized to any single past or present political/religious leader, a live temptation given Romania’s own history of totalitarian rulers; must not be softened into merely ‘a very sinful man.’ Must stay lexically tied to ‘nelegiuire’/‘nelegiuit’ (vv.7-8) so the word-family link Paul makes in Greek is visible in Romanian. Manuscript variant note: some witnesses read ‘ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας’ (‘man of sin’).
Son Of Perdition
Approved rendering: fiul pierzării
Transliteration: huios tēs apōleias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: fiu în sensul de descendență divină ontologică (ar crea o paralelă neintenționată cu Fiul lui Dumnezeu)
Original: υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Eschatology
2:3. A Hebraic idiom (‘one destined for/characterized by destruction,’ cf. John 17:12 of Judas) — a title of doom, not sonship. Must be kept lexically and conceptually distinct from ‘Fiul lui Dumnezeu’ (Christ’s unique, eternal, divine Sonship); mandatory translator note at first occurrence distinguishing the two ‘son of’ constructions.
Object Of Worship
Approved rendering: obiect de venerare
Transliteration: sebasma
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: interpretare ca verdict asupra venerării icoanelor/moaștelor/sfinților
Original: σέβασμα
Category: Eschatology
2:4. CRITICAL: Romanian ‘venerare/cinstire’ is the standard vocabulary for the Orthodox category of veneration (dulia) given to icons, relics, and saints, carefully distinguished from worship (latria) due to God alone. This verse condemns the lawless one’s idolatrous self-deification, not veneration practice. Mandatory translator note every occurrence.
The Restrainer
Approved rendering: ceea ce oprește / cel ce oprește
Transliteration: to katechon / ho katechōn
Doctrine: The Restrainer
Rejected alternatives: identificare fixă cu statul roman, propovăduirea evangheliei, Duhul Sfânt, sau o putere îngerească
Original: τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων
Category: Eschatology
2:6-7. CRITICAL: preserve the Greek’s neuter (v.6, an impersonal restraining force/condition) to masculine (v.7, a personal restrainer) shift exactly, using Romanian’s own grammatical gender resources. NO translator note or doctrinal gloss may assert a specific identification of the restrainer — the ambiguity is original to the text and must be preserved.
Mystery Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: taina nelegiuirii
Transliteration: mystērion tēs anomias
Doctrine: The Mystery of Lawlessness (Already at Work)
Rejected alternatives: misterul nelegiuirii (transliterare/neologism — ar suna străin și artificial în registrul stabilit)
Original: μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology
2:7. CRITICAL: Romanian ‘taină’ is the standard, load-bearing term for the Orthodox Sfintele Taine (Holy Mysteries/sacraments), a positive, grace-conveying category. Paul’s use here is the deliberate, ironic opposite — a hidden, malignant, anti-God reality, not a channel of grace. Mandatory note at every occurrence: not a sacrament, unrelated to the Sfintele Taine.
The Lawless One
Approved rendering: cel nelegiuit
Transliteration: ho anomos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Eschatology
2:8. Kept lexically identical in root to ‘omul nelegiuirii’ (v.3) and ‘nelegiuirii’ (v.7), so the Romanian reader sees the same unbroken word family Paul uses in Greek.
Appearing Of His Coming
Approved rendering: arătarea venirii Sale
Transliteration: epiphaneia tēs parousias autou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
2:8. CRITICAL: ‘Arătarea Domnului’ (Bobotează/Theophany, January 6) is a major fixed feast of the Romanian Orthodox liturgical calendar commemorating Christ’s past baptism — wholly distinct from this future, still-awaited eschatological appearing. Mandatory disambiguating note at every occurrence.
Working Of Delusion
Approved rendering: lucrare a amăgirii
Transliteration: energeian planēs
Doctrine: The Judicial Working of Delusion
Rejected alternatives: Dumnezeu ca cauză arbitrară a necredinței (determinism forțat)
Original: ἐνέργειαν πλάνης
Category: Judgment
2:11. CRITICAL: must be taught with careful sequencing — this judicial delusion is God’s response to the prior, culpable rejection of truth (v.10), not its cause. Mirrors the baseline’s caution on election/providence; avoid both forced monergistic determinism and a dissolving of God’s sovereign initiative.
Judged Condemned
Approved rendering: să fie judecați
Transliteration: krithōsin
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: κριθῶσιν
Category: Judgment
2:12. Establish and hold consistently the Romanian judgment-vocabulary family across the whole book, since this doctrine recurs at 1:5-9 and here.
Traditions
Approved rendering: predaniile
Transliteration: paradosis
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: identificare directă și necalificată cu întreaga Sfântă Tradiție ortodoxă ulterioară, ca și cauză unică, fără referentul specific paulin, ‘poruncile’ (prea îngust — ar pierde nuanța de transmitere/predare a unei învățături)
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Tradition
2:15, 3:6. CRITICAL — the highest-stakes term in this curriculum. ‘Tradițiile’ also attested and acceptable; use consistently, do not mix. Romanian Orthodox theology holds Sfânta Tradiție (Holy Tradition) as a major, formally authoritative category alongside Scripture (patristic writings, Ecumenical Councils, liturgical practice). Paul’s own referent is narrower: the specific apostolic instruction — doctrinal (2:15) and practical (3:6) — he personally delivered to this one congregation. Mandatory translator note at EVERY occurrence, not merely the first, affirming genuine continuity while keeping Paul’s specific, apostolic-era referent primary.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evanghelie
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2 Thessalonians 1:8, ‘those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ’ — the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ, whose rejection grounds the eternal destruction described in 1:9. Not a generic uplifting message.
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις / πίστει ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:3, 1:4, 2:13 (‘credința adevărului’), 3:2 (‘not all have faith’ — ‘nu toți au credință,’ must be preserved plainly, not softened). Personal trust in Christ/gospel truth, not inherited Orthodox cultural identity.
Calling
Approved rendering: chemare
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:11, ‘worthy of his calling,’ tied here to being made worthy through perseverance under persecution. Must not default to ‘chemare monahală’; this is every believer’s calling.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sfințire
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμὸς πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:13, ‘ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος’ — ‘sfințirea Duhului.’ Acknowledge, rather than contradict, the Orthodox theosis/Sfintele Taine framework while keeping the Spirit’s own transforming work central to Paul’s statement.
Election
Approved rendering: alegere
Transliteration: eklogē / heileto hymas ho theos
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict
Original: εἵλετο ὑμᾶς ὁ θεός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:13, ‘εἵλετο ὑμᾶς ὁ θεός’ — render ‘Dumnezeu v-a ales.’ Note the ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς (‘from the beginning’) / ἀπαρχήν (‘as a firstfruit’) textual variant transparently, without dogmatic resolution. Neither impose strict Calvinist monergism nor dissolve God’s sovereign initiative into pure autonomy.
Law
Approved rendering: lege
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Not itself used as a lexeme in 2 Thessalonians, but referenced for contrast: ‘nelegiuire’ (ἀνομία) shares this root and must not import Romans’ Mosaic-Law-specific argument, since ἀνομία here denotes general moral rebellion against God, not Torah-rejection specifically.
Endurance
Approved rendering: răbdare
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: supunere pasivă în fața soartei
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
1:4. The only natural Romanian rendering, but requires a standing teaching caution: Romanian devotional ‘răbdare’ can be heard as quiet, passive suffering-acceptance (a genuine strand of Orthodox ascetic spirituality). Paul’s ὑπομονή is active, hope-fueled steadfastness anchored in the certainty of Christ’s vindicating return (1:5-10), not mere passive endurance of fate.
Righteous Judgment Of God
Approved rendering: lucru drept înaintea lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: dikaion para theō
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: dreptate (bare noun, risks conflation with justification doctrine)
Original: δίκαιον παρὰ θεῷ
Category: Judgment
1:6. Shares its δίκαιος root with the baseline’s Critical ‘dreptate’ (justification by faith, Romans 3-5) but denotes retributive-judicial rightness here, a distinct sense. Use the full phrase, never a bare ‘dreptate,’ to keep the senses visually and syntactically distinct. Must not be taught as concerning justification.
Parousia
Approved rendering: venire
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: schemă de răpire (rapture-theology import foreign to this text)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
2:1, 2:8, 2:9. Render ‘venire’/‘venirea Domnului nostru Iisus Hristos,’ matching Orthodox devotional ‘a doua venire.’ Doctrinal asset given vivid Orthodox liturgical Second Coming expectation, but must be taught with the singular, personal, visible sense, distinct from any imported rapture-theology schema. Note also that 2:9 reuses this word ironically of the lawless one’s own Satanic counterfeit ‘coming.‘
Apostasy
Approved rendering: lepădarea de credință
Transliteration: apostasia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: apostazie individuală/generică (risks reading as ordinary personal backsliding)
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Eschatology
2:3. ‘Apostazia’ (transliteration) acceptable as secondary gloss. Must be taught as the specific, climactic, corporate end-times rebellion of this passage, not any individual believer’s personal spiritual decline — a common devotional use of ‘apostazie’ in Orthodox catechesis that risks narrowing this term too far here.
Adversary
Approved rendering: potrivnicul
Transliteration: antikeimenos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Antihristul (titlu dezvoltat ulterior în 1-2 Ioan, absent din acest text)
Original: ἀντικείμενος
Category: Eschatology
2:4. Also acceptable: ‘cel ce se împotrivește.’ Keep Paul’s own vocabulary distinct from the later, developed ‘Antihrist’ tradition (1-2 John), a term this passage never uses but which Romanian devotional culture often conflates with this passage.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: templul lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: naos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: biserică (clădire) — ar restrânge imaginea eschatologică la o structură bisericească contemporană
Original: ναός
Category: Eschatology
2:4. Never render ‘biserică.’ Do not resolve the interpretive identification of this eschatological temple (future rebuilt temple, heavenly temple, or the Church usurped from within).
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: nelegiuire
Transliteration: anomia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
2:7. Shares a root with baseline ‘lege’ (νόμος, Mosaic Law/Torah) but denotes general rebellion against God’s moral order, not a Torah-specific claim. Brief translator note should prevent importing Romans’ Mosaic-Law-specific argument into this broader term.
Will Destroy
Approved rendering: îl va nimici
Transliteration: anelei
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀνελεῖ
Category: Judgment
2:8. Preserve the decisiveness and ease of Christ’s destruction of the lawless one (by mere word/breath), underscoring his supreme, effortless authority.
Working Of Satan
Approved rendering: lucrarea Satanei
Transliteration: kat’ energeian tou satana
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ
Category: Eschatology
2:9. Preserve, ideally with a teaching note, the deliberate parody structure: a false parousia empowered by Satan, mirroring Christ’s true parousia.
False Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: putere și semne și minuni mincinoase
Transliteration: pasē dynamei kai sēmeiois kai terasin pseudous
Doctrine: Counterfeit Signs and Satanic Deception
Original: πάσῃ δυνάμει καὶ σημείοις καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους
Category: Eschatology
2:9. Keep ‘mincinoase’ grammatically bound to all three nouns so ‘minuni’ is never read as neutral or positive. Must be explicitly contrasted in teaching notes with baseline’s legitimate ‘puterea lui Dumnezeu’ (Romans 1:16).
Those Who Are Perishing
Approved rendering: cei ce pier
Transliteration: tois apollymenois
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις
Category: Judgment
2:10. Keep lexically connected, where possible in teaching notes, to ‘fiul pierzării’ (v.3) so the Romanian reader can trace Paul’s ἀπόλλυμι word family across the passage.
Love Of The Truth
Approved rendering: dragostea adevărului
Transliteration: tēn agapēn tēs alētheias
Doctrine: Love of the Truth and Culpable Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: simplă acceptare intelectuală a adevărului
Original: τὴν ἀγάπην τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Judgment
2:10. Must be taught as a willing, affectionate embrace of gospel truth (not mere factual assent); its rejection is a genuine, culpable human refusal, safeguarding the justice of the judgment described in vv.11-12.
Believe The Lie
Approved rendering: să creadă minciuna
Transliteration: pisteusai tō pseudei
Doctrine: The Judicial Working of Delusion
Rejected alternatives: o minciună (nedeterminat — ar pierde referentul specific)
Original: πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει
Category: Judgment
2:11. Preserve the definite article (‘minciuna,’ not ‘o minciună’) to keep the specific referent: the lawless one’s self-deifying claim of v.4, not lies in general.
Comfort And Strengthen
Approved rendering: să vă mângâie și să vă întărească
Transliteration: parakalesai kai stērixai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: παρακαλέσαι… καὶ στηρίξαι
Category: Tradition
2:16-17. Keep στηρίζω’s rendering (‘întărire’ family) consistent with its reappearance at 3:3.
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: va întări
Transliteration: stērizō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Perseverance
2:17, 3:3. Render consistently across both occurrences, so the reader can trace the recurring ‘firmness/establishment’ theme structurally binding the letter’s practical exhortation together — used of the Lord’s own faithful action, not mere human willpower.
Guard From The Evil One
Approved rendering: să vă păzească de cel rău
Transliteration: phylaxē apo tou ponērou
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: de rău (abstract, generic evil, losing the personal referent)
Original: φυλάξῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ
Category: Perseverance
3:3. Directly echoes the final petition of the Lord’s Prayer prayed in every Romanian church tradition (‘și ne izbăvește de cel rău’) — a strong comprehension asset, provided teaching notes make the connection explicit and keep the personal referent (Satan).
Endurance Of Christ
Approved rendering: răbdarea lui Hristos
Transliteration: hypomonē tou Christou
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: rezolvare artificială într-un singur sens (doar model / doar așteptare)
Original: ὑπομονὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Perseverance
3:5. A genitive of ambiguous force — either the endurance Christ himself modeled, or patient endurance awaiting Christ’s return. Preserve this natural double sense in Romanian rather than resolving it artificially toward only one reading; supply both possible senses in teaching notes.
Withdraw From
Approved rendering: să vă depărtați de
Transliteration: stellesthai apo
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Fraternal Correction
Rejected alternatives: afurisenie / excomunicare canonică (mult mai severă decât măsura lui Pavel aici)
Original: στέλλεσθαι ἀπό
Category: Ethics
3:6. Must not be conflated with the formal Orthodox canonical category of ‘afurisenie’ (excommunication/anathema); Paul’s instruction is a lighter, corrective, relationship-limiting measure explicitly bounded by fraternal, non-adversarial intent (vv.14-15).
Working Quietly
Approved rendering: lucrând în liniște
Transliteration: hēsychia ergazomenoi
Doctrine: Diligence and Against Eschatologically-Motivated Idleness
Rejected alternatives: lucrând în isihie (ar importa conotații contemplativ-mistice tehnice, străine textului)
Original: ἡσυχίᾳ ἐργαζόμενοι
Category: Ethics
3:12. Mandatory translator note: Greek ἡσυχία is also the root of the technical Orthodox spiritual-theological term ‘isihie’ (Hesychasm — the contemplative, silence-centered prayer tradition of Mount Athos, Gregory Palamas, and the Philokalia). Paul’s usage here is entirely mundane and must not import Hesychast contemplative-mystical connotations.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: Biserică
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:1, ‘τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ Θεσσαλονικέων’ — the local congregation, not the exclusivist institutional claim.
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2 (opening greeting) and 3:16 (closing peace benediction, ‘ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης’). Relational peace, not merely emotional calm.
Sin
Approved rendering: păcat
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced only via a manuscript variant: some witnesses read ‘ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας’ (‘the man of sin’) at 2:3 in place of the preferred ‘ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας’ (‘the man of lawlessness’). Note the variant transparently without altering the primary rendering ‘omul nelegiuirii.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: puterea lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not itself occurring in 2 Thessalonians, but required as the explicit teaching contrast for 2:9’s counterfeit ‘putere și semne și minuni mincinoase’ — legitimate divine power must never be conflated with the lawless one’s Satanically-empowered displays.
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:9, 1:12, 2:14 (‘dobândirea slavei’). Liturgical asset given constant Orthodox doxological usage.
Affliction
Approved rendering: necaz
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
1:4, 1:6. Standard; distinguish from active hostility (persecution/prigoană).
Persecution
Approved rendering: prigoană
Transliteration: diōgmos
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance
1:4. Strong cultural resonance from 20th-century communist-era persecution of Romanian believers is a genuine asset; keep the NT referent (hostility for gospel faith) primary rather than only the modern historical association.
Exclusion From The Lords Presence
Approved rendering: de la fața Domnului
Transliteration: apo prosōpou tou kyriou
Doctrine: Eternal Destruction
Original: ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Judgment
1:9. Well-established biblical idiom in Romanian (cf. Genesis 4:14). Reinforces that eternal destruction is fundamentally relational exclusion, not merely an abstract penalty.
Gathering Together
Approved rendering: adunare
Transliteration: episynagōgē
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: sinagogă (false lexical proximity to be avoided)
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology
2:1. Avoid any noun with lexical proximity to ‘sinagogă’; must not be flattened into ordinary weekly church attendance — this is believers’ end-time gathering to Christ.
Self Exaltation
Approved rendering: cel ce se înalță pe sine
Transliteration: hyperairomenos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὑπεραιρόμενος
Category: Eschatology
2:4. Standard; echoes Daniel’s ‘little horn’ self-deifying pride imagery.
Enthronement
Approved rendering: să șadă
Transliteration: kathisai
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: καθίσαι
Category: Eschatology
2:4. Enthronement sense supplied by context, ‘în templul lui Dumnezeu.‘
Self Display
Approved rendering: dându-se drept pe sine
Transliteration: apodeiknynta
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀποδεικνύντα
Category: Eschatology
2:4. The lawless one actively presents ‘proof’ of his claimed deity, not merely believing it privately.
Breath Of His Mouth
Approved rendering: suflarea gurii Sale
Transliteration: to pneuma tou stomatos autou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Duhul gurii Sale (ar implica greșit Duhul Sfânt)
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
2:8. Render ‘suflare,’ NOT ‘Duhul’ — must not be capitalized or read as a Trinitarian Holy Spirit reference. Echoes Isaiah 11:4 (LXX); this is Christ’s own physical breath/word of command.
Will Bring To Nothing
Approved rendering: va nimici
Transliteration: katargēsei
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: καταργήσει
Category: Judgment
2:8. Reinforcing verb parallel to ἀνελεῖ; total, final nullification of the lawless one’s power and pretensions.
Deception Of Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: amăgirea nedreptății
Transliteration: apatē adikias
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας
Category: Judgment
2:10. Standard; deception that is itself an expression of unrighteousness, not neutral trickery.
Delight In Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: au găsit plăcere în nedreptate
Transliteration: eudokēsantes tē adikia
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ
Category: Judgment
2:12. Preserve the positive, willing delight (moral culpability), not neutral or passive wrongdoing, that grounds the justice of God’s judgment.
Obtaining Of Glory
Approved rendering: dobândirea slavei
Transliteration: peripoiēsin doxēs
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: περιποίησιν δόξης
Category: God
2:14. Standard; the ultimate goal of God’s saving call.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: cuvântul Domnului
Transliteration: ho logos tou kyriou
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Protection in the Word
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Church
3:1. Standard; parallels the baseline’s inspiration-of-scripture doctrine — the gospel message’s advance among people.
Direct The Hearts
Approved rendering: să vă îndrepte inimile
Transliteration: kateuthynai tas kardias
Doctrine: Faith
Original: κατευθύναι τὰς καρδίας
Category: Faith
3:5. The verb root overlaps in Romanian with the ‘dreptate/îndreptățire’ (justification) word family, though the sense here (‘guide, direct’) is distinct; flag for translator awareness though context disambiguates.
Authoritative Command
Approved rendering: vă poruncim
Transliteration: parangellomen
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: vă rugăm (prea slab pentru registrul formal, autoritativ al lui Pavel)
Original: παραγγέλλομεν
Category: Tradition
3:6, 3:10, 3:12. Preserve the formal, authoritative register Paul intends, consistent with the curriculum’s overall formal register requirement.
Disorderly Conduct
Approved rendering: care trăiește în neorânduială
Transliteration: atatōs peripatountos
Doctrine: Diligence and Against Eschatologically-Motivated Idleness
Original: ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος
Category: Ethics
3:6, 3:11. A military metaphor (‘out of formation’). Teaching notes should make explicit the causal link to the Day-of-the-Lord confusion of 2:1-2, so this is not read as a generic anti-poverty judgment.
Admonish As Brother
Approved rendering: mustrați-l ca pe un frate
Transliteration: noutheteite hōs adelphon
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Fraternal Correction
Original: νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν
Category: Ethics
3:15. Firm verbal correction within an explicitly fraternal, non-adversarial relationship; note distinguishing this from formal ecclesiastical disciplinary procedure.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: mulțumire
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:3, 2:13 (‘εὐχαριστεῖν ὀφείλομεν’). Standard term, minimal risk.
Imitate
Approved rendering: să ne urmați exemplul
Transliteration: mimeisthai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: μιμεῖσθαι
Category: Ethics
3:7, 3:9. Tradition is transmitted through embodied example, not only verbal instruction.
Work Or No Food
Approved rendering: cine nu vrea să lucreze, să nu mănânce
Transliteration: ei tis ou thelei ergazesthai, mēde esthietō
Doctrine: Diligence and Against Eschatologically-Motivated Idleness
Original: εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω
Category: Ethics
3:10. Applies specifically to the willfully idle, not the genuinely unable (the sick, the poor, the disabled); must not be misused as a blanket justification for withholding charity.
Busybodies
Approved rendering: iscoditori
Transliteration: periergazomenous
Doctrine: Diligence and Against Eschatologically-Motivated Idleness
Original: περιεργαζομένους
Category: Ethics
3:11. The Greek wordplay (ἐργάζομαι/περιεργάζομαι) is difficult to fully replicate in Romanian; a translator note may mention the pun without requiring its reproduction.
Sign Authentication
Approved rendering: semn
Transliteration: sēmeion
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Protection in the Word
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Church
3:17. Paul’s own handwriting as an authentication mark against forged letters (cf. 2:2). Shares its lexeme with 2:9’s counterfeit ‘signs’ but has an unrelated referent; flag the lexical recurrence for translator awareness only, no thematic link should be assumed.
Referenced passages