Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Philippians — English/Greek → Romanian

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all four chapters of Philippians. Terms marked [Baseline] are fixed in the Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly, without alteration, per the hard rules governing this pipeline. Terms marked [New] are introduced by this Language Package extension for the Philippians curriculum and must be loaded into an updated translation memory before Phase 2 begins.

#	English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Romanian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine Category	Status	Grounded Risk Reason
1	Gospel	εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion	evanghelie	High	Partnership in the Gospel	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; specific proclamation of salvation, not generic good news.
2	Grace	χάρις / charis	har	Critical	Incarnation/Kenosis; general	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; Orthodox Palamite participatory reading must not be flattened into pure legal favor.
3	Faith	πίστις / pistis	credință	High	Righteousness by Faith vs. Law	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; personal trust in Christ, not inherited religious identity.
4	Righteousness	δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē	dreptate	Critical	Righteousness by Faith vs. Law	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; central to Phil 3:9’s thesis paralleling Romans 3–4.
5	Salvation	σωτηρία / sōtēria	mântuire	Critical	Joy in Suffering; general	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; Orthodox theosis-process reading must coexist with Paul’s decisive-faith emphasis.
6	Law	νόμος / nomos	lege	High	Righteousness by Faith vs. Law	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; the Mosaic law contrasted with faith-righteousness in ch. 3.
7	Saints	ἅγιοι / hagioi	sfinți	Critical	Church address	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; corporate-all-believers sense (1:1; 4:22) requires the same canonized-veneration disambiguation note as Romans 1:7.
8	Glory	δόξα / doxa	slavă	Medium-High (context-dependent)	Incarnation/Kenosis	[Baseline]	Reused exactly for God’s glory (2:11); flagged higher where compounded negatively as κενοδοξία (2:3) to avoid confusion with divine glory.
9	Calling	κλῆσις / κλητός / klēsis/klētos	chemare / chemat	High	Pressing on toward the Goal	[Baseline]	Reused exactly (3:14); must not default to “chemare monahală.”
10	Fellowship / Partnership	κοινωνία / koinōnia	părtășie	High (elevated from baseline Low for mission-partnership sense)	Partnership in the Gospel; Joy in Suffering	[Baseline term, extended sense flagged]	Reused rendering, but Philippians uses κοινωνία for concrete financial/missional gospel partnership (1:5; 4:14–15) and fellowship of Christ’s sufferings (3:10) and of the Spirit (2:1) — senses beyond Romans’ general fellowship use; each occurrence needs a translator note specifying which sense is active.
11	Peace	εἰρήνη / eirēnē	pace	Medium	Contentment in All Circumstances	[Baseline]	Reused exactly (1:2; 4:7, 9).
12	Lord	κύριος / kyrios	Domnul	Critical	Kenosis / Exaltation	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; 2:11’s confession must read “Iisus Hristos este Domnul,” verbatim-consistent with Romans 10:9.
13	Thanksgiving	εὐχαριστία / eucharistia	mulțumire	Low	Contentment (contrast term)	[Baseline]	Reused exactly (4:6); MUST be kept distinct from the new term “contentment” (see #38) to avoid collision.
14	Apostle	ἀπόστολος / apostolos	apostol	Low	Partnership in the Gospel	[Baseline]	Reused exactly; broader “sent one” sense at 2:25 noted but not renamed.
15	Jesus	Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous	Iisus	Critical	Kenosis; Lordship	[Baseline]	Reused exactly, Orthodox Synodal spelling; never mixed with “Isus” in one document.
16	God	θεός / theos	Dumnezeu	Critical	Incarnation/Kenosis	[Baseline]	Reused exactly.
17	Father	πατήρ / patēr	Tată	Critical	Kenosis (2:11)	[Baseline]	Reused exactly.
18	Resurrection	ἀνάστασις / anastasis	înviere	Critical	Pressing on toward the Goal	[Baseline]	Reused exactly (3:10–11, 21); must retain bodily, historical precision, not vague “transformation.”
19	Obedience of Faith (contrast term)	ὑπακοή πίστεως / hypakoē pisteōs	ascultarea credinței	High	(contrast reference only)	[Baseline, contrast-flagged]	Reused exactly, but must NOT be conflated with Christ’s unique redemptive obedience unto death (2:8, see #24) — different referent, same root word family.
20	Christ (proper name)	Χριστός / Christos	Hristos	Critical	Kenosis; Lordship	[New — established convention]	Standard Romanian Orthodox form; paired consistently with Iisus per baseline transliteration conventions.
21	Kenosis / Self-Emptying	ἐκένωσεν / ekenōsen	S-a deșertat pe Sine; theological noun chenoză	Critical	The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)	[New]	The central verb of Phil 2:7; must not imply Christ ceased to be divine (Arian-adjacent risk) nor be softened to mere circumstantial humbling. Romanian Orthodox academic theology’s existing “chenoză” discourse is a resource, not a substitute for careful teaching.
22	Form of God	μορφὴ Θεοῦ / morphē theou	chip [de Dumnezeu]	Critical	Kenosis; Deity of Christ	[New]	Directly asserts Christ’s pre-existent deity; chip collides with Imago Dei/icon-theology vocabulary (Genesis 1:26) and requires a disambiguating note distinguishing Christ’s essential divine “chip” from humanity’s derivative “chip și asemănare.”
23	Not to Be Grasped	ἁρπαγμός / harpagmos	(Synodal) n-a socotit o știrbire; (Cornilescu alt.) un lucru de apucat	Critical	Kenosis; Deity of Christ	[New]	Genuine cross-tradition divergence in how Romanian Bibles construe this term (loss-avoidance vs. grasping-for-advantage); both preserve Christ’s deity but with different emphasis. This package adopts the Synodal construction as primary.
24	Form of a Servant/Slave	μορφὴ δούλου / morphē doulou	chip de rob	High	Kenosis; Unity and Humility	[New]	Rob (slave) must not be softened to slujitor (servant); the doctrinal force depends on the starkest available servitude term, contrasting directly with morphē theou.
25	Likeness of Men	ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων / homoiōma anthrōpōn	asemenea oamenilor	High	Kenosis; Humanity of Christ	[New]	Affirms Christ’s genuine, not merely apparent, humanity; paired doctrinally with #22–24.
26	Humbled Himself / Humility	ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν / ταπεινοφροσύνη / etapeinōsen heauton / tapeinophrosynē	S-a smerit pe Sine; smerenie	High	Unity and Humility in the Church	[New]	Smerenie is a deeply resonant Orthodox ascetic/monastic virtue term (asset), but risks narrowing to a specialized ascetic practice rather than Paul’s call to every believer, patterned on Christ’s own concrete action (2:6–8).
27	Death of the Cross	θανάτου … σταυροῦ / thanatou… staurou	moarte de cruce	Critical	Kenosis; Atonement-adjacent	[New]	Orthodox veneration of the Cross is a genuine asset but risks obscuring the original scandal/shame of crucifixion (reserved for slaves and criminals) that Paul deliberately invokes.
28	Highly Exalted	ὑπερύψωσεν / hyperypsōsen	L-a preaînălțat	Critical	Kenosis (reversal); Lordship of Christ	[New]	Directly continuous with baseline Critical Lordship/Deity doctrines; the hinge verse of the kenotic reversal.
29	The Name Above Every Name	τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα	Numele care este mai sus decât orice nume	Critical	Lordship of Christ	[New]	Ties Christ’s exaltation directly to the divine Name/authority; must connect explicitly to the baseline Critical “Domnul” entry.
30	Every Knee / Cosmic Confession	πᾶν γόνυ… ἐπουρανίων, ἐπιγείων, καταχθονίων / pan gony… epouraniōn kai epigeiōn kai katachthoniōn	să se plece tot genunchiul… cele cerești, cele pământești și cele de sub pământ	Medium	Lordship of Christ	[New]	Cosmic-totality formula; avoid collapsing “under the earth” into narrow Romanian folk-eschatological categories.
31	Jesus Christ is Lord (confession)	κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός / kyrios Iēsous Christos	Iisus Hristos este Domnul	Critical	Lordship of Christ	[New — bound to Baseline #12]	MUST be verbatim-consistent with the baseline’s Romans 10:9 rendering pattern; no qualification or reordering permitted.
32	Overseers	ἐπίσκοποι / episkopoi	episcopi (functional gloss recommended)	High	Unity and Humility in the Church	[New]	Romanian episcop carries the full weight of Orthodoxy’s monoepiscopal, apostolic-succession office; Paul’s plural, local, first-generation usage risks importing later institutional structure onto the text.
33	Deacons	διάκονοι / diakonoi	diaconi (functional gloss recommended)	Medium-High	Unity and Humility in the Church	[New]	Same institutional-collision caution as #32, moderated slightly by the term’s broader “servant/minister” range elsewhere in the NT.
34	Partnership in the Gospel	κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον / koinōnia eis to euangelion	părtășia voastră la Evanghelie	High	Partnership in the Gospel	[New — doctrine-level entry]	Concrete missional/financial partnership (1:5; 4:15), distinct from Romans’ general fellowship sense; the curriculum’s named doctrine, requiring dedicated translator notes at every occurrence.
35	Joy / Rejoice	χαίρω / χαρά / chairō/chara	a se bucura / bucurie	High	Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment	[New — doctrine-level entry]	Orthodox reverence for redemptive suffering is an asset but risks conflating Paul’s gospel-confidence joy with suffering-as-inherently-meritorious.
36	Selfish Ambition / Vain Conceit	ἐριθεία / κενοδοξία / eritheia/kenodoxia	ambiție egoistă / slavă deșartă	Medium	Unity and Humility in the Church	[New]	Kenodoxia’s compound with δόξα/slavă risks momentary collision with God’s own reserved glory-language; the qualifier deșartă must always accompany it.
37	Righteousness from Law vs. from God through Faith	δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου… ἐκ Θεοῦ διὰ πίστεως	dreptatea din Lege… dreptatea de la Dumnezeu, prin credință	Critical	Righteousness by Faith versus the Law	[New — doctrine-level entry]	The curriculum’s central thesis verse (3:9), directly paralleling Romans 3–4 and baseline’s “imputed_righteousness” entry; cross-curriculum consistency is mandatory.
38	Contentment / Self-Sufficiency	αὐτάρκεια / αὐτάρκης / autarkeia/autarkēs	îndestulare	High	Contentment in All Circumstances	[New — doctrine-level entry]	Direct collision risk with baseline’s “thanksgiving” = mulțumire (used two verses earlier, 4:6); this package fixes îndestulare as the dedicated term to prevent conflating two distinct Greek concepts.
39	Fellowship of His Sufferings	κοινωνία παθημάτων αὐτοῦ / koinōnia pathēmatōn autou	părtășia suferințelor Lui	High	Joy in Suffering; Pressing on toward the Goal	[New — extended sense of #10]	Must always be paired with “power of his resurrection” (3:10b) to preserve Paul’s balanced argument; theosis-through-suffering resonance is an asset only if resurrection-hope is retained alongside it.
40	Conformed / Transformed	συμμορφίζομαι / μετασχηματίζω / symmorphizomai/metaschēmatizō	asemănat cu…/ va schimba la înfățișare	High	Pressing on toward the Goal	[New]	Theosis-adjacent transformation vocabulary (3:10, 21); must retain the specific bodily-resurrection referent, consistent with baseline’s cautions against vague “spiritual renewal” readings of resurrection.
41	Press On / Goal / Prize	διώκω / σκοπός / βραβεῖον / diōkō/skopos/brabeion	alerg / țintă / premiul	Medium	Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ	[New — doctrine-level entry]	Athletic-race metaphor; must not imply justification’s certainty is in question, only ongoing growth toward maturity.
42	Citizenship in Heaven	πολίτευμα / πολιτεύομαι / politeuma/politeuomai	cetățenia noastră este în ceruri	High	Citizenship in Heaven	[New — doctrine-level entry]	Romanian Orthodox identity’s historical entanglement with national identity (neam) creates risk of muting this text’s claim that believers’ primary citizenship is heavenly, not earthly/national.
43	Savior	σωτήρ / sōtēr	Mântuitor	Critical	Citizenship in Heaven; Salvation	[New — bound to Baseline #5]	Reuses the baseline’s Critical mântuire root; one of Romanian Christianity’s most liturgically central titles — an asset requiring doctrinal precision, not caution against the term itself.
44	Obedient unto Death (Christ’s)	γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου	ascultător până la moarte	High	Kenosis (contrast with Baseline #19)	[New]	Christ’s unique redemptive obedience; must not be conflated with the believer’s “obedience of faith” (Baseline #19), a different referent sharing the same root word family.
45	Work Out Your Salvation / God Who Works in You	κατεργάζεσθε… ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν	lucrați… la mântuirea voastră… Cel ce lucrează în voi	High	Contentment / general soteriology	[New]	Classic synergism proof-text; Orthodox readers will read this comfortably, but the two verses (2:12–13) must be taught together to avoid an isolated merit-based reading.
46	Learned the Secret (mystery-initiation term)	μεμύημαι / memyēmai	m-am deprins cu taina	Medium-High	Contentment in All Circumstances	[New]	Collision risk with Romanian taină as the technical term for the Holy Mysteries/sacraments; requires a translator note distinguishing Paul’s rhetorical mystery-cult borrowing from sacramental technical usage.
47	The One Who Strengthens Me	ἐνδυναμοῦντι / endynamounti	Cel ce mă întărește	High	Contentment in All Circumstances	[New]	Widely (mis)quoted in a generic self-help sense; must retain the explicit “through Christ” source and the immediate contentment context (4:11–12).
48	Giving and Receiving	δόσις καὶ λῆμψις / dosis kai lēmpsis	dăruit și primit	High	Partnership in the Gospel	[New — concrete instance of #34]	The concrete financial referent of the gospel-partnership doctrine; must not be generalized away from its specific material-support context.
49	Flesh (self-reliant credentials)	σάρξ / sarx	trup / carne	Medium	Righteousness by Faith versus the Law	[New]	Denotes self-reliant human credentials/effort in ch. 3, not merely the physical body; risk of conflating the two senses.
50	Rubbish/Dung	σκύβαλον / skybalon	gunoi / lepădături	Medium	Righteousness by Faith versus the Law	[New]	Deliberately crude term; register must be preserved, not softened into polite abstraction.
51	Servant/Slave (general)	δοῦλος / doulos	rob	High	Kenosis; Unity and Humility	[New]	Applied to Paul (1:1) and to Christ (2:7) alike; must not be softened to slujitor, since the letter’s argument depends on the shared force of the term.
52	Worship in the Spirit	λατρεύειν πνεύματι Θεοῦ / latreuein pneumati Theou	a sluji lui Dumnezeu în Duh	Low-Medium (asset)	Righteousness by Faith versus the Law	[New]	λατρεία underlies the Orthodox theological latria/dulia distinction (worship due God alone vs. veneration of saints/icons) — a positive resource for teaching exclusive worship without contradicting Orthodox devotional practice.

Notes for Translation Memory Update

All 21 [New] doctrine-level and term-level entries above (rows 20–52, excluding contrast-only rows 19 and 44 which reference existing baseline entries) must be added to an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the baseline’s own update procedure (“Record the new term in translation memory BEFORE completing the segment translation… Flag the new entry for theologian review if the term is Critical or High risk”).
Rows flagged Critical here (5, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 37, 43) require human theologian review for every occurrence, per baseline routing conventions.
Row 38 (îndestulare for “contentment”) and row 46 (taina for “mystery/secret”) are flagged specifically to prevent terminological collision with existing baseline/adjacent terms (mulțumire/thanksgiving; Sfintele Taine/sacraments) — this collision-prevention rationale should be preserved verbatim in the updated translation memory’s notes field for both entries.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Appears at the greeting (1:2) and benediction (4:23), and at 1:29 where suffering itself is described as ‘graciously granted’ (echaristhē) — must retain the grace-root connection so suffering is taught as a gift of grace, not merit or fate. Orthodox Palamite participatory reading must not be flattened into pure legal favor.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: dreptate
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dreptate câștigată exclusiv prin efort moral propriu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:9 is the letter’s central soteriological thesis, directly paralleling Romans 3-4; must be taught in continuity with ‘dreptate imputată’ and never collapse into moral achievement.

Salvation

Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Appears at 1:19, 1:28, and underlies 2:12’s ‘lucrați… la mântuirea voastră’; Orthodox theosis-process reading must coexist with, not erase, Paul’s language of a salvation already secured and being outworked.

Saints

Approved rendering: sfinți
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: sfinți canonizați, venerați prin icoane și moaște, invocați ca mijlocitori
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Appears at Philippians 1:1 and 4:22 (‘toți sfinții’), where the corporate sense risks being read through Orthodox popular piety’s canonized-saint veneration; requires the same explicit all-believers translator note as Romans 1:7 at every occurrence. 4:22 risks a specific association with the Orthodox All Saints feast and requires the strongest form of the disambiguation note in the book.

Lord

Approved rendering: Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. The Philippians 2:11 confession ‘Iisus Hristos este Domnul’ must be verbatim-consistent with the fixed Romans 10:9 rendering pattern, since both describe the identical exclusive-lordship confession.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, Orthodox Synodal spelling. Standardized throughout Philippians, paired consistently with ‘Hristos’; never mixed with the Evangelical/Cornilescu ‘Isus’ within one document.

God

Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, standard and unambiguous across all Romanian Christian traditions.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Appears in Philippians 1:19 (‘the Spirit of Jesus Christ’) and 2:1’s ‘părtășia Duhului’ (fellowship of the Spirit); must not be rendered with an impersonal universal-spirit or life-force term.

Father

Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the greeting (1:2) and the doxology (2:11, ‘spre slava lui Dumnezeu Tatăl’).

Resurrection

Approved rendering: înviere
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, an asset given Romanian Orthodox Easter’s central liturgical weight. Appears at Philippians 3:10-11 (‘puterea învierii Lui’) and underlies 3:21’s bodily transformation; must never be diluted into vague spiritual renewal, and must be taught alongside 3:10’s paired ‘fellowship of his sufferings’ rather than in isolation.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: dreptate imputată
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: îndreptățire doar ca transformare ontologică, fără niciun aspect juridic sau declarat
Original: δικαιοσύνη … ἐκ Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 3:9’s ‘dreptatea de la Dumnezeu, prin credință’ must be taught in explicit continuity with this doctrine so Orthodox readers do not quietly reabsorb Paul’s decisive faith-righteousness into a purely gradual theosis-transformation category, losing his contrast with law-based confidence.

Christ

Approved rendering: Hristos
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Mesia (bare title reading where the text functions as part of the proper name)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

New term formalizing the established Romanian Orthodox Bible form ‘Hristos,’ paired consistently with ‘Iisus’ per the baseline’s transliteration conventions. Used throughout Philippians both within the compound proper name ‘Iisus Hristos’ and standing alone; must never be replaced with a bare title reading where the text functions as part of the proper name.

Kenosis

Approved rendering: S-a deșertat pe Sine
Transliteration: heauton ekenōsen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: s-a golit (crude, register-mismatched literalism), doar și-a schimbat împrejurările exterioare (merely circumstantial humbling, no real self-limitation)
Original: ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν
Category: Christology

New term. The single most doctrinally load-bearing verb in Philippians 2. Must not imply Christ ceased to be divine (an Arian-adjacent error) nor be softened into merely ‘humbling his outward circumstances.’ Romanian Orthodox academic theology’s ‘chenoză’ discourse is a resource, not a substitute for careful teaching; must be taught alongside 2:6’s durative ‘fiind’ (hyparchōn), establishing Christ’s continuous, real possession of divine nature before and through the kenotic act.

Form Of God

Approved rendering: chip [de Dumnezeu]
Transliteration: morphē theou
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: μορφὴ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology

New term. Romanian ‘chip’ is the very word used for humanity’s creation ‘în chipul și asemănarea lui Dumnezeu’ (Facerea 1:26) and for icon theology (‘sfintele chipuri’). Requires a translator note distinguishing Christ’s essential, pre-existent divine ‘chip’ from humanity’s derivative, creaturely ‘chip și asemănare’ at every occurrence.

Not To Be Grasped

Approved rendering: n-a socotit o știrbire a fi întocmai cu Dumnezeu
Transliteration: harpagmos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: un lucru de apucat (Cornilescu/Evangelical-tradition construction; documented as a flagged alternative for Evangelical-facing material only, never primary)
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Christology

New term. Genuine cross-tradition translation divergence between the Orthodox Synodal construction (Christ risked no diminishment/‘știrbire’ to his equality with God) and the Cornilescu construction (Christ did not cling to that equality as a thing to be grasped for advantage). This package adopts the Synodal construction as primary per the baseline’s register-matching convention, while documenting the Cornilescu alternative for Evangelical-facing material.

Death Of The Cross

Approved rendering: moarte de cruce
Transliteration: thanatou de staurou
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ
Category: Christology

New term. Romanian Orthodox devotional life reveres the Cross intensely (veneration of the Holy Cross, feast of its Exaltation), a genuine asset, but this familiarity risks obscuring the original scandal Paul deliberately invokes — crucifixion as the death reserved for slaves and rebels. Must retain both the Cross’s honored, salvific status and the depth of shame it represented historically.

Highly Exalted

Approved rendering: L-a preaînălțat
Transliteration: hyperypsōsen
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: l-a binecuvântat / l-a onorat (generic ‘blessed/honored,’ loses superlative force)
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology

New term. The hinge verse of the entire kenotic movement, directly continuous with the baseline’s Critical Lordship-of-Christ and Deity-of-Christ doctrines; must retain its full superlative force, not a generic ‘blessed’ or ‘honored.‘

Name Above Every Name

Approved rendering: Numele care este mai sus decât orice nume
Transliteration: to onoma to hyper pan onoma
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology

New term. Directly ties Christ’s exaltation to the divine Name and authority reserved for YHWH in the Greek Old Testament; must connect explicitly to the baseline’s Critical ‘Domnul’ entry for full doctrinal continuity.

Jesus Christ Is Lord Confession

Approved rendering: Iisus Hristos este Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology

New term bound to the baseline’s fixed ‘lord’ entry. Must be verbatim-consistent with the baseline’s fixed Romans 10:9 rendering pattern (‘Iisus este Domnul’), here in its fuller form adding ‘Hristos.’ No qualification, softening, or reordering permitted.

Righteousness From Law Vs Faith

Approved rendering: dreptatea din Lege… dreptatea de la Dumnezeu, prin credință
Transliteration: dikaiosynē ek nomou… ek Theou dia pisteōs
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου … ἐκ Θεοῦ διὰ πίστεως
Category: Salvation

New doctrine-level term. The letter’s central soteriological thesis (3:9), directly paralleling Romans 3-4. Must reuse the baseline’s Critical ‘dreptate,’ ‘lege,’ and ‘credință’ exactly and be taught in explicit continuity with the baseline’s imputed-righteousness doctrine for full cross-curriculum consistency.

Savior

Approved rendering: Mântuitor
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven / Salvation
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation

New term bound to the baseline’s Critical ‘mântuire’ root. Among the most liturgically central titles in Romanian Christian devotion — a genuine asset requiring doctrinal precision, not caution against the term itself.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: evanghelie
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. In Philippians the gospel is specifically the object of partnership (1:5, ‘părtășia voastră la Evanghelie’) and proclamation despite imprisonment (1:12-18); must convey an authoritative announcement, not generic good news.

Faith

Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Central to the Philippians 3:9 thesis (‘dreptatea de la Dumnezeu, prin credință’) contrasted directly with law-based confidence; must not be diluted into inherited religious identity.

Law

Approved rendering: lege
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, including its baseline doctrine label. Contrasted with faith-righteousness at Philippians 3:6, 9 within Paul’s polemic against confidence in inherited religious credentials.

Calling

Approved rendering: chemare
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Appears at Philippians 3:14 (‘chemarea de sus a lui Dumnezeu’), the upward call tied to the athletic-race metaphor; must not default to the culturally strong Orthodox category of ‘chemare monahală.‘

Fellowship

Approved rendering: părtășie
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship / Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: comuniune (carries stronger Orthodox Eucharistic/liturgical association)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Low); this package elevates the risk tier to High because Philippians extends the term into distinct senses requiring an individual translator note at every occurrence: material/missional gospel partnership (1:5; 4:14-15), fellowship of the Spirit (2:1), and fellowship of Christ’s sufferings (3:10). The rendering itself (‘părtășie’) is unchanged; only the risk tier is extended to reflect this book’s added interpretive load.

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: ascultarea credinței
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ascultare de rânduielile bisericești
Original: ὑπακοὴ πίστεως
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, reused here as a contrast reference only. Must NOT be conflated with Christ’s own unique redemptive obedience unto death (Philippians 2:8, see ‘obedient_unto_death’), a different referent sharing the same Romanian root word family (ascultare).

Incarnation

Approved rendering: întrupare
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:6-8 is the letter’s own extended treatment of this doctrine; Orthodox theosis-framing of the incarnation (following Athanasius) is a resource but must not eclipse Paul’s specific emphasis on voluntary self-emptying and self-subordination as the pattern for Christian humility.

Form Of A Servant

Approved rendering: chip de rob
Transliteration: morphēn doulou
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: chip de slujitor (softens the stark servitude term, undermining the deity-to-slavery contrast)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology

New term. ‘Rob’ (slave) must be retained rather than softened to ‘slujitor’; the doctrinal force of the deity-to-slavery contrast with morphē theou depends on the starkest available Romanian servitude term.

Likeness Of Men

Approved rendering: asemenea oamenilor
Transliteration: homoiōma anthrōpōn
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων
Category: Christology

New term. Affirms Christ’s real, not merely apparent, humanity, paired in the same sentence-unit with the deity-affirming morphē theou; consistent with Orthodox iconographic tradition’s insistence on Christ’s fully depictable real human nature.

Humility

Approved rendering: smerenie / S-a smerit pe Sine
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynē / etapeinōsen heauton
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν
Category: Sanctification

New term. ‘Smerenie’ is deeply resonant in Romanian Orthodox spirituality (monastic asceticism, Pateric, Filocalia) — a genuine asset — but risks narrowing to a specialized ascetic virtue practiced by the especially devout rather than Paul’s call to every believer, patterned directly on Christ’s own concrete action in 2:6-8. Always pair with the concrete narrative anchor ‘S-a smerit pe Sine,’ never presented as free-standing ascetic technique.

Overseers

Approved rendering: episcopi (cu explicație funcțională)
Transliteration: episkopoi
Doctrine: Church Leadership Offices
Rejected alternatives: episcop în sensul deplin al oficiului monoepiscopal ortodox, cu succesiune apostolică și jurisdicție diocezană
Original: ἐπίσκοποι
Category: Church

New term. Romanian ‘episcop’ denotes the specific monoepiscopal office within Orthodoxy’s threefold Holy Orders, carrying apostolic-succession and diocesan-jurisdiction weight far beyond Paul’s plural, local, first-generation usage within a single city-church. A functional gloss (‘cei puși să vegheze/priveghetori’) is mandatory alongside the technical term.

Deacons

Approved rendering: diaconi (cu explicație funcțională)
Transliteration: diakonoi
Doctrine: Church Leadership Offices
Original: διάκονοι
Category: Church

New term. Same institutional-collision caution as ‘episkopoi,’ moderated by the term’s broader ‘servant/minister’ range elsewhere in the New Testament; the collision risk is less acute than for ‘episcopi’ but a functional gloss is still recommended at every occurrence.

Partnership In The Gospel

Approved rendering: părtășia voastră la Evanghelie
Transliteration: koinōnia eis to euangelion
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Mission

New doctrine-level term extending the baseline’s ‘părtășie.’ Concrete missional/financial partnership (1:5; 4:14-15), distinct from Romans’ general congregational fellowship and from Orthodox liturgical ‘comuniune.’ Requires a translator note clarifying the mission-partnership referent at every occurrence.

Joy Rejoice

Approved rendering: a se bucura / bucurie
Transliteration: chairō / chara
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: χαίρω / χαρά
Category: Sanctification

New doctrine-level term. Romanian Orthodox devotional culture deeply venerates redemptive suffering — an asset for resonance — but risks conflating Paul’s specific gospel-confidence joy with a generalized veneration of suffering as inherently meritorious. A translator note anchoring joy to gospel-advance, not suffering-as-virtue, is required at every occurrence.

Contentment

Approved rendering: îndestulare
Transliteration: autarkeia / autarkēs
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: autarhie (false friend — claimed almost entirely by political/economic self-sufficiency discourse in Romanian), mulțumire (would collide with the distinct, already-fixed rendering of thanksgiving two verses earlier at 4:6)
Original: αὐτάρκεια / αὐτάρκης
Category: Contentment

New doctrine-level term. Direct collision risk with the baseline’s ‘mulțumire’ (thanksgiving), used two verses earlier at 4:6. This Language Package fixes ‘îndestulare’ as the dedicated Philippians term for contentment, reserving ‘mulțumire’ exclusively for thanksgiving, to prevent conflating two distinct Greek concepts in the same short passage.

Fellowship Of His Sufferings

Approved rendering: părtășia suferințelor Lui
Transliteration: koinōnia pathēmatōn autou
Doctrine: Resurrection and Future Glorification
Original: κοινωνία [τῶν] παθημάτων αὐτοῦ
Category: Sanctification

New term extending the baseline ‘părtășie.’ Resonates strongly, as an asset, with Orthodox theosis-through-suffering spirituality, but must always be paired with ‘puterea învierii Lui’ (power of his resurrection, 3:10b); sufferings-participation taught in isolation would misrepresent Paul’s balanced argument.

Conformed To Christ

Approved rendering: asemănat cu moartea Lui / va schimba la înfățișare
Transliteration: symmorphizomai / metaschēmatizō
Doctrine: Resurrection and Future Glorification
Original: συμμορφίζομαι / μετασχηματίζω
Category: Eschatology

New term. Theosis-adjacent transformation vocabulary, an asset for Orthodox readers, but must retain Paul’s specific bodily, resurrection-anchored referent rather than becoming an open-ended mystical transformation process detached from Christ’s historical bodily resurrection.

Citizenship In Heaven

Approved rendering: cetățenia noastră este în ceruri
Transliteration: politeuma / politeuomai
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολίτευμα / πολιτεύομαι
Category: Citizenship

New doctrine-level term. Romanian Orthodox identity has historically been closely bound to national identity (‘neam’); this claim must be taught with full force without implying disloyalty to ordinary civic life (3:20 does not counsel civic withdrawal) or being muted to accommodate a merged Orthodox-national identity framework.

Obedient Unto Death

Approved rendering: ascultător până la moarte
Transliteration: genomenos hypēkoos mechri thanatou
Doctrine: Christ’s Own Obedience and Self-Humbling
Original: γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου
Category: Christology

New term. Must not be conflated with the baseline’s ‘ascultarea credinței’ (obedience of faith), which describes the believer’s obedience flowing from faith. This is Christ’s own unique redemptive obedience, the ground of believers’ salvation, sharing the same Romanian root (ascultare) but a different referent.

Work Out Your Salvation

Approved rendering: lucrați… cu frică și cu cutremur la mântuirea voastră… Cel ce lucrează în voi
Transliteration: katergazesthe… ho energōn en hymin
Doctrine: Salvation (Synergism Proof-Text)
Original: κατεργάζεσθε … ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: Salvation

New term. A classic Orthodox proof-text for synergism, which Orthodox readers will read comfortably — an asset here, unlike some Romans passages where synergism creates tension. The risk runs the other direction: 2:12 must never be isolated from 2:13’s ‘Cel ce lucrează în voi,’ or a merit-based reading of salvation results.

Learned The Secret

Approved rendering: am învățat, ca într-o taină a experienței, să…
Transliteration: memyēmai
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: taina (bare noun; would misdirect readers toward sacramental theology Paul does not invoke)
Original: μεμύημαι
Category: Contentment

New term. Romanian ‘taină’ is the standard term for the Holy Mysteries/sacraments (Sfintele Taine) in Orthodox theology; using it bare here risks suggesting Paul refers to sacramental initiation rather than his rhetorical borrowing of mystery-cult vocabulary. Requires a functional gloss and a translator note distinguishing this from the technical sacramental sense.

Christ Who Strengthens Me

Approved rendering: Cel ce mă întărește
Transliteration: ho endynamōn me
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: ὁ ἐνδυναμῶν με
Category: Contentment

New term. Among the most popularly (mis)quoted verses in a generic self-help, autonomous-achievement sense, in Romanian as elsewhere. Must retain the explicit ‘through Christ’ source and the immediate contentment context (4:11-12), not arbitrary personal-goal achievement.

Giving And Receiving

Approved rendering: dăruit și primit
Transliteration: dosis kai lēmpsis
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel / Generosity and Material Partnership
Original: δόσις καὶ λῆμψις
Category: Mission

New term. The concrete financial referent of the gospel-partnership doctrine; must not be generalized away from its specific material-support context (4:15-18).

Servant Slave

Approved rendering: rob
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) / Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: slujitor (softens the term, undermining the shared force applied to both Paul and Christ)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church

New term. Applied to Paul and Timothy (1:1) and to Christ himself (2:7); must not be softened to ‘slujitor,’ since the letter’s kenotic argument depends on the same stark term applying to both the apostle and to Christ.

Medium Risk Terms

Glory

Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, an asset given constant Orthodox doxological usage. In Philippians requires extra care at 2:3’s negative compound kenodoxia (‘slavă deșartă’) and 2:11’s climactic ‘spre slava lui Dumnezeu Tatăl’ — the qualifier ‘deșartă’ must always accompany the negative compound so ‘slavă’ alone is never misread as denoting divine glory in that verse.

Peace

Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the greeting (1:2) and at 4:7, 9 as the peace of God that ‘guards’ hearts and minds; must be distinguished from psychological calm achievable by one’s own effort.

Providence

Approved rendering: pronia lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: soartă, destin
Original: ἐπιτελέσει (cf. Phil 1:6)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Philippians 1:6’s confidence that God who began a good work will bring it to completion; avoid fatalistic ‘soartă/destin’ framing.

Mission

Approved rendering: misiune
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον / συνεργός
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. In Philippians this concept underlies the letter’s dedicated ‘partnership in the gospel’ doctrine (1:5; 4:14-18), expressed through concrete missional and material collaboration rather than a colonial or institutional sending framework.

Church

Approved rendering: Biserică
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist

Inherited from Romans package. Philippians is addressed to the local gathered congregation at Philippi, including its overseers and deacons (1:1); distinguish this local congregational sense from an exclusivist institutional claim.

Every Knee Shall Bow

Approved rendering: să se plece tot genunchiul… cele cerești, cele pământești și cele de sub pământ
Transliteration: pan gony kampsē… epouraniōn kai epigeiōn kai katachthoniōn
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reducerea ‘celor de sub pământ’ la o noțiune populară restrânsă de iad
Original: πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ … ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων
Category: Eschatology

New term. Paul’s cosmic-totality formula must not be collapsed into narrower Romanian folk-eschatological categories, such as reducing ‘under the earth’ to a specific popular notion of ‘iad’ distinct from Paul’s broader realm-of-the-dead/underworld-powers sense.

Selfish Ambition And Vain Conceit

Approved rendering: ambiție egoistă / slavă deșartă
Transliteration: eritheia / kenodoxia
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐριθεία / κενοδοξία
Category: Ethics

New term. Kenodoxia’s compound with δόξα/‘slavă’ risks momentary collision with God’s own reserved glory-language two verses earlier and eight verses later (2:6, 11); the qualifier ‘deșartă’ must always accompany ‘slavă’ in this verse so it is never read as denoting divine glory.

Press On Toward The Goal

Approved rendering: alerg / țintă / premiul
Transliteration: diōkō / skopos / brabeion
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω / σκοπός / βραβεῖον
Category: Sanctification

New doctrine-level term. The athletic-race metaphor for the Christian life’s forward, effortful orientation; must retain the forward-straining sense without implying salvation itself remains uncertain or earned. ‘Not that I have already attained’ (3:12) concerns growth toward maturity, not the certainty of justification already received (3:9).

Flesh Self Reliance

Approved rendering: trup / carne
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Confidence in the Flesh Rejected (Judaizing Controversy)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Salvation

New term. Not primarily about the physical body in Philippians 3:3-4 but about self-reliant human credentials and effort; must be distinguished from purely physical ‘body’ language elsewhere, a distinction Romanian ‘trup/carne’ does not make automatically.

Rubbish Dung

Approved rendering: gunoi / lepădături
Transliteration: skybalon
Doctrine: Confidence in the Flesh Rejected (Judaizing Controversy)
Rejected alternatives: lucruri de mai mică valoare (polite abstraction that loses rhetorical force)
Original: σκύβαλον
Category: Salvation

New term. Intentionally the crudest term in Paul’s vocabulary; must not be softened into a polite abstraction that loses the rhetorical force of the contrast — a deliberate, isolated register exception to this package’s otherwise formal register mandate.

Same Mindset

Approved rendering: a gândi la fel / aceeași cugetare
Transliteration: phroneō / to auto phronein
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: φρονέω / τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν
Category: Sanctification

New term. Recurring Philippians keyword (1:7; 2:2, 5; 3:15, 19; 4:2, 10); must not be flattened into mere agreement on ideas, but taught consistently across all occurrences as a whole-person disposition of humility patterned on Christ (2:5).

Poured Out As A Drink Offering

Approved rendering: vărsat ca o jertfă de băutură
Transliteration: spendomai
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Ministry

New term. Cultic/sacrificial imagery, resonant with Orthodox liturgical sacrifice-language as an asset, but must retain Paul’s personal, self-offering sense rather than being absorbed into technical Eucharistic vocabulary.

Service Ministry

Approved rendering: slujire
Transliteration: leitourgia
Doctrine: Generosity and Material Partnership in Ministry
Original: λειτουργία
Category: Ministry

New term. This Greek root is the direct ancestor of Romanian ‘Liturghie’ (the Divine Liturgy) — an asset for conveying the weight of ‘service’ — but must not be read here as referring to the sacramental Liturgy itself.

Fruit Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: rodul dreptății
Transliteration: karpos dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Fruit of Righteousness and Ongoing Sanctification
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation

New term. Reuses the baseline’s Critical ‘dreptate’ root within a compound phrase; must not be read as righteousness produced by fruit-bearing effort rather than received righteousness producing fruit.

Good Work Completed

Approved rendering: Cel ce a început în voi o lucrare bună o va isprăvi
Transliteration: ho enarxamenos… epitelesei
Doctrine: Confidence in God’s Completing Work (Providence)
Original: ὁ ἐναρξάμενος … ἐπιτελέσει
Category: God

New term. Ties to the baseline’s established Orthodox term ‘pronie’; must retain personal, purposive divine commitment rather than fatalistic ‘soartă/destin’ framing.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: mulțumire
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Appears at 1:3-4 and 4:6; must be kept lexically distinct from the newly fixed ‘îndestulare’ (contentment, 4:11) to prevent collision within the same short passage.

Apostle

Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Philippians 2:25 applies a broader functional ‘messenger/one sent’ sense to Epaphroditus, distinct from apostleship among the Twelve; note this broader sense at that occurrence only.

Exhort

Approved rendering: îndemna
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to the encouragement/comfort vocabulary clustered at Philippians 2:1.

Worship By The Spirit

Approved rendering: a sluji lui Dumnezeu în Duh
Transliteration: latreuein pneumati Theou
Doctrine: True Worship in the Spirit versus Ritual Confidence
Original: λατρεύειν πνεύματι Θεοῦ
Category: Faith

New term, a positive asset. Latreia underlies the Orthodox theological distinction between latria (worship due to God alone) and dulia/proskynesis (veneration of icons/saints), allowing the curriculum to teach exclusive worship of God without contradicting Orthodox devotional practice, since Orthodox theology itself maintains this same distinction.

Compassion And Affection

Approved rendering: milostivire / îndurare
Transliteration: splanchna / oiktirmoi
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σπλάγχνα / οἰκτιρμοί
Category: Sanctification

New term. Deep affection and tender compassion, the relational warmth believers extend to one another; standard affective vocabulary, no significant doctrinal collision in Romanian.

Comfort Encouragement

Approved rendering: mângâiere / îndemn
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Faith

New term. Comfort/encouragement rooted in relationship, the ground of Paul’s appeal for unity in 2:1; standard term, well understood liturgically (cf. Duhul Sfânt as ‘Mângâietorul’).

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