Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Titus (English → Romanian)
Purpose
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in the Titus semantic analysis (07_semantic_analysis.md), covering all three chapters of the book. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and their recorded rendering is reused exactly, with no alteration. New terms specific to Titus’s theological vocabulary are proposed here with full risk assessment, consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low risk-tier conventions, for incorporation into an updated translation memory in Phase 1 Step 2.
Risk tier definitions follow doctrine_risk_registry.json:
- Critical — mistranslation alters/destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Section 1: Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | Greek Original | Romanian Rendering (TM) | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | χάρις | har | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7; 3:15 | Reuse exactly. Titus 2:11-14 extends baseline notes: grace here is not only pardoning but actively paideuō-training (see new term below); reinforce grace’s dual saving/forming character without collapsing either side. |
| faith | πίστις | credință | High | Faith | 1:1; 1:4; 1:13; 2:2; 3:15 | Reuse exactly. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | dreptate | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 (noun); 1:8, 2:12 (adjectival/adverbial cognate δίκαιος/δικαίως) | Reuse exactly for the forensic noun (3:5); flag adjectival/adverbial occurrences as ethical usage (lived righteousness), not to be confused with the forensic sense — see glossary note under δικαίως. |
| justification | δικαιόω | îndreptățire | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 | Reuse exactly. Titus 3:5-7 uniquely pairs justification directly with regeneration/renewal in one sentence — an ideal teaching text for holding forensic and transformative dimensions together without contradiction. |
| salvation | σῴζω / σωτηρία (verb form σῴζω in Titus) | mântuire (noun) / a mântui (verb) | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 (verb ἔσωσεν) | Reuse exactly (verbal form). |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostol | Low | Apostleship | 1:1 | Reuse exactly. |
| holy (Spirit) | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Duhul Sfânt | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Reuse exactly. |
| father | θεὸς πατήρ | Tată | Critical | — | 1:4 | Reuse exactly. |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | îndemna | Low | Mutual Edification | 2:6; 2:15 | Reuse exactly. |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iisus | Critical | Lordship/Deity of Christ | throughout | Reuse exactly (Orthodox Synodal spelling per baseline convention; note “Isus” for Evangelical/Cornilescu-facing material). |
| god | θεός | Dumnezeu | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | Reuse exactly. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | pace | Medium | Peace with God | 1:4 | Reuse exactly. |
| glory | δόξα | slavă | Medium | Deity of Christ | 2:13 | Reuse exactly; cultural/liturgical asset per baseline notes. |
| prophet | προφήτης | proroc | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:12 | Reuse exactly (quotation of Epimenides described as a “prophet” of his own people). |
| election (conceptual link) | ἐκλεκτός | aleșii lui Dumnezeu / alegere | High | Effectual Calling | 1:1 | Conceptually linked to baseline election (alegere); apply the same synergism-vs-monergism cautions. |
| sin | ἁμαρτάνω | a păcătui / păcat | Medium | Universal Human Accountability | 3:11 | Reuse exactly (verb form of baseline sin). |
Section 2: New Terms Specific to Titus — Full Glossary Entries
2.1 Christology and Salvation-History Vocabulary
| English Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Romanian Rendering (Proposed) | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| appearing / epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω | epiphaneia / epiphainō | arătare / a se arăta | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Christology | 1:3 (φανερόω, related); 2:11; 2:13; 3:4 | ”revelație” (too abstract/impersonal), “manifestare” (too clinical, loses the concrete/visible force) | Doctrinal asset (parallels Orthodox liturgical feast of Arătarea Domnului/Theophany) but must be anchored to the concrete, historical, once-for-all events described (past appearing in grace, future appearing in glory), not diluted into a vague ongoing spiritual insight. |
| Savior (title, applied to both Father and Son) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Mântuitor | Critical | Deity of Christ; Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:3, 1:4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6 | none rejected — “Mântuitor” is the established shared term across Romanian traditions | Requires mandatory translator note: Titus applies “Mântuitor” to BOTH God the Father (1:3, 2:10, 3:4) and Jesus Christ (1:4, 2:13, 3:6) — an implicit affirmation of shared divine nature and saving action across Father and Son. Escalate to human theologian review at each occurrence. |
| ”our great God and Savior” (Granville Sharp construction) | τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | tou megalou theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou | marele Dumnezeu și Mântuitorul nostru Iisus Hristos | Critical | Deity of Christ | 2:13 | a rendering splitting this into two referents (“Dumnezeu cel mare, și Mântuitorul nostru Iisus Hristos” as two separate figures) | The single Greek article governs both nouns, identifying Jesus Christ directly as “the great God.” Romanian syntax must preserve the single-referent reading. Mandatory theologian review; cross-link to baseline son_of_god and deity_of_christ. |
| goodness / kindness (of God) | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | bunătate | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | — | God’s character as the acting cause of salvation; keep distinct from har (the gift itself). |
| loving kindness / love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | iubirea de oameni (a lui Dumnezeu) | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | ”filantropie” (secular/humanitarian connotation in modern Romanian; risks flattening God’s specific saving love into generic charitable benevolence) | Avoid the transparent loanword as primary rendering; use the descriptive phrase to preserve the specifically divine, saving love in view. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | milă | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | — | Distinguish from har (grace = character of the gift) — mercy emphasizes compassion toward a wretched condition (cf. 3:3). |
| redeem | λυτρόω | lytroō | a răscumpăra | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | ”a elibera” (loses the payment/price nuance), “a mântui” (already reserved for sōzō/sōtēria) | Retain the ransom/payment nuance from slave-manumission/exodus background. |
| a people for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος | laos periousios | popor ales, deosebit al Său | High | Salvation by Grace not Works; Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:14 | ”popor special” (too weak, loses covenantal weight) | Deliberate echo of OT covenant language (Exodus 19:5) applied to the church; requires OT background note. Conceptually links to election. |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | moștenitor | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works (inheritance theme) | 3:7 | — | Conceptually adjacent to baseline adoption (înfiere) though Titus expresses the family-inheritance theme through “heir” rather than the adoption term itself; cross-reference. |
| pour out (of the Spirit) | ἐκχέω | ekcheō | a turna (din belșug) / a revărsa | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:6 | — | Echoes OT/Pentecostal outpouring imagery (Joel 2:28-29; Acts 2:17-18); retain abundance nuance. |
2.2 Grace, Regeneration, and Good Works Vocabulary
| English Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Romanian Rendering (Proposed) | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trains / disciplines (us) | παιδεύω | paideuō | ne educă / ne disciplinează | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | ”ne învață” (flattens the disciplinary/formative force into bare instruction — REJECTED as primary rendering though noted as the common existing rendering in circulation) | THE defining verb of this curriculum’s first named doctrine. Grace itself is the active, formative agent; cross-reference Hebrews 12:5-11’s paideia background. Escalate to human theologian review. |
| works done in righteousness (excluded) | ἔργα τὰ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | erga ta en dikaiosynē | fapte făcute în neprihănire | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | ”fapte bune” alone (risks conflating the EXCLUDED ground of salvation with the INCLUDED fruit of salvation described elsewhere in the letter) | Must be clearly distinguished from καλὰ ἔργα (good works as fruit) below — this phrase names works attempted AS THE BASIS of salvation, explicitly rejected. |
| good works | καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὸν ἔργον | kala erga / agathon ergon | fapte bune | Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:16; 2:7; 2:14; 3:1; 3:8; 3:14 | — | The letter’s most frequent theological refrain. Must always be taught as the FRUIT of grace/faith, never its ROOT (see 3:5 contrast above). Mandatory translator note at every occurrence given the doctrinal tension this curriculum names explicitly (“Salvation by Grace not Works” alongside “Sound Doctrine and Good Works”). Escalate to human theologian review. |
| regeneration / new birth | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | nașterea din nou (renașterea) | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | ”regenerare” alone (too clinical/biological, loses relational new-birth imagery) | Bridges Evangelical “born again” idiom and Orthodox Synodal “renaștere” vocabulary — give both in translator note. Escalate to human theologian review. |
| renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | înnoire | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit; Sanctification (conceptual link) | 3:5 | — | Ongoing complement to once-for-all regeneration; natural bridge point to Orthodox theosis/ongoing-transformation vocabulary; cross-reference baseline sanctification. |
| washing / bath | λουτρόν | loutron | baie / spălare | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit; Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | — | Central baptismal-regeneration crux term; the curriculum must not adjudicate the sacramental debate but must preserve the verse’s actual force (salvation as God’s gift, not human works). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| sound doctrine | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα | didaskalia hygiainousa | învățătura sănătoasă | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9; 2:1; (cf. 2:7-8 λόγος ὑγιής; 1:13 ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει) | — | Medical metaphor (health vs. sickness) should be preserved in translator notes; this is the letter’s programmatic term, naming the curriculum’s third doctrine directly. |
| trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | Vrednic de încredere este cuvântul acesta | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:8 | ”Adevărat este cuvântul acesta” (Cornilescu-style, acceptable alternative to note) | Fixed Pastoral-Epistles formula marking a creedal summary; flag its formulaic, confessional function. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | evlavie | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:1; 2:12 | — | Anchor to Titus’s own definition (2:12’s triad: self, others, God) rather than allowing default drift toward external ritual-observance connotations common in Orthodox usage of “evlavie.” |
| knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | epignōsis alētheias | cunoașterea deplină a adevărului | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:1 | ”cunoaștere” alone (loses the intensified, “full/precise” force of ἐπί-) | Must denote deep, personal, saving knowledge — not inherited religious identity or superficial acquaintance; cross-reference baseline faith cautions. |
2.3 Church Order and Elder Qualifications Vocabulary
| English Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Romanian Rendering (Proposed) | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elder (office) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | prezbiter | Critical | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | ”preot” (REJECTED as primary rendering — imports the fully developed sacerdotal priesthood theology of later church history onto a first-century congregational-oversight term; this is the central Romanian Orthodox collision risk for this entire doctrine) | Mandatory translator note explaining why “preot” is avoided; cross-reference ἐπίσκοπος below (same office in 1:5-7). Escalate to human theologian review at every occurrence. |
| overseer / bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | episcop | Critical | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | none rejected at the lexical level (both Orthodox and Evangelical traditions render this “episcop”) — the RISK is entirely in unglossed usage, not in word choice | Titus 1:5-7 uses this as a SYNONYM for πρεσβύτερος, colliding with the fully developed three-tier Orthodox hierarchy (episcop > preot > diacon). Mandatory teaching note at every occurrence, parallel to baseline’s handling of saints. Escalate to human theologian review. |
| older man / older woman (age category) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις | presbytēs / presbytis | bărbat în vârstă / femeie în vârstă | Medium | Qualifications for Elders (distinguished from) | 2:2-3 | ”bătrân”/“bătrână” alone risks conflation with the OFFICE term πρεσβύτερος in Romanian, where both might collapse toward the same root | Explicitly flag as a DIFFERENT Greek word from the eldership office term in chapter 1, to avoid confusing the age-category address in chapter 2 with the qualified-office discussion in chapter 1. |
| submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | a se supune | High | Submission to Authority | 2:5 (wives); 2:9 (slaves); 3:1 (civil authorities) | “a asculta orbește” (implies unconditional blind obedience, REJECTED) | Voluntary, ordered submission, not coerced servility or an assertion of inherent inferiority; distinguish civic/relational submission from ultimate allegiance to God (cf. Acts 5:29). Escalate to human theologian review given the doctrine’s breadth (household, slavery, and civil-government applications all present in Titus). |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | bărbat al unei singure femei | Critical | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6 | — | Historically debated scope (polygamy / remarriage / fidelity readings); intersects with Orthodox clerical marriage discipline (priests marry once before ordination; bishops drawn from celibate clergy). Translator note must present the interpretive range without asserting resolution. Escalate to human theologian review. |
| steward (of God) | οἰκονόμος (θεοῦ) | oikonomos | iconom (al lui Dumnezeu) | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | — | Established Romanian loanword, also present in Orthodox monastic administrative vocabulary; reinforces accountable stewardship under God’s authority. |
| master (of slaves) | δεσπότης | despotēs | stăpân | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2:9 | — | Distinguish from θεός/Ἰησοῦς titles though semantically adjacent to the letter’s authority themes. |
2.4 Avoiding Divisive Controversies Vocabulary
| English Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Romanian Rendering (Proposed) | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις | mōrai zētēseis | controverse nechibzuite | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | — | Distinguish from legitimate theological inquiry or the sound-doctrine teaching mandated of elders (1:9); the problem is unproductive speculation, not doctrine itself. |
| genealogies | γενεαλογίαι | genealogiai | genealogii | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | — | Standard loanword; one named example of unproductive controversy. |
| quarrels about the law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | dispute despre Lege | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | — | Connects conceptually to baseline law (lege); likely reflects ongoing Judaizing controversy (cf. 1:10, 1:14). |
| unprofitable and worthless | ἀνωφελεῖς καὶ μάταιοι | anōpheleis kai mataioi | nefolositoare și deșarte | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | — | Deliberate lexical contrast with ὠφέλιμος (profitable, 3:8) and the letter’s “good works” theme. |
| divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | om dezbinător | Critical | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | ”eretic” (REJECTED as primary rendering — the cognate loanword carries the full historical weight of formal, conciliar condemnation of heresy in Orthodox usage, disproportionate to Paul’s narrower pastoral concern with a quarrelsome individual causing local factional strife) | Mandatory translator note distinguishing Paul’s narrow pastoral-discipline scenario (a person warned twice, then relationally separated from) from the later developed doctrinal category of formally condemned heresy. Escalate to human theologian review. |
| Jewish myths / fables | Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι | Ioudaikoi mythoi | basme iudaice | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 1:14 | — | Names one specific source of the “empty talk” (ματαιολόγοι) troubling Crete. |
| mind, conscience (defiled) | νοῦς, συνείδησις | nous, syneidēsis | minte, conștiință | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies (ritual vs. moral purity) | 1:15 | — | Locates purity/impurity as inward-moral rather than a matter of external ritual observance; clarify Paul relativizes ceremonial disputes here, not liturgical fasting discipline as such. |
Section 3: Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Count (Baseline Reuse) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | 8 | Human theologian |
| High | 8 | 3 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | 4 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 8 | 5 | Automated review |
Critical-risk new terms requiring mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence: ἐπιφάνεια-cluster context around Christ’s deity (μέγας θεός construction), σωτήρ (dual Father/Son application), παιδεύω, ἔργα ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ (excluded works), καλὰ ἔργα (included works), παλιγγενεσία, λουτρόν, πρεσβύτερος (office), ἐπίσκοπος, μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ, αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος.
Chapters reviewed for full coverage: Titus 1 (elder qualifications, false teachers, sound-doctrine foundation), Titus 2 (household code vv.1-10; core passage vv.11-15), Titus 3 (core passage vv.1-8; divisive-controversies and closing instructions vv.9-15). No chapter of Titus was found to introduce zero new theological vocabulary; all three chapters contribute load-bearing terms documented above.
This glossary extends, and must never contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section 1 terms are enforced exactly as recorded in the baseline. All Section 2 terms are proposed additions pending Phase 1 Step 2 doctrine risk registry extension and formal translation memory versioning.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:11-14 and 3:7 extend the baseline’s Palamite-sensitivity note: in Titus, grace must be taught as BOTH freely given AND actively morally formative (paideuō, 2:12) — do not collapse either dimension. Titus 3:5’s ‘not by works… but according to his mercy’ pairs with 3:7’s ‘justified by his grace’ as the letter’s programmatic grace-not-works statement.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: dreptate
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: dreptate câștigată exclusiv prin efort moral propriu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reuse for the forensic noun at Titus 3:5 (‘works done in dreptate’), explicitly excluded as salvation’s basis. Adjectival/adverbial cognates (δίκαιος 1:8, δικαίως 2:12) describe lived ethical righteousness FLOWING FROM, not constituting, this forensic sense — do not conflate.
Justification
Approved rendering: îndreptățire
Transliteration: dikaioō (verb form δικαιωθέντες, Titus 3:7)
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: transformare treptată exclusiv, fără niciun aspect de declarație
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5-7 uniquely pairs justification directly with regeneration/renewal in a single sentence — an ideal teaching text for holding the forensic and transformative dimensions together without contradiction, exactly as the baseline’s caution against a legal-fiction-only reading requires.
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria / verb sōzō (ἔσωσεν, Titus 3:5)
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: σῴζω / σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (noun mântuire / verb a mântui). Titus 3:5’s aorist ἔσωσεν (‘he saved’) names a decisive, completed past act; teach alongside, not against, the letter’s ongoing renewal (ἀνακαίνωσις) and the Orthodox theosis framework the baseline already accommodates.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5-6 names the Spirit as the explicit agent of regeneration and renewal, poured out richly through Christ — the textual anchor for the curriculum doctrine ‘Regeneration by the Holy Spirit.’ Filioque-sensitivity note from the baseline continues to apply.
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Trinitarian relations
Original: θεὸς πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4 opening greeting formula, ‘God the Father’ (θεὸς πατήρ).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship/Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standardize on ‘Iisus’ throughout the Titus curriculum per Orthodox Synodal convention; note ‘Isus’ as the expected Evangelical/Cornilescu-facing variant. Never mix both spellings within one document.
God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Also functions as a title component in the σωτήρ pattern (God our Savior, Titus 1:3, 2:10, 3:4) — see ‘savior_title’ below.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Mântuitor
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Savior — Shared Title of Father and Son
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New term (established word, new doctrinal pattern). Applied in Titus to BOTH God the Father (1:3, 2:10, 3:4) and Jesus Christ (1:4, 2:13, 3:6). Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence clarifying the dual application as an implicit Trinitarian affirmation of shared divine saving action, not two independent saviors.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: marele Dumnezeu și Mântuitorul nostru Iisus Hristos
Transliteration: tou megalou theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13)
Rejected alternatives: marele Dumnezeu, și Mântuitorul nostru Iisus Hristos (split-referent reading treating two separate figures)
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. Granville Sharp construction: a single Greek article governs both ‘great God’ and ‘Savior,’ identifying Jesus Christ directly AS the great God. Romanian syntax must preserve the single-referent reading exactly, as virtually all major Romanian translations already do. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence; cross-link to baseline son_of_god and deity_of_christ.
Trains Disciplines
Approved rendering: ne educă / ne disciplinează
Transliteration: paideuō
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ne învață (flattens the disciplinary/formative force into bare instruction)
Original: παιδεύω
Category: Sanctification
New term. THE defining verb of the curriculum’s first named doctrine (Titus 2:12) — grace itself as the active, formative, paedagogical agent, cross-referencing Hebrews 12:5-11. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Works Of Righteousness Excluded
Approved rendering: fapte făcute în neprihănire
Transliteration: erga ta en dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: fapte bune (risks conflating the EXCLUDED ground of salvation with the INCLUDED fruit of salvation)
Original: ἔργα τὰ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 3:5 explicitly names works attempted AS THE BASIS of salvation and excludes them. Must be kept lexically distinct from ‘good_works’ (καλὰ ἔργα) at every occurrence via mandatory translator note.
Good Works
Approved rendering: fapte bune
Transliteration: kala erga / agathon ergon
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation / Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὸν ἔργον
Category: Sanctification
New term. The letter’s most frequent theological refrain (1:16; 2:7; 2:14; 3:1; 3:8; 3:14). Always the FRUIT of grace/faith, never its ROOT — see ‘works_of_righteousness_excluded’ (3:5). Mandatory translator note at every occurrence; do not let ‘fapte bune’ drift toward the popular Orthodox devotional-merit category of ‘fapte de milostenie’/‘pomeni.‘
Regeneration
Approved rendering: nașterea din nou (renașterea)
Transliteration: palingenesia
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: regenerare (too clinical/biological, loses relational new-birth imagery)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 3:5, paired with ‘washing’ and ‘renewal.’ ‘Nașterea din nou’ carries Evangelical/Cornilescu conversion-testimony overtones (John 3:3); ‘renaștere’ is closer to Orthodox Synodal/baptismal usage. Give both forms in a translator note. Mandatory human theologian review.
Washing
Approved rendering: baie / spălare
Transliteration: loutron
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 3:5’s ‘washing of regeneration’ — the central baptismal-regeneration crux text of the NT. Do not adjudicate the Orthodox/Evangelical sacramental debate; preserve that the SPIRIT, not human works or water in isolation, is the active regenerating agent. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: prezbiter
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: preot (imports later fully developed sacerdotal priesthood theology onto a first-century congregational-oversight term)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:5, used interchangeably with ἐπίσκοπος in the same passage (1:5-7). Mandatory translator note explaining why ‘preot’ is avoided; cross-reference overseer_office. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Overseer Office
Approved rendering: episcop
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:7, explicitly the SAME office just called πρεσβύτερος in 1:5-6. ‘Episcop’ is the established word choice in both Orthodox and Evangelical traditions; the risk is entirely in unglossed usage colliding with the current three-tier Orthodox hierarchy (episcop > preot > diacon), the reverse of Titus’s own equivalence. Mandatory teaching note at every occurrence, parallel to the baseline’s handling of ‘saints.‘
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: bărbat al unei singure femei
Transliteration: mias gynaikos anēr
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:6, a debated elder qualification (polygamy / remarriage / fidelity readings) intersecting with Orthodox clerical marriage discipline. Render literally and let the ambiguity stand; translator note must present the interpretive range without asserting resolution. Mandatory human theologian review.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: om dezbinător
Transliteration: hairetikos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: eretic (imports the full historical weight of formal, conciliar condemnation, disproportionate to Paul’s narrower pastoral concern with a quarrelsome individual)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
New term. Titus 3:10, a person causing ongoing factional strife after repeated warning — a pastoral-discipline scenario, not the later developed doctrinal category of formally condemned heresy. Mandatory translator note; mandatory human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1, 1:4 extend the sense to include ‘the faith of God’s elect’ as a body of belief held in common, alongside the personal-trust sense; do not let this shade into inherited religious identity.
Election
Approved rendering: alegere / aleșii lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: eklogē (Romans) / eklektos (Titus 1:1, adjectival)
Doctrine: Election / God’s Elect
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; extended here to Titus 1:1’s ‘faith of God’s elect.’ Apply the identical baseline caution: preserve sovereign divine initiative without imposing strict Calvinist monergism foreign to most Romanian readers’ Orthodox synergistic formation, and without dissolving that initiative into pure human choice.
Law
Approved rendering: lege
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced at Titus 3:9’s ‘quarrels about the law’ (μάχαι νομικαί), likely reflecting the same Judaizing dispute named at 1:10-14.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sfințire
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit (conceptual bridge)
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced by Titus 3:5’s ἀνακαίνωσις (‘renewal’) as the ongoing complement to once-for-all regeneration; teach as complementary to, not competing with, Orthodox theosis vocabulary, per the baseline’s own approach.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ascultarea credinței
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: ascultare de rânduielile bisericești
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually linked to Titus 3:3’s ἀπειθεῖς (‘disobedient’) describing the pre-conversion state resolved not by human effort but by God’s kindness appearing (3:4) — reinforces salvation by grace, not obedience earning standing.
Appearing Epiphany
Approved rendering: arătare
Transliteration: epiphaneia / epiphainō
Doctrine: The Appearing of Grace and the Appearing of Glory
Rejected alternatives: revelație (too abstract/impersonal), manifestare (too clinical, loses concrete/visible force)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω
Category: Christology
New term. Used of grace’s past appearing (2:11), God’s kindness appearing (3:4), and Christ’s future glorious appearing (2:13) — a deliberate inclusio. ‘Arătare’ is a liturgical asset (cf. Arătarea Domnului/Theophany) but must be anchored to concrete, historical, once-for-all events in each occurrence, not diluted into an annually-repeated commemorative sense. Use the identical root across all three occurrences.
Philanthropia
Approved rendering: iubirea de oameni (a lui Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: philanthrōpia
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: filantropie (secular/humanitarian charitable-giving connotation in modern Romanian)
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 3:4, God’s benevolent love toward humanity as the wellspring of salvation. AVOID the transparent loanword ‘filantropie’ as primary rendering; use the descriptive phrase to preserve God’s specifically saving love.
Redeem
Approved rendering: a răscumpăra
Transliteration: lytroō
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Self-Giving
Rejected alternatives: a elibera (loses payment/price nuance), a mântui (already reserved for sōzō/sōtēria)
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 2:14, Christ’s self-giving to redeem believers from ‘all lawlessness.’ Retain the ransom/payment nuance from slave-manumission and Exodus background.
People For His Own Possession
Approved rendering: popor ales, deosebit al Său
Transliteration: laos periousios
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Treasured Covenant People
Rejected alternatives: popor special (too weak, loses covenantal weight)
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Covenant
New term. Titus 2:14, deliberate echo of Israel’s OT covenant identity (Exodus 19:5 LXX) applied to the church. Requires OT background note; guard against Romanian readers’ historic entanglement of ‘popor’/‘neam’ with ethnic-national identity rather than the transnational church.
Renewal
Approved rendering: înnoire
Transliteration: anakainōsis
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 3:5, the ongoing complement to the once-for-all regeneration (cf. Romans 12:2). Natural bridge point to baseline sanctification/Orthodox theosis vocabulary; teach as complementary, not competing.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: învățătura sănătoasă
Transliteration: didaskalia hygiainousa
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Faith
New term. Titus 1:9, 2:1 (cf. 2:7-8 λόγος ὑγιής; 1:13 ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει). Preserve the medical metaphor (health vs. sickness) in translator notes — ‘sănătoasă’ means life-giving/healthy, not merely correct.
Godliness
Approved rendering: evlavie
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Self-Controlled Living
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 1:1, 2:12. In ordinary Romanian Orthodox usage ‘evlavie’ often connotes external liturgical piety (fasting, icon veneration, church attendance); anchor to Titus’s own 2:12 triad definition (self/others/God), not ritual-observance connotations alone.
Submit
Approved rendering: a se supune
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: a asculta orbește (implies unconditional blind obedience)
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Church
New term. Applied to wives (2:5), slaves (2:9), and civil authorities (3:1). Must not be rendered as unconditional compliance overriding believers’ higher allegiance to God (cf. Acts 5:29); distinguish from Orthodox monastic ‘ascultare’ to a duhovnic. Mandatory human theologian review given the doctrine’s breadth.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4 opening greeting formula, ‘grace and peace.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13, ‘the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior’ — cultural/liturgical asset per baseline notes.
Sin
Approved rendering: păcat
Transliteration: hamartia (noun) / hamartanō (verb, Titus 3:11)
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (verb form ‘a păcătui’ at Titus 3:11, describing the self-condemned divisive person).
Adoption
Approved rendering: înfiere
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life (family/inheritance theme)
Inherited from Romans package. Titus does not use υἱοθεσία itself but expresses the same family-status theme through ‘heir’ (κληρονόμος, 3:7); cross-reference required so learners connect the two.
Goodness Kindness
Approved rendering: bunătate
Transliteration: chrēstotēs
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
New term. Titus 3:4, God’s own character as the acting cause of salvation, contrasted with human κακία (3:3). Keep distinct from ‘har’ — kindness is God’s disposition; grace is the gift given from it.
Mercy
Approved rendering: milă
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 3:5, the positive ground of salvation contrasted with excluded ‘works done in righteousness.’ Distinguish from ‘har’ — mercy emphasizes compassion toward the wretched condition of 3:3.
Heir
Approved rendering: moștenitor
Transliteration: klēronomos
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 3:7 ties justification to inheritance-status. Cross-reference baseline adoption — Titus expresses the family/inheritance theme through ‘heir’ rather than the adoption term itself.
Pour Out
Approved rendering: a turna (din belșug) / a revărsa
Transliteration: ekcheō
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: a da (too minimal, loses abundance/generosity nuance)
Original: ἐκχέω
Category: God
New term. Titus 3:6, the Spirit poured out richly through Christ, echoing OT/Pentecostal outpouring imagery (Joel 2:28-29; Acts 2:17-18).
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: Vrednic de încredere este cuvântul acesta
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Trustworthy Sayings as Confessional Summary
Rejected alternatives: Adevărat este cuvântul acesta (Cornilescu-style, acceptable noted alternative)
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith
New term. Titus 3:8, a fixed Pastoral-Epistles formula (also 1 Timothy 1:15, 3:1, 4:9; 2 Timothy 2:11) marking 3:4-7 as a crystallized, creedal gospel summary.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: cunoașterea deplină a adevărului
Transliteration: epignōsis alētheias
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: cunoaștere (loses the intensified, ‘full/precise’ force of epi-)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
New term. Titus 1:1, the goal of apostolic ministry — deep, personal, saving knowledge, not inherited religious identity or superficial acquaintance.
Older Man Woman Age Category
Approved rendering: bărbat în vârstă / femeie în vârstă
Transliteration: presbytēs / presbytis
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders (distinguished from)
Rejected alternatives: bătrân/bătrână alone (risks conflation with the office term prezbiter)
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις
Category: Church
New term. Titus 2:2-3, a natural age category distinct from the OFFICE term πρεσβύτερος of chapter 1. Explicitly flag as a different Greek word to prevent Romanian readers conflating the two.
Steward Of God
Approved rendering: iconom (al lui Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: oikonomos (theou)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος (θεοῦ)
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:7. ‘Iconom’ is an established Romanian loanword, also present in Orthodox monastic administrative vocabulary — an asset reinforcing accountable stewardship under God’s authority.
Master Of Slaves
Approved rendering: stăpân
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: despot (anachronistic modern Romanian tyrant connotation absent from the NT household-authority term)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Church
New term. Titus 2:9. Distinguish from θεός/Ἰησοῦς titles though semantically adjacent to the letter’s broader authority themes.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: rob al lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: doulos theou
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: servitor/ajutor (softens the total-ownership force)
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:1, Paul’s self-designation of total ownership and submission, framing his apostolic authority as wholly derivative from God.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: fără vină / de neînvinuit
Transliteration: anenklētos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:6-7, the overarching qualification-category under which the specific elder qualifications are listed — the category header, not one qualification among equals.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: stăpâniri și autorități
Transliteration: archai exousiai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Church
New term. Titus 3:1, civil governmental/civic power structures, echoing Romans 13:1-7’s submission-to-authority teaching already established in the baseline package.
Obey Authority
Approved rendering: a se supune ascultător / a asculta
Transliteration: peitharchein
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Church
New term. Titus 3:1, near-synonym pairing with ὑποτάσσω for rhetorical emphasis; apply identical cautions against unconditional-obedience readings as ‘submit’ above.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: controverse nechibzuite
Transliteration: mōrai zētēseis
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Faith
New term. Titus 3:9, unproductive speculative debate. Distinguish from the legitimate theological inquiry and doctrinal defense mandated of elders (1:9).
Quarrels About Law
Approved rendering: dispute despre Lege
Transliteration: machai nomikai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Covenant
New term. Titus 3:9, connects to baseline ‘lege’; reflects ongoing Judaizing dispute already flagged in chapter 1.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: basme iudaice
Transliteration: Ioudaikoi mythoi
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι
Category: Covenant
New term. Titus 1:14, one named source of the ‘empty talk’ troubling Crete; note as a specific historical referent, not a blanket dismissal of Jewish tradition generally.
Conscience
Approved rendering: conștiință
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Inward Moral Purity versus Ceremonial Purity
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sin
New term. Titus 1:15, ‘their mind and conscience are defiled’ — locates purity/impurity as inward-moral rather than ritual. Clarify Paul relativizes ceremonial legalism, not the church’s own liturgical fasting discipline.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: necredincioșie / lipsă de evlavie
Transliteration: asebeia
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
New term. Titus 2:12, renounced by grace-trained living; a fundamentally wrong orientation toward God, not merely bad behavior — ensure not narrowed to ritual non-observance only.
Worldly Passions
Approved rendering: poftele lumești
Transliteration: kosmikai epithymiai
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin
New term. Titus 2:12, desires shaped by the present age’s godless value system.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: fărădelege
Transliteration: anomia
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Self-Giving
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
New term. Titus 2:14, active moral rebellion against God, the condition from which believers are redeemed — not merely ritual impurity.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: a curăți
Transliteration: katharizō
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Self-Giving
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 2:14, part of Christ’s redemptive purpose — includes real moral purification, not merely ritual purity.
Self Controlled Righteous Godly Triad
Approved rendering: cumpătat, drept și evlavios
Transliteration: sōphronōs, dikaiōs, eusebōs
Doctrine: Godliness and Self-Controlled Living
Original: σωφρόνως, δικαίως, εὐσεβῶς
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 2:12’s comprehensive triad — right relation to self, others, God. δικαίως here is adverbial/ethical, not the forensic dreptate sense of 3:5; clarify this is lived righteousness flowing FROM, not constituting, received righteousness.
Blessed Hope
Approved rendering: fericita nădejde
Transliteration: makaria elpis
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: nădejde bună (weaker, loses the intensity of makarios)
Original: μακαρία ἐλπίς
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 2:13, the Second Coming as the object of Christian hope; retain ‘fericită’ rather than a weaker ‘bună’ to preserve intensity.
Hope Of Eternal Life
Approved rendering: nădejdea vieții veșnice
Transliteration: elpis zōēs aiōniou
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Original: ἐλπὶς ζωῆς αἰωνίου
Category: Salvation
New term. Titus 1:2 and 3:7, forming a deliberate inclusio bracketing the entire letter; must be rendered identically at both occurrences.
Adorn The Doctrine
Approved rendering: a înfrumusața (a face cinste) învățăturii
Transliteration: kosmeō
Doctrine: Household Order and the Church’s Public Witness
Original: κοσμέω
Category: Church
New term. Titus 2:10, godly conduct visibly beautifying ‘the doctrine of God’ before a watching world — ties household ethics directly to ‘Sound Doctrine and Good Works.‘
Teachers Of Good
Approved rendering: învățătoare de lucruri bune
Transliteration: kalodidaskalos
Doctrine: Household Order and the Church’s Public Witness
Original: καλοδιδάσκαλος
Category: Church
New term. Titus 2:3, a rare compound describing older women’s informal, relational teaching role toward younger women, distinct from the formal doctrinal-teaching office reserved for qualified elders (1:9).
Train To Be Sensible
Approved rendering: să le formeze (să le învețe să fie cumpătate)
Transliteration: sōphronizō
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σωφρονίζω
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 2:4, causative form of σωφρονέω — actively training another toward soundness of mind. Cross-reference ‘trains_disciplines’ (παιδεύω, 2:12) for thematic cohesion — both describe active moral formation, not mere information transfer.
Profess And Deny
Approved rendering: mărturisesc, se leapădă
Transliteration: homologeō, arneomai
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: ὁμολογέω, ἀρνέομαι
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 1:16, ‘they profess to know God, but they deny him by their works’ — doctrinal profession without matching good works is a form of practical denial of God.
Detestable Disqualified
Approved rendering: urâcioși, nevrednici (nepotriviți)
Transliteration: bdelyktos, adokimos
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: βδελυκτός, ἀδόκιμος
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 1:16’s severe verdict on those whose profession is contradicted by works — ‘disqualified for any good work,’ directly inverting the letter’s positive good-works theme.
Elder Disqualifying Vices
Approved rendering: arogant, mânios, dedat vinului, bătăuș, lacom de câștig
Transliteration: authadēs, orgilos, paroinos, plēktēs, aischrokerdēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: αὐθάδης, ὀργίλος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:7, disqualifying vices for elder candidates. Handle ‘dedat vinului’ carefully given varied cultural sensitivities around wine/alcohol across Romanian church traditions; the Eucharistic use of wine is a distinct category from the personal overindulgence addressed here.
Elder Qualifying Virtues
Approved rendering: primitor de străini, iubitor de bine, cumpătat, drept, evlavios, stăpân pe sine
Transliteration: philoxenos, philagathos, sōphrōn, dikaios, hosios, enkratēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλόξενος, φιλάγαθος, σώφρων, δίκαιος, ὅσιος, ἐγκρατής
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:8, positive character qualifications for elders. δίκαιος here is adjectival/ethical, not the forensic ‘dreptate’ sense used at 3:5; clarify this distinction.
Insubordinate Deceivers
Approved rendering: răzvrătiți, flecari (vorbitori goi), amăgitori
Transliteration: anypotaktos, mataiologos, phrenapatēs
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἀνυπότακτος, ματαιολόγος, φρεναπάτης
Category: Church
New term. Titus 1:10, characterizes the false teachers troubling Crete; connects to the discipline process later prescribed in 3:9-11.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 grounds Paul’s authority to instruct Titus on elder appointment.
Exhort
Approved rendering: îndemna
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:6, 2:15.
Prophet
Approved rendering: proroc
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:12 unusually applies this to the pagan Cretan poet Epimenides, cited approvingly by Paul as speaking a true word — note the unusual application as a cultural/literary point, not a doctrinal risk to the term itself.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: genealogii
Transliteration: genealogiai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Faith
New term. Titus 3:9, standard loanword, one named example of unproductive controversy.
Unprofitable Worthless
Approved rendering: nefolositoare și deșarte
Transliteration: anōpheleis kai mataioi
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἀνωφελεῖς καὶ μάταιοι
Category: Faith
New term. Titus 3:9’s verdict on foolish controversies; deliberate lexical contrast with ὠφέλιμος (‘profitable,’ 3:8) — preserve the contrast.
Peaceable Gentle Courtesy
Approved rendering: pașnic, îngăduitor, blând
Transliteration: amachos, epieikēs, prautēs
Doctrine: Godliness and Self-Controlled Living
Original: ἄμαχος, ἐπιεικής, πραΰτης
Category: Sanctification
New term. Titus 3:2, a comprehensive posture toward ‘all people,’ echoing the universal scope of grace at 2:11.
Admonition
Approved rendering: mustrare / înștiințare
Transliteration: nouthesia
Doctrine: Church Discipline for Persistent Division
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Church
New term. Titus 3:10, the prescribed pastoral process (warning twice) before relational separation — preserve the due-process element in surrounding context.
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: tăierea împrejur
Transliteration: peritomē
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
New term. Titus 1:10, shorthand for Judaizing false teachers; standard proper-noun-adjacent term with historical-context note only, no significant doctrinal risk.
Referenced passages