Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter | Romanian Language Package Extension
This glossary extends translation_memory.json (Romans baseline) for the curriculum book 1 Peter. Terms marked [TM REUSE] carry forward the baseline rendering exactly, unchanged, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused verbatim. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this analysis and must be added to translation_memory.json in Phase 2 Step-1 loading before any 1 Peter segment is translated, per the AI Translation Requirements’ “new theological term” protocol.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and the same review-routing convention (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline (translation_memory.json)
| Term (EN) | Greek | Romanian rendering | Risk | Doctrine link | 1 Peter occurrences | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | evanghelie | High | Gospel | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 | [TM REUSE] |
| grace | χάρις | har | Critical | Grace | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | [TM REUSE] |
| faith | πίστις | credință | High | Faith | 1:5, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 | [TM REUSE] |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | dreptate | Critical | Salvation | 2:24, 3:14, 3:18 | [TM REUSE] |
| salvation | σωτηρία | mântuire | Critical | Salvation | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:21 | [TM REUSE] |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostol | Low | Apostleship | 1:1 | [TM REUSE] |
| called | κλητός / καλέω (ptc.) | chemat | Medium/High | Divine Calling | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | [TM REUSE] |
| calling | κλῆσις (concept) | chemare | High | Divine Calling | thematic (2:9, 2:21, 5:10) | [TM REUSE] |
| holy | ἅγιος | sfânt | Medium | Sanctification | 1:15-16 (×3), 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 | [TM REUSE] |
| saints (corporate) | ἅγιοι (concept, cf. 2:9 λαός) | sfinți | Critical | Sainthood | thematic; ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαός applications | [TM REUSE] |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | sfințire | High | Sanctification | 1:2 | [TM REUSE] |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | înviere | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 1:3, 3:21 | [TM REUSE] |
| lord | κύριος | Domnul | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:6, 3:12, 3:15 | [TM REUSE] |
| peace | εἰρήνη | pace | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2, 3:11, 5:14 | [TM REUSE] |
| spiritual gifts | χάρισμα | daruri duhovnicești | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | 4:10 | [TM REUSE] |
| fellowship / share | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω | părtășie / a fi părtaș | Low/High (context) | Christian Fellowship | 4:13 (verb form, elevated risk — see glossary note) | [TM REUSE root] |
| church (concept) | (ἐκκλησία not used; concept present via λαός, οἶκος) | Biserică (concept only) | Medium | Church as God’s People | thematic, ch. 2 | [TM REUSE, concept only] |
| law | νόμος | lege | High | — | not used in 1 Peter | [TM REUSE, N/A this book] |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | păcat | Medium | Universal Human Accountability | 1:19 (implicit), 2:22, 2:24 (×2), 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 | [TM REUSE] |
| gentiles | ἔθνη | neamuri | Low | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:12, 4:3 | [TM REUSE] |
| glory | δόξα | slavă | Medium | Deity of Christ | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 2:12, 4:11, 4:13, 4:14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | [TM REUSE] |
| obedience (root) | ὑπακοή | ascultare | High | Obedience of Faith (related, not identical phrase) | 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 | [TM REUSE root, context-adapted] |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | puterea lui Dumnezeu | Medium | Power of God for Salvation | 1:5 | [TM REUSE] |
| prophet | προφήτης | proroc | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:10 | [TM REUSE] |
| prophecy | προφητεία | prorocie | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:11-12 (concept) | [TM REUSE] |
| election (root) | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή | alegere / ales | High | Effectual Calling | 1:1, 1:2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 | [TM REUSE root] |
| providence | πρόνοια (concept, cf. πρόγνωσις) | pronia lui Dumnezeu | Medium | Providence | 1:2, 1:20 (πρόγνωσις — see new-term note) | [TM REUSE, adjacent term flagged as NEW below] |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iisus | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | [TM REUSE] |
| god | θεός | Dumnezeu | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | [TM REUSE] |
| holy spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Duhul Sfânt | Critical | Sanctification | 1:2, 1:11, 1:12 | [TM REUSE] |
| father | πατήρ | Tată | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 | [TM REUSE] |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | a îndemna | Low | Mutual Edification | 2:11, 5:1, 5:12 | [TM REUSE] |
| messiah / christ | Χριστός | Hristos | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | [TM REUSE] |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter (to be added to translation_memory.json)
| Term (EN) | Greek / translit. | Romanian rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα / elpis zōsa | nădejde vie | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | ”speranță vie” (too generic/secular register) | Must be taught as hope grounded objectively in Christ’s bodily resurrection (1:3), not subjective optimism |
| regeneration / born again | ἀναγεννάω / anagennaō | a (se) naște din nou; naștere din nou | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | ”convertire” alone (too narrow, misses the birth-metaphor); “regenerare” (too clinical/abstract) | CRITICAL COLLISION RISK: Orthodox sacramental theology closely ties “naștere din nou” to baptismal regeneration; Romanian Evangelical culture treats “născut din nou” as a conversion-experience slogan. Must be taught holistically per 1:3 (resurrection-grounded), 1:23 (word-grounded), and 3:21 (baptism-connected) together |
| inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | moștenire | Medium | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | — | Requires OT land-inheritance background teaching |
| imperishable / undefiled / unfading | ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος | nestricăcioasă, neîntinată, neveștejită | Low-Medium | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | — | Triad describing the believer’s inheritance (1:4); ἀμάραντος recurs at 5:4 as “cununa neveștejită” |
| guarded / shielded | φρουρέω / phroureō | a păzi | High | Assurance / Living Hope | ”a proteja” (too weak, loses military-garrison force) | Military metaphor: God’s power garrisons believers toward final salvation |
| revelation (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | descoperire | Medium-High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | ”arătare” (viable liturgical alternative for parousia contexts, may be noted) | Must be kept distinct from, though related to, “inspiration_of_scripture” sense of revelation |
| tested genuineness (of faith) | δοκίμιον / dokimion | încercarea (credinței) | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Distinct from πειρασμός (the trial-event itself); this is the proven-quality outcome |
| trial(s) | πειρασμός / peirasmos | încercare | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | ”ispită” (wrongly implies temptation-to-sin sense) | Context-sensitive; 1 Peter’s usage (1:6, 4:12) is external testing/persecution, not internal temptation |
| foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις / prognōsis | cunoștința (mai) dinainte; preștiința | High | Effectual Calling / Providence | ”predestinare” alone (imports more systematic weight than the term bears) | Shares the baseline “election” entry’s synergism/monergism tension; used of both believers (1:2) and Christ (1:20) |
| redeemed / ransomed | λυτρόω / lytroō | a răscumpăra | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | ”a elibera” (loses the price-paid/ransom dimension) | Requires OT exodus/slave-manumission background; pastoral care needed re: “futile conduct inherited from your fathers” (1:18) in a tradition-honoring culture |
| precious blood | τίμιον αἷμα / timion haima | sânge scump / sânge prețios | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Parallel to baseline’s atonement/propitiation Critical escalation trigger |
| lamb without blemish | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | Mielul fără cusur și fără prihană | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Strong positive liturgical resonance (Paschal Lamb / “Mielul lui Dumnezeu” in the Divine Liturgy) |
| sojourners / exiles | πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι / paroikoi kai parepidēmoi | străini și călători | High | Christian Identity in Christ (extended) | “pribegi” (regional/poetic variant, acceptable alternative) | Direct tension with Orthodox national-identity fusion (“ortodox = român”); Christian identity as provisional/non-native in the world |
| conduct / way of life | ἀναστροφή / anastrophē | purtare | High | Holiness in Conduct | ”comportament” (too clinical/secular register); “viață” alone (too broad, loses behavioral specificity) | Recurring structural keyword (1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1,2,16); consistency across all occurrences required |
| chosen race | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / genos eklekton | neam ales | Critical | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | “neam” carries strong ethnic/national connotation in Romanian; must be taught as trans-ethnic, faith-constituted family, not biological/national lineage |
| royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα / basileion hierateuma | preoție împărătească | Critical | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | ”preoție a tuturor” (loses “royal”/kingdom dimension); avoid implying abolition of ordained priesthood | Sharpest doctrinal collision point in the book; requires explicit both/and teaching note distinguishing universal believer-priesthood from the distinct question of ordained ministerial office |
| holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον / ethnos hagion | neam sfânt | High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Same “neam”/national-identity caution as “chosen race” |
| people for God’s possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν / laos eis peripoiēsin | popor agonisit (de Dumnezeu) | Medium-High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | ”popor deosebit” (loses the “acquired/purchased” nuance) | “Agonisit” is an archaic Orthodox Synodal term; may need plain-language gloss |
| living stone | λίθος ζῶν / lithos zōn | piatră vie | Medium-High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Messianic stone-imagery (Ps 118, Isa 28); low syncretism risk |
| spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός / oikos pneumatikos | casă duhovnicească | Medium | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Temple-imagery transferred to the believing community |
| spiritual sacrifices | πνευματικὰς θυσίας / pneumatikas thysias | jertfe duhovnicești | High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Must be distinguished from, without needless opposition to, the Eucharistic sacrifice central to Orthodox liturgy |
| submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | a se supune | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | — | Governs 2:13 (civil authority), 2:18 (servants), 3:1,5 (wives), 5:5 (younger/elders); political sensitivity given Church-state history; abuse-prevention pastoral framing required |
| suffer / suffering | πάσχω, πάθημα / paschō, pathēma | a suferi / suferință | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Recurring keyword across the entire letter (1:11; 2:19-21,23; 3:14,17-18; 4:1,13,15-16,19; 5:1,9-10) |
| endure | ὑπομένω / hypomenō | a răbda | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | — | Specifically endurance of unjust suffering; distinguished from suffering for wrongdoing |
| bore our sins … on the tree | … ἀνήνεγκεν … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | a purtat păcatele … pe lemn | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | ”pe cruce” (loses the intentional Isaiah 53 / Deut 21:23 “tree/wood” echo) | Parallel to baseline’s atonement/propitiation Critical trigger (Rom 3:25); mandatory theologian review |
| wound / healed | μώλωψ / ἰάθητε | rană / ați fost vindecați | Medium-High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Guard against Word-of-Faith physical-healing extension; referent is healing from sin per the verse’s own purpose clause |
| Shepherd and Overseer (of souls) | ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος / poimēn kai episkopos | Păstorul și Episcopul (sufletelor) | High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood; Elders and Humility | — | “Episcop” directly names the Orthodox hierarchical office; requires translator note distinguishing Christ’s unique cosmic office from, while affirming it as the archetype of, the human episcopal office |
| elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | prezbiter (bătrân) | Critical | Elders and Humility | ”preot” (Orthodox default; carries full sacerdotal/ordination weight not addressed by 1 Peter 5) | Major documented translation fork; recommend “prezbiter” as primary with explicit note that Orthodox readers will likely supply “preot” |
| shepherd the flock | ποιμαίνω τὸ ποίμνιον / poimainō to poimnion | a păstori turma | Medium-High | Elders and Humility | — | Links human elders to Christ as Chief Shepherd (5:4); prevents autonomous-authority misreading |
| domineering / lording it over | κατακυριεύω / katakyrieuō | a stăpâni (peste) | High | Elders and Humility | — | Explicitly prohibited leadership posture; central positive content of the doctrine |
| humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη / tapeinophrosynē | smerenie | Medium | Elders and Humility | — | Cultural asset (Orthodox ascetic virtue) but risk of importing monastic/self-mortification connotation over 1 Peter’s relational, congregational sense |
| unfading crown of glory | ἀμαράντινον τῆς δόξης στέφανον / amarantinon tēs doxēs stephanon | cununa cea neveștejită a slavei | Medium | Elders and Humility | — | Positive resonance with Orthodox wedding-crowning (cununie) and martyrdom iconography; avoid conflating referents |
| sanctify Christ as Lord (in your hearts) | κύριον … τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν | sfințiți pe Hristos Domnul în inimile voastre | Critical | Deity of Christ (extended) | — | OT YHWH-sanctifying language (Isa 8:13) applied directly to Christ; mandatory theologian review |
| Christ suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous | Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | Hristos a suferit o dată pentru păcate, El, cel drept, pentru cei nedrepți | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Clearest single-verse substitutionary summary in the book; mandatory theologian review |
| made alive in the spirit | ζῳοποιηθεὶς … πνεύματι | viu făcut cu duhul | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits; Resurrection of Christ | — | Must not be read as denying bodily resurrection (secured by 3:21’s explicit ἀνάστασις) |
| proclaimed to the spirits in prison | πνεύμασιν ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν | a propovăduit/a vestit duhurilor din închisoare | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | ”a predicat evanghelia” (imports εὐαγγελίζω’s sense onto a distinct verb, κηρύσσω) | Major exegetical crux; strong Orthodox liturgical asset (Holy Saturday Descent into Hades, Anastasis icon) alongside genuine interpretive difficulty; mandatory theologian review |
| gospel preached to the dead | νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη | evanghelia a fost vestită celor morți | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | — | Companion crux to 3:19; must not be taught as a general post-mortem “second chance” doctrine |
| baptism now saves you | … ἀντίτυπον νῦν σῴζει βάπτισμα | asemenea chip vă mântuiește și pe voi botezul | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (contextual); Salvation | — | Direct sacramental-efficacy flashpoint (Orthodox/Catholic vs. Evangelical/Cornilescu reading); must be paired inseparably with the qualifying clause below |
| appeal to God for a good conscience | συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα εἰς θεόν | cerere către Dumnezeu a unei cugetări curate / a unei conștiințe bune | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (contextual); Salvation | — | Peter’s own qualifying clause; must never be translated or taught apart from the baptism statement it qualifies |
| good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή / syneidēsis agathē | conștiință bună | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | — | Recurs 3:16, 3:21 |
| Christian (as identity-label) | Χριστιανός / Christianos | creștin | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | One of only 3 NT occurrences; originally an outsider-coined label, now embraced |
| faithful Creator | πιστῷ κτίστῃ / pistō ktistē | Ziditorul credincios | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Providence | — | Rare divine title (only here in NT); ties creation theology to endurance under suffering |
| fiery trial | πύρωσις / pyrōsis | focul încercării | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Links to 1:7’s refining-fire imagery; consistency required |
| partakers of Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνέω τοῖς παθήμασιν / koinōneō tois pathēmasin | a fi părtaș suferințelor lui Hristos | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Elevated risk beyond ordinary “fellowship” (κοινωνία, Low) given the doctrinal weight of suffering-union specifically |
| sober-minded / watchful | νήφω, γρηγορέω / nēphō, grēgoreō | treji, veghetori | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | — | Recurs 1:13, 4:7, 5:8; consistency required |
| adversary, the devil | ὁ ἀντίδικος … διάβολος | potrivnicul … diavolul | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | — | Standard demonology vocabulary shared across Romanian Christian traditions |
Section 3 — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms | Risk Ceiling |
|---|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα, ἀναγεννάω, ἀνάστασις [TM], κληρονομία, ἄφθαρτος/ἀμίαντος/ἀμάραντος | Critical |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | πάσχω/πάθημα, πάσχοιτε διὰ δικαιοσύνην, πειρασμός, δοκίμιον, πύρωσις, ὑπομένω, μακάριοι | Critical |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | γένος ἐκλεκτόν, βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν, λίθος ζῶν, οἶκος πνευματικός, πνευματικὰς θυσίας | Critical |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | ὑποτάσσω, πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι, δοῦλοι θεοῦ, κατακυριεύω | High |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | ἀνήνεγκεν … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον, τίμιον αἷμα, ἐλυτρώθητε, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων, μώλωψ/ἰάθητε | Critical |
| Holiness in Conduct | ἀναστροφή, ἅγιος/ἁγιασμός [TM], συνείδησις ἀγαθή | High |
| Elders and Humility | πρεσβύτερος, ποιμαίνω/ἐπισκοπέω, κατακυριεύω, ταπεινοφροσύνη, στέφανος τῆς δόξης | Critical |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Pet 3:18-22) | ζῳοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι, ἐκήρυξεν πνεύμασιν ἐν φυλακῇ, νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη, ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα, ἐπερώτημα συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς | Critical |
Section 4 — Chapters Confirmed Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Terms Beyond Sections 1-2
All five chapters of 1 Peter contribute load-bearing vocabulary; no chapter is without new theological content. (For completeness per the full-book-coverage mandate: chapter 4’s opening vice-list terms and chapter 5’s closing greetings (vv. 12-14: Σιλουανός, Μᾶρκος, ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι συνεκλεκτή, φίλημα ἀγάπης) are historical/epistolary rather than doctrinally load-bearing beyond what is already recorded in 07_semantic_analysis.md Chapter 5, and require only Low-risk, automated-review handling as standard proper names and epistolary convention.)
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Petru 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12. Same Palamite essence-energies collision risk as Romans; 5:5’s citation of Prov 3:34 must not read as a reward for the ascetic virtue of humility rather than unmerited gift.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: dreptate
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dreptate câștigată exclusiv prin efort moral propriu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 3:14’s ‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’ supplies this curriculum’s title doctrine phrase; retain the same forensic-relational sense, not mere moral achievement.
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 2:2’s growth-language (‘creșteți spre mântuire’) resonates with Orthodox theosis-as-process; must not erase the decisive faith-reception of 1:5,9. Occurs 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:21.
Saints
Approved rendering: sfinți
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: sfinți canonizați, venerați prin icoane și moaște, invocați ca mijlocitori
Original: ἅγιοι (concept realized through ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαός)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter does not use ἅγιοι as direct address as in Romans 1:7, but the corporate-holiness concept structures 2:9-10; same distinguishing note required wherever ‘sfinți/sfânt’ describes the whole church.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: înviere
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Objective ground of the ‘living hope’ (1:3); 1 Petru 3:21’s explicit ἀνάστασις secures the bodily reading against any docetic misreading of 3:18’s ‘made alive in the spirit.’ Doctrinal asset given Paschal centrality in Romanian Orthodox liturgical life.
Lord
Approved rendering: Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 3:15’s ‘sanctify Christ as Lord’ applies OT YHWH-sanctifying language (Isa 8:13) directly to Christ, requiring the same exclusive-lordship precision as Romans 10:9. Occurs 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:6, 3:12, 3:15.
Christ Name
Approved rendering: Hristos
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Deity and Preexistence of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry not distinguished in the Romans baseline TM: used throughout 1 Peter primarily as part of the combined proper name-title ‘Iisus Hristos,’ distinct from the titular messianic-promise sense (see ‘messiah’ below, reserved for 1:10-11’s fulfilled-promise emphasis). Never mix with Cornilescu-tradition spelling conventions within one document.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Primary rendering ‘Iisus’ (Orthodox Synodal); ‘Isus’ noted only as expected Evangelical/Cornilescu variant. Used throughout 1 Peter.
God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Addressed throughout 1 Peter as Father (1:3), faithful Creator (4:19), God of all grace (5:10).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2, 1:11, 1:12. See ‘spirit_of_christ’ below for 1:11’s distinctive high-Christology identification of the Spirit active in the prophets. Same Filioque-neutrality caution applies.
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Object of the letter’s opening blessing (1:3) and impartial judge (1:17).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesia
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός (titular sense) / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reserve for the titular, promise-fulfillment sense, especially 1:10-11 (‘the prophets searched out … the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow’); use ‘Hristos’ (see ‘christ_name’) when functioning as a proper name elsewhere.
Redeemed Ransomed
Approved rendering: a răscumpăra / ați fost răscumpărați
Transliteration: lytroō
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Precious Blood
Rejected alternatives: a elibera (loses the price-paid/ransom dimension)
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Atonement
1:18. Requires OT exodus/slave-manumission background. Acute pastoral sensitivity: ‘futile conduct handed down from your fathers’ collides with the high value placed on inherited Orthodox tradition (‘tradiția strămoșească’); the text contrasts empty custom with the ransom price of Christ’s blood, not tradition as such.
Precious Blood
Approved rendering: sânge scump / sânge prețios
Transliteration: timion haima
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Precious Blood
Original: τίμιον αἷμα
Category: Atonement
1:19. Parallel to the baseline’s atonement/propitiation Critical escalation trigger (Romans 3:25); mandatory theologian review.
Sprinkling Of The Blood
Approved rendering: stropirea cu sângele lui Iisus Hristos
Transliteration: rhantismos haimatos Iēsou Christou
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Atonement
1:2. OT covenant-ratification and priestly-consecration imagery (Exod 24:8; Lev 8); risk of flattening into vague cleansing without its priestly-consecration force, which feeds directly into the Royal Priesthood doctrine of ch. 2.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: Duhul lui Hristos
Transliteration: pneuma Christou
Doctrine: Deity and Preexistence of Christ
Original: πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
1:11. High-Christology claim: the Spirit active in OT prophets belongs to the pre-incarnate Christ. Must be taught alongside the baseline’s Filioque caution without presuming a settled procession doctrine.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: neam ales
Transliteration: genos eklekton
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
2:9, citing Isa 43:20/Exod 19:6. ‘Neam’ carries strong ethnic-national connotation in Romanian (‘neamul românesc’), historically fused with Orthodoxy. Must be taught explicitly as a trans-ethnic, faith-constituted family, never a biological or national lineage.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: preoție împărătească
Transliteration: basileion hierateuma
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: preoție a tuturor (loses the ‘royal’/kingdom dimension)
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
2:5, 2:9, citing Exod 19:6. The sharpest doctrinal collision point in the book. Requires the historic both/and teaching note distinguishing universal believer-priesthood (access to God, priestly proclamation) from the separate question of ordained ministerial office, addressed distinctly at 5:1-4. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Bore Our Sins On The Tree
Approved rendering: El Însuși a purtat păcatele noastre în trupul Său, pe lemn
Transliteration: tas hamartias hēmōn autos anēnenken en tō sōmati autou epi to xylon
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: pe cruce (loses the intentional Isaiah 53 / Deut 21:23 ‘tree/wood’ echo)
Original: τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Atonement
2:24, citing/echoing Isaiah 53. Parallel to the baseline’s atonement/propitiation Critical escalation trigger (Romans 3:25). ‘Lemn’ must be preserved rather than flattened to ‘cruce,’ with a translator’s note explaining the echo. Mandatory theologian review.
Elder
Approved rendering: prezbiter (bătrân)
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: preot (Orthodox default; carries full sacerdotal/ordination weight not addressed by 1 Peter 5)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Order
5:1. Major documented translation fork. Recommend ‘prezbiter (bătrân)’ as primary rendering, with mandatory explicit note that Orthodox readers will likely supply ‘preot’ — neither reading may be silently assumed. The text’s own emphasis (humble, non-domineering, example-setting shepherding) applies regardless of office-vocabulary chosen.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: sfințiți pe Hristos Domnul în inimile voastre
Transliteration: kyrion de ton Christon hagiasate en tais kardiais hymōn
Doctrine: Sanctifying Christ as Lord and Giving a Reasoned Defense of Hope
Original: κύριον δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Category: Christology
3:15, citing/echoing Isaiah 8:13. OT YHWH-sanctifying language applied directly to Christ; requires mandatory theologian review as a deity-of-Christ text and must not be diluted into generic reverence.
Christ Suffered For Sins
Approved rendering: Hristos a suferit o dată pentru păcate, El, cel drept, pentru cei nedrepți
Transliteration: Christos hapax peri hamartiōn epathen, dikaios hyper adikōn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Atonement
3:18. The clearest single-verse substitutionary summary in the letter, parallel to 2:24. Mandatory theologian review.
Made Alive In The Spirit
Approved rendering: omorât fiind cu trupul, dar viu făcut cu duhul
Transliteration: thanatōtheis men sarki zōopoiētheis de pneumati
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ζῳοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι
Category: Christology
3:18. Notoriously debated clause; must not be read as denying bodily resurrection, secured against docetic misreading by 3:21’s explicit ἀνάστασις. Mandatory theologian review with explicit translator note in every occurrence.
Proclaimed To Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: S-a dus și a propovăduit duhurilor din închisoare
Transliteration: pneumasin en phylakē poreutheis ekēryxen
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: a predicat evanghelia (imports εὐαγγελίζω’s sense onto a distinct verb, κηρύσσω)
Original: πνεύμασιν ἐν φυλακῇ πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Eschatology
3:19-20. The core exegetical crux of the letter; simultaneously a genuine interpretive difficulty and a significant Orthodox liturgical asset (Great and Holy Saturday’s Descent into Hades, the Anastasis icon). Must be rendered distinctly from ‘a vesti evanghelia.’ Mandatory theologian review.
Gospel Preached To The Dead
Approved rendering: evanghelia a fost vestită celor morți
Transliteration: nekrois euēngelisthē
Doctrine: The Gospel Proclaimed in Relation to the Dead
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Eschatology
4:6. Companion crux to 3:19, using a distinct verb (εὐαγγελίζω) from 3:19’s κηρύσσω. Must not be taught as a general post-mortem ‘second chance’ doctrine, in tension with 4:7’s urgent this-life exhortation. Mandatory theologian review.
Baptism Now Saves You
Approved rendering: asemenea chip vă mântuiește și pe voi botezul
Transliteration: ho kai hymas antitypon nyn sōzei baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation
Original: ὃ καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀντίτυπον νῦν σῴζει βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation
3:21a. Direct sacramental-efficacy flashpoint between Orthodox/Catholic and Evangelical/Cornilescu readings. Must never be translated or taught apart from its qualifying clause (‘appeal_to_god_good_conscience’). Mandatory theologian review.
Appeal To God Good Conscience
Approved rendering: cerere către Dumnezeu a unei conștiințe bune
Transliteration: syneidēseōs agathēs eperōtēma eis theon
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation
Original: συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα εἰς θεόν
Category: Salvation
3:21b. Peter’s own explicit qualification of what ‘saves’ in baptism. Companion clause to ‘baptism_now_saves_you’ above; must always be translated and taught together with it, never in isolation. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evanghelie
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Petru 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17. Must convey an authoritative announcement of salvation through Christ crucified and risen, not generic good news.
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 1:7 pairs faith explicitly with fire-tested genuineness (δοκίμιον); must not collapse into inherited Orthodox cultural identity.
Called
Approved rendering: chemat
Transliteration: klētos / kaleō
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: κλητός / καλέω (participle)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 2:21’s ‘called to this’ (suffering unjustly) is a distinctive 1 Peter sense not present in Romans; must not be softened. Occurs 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10.
Calling
Approved rendering: chemare
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις (concept)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Must never default to ‘chemare monahală’; thematic across 2:9, 2:21, 5:10.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sfințire
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 1:2 places the Spirit’s sanctifying work before, not after, obedience and blood-sprinkling; sequence should be preserved so sanctification is not implied to be earned.
Law
Approved rendering: lege
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not used as a distinct term in 1 Peter itself; retained here for full-book-coverage completeness and cross-document consistency, marked N/A for direct occurrence in this book.
Sin
Approved rendering: păcat
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package but risk elevated from the baseline’s Medium to High within this book: 1 Peter’s usage is concentrated in the atonement passages (2:24 x2, 3:18) directly linked to Critical substitutionary-suffering doctrine. Also occurs 1:19 (implicit), 2:22, 4:1, 4:8.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ascultarea credinței
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ascultare de rânduielile bisericești
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter does not use this exact fixed phrase; retained here for cross-document consistency. See ‘obedience’ below for 1 Peter’s own root usage (ὑπακοή applied to Christ’s revelation, not the fixed Pauline phrase).
Obedience
Approved rendering: ascultare
Transliteration: hypakoē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ascultare de rânduielile bisericești sau de calendarul liturgic
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
NEW entry, root-adapted for 1 Peter (1:2, 1:14, 1:22), distinct from the fixed Pauline phrase ‘ascultarea credinței.’ Must not collapse into ecclesiastical-ordinance or liturgical-calendar compliance, per the same caution the baseline records for the Pauline phrase.
Election
Approved rendering: alegere / ales
Transliteration: eklektos / eklogē
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged root. 1 Peter compounds the baseline’s synergism/monergism tension with the ethnic-national resonance of ‘neam’ when combined with γένος (2:9); see ‘chosen_race’ below.
Providence
Approved rendering: pronia lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Foreknowledge and Providence
Rejected alternatives: soartă, destin
Original: πρόνοια (concept; cf. πρόγνωσις)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated to High within this book because πρόγνωσις is applied to both believers (1:2) and Christ (1:20), doubling the election/foreknowledge tension. Also grounds 5:7’s ‘cast your anxiety on him.‘
Living Hope
Approved rendering: nădejde vie
Transliteration: elpis zōsa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: speranță vie (too generic/secular register)
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Eschatology
The letter’s programmatic opening term (1:3), the curriculum’s core-passage doctrine. Must always be co-located with ‘înviere’ in teaching material so the hope’s ground (a historical, bodily event) is not separated from the emotional/dispositional term.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: naștere din nou / a (ne) naște din nou
Transliteration: anagennaō
Doctrine: Regeneration / New Birth
Rejected alternatives: convertire (too narrow, misses the birth-metaphor), regenerare (too clinical/abstract)
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL COLLISION RISK: Orthodox sacramental theology ties ‘naștere din nou’ to baptismal regeneration through the Sfintele Taine; Romanian Evangelical culture treats ‘născut din nou’ as a personal-conversion slogan sometimes viewed as sectarian by Orthodox hearers. Must be taught across 1:3 (resurrection-grounded), 1:23 (word-grounded), and 3:21 (baptism-connected) together, never resolved toward either tradition alone.
Guarded By Gods Power
Approved rendering: păzit (prin puterea lui Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: phroureō
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation Under Trial
Rejected alternatives: a proteja (too weak, loses the military-garrison force)
Original: φρουρέω
Category: God
1:5. A military-garrison metaphor: believers are continuously shielded by God’s power toward final salvation. Connects to the baseline’s Assurance-of-Salvation tension with Orthodox theosis’ more provisional confidence.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: descoperire
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: arătare (viable liturgical alternative, may be noted for parousia contexts)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
1:5 (verb ἀποκαλυφθῆναι), 1:7, 1:13, 4:13. Keep consistent across all occurrences and distinct from the unrelated sense of ‘revelation’ as scriptural inspiration.
Tested Genuineness Of Faith
Approved rendering: încercarea (dovedită a) credinței
Transliteration: dokimion
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: încercare (bare form; loses the proven-quality outcome distinct from the trial-event)
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
1:7. Must be kept distinct from πειρασμός (the trial-event itself, v.6); this is the proven-quality outcome, more valuable than perishable gold. Never abbreviate to bare ‘încercare’ in doctrinal teaching.
Trial
Approved rendering: încercare
Transliteration: peirasmos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: ispită (wrongly implies temptation to sin)
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
1:6, 4:12. Context-sensitive; 1 Peter’s usage is external testing/persecution, not internal enticement to sin. Consistency required across chs. 1 and 4.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: cunoștința mai dinainte a lui Dumnezeu / preștiința
Transliteration: prognōsis / proginōskō
Doctrine: Foreknowledge and Providence
Rejected alternatives: predestinare (imports more systematic weight than the term bears)
Original: πρόγνωσις / προγινώσκω
Category: God
1:2 (believers), 1:20 (Christ). Shares the baseline’s election tension: avoid both strict Calvinist monergism and a reduction to mere passive divine awareness, especially since the same term describes Christ’s own eternally purposed redemptive role.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: străini și călători
Transliteration: paroikoi kai parepidēmoi
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Exiles
Rejected alternatives: pribegi (regional/poetic variant, acceptable alternative)
Original: πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Christian Identity
1:1, 2:11. Directly intersects the baseline’s christian_identity_in_christ tension; must be taught as compatible with civic responsibility (2:13-17), never as national rootlessness or disloyalty, given the historic fusion of Orthodoxy and Romanian national identity.
Conduct
Approved rendering: purtare
Transliteration: anastrophē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: comportament (too clinical/secular register), viață (too broad, loses behavioral specificity)
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
Recurring structural keyword: 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1, 3:2, 3:16. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence so the letter’s deliberate repeated-keyword argument remains visible.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: neam sfânt
Transliteration: ethnos hagion
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
2:9, citing Exod 19:6. Same ‘neam’/national-identity caution as ‘chosen_race’ above.
People For Gods Possession
Approved rendering: popor agonisit (de Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: laos eis peripoiēsin
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: popor deosebit (loses the ‘acquired/purchased’ nuance)
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
2:9, citing Isa 43:21/Mal 3:17. ‘Agonisit’ is archaic, liturgically-flavored Orthodox Synodal vocabulary; may need a plain-language gloss (‘dobândit, câștigat de Dumnezeu ca al Său’) on first occurrence.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: piatră vie
Transliteration: lithos zōn
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology
2:4, 2:6-8. Messianic stone-imagery (Ps 118:22; Isa 28:16); must retain ‘living’ (ζῶν), not merely an inert building-stone metaphor. Low syncretism risk given well-attested messianic imagery.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: jertfe duhovnicești
Transliteration: pneumatikas thysias
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: πνευματικὰς θυσίας
Category: Church
2:5. Must be distinguished from, without needless opposition to, the sacramental Eucharistic sacrifice central to Orthodox liturgical theology; describes the whole congregation’s worshipful life, not a rival sacramental claim.
Submission
Approved rendering: a se supune
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
Governs 2:13 (civil authority), 2:18 (servants), 3:1,5 (wives), 5:5 (younger/elders). Politically sensitive given the historic entanglement of the Romanian Orthodox Church with state power (symphonia/caesaropapism); must always be anchored to Christ’s own submission-unto-unjust-suffering pattern (2:21-23), never a detached blanket social ethic.
Suffering
Approved rendering: a suferi / suferință
Transliteration: paschō / pathēma
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering
Recurring keyword for the letter’s whole theology of suffering, applied both to Christ (1:11; 2:21,23; 3:18; 4:1) and believers (2:19-20; 3:14,17; 4:1,13,15-16,19; 5:1,9-10). Must be kept terminologically distinct from suffering for wrongdoing, which the text does not commend (2:20a).
Endure
Approved rendering: a răbda
Transliteration: hypomenō
Doctrine: Christlike Endurance of Unjust Suffering
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
2:19-20. Specifically endurance of unjust suffering, distinguished from mere passive resignation and anchored to Christ’s own example (2:21-23).
Wound Healed
Approved rendering: rana Lui / ați fost vindecați
Transliteration: mōlōps / iathēte
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: μώλωψ / ἰάθητε
Category: Atonement
2:24, citing Isaiah 53:5. Must be taught as healing from sin’s power and guilt per the verse’s own purpose clause (‘that we might die to sin and live to righteousness’), guarding against extension into a Word-of-Faith physical-healing promise.
Shepherd And Overseer Of Souls
Approved rendering: Păstorul și Episcopul (sufletelor voastre)
Transliteration: poimēn kai episkopos tōn psychōn
Doctrine: Christ as the Chief Shepherd
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Christology
2:25. ‘Episcop’ directly names the Orthodox hierarchical office. Requires an explicit note in every occurrence distinguishing Christ’s unique cosmic office from, while affirming it as the archetype of, the human episcopal office taken up in ch. 5.
Shepherd The Flock
Approved rendering: a păstori turma (lui Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: poimainō to poimnion tou theou
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμαίνω τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church Order
5:2. Must be linked to 2:25’s Christ-as-Shepherd-and-Overseer so human elders are understood as accountable under-shepherds, not autonomous authorities.
Domineering
Approved rendering: a stăpâni peste
Transliteration: katakyrieuō
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Church Order
5:3. Explicitly prohibited authoritarian, self-enriching leadership; central positive content for the doctrine and directly relevant to any leadership-abuse concern within hierarchical church structures.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: focul încercării
Transliteration: pyrōsis
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
4:12. Metallurgical-refining metaphor echoing 1:7’s δοκίμιον; must be linked back for thematic consistency. Suffering is framed as refining, not punitive or alien.
Partakers Of Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: a fi părtaș suferințelor lui Hristos
Transliteration: koinōneite tois tou Christou pathēmasin
Doctrine: Participation in Christ’s Sufferings
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
4:1, 4:13-14. Elevated risk beyond ordinary ‘părtășie’ (fellowship, Low risk) given the specific doctrinal weight of suffering-union with Christ specifically; not generalized social solidarity.
Gentle And Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: duh blând și liniștit
Transliteration: praeōs kai hēsychiou pneumatos
Doctrine: Christian Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: πραέως καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος
Category: Ethics
3:4. Commended inward disposition, not enforced silence or passivity; requires pastoral care in application, paired with 3:7’s mutuality, to prevent culturally reinforced one-sided readings.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: sfânt
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 1:15-16’s triple citation of Lev 11:44-45/19:2 intensifies the baseline caution against a monastic-ascetic-elite reading; addressed to the whole scattered church.
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Opening and closing epistolary blessing (1:2, 5:14) and ethical pursuit (3:11).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: daruri duhovnicești
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: harisme rezervate în special stareților și duhovnicilor
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 4:10’s ‘each’ (ἕκαστος) is explicitly congregation-wide, not reserved for monastic elders (stareți) or spiritual fathers (duhovnici).
Church
Approved rendering: Biserică
Transliteration: ekklēsia (concept; word itself not used in 1 Peter)
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist
Original: (concept, via λαός, οἶκος, ποίμνιον; ἐκκλησία not used)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (concept only). 1 Peter expresses the concept through temple/household/flock imagery (ch. 2) rather than the word ἐκκλησία; retain the baseline’s caution against an exclusivist institutional-continuity claim.
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. One of 1 Peter’s most frequent theological terms (1:7,8,11,21,24; 2:12; 4:11,13,14; 5:1,4,10); 1:8’s ‘joy already glorified’ (perfect tense) should retain its proleptic nuance.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: puterea lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Paired in 1 Petru 1:5 with the military verb φρουρέω (‘guarded’); see ‘guarded_by_gods_power’ below.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: moștenire
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: The Believer’s Imperishable Inheritance
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Eschatology
1 Petru 1:4. Requires OT land-inheritance background teaching (Israel’s inheritance of Canaan) so it is not read as a vague, generic blessing.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: nestricăcios / nestricăcioasă
Transliteration: aphthartos
Doctrine: The Believer’s Imperishable Inheritance
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
1:4; contrast with ‘gold that perishes’ (1:7) and ‘corruptible things like silver or gold’ (1:18) should remain visible in teaching material.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: Mielul fără cusur și fără prihană
Transliteration: amnos amōmos kai aspilos
Doctrine: Christ as the Lamb Without Blemish
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Atonement
1:19. Strong positive liturgical resonance with ‘Mielul lui Dumnezeu’ in the Orthodox Divine Liturgy; low syncretism risk, but requires OT sacrificial-purity background (Exod 12:5; Lev 22:19-25).
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: casă duhovnicească
Transliteration: oikos pneumatikos
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
2:5. Temple imagery transferred to the believing community, built of living stones.
Humility
Approved rendering: smerenie
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynē
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Ethics
5:5, echoing 3:8’s ταπεινόφρονες. Orthodox spirituality treats ‘smerenie’ as a cardinal monastic-ascetic virtue; teach through 1 Peter’s own relational, congregational, mutual-submission sense, not solitary ascetic self-mortification.
Unfading Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: cununa cea neveștejită a slavei
Transliteration: amarantinon tēs doxēs stephanon
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινον τῆς δόξης στέφανον
Category: Eschatology
5:4, echoing 1:4’s ἀμάραντος. Positive resonance with the Orthodox wedding crowning rite (cununie) and martyrs’ crowns in iconography; distinguish this specific eschatological reward-crown from both liturgical referents.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: conștiință bună
Transliteration: syneidēsis agathē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Ethics
3:16, 3:21. Standard theological-ethical term across Romanian Christian traditions; must be rendered consistently in both occurrences.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: Ziditorul credincios
Transliteration: pistos ktistēs
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
4:19. Rare NT divine title (unique occurrence), grounding endurance in God’s reliable ownership of all life as Creator; opportunity to affirm creation theology alongside soteriology.
Sober Watchful
Approved rendering: treji / veghetori
Transliteration: nēphō / grēgoreō
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Watchfulness
Original: νήφω / γρηγορέω
Category: Ethics
1:13, 4:7, 5:8. Recurring Petrine keyword; consistency required across all three occurrences.
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: potrivnicul vostru, diavolul
Transliteration: ho antidikos hymōn diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Watchfulness
Original: ὁ ἀντίδικος ὑμῶν διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
5:8. Standard demonology vocabulary shared across Romanian Christian traditions; low syncretism risk.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: vas mai slab
Transliteration: asthenesteron skeuos
Doctrine: Christian Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Ethics
3:7. Must be taught as a call to honor and protection, not inferior worth, read together with ‘joint_heirs_grace_of_life’ immediately following.
Joint Heirs Grace Of Life
Approved rendering: împreună-moștenitori ai harului vieții
Transliteration: synklēronomoi charitos zōēs
Doctrine: Christian Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
3:7. Grounds marital mutuality in shared inheritance, balancing ‘weaker_vessel’ language; must always be read together with it.
Gird Up The Loins Of Mind
Approved rendering: încingeți-vă mijlocul minții (pregătiți-vă mintea de luptă)
Transliteration: anazōsamenoi tas osphyas tēs dianoias
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναζωσάμενοι τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας
Category: Ethics
1:13. Hebraic Passover-posture idiom (Exod 12:11); retain the literal archaism paired with a plain-language gloss, never rendered literally without the gloss.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Peter’s self-designation, 1 Petru 1:1.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: părtășie
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: comuniune (carries stronger Orthodox Eucharistic/liturgical association)
Original: κοινωνία (root; verbal κοινωνέω at 4:13)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, for the noun sense. See separate ‘partakers_of_christs_sufferings’ entry for 4:13’s elevated-risk verbal usage (κοινωνέω applied specifically to suffering-union with Christ), which carries more doctrinal weight than ordinary fellowship.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: neamuri
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: păgâni (pejorative)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12, 4:3; frames the hostile-observer motif of Holiness in Conduct.
Prophet
Approved rendering: proroc
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 1:10.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prorocie
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία (concept)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Petru 1:11-12.
Exhort
Approved rendering: a îndemna
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Peter’s own stated purpose in writing (5:12); pastoral posture at 2:11, 5:1.
Undefiled
Approved rendering: neîntinat / neîntinată
Transliteration: amiantos
Doctrine: The Believer’s Imperishable Inheritance
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Eschatology
1:4; standard, low-ambiguity term.
Unfading
Approved rendering: neveștejit / neveștejită
Transliteration: amarantos
Doctrine: The Believer’s Imperishable Inheritance
Original: ἀμάραντος
Category: Eschatology
1:4, echoed at 5:4’s ‘cununa neveștejită a slavei.’ Preserve cognate Romanian forms consistently to keep the literary link visible.
Christian Identity Label
Approved rendering: creștin
Transliteration: Christianos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Christian Identity
4:16. One of only three NT occurrences of this outsider-coined label, embraced as a badge of honor. Worth a brief historical note; no significant translation ambiguity.