Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians (English–Romanian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all five chapters of 1 Thessalonians. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json reuse the recorded Romanian rendering exactly and are marked “Baseline reuse” in the Source column. Terms newly introduced by 1 Thessalonians are marked “New — 1 Thessalonians” and are proposed for addition to translation memory at the end of this Phase.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no new analysis; confirmed applicable to 1 Thessalonians)
| English term | Romanian rendering | Risk (baseline) | Primary 1 Thessalonians occurrences | Contextual note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | evanghelie | High | 1:5; 2:2, 4, 8, 9; 3:2 | Paul’s specific proclamation, defended against accusations of impure motive (ch. 2) |
| grace | har | Critical | 1:1; 5:28 | Standard epistolary greeting/closing |
| faith | credință | High | 1:3, 8; 3:2, 5, 6, 7, 10; 5:8 | Personal trust; paired with love and hope throughout |
| church | Biserică | Medium | 1:1 | Local congregation sense (“the church of the Thessalonians”) |
| peace | pace | Medium | 1:1; 5:3, 13, 23 | Both greeting and “peace and security” false-security motif (5:3) |
| thanksgiving | mulțumire | Low | 1:2; 2:13; 5:18 | Standard |
| holy_spirit | Duhul Sfânt | Critical | 1:5, 6; 4:8; 5:19 | ”Do not quench the Spirit” (5:19) is a new pastoral application |
| jesus | Iisus | Critical | throughout | Orthodox Synodal spelling; never mixed with “Isus” |
| god | Dumnezeu | Critical | throughout | Standard |
| lord | Domnul | Critical | throughout, esp. 4:16–17; 5:2 | Exclusive, personal, bodily-returning Lord |
| resurrection (verb/noun family) | înviere / a învia | Critical | 1:10; 4:14, 16 | Bodily, historical; never diluted to spiritual renewal |
| son_of_god | Fiul lui Dumnezeu | Critical | 1:10 | ”wait for his Son from heaven” |
| election | alegere | High | 1:4 | Grounded here in observable fruit, not abstract predestinarian argument |
| calling / called | chemare / chemat | High | 2:12; 4:7; 5:24 | Must not default to “chemare monahală”; 4:7 explicitly frames calling as every believer’s ordinary sanctification |
| sanctification | sfințire | Critical/High | 4:3, 4, 7; 5:23 | The letter’s dominant sanctification term (ἁγιασμός) |
| glory | slavă | Medium | 2:12, 20 | Partly of human honor (Paul’s refusal of it) alongside divine glory |
| kingdom_of_god | împărăția lui Dumnezeu | Medium | 2:12 | ”calls you into his own kingdom and glory” |
| salvation | mântuire | Critical | 5:8, 9 | ”helmet — the hope of salvation”; “obtain salvation” |
| father | Tată | Critical | 1:1, 3; 3:11, 13 | God as Father |
| gentiles | neamuri | Low | 4:5 | Here in a morally contrastive register — teaching note recommended |
| church_as_gods_people (doctrine) | biserica ca popor al lui Dumnezeu | Medium | 5:12 | Local leadership terminology |
| exhort (context-sensitive) | îndemna | Low | 2:11; 3:2; 4:1, 10; 5:14 | Reserve for exhortation-to-action contexts; NOT used for 4:18’s comfort sense (see New Terms table) |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Thessalonians (proposed additions to translation memory)
| # | English gloss | Greek (transliteration) | Romanian rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Primary passages | Alternatives rejected | Grounded notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | nădejde | High | Hope in Grief | 1:3; 2:19; 4:13; 5:8 | ”speranță” (as primary doctrinal rendering) | “Speranță” is modern/secular register connoting uncertain or wishful hope; “nădejde” is the established Bible-tradition term (Orthodox Synodal and Cornilescu alike) conveying confident, grounded expectation. Must be used consistently for the theological virtue. |
| 2 | to sleep (euphemism for death) | κοιμάομαι (koimaomai) | a adormi / cei adormiți | High | Resurrection of Believers; Hope in Grief | 4:13, 14, 15 | — | Strong cultural/liturgical asset (Orthodox “adormire” vocabulary for the departed), but risks conflation with the specific Marian Dormition tradition; requires a clarifying note in every occurrence, on the pattern of the baseline’s “saints” (1:7) clarification. Must be kept lexically distinct from καθεύδω (#16 below). |
| 3 | coming / return (of Christ) | παρουσία (parousia) | venire | Critical | Return of Christ | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23 | transliterated “parusie” as the primary translation-text rendering (acceptable only as a technical-note gloss) | Established Romanian Bible tradition translates, not transliterates. Orthodox theology’s “A Doua Venire” is heavily judgment-associated (Last Judgment iconography, Lenten liturgy); this passage teaches the same event as grounds for comfort/hope, requiring an explicit balancing note in every occurrence. |
| 4 | caught up / snatched away | ἁρπάζω → ἁρπαγησόμεθα (harpazō) | a răpi / vom fi răpiți | Critical | Return of Christ; Resurrection of Believers | 4:17 | a rendering using neutral “luați/ridicați” (rejected — abandons the established, doctrinally correct term) | Established rendering in both Orthodox and Evangelical Romanian Bibles, but contemporary Romanian “răpire” primarily means kidnapping/abduction — high risk of an alarming, unintended connotation. Must also avoid importing unstated Anglo-American dispensational “rapture” chronology (pre/mid/post-tribulation staging) foreign to the text and to Romanian Orthodox/Evangelical eschatology alike. |
| 5 | to meet | ἀπάντησις (apantēsis) | întâmpinare | High | Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Technical Hellenistic term for a delegation escorting home an arriving dignitary; shares a root with the Orthodox feast “Întâmpinarea Domnului” (a different biblical event, Luke 2) — requires a disambiguating note despite the shared, and otherwise helpful, Romanian vocabulary root. |
| 6 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου (hēmera kyriou) | ziua Domnului | Critical | Day of the Lord | 5:2, 4 | — | OT prophetic technical term for the climactic day of judgment/salvation. Must be disambiguated from the colloquial Romanian use of “ziua Domnului” for Sunday (the weekly Lord’s Day); translator note required every occurrence. |
| 7 | wrath (of God, eschatological) | ὀργή (orgē) | mânie | High/Critical | Day of the Lord | 1:10; 2:16; 5:9 | — | Must be rendered as God’s settled, righteous, judicial response to sin, never capricious rage; must retain a specifically eschatological (final-judgment) reference in 1:10 and 5:9, and a historically-grounded, non-anti-Jewish reading at 2:16 (flag for theologian review at 2:16 specifically). |
| 8 | to deliver / rescue | ῥύομαι (rhyomai) | a izbăvi | Medium/High | Return of Christ; Day of the Lord | 1:10 | ”a salva” (rejected as primary — duplicates mântuire vocabulary, loses “rescue-from-present-danger” nuance) | Traditional Romanian Bible term with strong liturgical resonance (Lord’s Prayer). |
| 9 | holiness (state/quality) | ἁγιωσύνη (hagiōsynē) | sfințenie | High | Sanctification | 3:13 | conflating with “sfințire” (rejected) | Distinct from baseline “sfințire” (= ἁγιασμός, the ongoing process). Must preserve Paul’s two-noun distinction: process (sfințire) vs. resultant state (sfințenie), confirmed complete at the parousia. |
| 10 | blameless | ἄμεμπτος (amemptos) | fără prihană | Medium | Sanctification; Return of Christ | 3:13; 5:23 | — | Functions eschatologically (a future verdict-state); must not resolve the forensic-vs.-transformative question beyond the text. |
| 11 | sexual immorality | πορνεία (porneia) | curvie | Medium/High | Sanctification | 4:3 | ”desfrânare” / “imoralitate sexuală” (acceptable only as a contemporary-register explanatory gloss, not the primary Bible-text rendering) | “Curvie” matches established formal Bible register (Synodal/Cornilescu); flag register mismatch for contemporary teaching contexts with a translator note. |
| 12 | to live quietly | ἡσυχάζω (hēsychazō) | a trăi liniștit | High | Sanctification | 4:11 | rendering that invokes “isihasm”/“isihie” terminology (rejected) | Verbal root of Ἡσυχασμός (Hesychasm), the major Orthodox contemplative tradition. Here the sense is entirely ordinary/ethical (a quiet, hardworking daily life), not a summons to contemplative monastic practice. Explicit note required to prevent conflation. |
| 13 | affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | necaz | Medium/High | Hope in Grief; Sanctification | 1:6; 3:3, 4, 7 | — | General persecution-suffering; must not be conflated with an imported technical “Great Tribulation” (Marea Necazie) end-times scheme absent from this text. |
| 14 | to comfort / encourage (context: consolation) | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | a mângâia (context: 4:18; 5:11, 14 partly) | High | Hope in Grief | 4:18; 5:11 | ”a îndemna” (baseline default gloss — rejected specifically for the consolation sense) | Context-sensitive verb (also rendered “a îndemna” for exhortation-to-action contexts, e.g., 2:11; 4:1). Requires a translator note documenting the deliberate divergence from the Romans-package default gloss when the sense is comfort, not exhortation. |
| 15 | to be sober / watchful | νήφω (nēphō) | a fi treaz | High | Day of the Lord | 5:6, 8 | — | Moral/spiritual vigilance, not merely literal sobriety, though the passage’s drunkenness contrast (5:7) functions as a merism. |
| 16 | to sleep (moral/spiritual laxity — DISTINCT from #2) | καθεύδω (katheudō) | a dormi | High | Day of the Lord | 5:6, 7, 10 | using the same Romanian verb as κοιμάομαι/#2 (rejected) | Must remain lexically distinct in Romanian from “a adormi” (κοιμάομαι, death-euphemism in ch. 4) to preserve Paul’s own distinction between two different metaphorical “sleeps” within the same letter. |
| 17 | to quench (the Spirit) | σβέννυμι (sbennymi) | a stinge (Duhul) | High | Sanctification | 5:19 | — | Risk in both directions: justifying unchecked charismatic phenomena, or (per Orthodox institutional caution toward extra-hierarchical religious expression) effectively suppressing legitimate congregational Spirit-led ministry. Balanced note required. |
| 18 | to despise (prophecies) | ἐξουθενέω (exoutheneō) | a disprețui (prorocii) | High | Sanctification | 5:20 | — | Connects to baseline “spiritual_gifts” Medium-risk entry (Orthodox eldership/startsy association) and to impressions in some traditions that NT-style prophecy ceased with the apostolic deposit. |
| 19 | on behalf of / in place of (substitution) | ὑπέρ (hyper) | pentru noi / în locul nostru | Critical | Day of the Lord; Resurrection of Believers | 5:10 | vague “because of us” / benefit-only rendering (rejected) | Atonement/substitution language; route for mandatory theologian review per this Language Package’s escalation rules (parallel to baseline’s Romans 3:25 propitiation flag). |
| 20 | wholly / completely | ὁλοτελής (holotelēs) | desăvârșit / pe deplin | Medium/High | Sanctification | 5:23 | bare “sfințească-vă” without the intensifier (rejected — loses emphatic totality) | Must convey total sanctification without implying sinless perfection achieved in this life. |
| 21 | spirit, soul, body (tripartite formula) | πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα (pneuma, psychē, sōma) | duhul, sufletul și trupul | High | Sanctification | 5:23 | forcing a resolved trichotomist systematic doctrine (rejected as overreach) | Classic trichotomist/dichotomist debate text, live within Orthodox patristic sources themselves; present as Paul’s emphatic totality-language, not a settled anthropological system. |
| 22 | idols | εἴδωλα (eidōla) | idoli | Medium/High | (background to Sanctification / conversion) | 1:9 | — | Requires reinforcement of the Orthodox iconoclasm-controversy distinction between idols (worshiped) and icons (venerated), so as not to cast suspicion on icon veneration. |
| 23 | to wait for (eagerly) | ἀναμένω (anamenō) | a aștepta | Medium | Return of Christ | 1:10 | — | NT hapax legomenon; must convey eager, confident expectation. |
| 24 | steadfastness / endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | răbdare / stăruință | Medium | Hope in Grief | 1:3 | — | Active perseverance, not passive resignation; paired with faith and love in the letter’s opening triad. |
| 25 | crown of boasting / exultation | στέφανος καυχήσεως (stephanos kauchēseōs) | cunună de laudă | Medium | (Return of Christ, pastoral application) | 2:19 | — | Legitimate relational exultation over the Thessalonians at the parousia, distinct from sinful self-boasting. |
| 26 | the avenger (of the Lord) | ἔκδικος (ekdikos) | răzbunătorul | Medium/High | Day of the Lord; Sanctification | 4:6 | — | Righteous judicial vindication, not capricious vengeance. |
| 27 | taught by God | θεοδίδακτοι (theodidaktoi) | învățați de Dumnezeu | Medium | Sanctification | 4:9 | — | NT hapax legomenon; inward Spirit-given moral instruction, not a claim displacing Scripture/apostolic teaching. |
| 28 | full conviction / assurance | πληροφορία (plērophoria) | deplină încredințare | Medium | (Return of Christ / assurance background) | 1:5 | — | Evidentiary basis for election-assurance. |
| 29 | times and seasons | χρόνοι καὶ καιροί (chronoi kai kairoi) | vremurile și soroacele | Medium | Day of the Lord | 5:1 | — | Romanian lacks as sharp a chronos/kairos distinction; risk of losing the “appointed decisive moment” (kairos) nuance. |
| 30 | to descend | καταβαίνω (katabainō) | a se coborî | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:16 | metaphorical/spiritualized “coming into hearts” (rejected) | Literal, spatial, bodily descent. |
| 31 | cry of command | κέλευσμα (keleusma) | strigăt de poruncă | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:16 | generic “sunet”/“glas” alone (rejected — loses commanding overtone) | Military/authoritative command-shout imagery. |
| 32 | voice of an archangel | ἀρχάγγελος (archangelos) | arhanghel | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:16 | naming a specific archangel (Michael) in the translated text (rejected — Greek is anarthrous/generic) | Cultural asset (Sf. Mihail și Gavriil veneration) but must not invite devotional invocation in this verse; focus remains Christ’s own authority. |
| 33 | trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ (salpinx) | trâmbiță | Low | Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | Standard OT/eschatological imagery. |
| 34 | in the clouds | νεφέλαι (nephelai) | nori | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:17 | mere meteorological reading without Daniel 7:13 background (flagged) | Theophany/glory-cloud imagery. |
| 35 | in the air | ἀήρ (aēr) | văzduh | Low/Medium | Return of Christ | 4:17 | modern “atmosferă” (rejected — loses traditional/liturgical register) | Traditional Bible-register term. |
| 36 | those who fell asleep, through Jesus | διὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ (dia tou Iēsou) | prin Iisus | Medium/High | Resurrection of Believers | 4:14 | — | Genuinely ambiguous Greek syntax (modifies “bring” or “those asleep”); flag for native-speaker review, record alternative rendering per ambiguity-handling protocol. |
| 37 | the dead in Christ | οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ (hoi nekroi en Christō) | morții în Hristos | Medium/High | Resurrection of Believers | 4:16 | ”the Christian dead” as a paraphrase losing “ἐν Χριστῷ” formula (rejected) | Must retain the “în Hristos” union-formula consistently across the curriculum. |
| 38 | not to precede / go before | φθάνω (phthanō) | a lua-o înainte | Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 4:15 | a soft, non-emphatic negation (rejected — Greek οὐ μή is emphatic) | Emphatic double negation must be preserved. |
| 39 | he who calls you is faithful | πιστὸς ὁ καλῶν (pistos ho kalōn) | credincios este Cel ce vă cheamă | Medium | (Assurance, background) | 5:24 | — | Closing assurance clause; reuse baseline “chemare/chemat” and “credincios.” |
| 40 | to be justly, righteously (conduct, ethical sense) | δικαίως (dikaiōs) | cu dreptate | Medium | (Sanctification background) | 2:10 | conflating with baseline forensic “dreptate” (righteousness/justification, Critical) (rejected) | Ethical-conduct sense of the shared root; must be clearly distinguished from the baseline’s Critical forensic-justification doctrine. |
C. Risk Summary for 1 Thessalonians New-Term Additions
| Risk tier | Count (new terms, Table B) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 5 (#3, #4, #6, #19, plus reinforced baseline “ὀργή” pairing at #7 borderline) | Human theologian |
| High | 15 | Human theologian |
| Medium/High (borderline, treat as High for routing) | 8 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 11 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 1 (#33; several others noted Low/Medium within entries above) | Native speaker or automated |
Escalation note: Consistent with the baseline’s escalation rules, the following 1 Thessalonians terms/passages must be automatically routed to mandatory human theologian review in Phase 2: παρουσία (all occurrences), ἁρπάζω (4:17), κοιμάομαι (4:13–15), ἡμέρα κυρίου (5:2, 4), ὀργή (1:10; 2:16; 5:9 — 2:16 specifically flagged for its documented history of anti-Jewish misreading), ὑπέρ substitution language (5:10), ἁγιάζω/ὁλοτελεῖς and the πνεῦμα/ψυχή/σῶμα formula (5:23), and ἁγιωσύνη/ἅγιοι at 3:13 (ambiguous referent).
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Table A terms must be enforced exactly per baseline convention. Table B terms are proposed for addition to translation_memory.json under a version increment before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.”
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, including the CRITICAL Palamite uncreated-energies caution. Occurs in the epistolary greeting (1:1) and closing benediction (5:28); no new doctrinal context beyond the baseline’s existing profile.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts, Prophecy, and Quenching the Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. New pastoral application at 5:19, ‘do not quench the Spirit’ — see ‘sbennymi’ entry for the specific risk this verb introduces.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly (Orthodox Synodal spelling). Occurs throughout, frequently within the full title ‘Domnul nostru Iisus Hristos.’ Never mixed with ‘Isus’ within one document.
God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry to the Living God
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous.
Lord
Approved rendering: Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 5:2’s ‘ziua Domnului’ and 4:16’s ‘the Lord himself will descend’ — exclusive, supreme, personal authority.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: înviere
Transliteration: anastasis (anistēmi, egeirō)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀνάστασις (cf. ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρω)
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians uses ἀνέστη (4:14), ἀναστήσονται (4:16), and ἤγειρεν (1:10) as synonyms for the same bodily event; all rendered with the single Romanian verb family ‘a învia/înviere’ to preserve doctrinal precision, matching the Paschal confession ‘Hristos a înviat!’ Never diluted into vague spiritual renewal.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fiul lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: fiu al lui Dumnezeu în sensul generic aplicat oricărui credincios
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:10, ‘to wait for his Son from heaven,’ directly introducing the Return of Christ doctrine developed in chapters 4-5.
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 5:8-9 frames salvation as a future ‘hope’ worn as armor (‘helmet — the hope of salvation’) obtained through Christ’s death, tying salvation directly to the Day-of-the-Lord wrath/deliverance contrast. Orthodox theosis framing still applies per baseline caution.
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry to the Living God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1, 3; 3:11, 13.
Saints
Approved rendering: sfinți
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: sfinți canonizați, venerați prin icoane și moaște, invocați ca mijlocitori
Inherited from Romans package, including the CRITICAL corporate-vs-canonized caution. 1 Thessalonians 3:13’s ‘with all his saints/holy ones’ has a genuinely debated referent (angels or departed believers); an Orthodox reader could naturally supply the canonized-intercessor sense. Requires the same explicit clarifying note the baseline mandates for Romans 1:7, distinguishing this cosmic-accompaniment image from a doctrine of saints as independent intercessory mediators.
Christ
Approved rendering: Hristos
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: Mesia (as the primary rendering when functioning as part of the proper name)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY, not separately listed in the baseline registry (which treats the underlying concept under ‘messiah’ = Mesia). In 1 Thessalonians ‘Hristos’ functions constantly as part of the proper name/title ‘Iisus Hristos’ and ‘Domnul nostru Iisus Hristos,’ distinct from the conceptual title ‘Mesia’ used for Old Testament promise-fulfillment argumentation. Must render as ‘Hristos,’ not ‘Mesia,’ when functioning as part of the proper name.
Parousia
Approved rendering: venire
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: parusie (transliterated, as the primary translation-text rendering)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM, the anchor term of the letter (2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23). Established Romanian Bible tradition translates rather than transliterates: ‘venire’ / ‘venirea Domnului.’ Orthodox theology’s technical category ‘A Doua Venire’ is heavily associated with the Last Judgment (Judecata de Apoi iconography, the Lenten Sunday of the Last Judgment), skewing toward fear/judgment, whereas 1 Thessalonians presents the parousia primarily as grounds for comfort and reunion. Translator note required in every occurrence.
Harpazo
Approved rendering: a răpi / vom fi răpiți
Transliteration: harpazō
Doctrine: The Catching Up (Harpazo) of Living Believers
Rejected alternatives: luați/ridicați (neutral rendering abandoning the established, doctrinally correct term)
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Established rendering in both Orthodox and Evangelical Romanian Bibles, but contemporary Romanian ‘răpire’ primarily means kidnapping/abduction, risking an alarming, unintended connotation. Must also avoid importing unstated Anglo-American dispensational ‘rapture theology’ chronology (pre/mid/post-tribulation staging), foreign to the text and to Romanian Orthodox/Evangelical eschatology alike, on the same principle the baseline applies to ‘election.’ Mandatory contextual fencing every occurrence (4:17).
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ziua Domnului
Transliteration: hēmera kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM, the anchor term of chapter 5 (5:2, 4). In Romanian popular usage, ‘ziua Domnului’ can also colloquially denote Sunday (the weekly Lord’s Day of worship, distinct from Revelation 1:10’s κυριακὴ ἡμέρα). Must disambiguate explicitly in every occurrence as the OT/NT eschatological technical term for the final day of judgment and salvation, not the weekly liturgical day.
Hyper Substitution
Approved rendering: pentru noi / în locul nostru
Transliteration: hyper
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: vague ‘because of us’ / benefit-only rendering
Original: ὑπέρ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 5:10, ‘our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for/on behalf of us.’ This is atonement/substitution language; per this Language Package’s escalation rules (parallel to the baseline’s Romans 3:25 propitiation flag), always routed for mandatory theologian review. Orthodox Christus Victor emphasis is not wrong but must not eclipse the specific vicarious-substitution sense Paul states here.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evanghelie
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians Paul repeatedly defends the purity and authority of his gospel proclamation against suspicion of self-interested motives (2:1-12) and links its reception with power, the Spirit, and full conviction (1:5) — a pattern of scrutiny familiar in Romanian culture toward itinerant preachers and minority religious groups (‘secte’). Must not be flattened into generic uplift or read as proselytism framing.
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith, Love, and Hope as a Triad
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians pairs faith with love and hope repeatedly (1:3; 5:8) and treats it as something that can be strengthened or found lacking, requiring pastoral follow-up (3:2, 5-10).
Election
Approved rendering: alegere
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:4 grounds election in observable fruit (gospel-with-power, the Spirit, full conviction) rather than the more contested predestinarian argument of Romans 9; still requires the same caution against imposing Calvinist monergism or dissolving divine initiative into pure human choice.
Calling
Approved rendering: chemare
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, including the CRITICAL ‘chemare monahală’ caution. 1 Thessalonians 4:7 explicitly frames God’s calling in terms of ordinary sexual ethics and marriage for every believer (‘God has not called us for impurity but in holiness’), a useful text for actively counteracting, not merely avoiding, the Romanian Orthodox monastic-vocation collision.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sfințire
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians is this Language Package’s most concentrated sanctification text, with ἁγιασμός occurring three times in one paragraph (4:3, 4, 7) plus the climactic prayer of 5:23. Must be kept lexically distinct from the related but different noun ἁγιωσύνη (‘sfințenie,’ the resultant state) — see ‘hagiosyne’ entry.
Hope
Approved rendering: nădejde
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: speranță (as the primary doctrinal rendering)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Hope
NEW TERM. ‘Speranță’ is modern/secular register connoting uncertain or wishful hope; ‘nădejde’ is the established Bible-tradition term (Orthodox Synodal and Cornilescu alike) conveying confident, grounded expectation. Must be used consistently across 1:3; 2:19; 4:13; 5:8, since ‘speranță’ would flatten Paul’s confident hope into ordinary optimism, undermining the central contrast with those ‘who have no hope’ (4:13).
Koimaomai
Approved rendering: a adormi / cei adormiți
Transliteration: koimaomai
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: κοιμάομαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Romanian Orthodox liturgical tradition already uses ‘adormire’ extensively for the death of the faithful (memorial prayers, ‘veșnica pomenire,’ the feast ‘Adormirea Maicii Domnului’), a strong comprehension asset, but risks conflating this general NT death-euphemism with the specific Marian Dormition tradition. Requires an explicit clarifying note in every occurrence (4:13, 14, 15), parallel to the baseline’s ‘saints’ (Romans 1:7) note. Must remain lexically distinct from καθεύδω — see ‘katheudo’ entry.
Apantesis
Approved rendering: întâmpinare
Transliteration: apantēsis
Doctrine: The Catching Up (Harpazo) of Living Believers
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Natural, established Romanian term for the Hellenistic ‘delegation escorts home an arriving dignitary’ image, reinforced by the existing feast name ‘Întâmpinarea Domnului’ (Feb. 2) — a comprehension asset. That feast commemorates a different biblical event (Luke 2), so a translator note must distinguish this passage’s eschatological ‘meeting’ (4:17) from the liturgical feast.
Orge
Approved rendering: mânie
Transliteration: orgē
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:10 (eschatological, believers rescued from it), 2:16 (historical judgment — flag for mandatory theologian review per the historical-judgment escalation rule, given Romania’s own historical entanglement with antisemitism), and 5:9 (eschatological, believers ‘not destined for wrath’). Must be rendered as God’s righteous, judicial response to sin, never capricious rage.
Rhyomai
Approved rendering: a izbăvi
Transliteration: rhyomai
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: a salva (duplicates mântuire vocabulary, loses rescue-from-present-danger nuance)
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Traditional Romanian Bible term with strong liturgical resonance (cf. ‘și ne izbăvește de cel rău,’ the Lord’s Prayer). Occurs at 1:10, of Jesus ‘who delivers us from the wrath to come.‘
Hagiosyne
Approved rendering: sfințenie
Transliteration: hagiōsynē
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Rejected alternatives: conflating with ‘sfințire’ (ἁγιασμός)
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Kept lexically distinct from baseline ‘sfințire’ (= ἁγιασμός, the ongoing process). 3:13 uses ἁγιωσύνη for the goal-state confirmed complete at Christ’s parousia. Blurring the two would obscure Paul’s distinct process/state emphasis.
Porneia
Approved rendering: curvie
Transliteration: porneia
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as an Expression of Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: desfrânare / imoralitate sexuală (acceptable only as a contemporary-register explanatory gloss)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Established formal term in both Orthodox Synodal and Cornilescu Bibles (4:3, the first-named concrete content of God’s will for sanctification), but sounds archaic or unusually harsh to contemporary ears. Retain for register consistency with a translator note supplying the contemporary equivalent.
Ekdikos
Approved rendering: răzbunătorul
Transliteration: ekdikos
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as an Expression of Sanctification
Original: ἔκδικος
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. ‘The Lord is an avenger’ (4:6) regarding sexual sin against a brother/sister. Risk of sounding vindictive or arbitrary unless carefully framed as righteous, judicial vindication of a wronged party.
Hesychazo
Approved rendering: a trăi liniștit
Transliteration: hēsychazō
Doctrine: Diligence and Quiet, Orderly Living
Rejected alternatives: rendering invoking ‘isihasm’/‘isihie’ terminology
Original: ἡσυχάζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. This is the verbal root of Ἡσυχασμός (Hesychasm), the major Orthodox contemplative-prayer tradition (Gregory Palamas, the Jesus Prayer). At 4:11 the sense is entirely ordinary and ethical — ambition for a quiet, hardworking daily life — not a summons to monastic contemplative practice. Explicit translator/teaching note required every occurrence.
Thlipsis
Approved rendering: necaz
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance under Affliction
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:6; 3:3, 4, 7 (‘we are destined for this’). Must be distinguished from any imported technical ‘Marea Necazie’ (dispensational Great Tribulation) scheme absent from this text.
Comfort Console
Approved rendering: a mângâia
Transliteration: parakaleō (consolation sense)
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: a îndemna (baseline default gloss, rejected specifically for the consolation sense)
Original: παρακαλέω (consolation sense)
Category: Hope
NEW TERM/CONTEXT-SENSITIVE DIVERGENCE. At 4:18 and 5:11, addressed to grieving or anxious believers, the dominant sense is comfort/consolation, not moral exhortation; rendering ‘îndemnați’ would tilt the verse toward a duty-reading. Requires a translator note documenting this deliberate divergence from the baseline’s default ‘exhort’ gloss.
Nepho
Approved rendering: a fi treaz
Transliteration: nēphō
Doctrine: Sobriety and Watchfulness
Original: νήφω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 5:6, 8. Must convey vigilant moral/spiritual alertness as the practical posture of watchful hope pending Christ’s return, not merely literal abstinence from alcohol, though the drunkenness contrast (5:7) functions as a merism.
Katheudo
Approved rendering: a dormi
Transliteration: katheudō
Doctrine: Sobriety and Watchfulness
Rejected alternatives: using the same Romanian verb as κοιμάομαι/‘a adormi’
Original: καθεύδω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM, CRITICAL DISTINCTION FROM κοιμάομαι. Occurs at 5:6, 7, 10, of moral/spiritual laxity, distinct from κοιμάομαι’s death-euphemism sense in chapter 4. Must remain lexically distinct in the Romanian text and translator notes from ‘a adormi’ to preserve Paul’s own careful distinction between two different metaphorical ‘sleeps’ within the same letter.
Sbennymi
Approved rendering: a stinge
Transliteration: sbennymi
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts, Prophecy, and Quenching the Spirit
Original: σβέννυμι
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. ‘Do not quench the Spirit’ (5:19). Risk runs in two directions: justifying unchecked, undiscerned charismatic phenomena, or (per Orthodox institutional caution toward extra-hierarchical religious expression) effectively suppressing legitimate congregational Spirit-led ministry. Requires a balanced teaching note.
Exoutheneo
Approved rendering: a disprețui
Transliteration: exoutheneō
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts, Prophecy, and Quenching the Spirit
Original: ἐξουθενέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. ‘Do not despise prophecies’ (5:20). Connects to the baseline’s Medium-risk ‘spiritual_gifts’ entry (Orthodox eldership/startsy association of prophetic-type discernment with monastic elders rather than the whole congregation) and to impressions in some traditions that NT-style prophecy ceased with the apostolic deposit.
Holoteles
Approved rendering: desăvârșit / pe deplin
Transliteration: holotelēs
Doctrine: Complete Sanctification of the Whole Person
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘sfințească-vă’ without the intensifier
Original: ὁλοτελής
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 5:23, ‘may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely/wholly.’ Must convey the totality of the Spirit’s sanctifying work without implying instantaneous sinless perfection in this life, nor losing the intensifying force of the adverb.
Tripartite Person
Approved rendering: duhul, sufletul și trupul
Transliteration: pneuma, psychē, sōma
Doctrine: Complete Sanctification of the Whole Person
Rejected alternatives: forcing a resolved trichotomist systematic doctrine of human nature
Original: πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Classic trichotomist/dichotomist anthropology proof-text (5:23), a debate live even within Orthodox patristic sources themselves. Present as Paul’s emphatic totality-language, not a settled anthropological system.
Dia Tou Iesou
Approved rendering: prin Iisus
Transliteration: dia tou Iēsou
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: διὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:14; genuinely ambiguous Greek syntax (may modify ‘God will bring’ or ‘those who have fallen asleep’), affecting the baseline’s High-risk ‘Christian Identity in Christ’ doctrine. Per the baseline’s ambiguity-handling protocol, record the alternative rendering and flag for native-speaker review.
Nekroi En Christo
Approved rendering: morții în Hristos
Transliteration: hoi nekroi en Christō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ‘the Christian dead’ as a paraphrase losing the ἐν Χριστῷ formula
Original: οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:16. The ‘în Hristos’ union-formula must be rendered consistently throughout the curriculum, not paraphrased, connecting to the baseline’s High-risk ‘Christian Identity in Christ’ doctrine.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: Biserică
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1 uses the local-congregation sense (‘the church of the Thessalonians’), not the universal-institutional sense; 5:12-13’s local leadership language (‘cei ce vă cârmuiesc’) must not be read as the exclusivist institutional-hierarchy claim.
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. New register introduced at 5:3, ‘peace and security’ — a false, ironic confidence immediately preceding the Day of the Lord’s sudden judgment, distinct from the greeting (1:1) and ‘God of peace’ (5:23) senses.
Called
Approved rendering: chemat
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across 1 Thessalonians occurrences (1:1 apostleship analog, 4:7 sanctification, 5:24 assurance).
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians 2:12, 20 uses δόξα partly of legitimate human honor Paul refuses/receives from the Thessalonians’ spiritual growth, requiring contextual care to keep it distinct from divine glory proper.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: împărăția lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:12, ‘calls you into his own kingdom and glory.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: sfânt
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Inherited from Romans package. Standard adjectival sense, e.g. 5:26 ‘holy kiss’; reviewed for 1 Thessalonians, no new doctrinal risk beyond baseline.
Amemptos
Approved rendering: fără prihană
Transliteration: amemptos
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: ἄμεμπτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 3:13 and 5:23. Functions eschatologically as a future verdict-state; must not resolve the forensic-vs-transformative question beyond what the text states.
Eidola
Approved rendering: idoli
Transliteration: eidōla
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry to the Living God
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:9. Requires reinforcement of the Orthodox iconoclasm-controversy distinction between idols (worshiped as false gods) and icons (venerated, not worshiped, affirmed by the Seventh Ecumenical Council), so as not to cast suspicion on legitimate icon veneration.
Anameno
Approved rendering: a aștepta
Transliteration: anamenō
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: ἀναμένω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. NT hapax legomenon, occurs at 1:10, ‘to wait for his Son from heaven.’ Must convey eager, confident expectation, not passive or anxious waiting.
Hypomone
Approved rendering: răbdare / stăruință
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Faith, Love, and Hope as a Triad
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Hope
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:3, paired with faith and love (‘work of faith, labor of love, steadfastness of hope’). Must convey active perseverance, not fatalistic passivity.
Stephanos Kaucheseos
Approved rendering: cunună de laudă
Transliteration: stephanos kauchēseōs
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Hope
NEW TERM. Occurs at 2:19. Requires a note distinguishing this positive, relational exultation over the Thessalonians at Christ’s coming from the sinful self-boasting Paul elsewhere condemns.
Theodidaktoi
Approved rendering: învățați de Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theodidaktoi
Doctrine: Brotherly Love
Original: θεοδίδακτοι
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. NT hapax legomenon, occurs at 4:9. Clarify this refers to inward Spirit-given moral instruction concerning love, not a claim displacing the role of Scripture and apostolic teaching.
Plerophoria
Approved rendering: deplină încredințare
Transliteration: plērophoria
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Hope
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:5, describing how the gospel came to the Thessalonians ‘with full conviction’ — evidentiary basis for their election, tied to the baseline’s ‘assurance_of_salvation’ doctrine.
Chronoi Kairoi
Approved rendering: vremurile și soroacele
Transliteration: chronoi kai kairoi
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: χρόνοι καὶ καιροί
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 5:1. Hebraic pairing distinguishing chronological duration (chronos) from the fitting, appointed decisive moment (kairos); Romanian lacks as clean a lexical distinction as the Greek, risking loss of the kairos nuance.
Katabaino
Approved rendering: a se coborî
Transliteration: katabainō
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: metaphorical/spiritualized ‘coming into hearts’
Original: καταβαίνω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:16, ‘the Lord himself…will descend from heaven.’ Must retain literal, spatial, bodily descent.
Keleusma
Approved rendering: strigăt de poruncă
Transliteration: keleusma
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘sunet’/‘glas’ alone
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:16. Must not be flattened into a generic sound, which would lose the commanding, authoritative overtone of Christ’s sovereign summons.
Archangelos
Approved rendering: arhanghel
Transliteration: archangelos
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: naming a specific archangel (Michael) in the translated text
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:16, ‘the voice of an archangel.’ Romanian Orthodox archangel veneration (Sf. Mihail și Gavriil) is a comprehension asset, but the Greek is anarthrous/generic; avoid implying a named archangel or inviting devotional invocation here.
Nephelai
Approved rendering: nori
Transliteration: nephelai
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: mere meteorological reading without Daniel 7:13 background
Original: νεφέλαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:17, ‘caught up…in the clouds.’ Requires a teaching note connecting it to Daniel 7:13’s Son-of-Man vision.
Phthano
Approved rendering: a lua-o înainte
Transliteration: phthanō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: a soft, non-emphatic negation
Original: φθάνω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:15, ‘we…will by no means precede those who have fallen asleep.’ The Greek’s emphatic double negative (οὐ μή) must be reflected with equally emphatic Romanian negation.
Pistos Ho Kalon
Approved rendering: credincios este Cel ce vă cheamă
Transliteration: pistos ho kalōn
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Faithfulness in Sanctification
Original: πιστὸς ὁ καλῶν
Category: Hope
NEW TERM. Occurs at 5:24. Closing assurance clause grounding sanctification’s completion in God’s own faithful character; ties to the baseline’s High-risk ‘assurance_of_salvation’ doctrine.
Dikaios Conduct
Approved rendering: cu dreptate
Transliteration: dikaiōs
Doctrine: Apostolic Integrity and Suffering for the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: conflating with baseline forensic ‘dreptate’ (righteousness/justification)
Original: δικαίως
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 2:10, describing Paul’s own conduct (‘devoutly, justly, and blamelessly’). Must be clearly distinguished from the baseline’s Critical-risk forensic ‘dreptate’ doctrine; this is the ethical-conduct sense of the same root.
Proistamenous
Approved rendering: cei ce vă cârmuiesc
Transliteration: proistamenoi
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Original: προϊστάμενοι
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Occurs at 5:12, ‘respect those who labor among you and are over you in the Lord.’ Local congregational leadership sense, not an exclusivist institutional hierarchy claim; ties to the baseline’s Medium-risk ‘church_as_gods_people’ doctrine.
Living And True God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeul cel viu și adevărat
Transliteration: theō zōnti kai alēthinō
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry to the Living God
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:9, standard contrast with idols as part of the conversion narrative.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: mulțumire
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard throughout (1:2; 2:13; 5:18).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: neamuri
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Rejected alternatives: păgâni (pejorative)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 4:5 uses this term in a morally contrastive register (‘the Gentiles who do not know God’), unlike the more neutral ethnic-inclusion sense the baseline documents for Romans; requires a contextual teaching note so ‘neamuri’ is not misread as a blanket ethnic slight.
Exhort
Approved rendering: îndemna
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Affliction
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package for the exhortation-to-action sense only (2:11; 3:2; 4:1, 10; 5:14). See ‘comfort_console’ entry for this Language Package’s deliberate divergence at 4:18 and 5:11, where the dominant sense is consolation, not exhortation.
Salpinx
Approved rendering: trâmbiță
Transliteration: salpinx
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:16. Standard, already familiar through liturgical Scripture reading; minimal risk.
Aer
Approved rendering: văzduh
Transliteration: aēr
Doctrine: The Return of Christ (Parousia)
Rejected alternatives: atmosferă (modern register)
Original: ἀήρ
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:17, ‘to meet the Lord in the air.’ Retain the standard, traditional (poetic/liturgical register) term.
Satanas
Approved rendering: Satana
Transliteration: Satanas
Doctrine: Spiritual Opposition to Ministry
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 2:18 and 3:5. Standard transliterated proper name already well established in Romanian Orthodox and broader Christian culture; minimal syncretism risk.
Agape
Approved rendering: dragoste
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Faith, Love, and Hope as a Triad
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Hope
NEW TERM. Occurs throughout (1:3; 3:6, 12; 5:8, 13), paired with faith and hope. Standard core NT virtue term.
Philadelphia
Approved rendering: dragoste frățească
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Brotherly Love
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:9-10. Standard, low risk.
Hoi Loipoi
Approved rendering: ceilalți
Transliteration: hoi loipoi
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: păgânii (pejorative)
NEW TERM. Occurs at 4:13, referring to unbelieving Greco-Roman society without resurrection hope. Must not be rendered ‘păgânii,’ which the baseline already rejects as pejorative for ‘gentiles.’
Referenced passages