Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Ephesians — English to Romanian
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Ephesians (chapters 1–6), for Phase 2 translation memory extension. Terms already established in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked TM reuse and carry their exact recorded rendering — no deviation permitted. Terms newly identified for Ephesians are marked NEW and are proposed here with risk tier, doctrine linkage, and translation notes, following the same schema and risk-tier conventions as the baseline.
Risk tiers follow baseline definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans TM → Ephesians)
| Term (EN) | Romanian | Risk | Doctrine(s) in Ephesians | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | har | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | Central term of the core passage (2:5, 2:8); retains full baseline Palamite-participation caution |
| faith | credință | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | Core passage 2:8; also “one faith” (4:5), “shield of faith” (6:16) |
| salvation | mântuire | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1, 2, 5, 6 | ”Helmet of salvation” (6:17); root of new title Mântuitor (Savior) |
| righteousness | dreptate | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 4, 5, 6 | ”New man… in righteousness” (4:24); “breastplate of righteousness” (6:14) |
| church | Biserică | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 1, 3, 5 | Reinforced strongly by σῶμα/κεφαλή imagery throughout |
| saints | sfinți | Critical | Church as the Body of Christ; Gifts for Building Up the Church | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | Occurs repeatedly (1:1, 1:15, 1:18, 2:19, 3:8, 3:18, 4:12, 6:18); same corporate-vs-canonized collision as Romans 1:7, requiring the note at every occurrence |
| holy | sfânt | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 1, 2, 5 | ”Holy temple” (2:21); “holy and blameless” (1:4, 5:27) |
| calling / called | chemare / chemat | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1, 4 | ”One hope of your calling” (4:4); “the hope to which he has called you” (1:18) |
| election | alegere | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | Verb form ἐκλέγομαι (1:4); see new term “predestination” below for the closely related but distinct concept |
| adoption | înfiere | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | ”Predestined us for adoption as sons” (1:5) |
| resurrection | înviere | Critical | Walking in Newness of Life | 1, 2 | Underlies συζωοποιέω/συνεγείρω compounds (2:5-6); 1:20 (Christ’s own resurrection) |
| lord | Domnul | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed; Household Codes | 4, 5, 6 | ”One Lord” (4:5); “as to the Lord” (5:22); “Lord Jesus Christ” (6:23-24) |
| son_of_god | Fiul lui Dumnezeu | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 4 | ”Knowledge of the Son of God” (4:13) |
| holy_spirit | Duhul Sfânt | Critical | Gifts for Building Up the Church; Spiritual Warfare | 1, 4, 5, 6 | ”Sealed with the… Holy Spirit” (1:13); “grieve… the Holy Spirit” (4:30); “sword of the Spirit” (6:17) |
| father | Tată | Critical | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1, 2, 3 | ”One God and Father of all” (4:6); “access… to the Father” (2:18) |
| sin | păcat | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Core passage 2:1 |
| gentiles | neamuri | Low | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2, 3 | Central to 2:11-22 and 3:6 |
| glory | slavă | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1, 3 | ”To the praise of his glory” (1:6, 1:12, 1:14) |
| peace | pace | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2, 4, 6 | ”He himself is our peace” (2:14); “bond of peace” (4:3); “gospel of peace” (6:15) |
| spiritual_gifts | daruri duhovnicești | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | Underlies the fivefold ministry list (4:11), though Ephesians’ specific vocabulary is δωρεά/δόματα rather than χαρίσματα |
| fellowship | părtășie | Low | Church as the Body of Christ | 3 | Underlies συμμέτοχος (“fellow partakers,” 3:6) |
| kingdom_of_god | împărăția lui Dumnezeu | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 5 | ”Inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God” (5:5) |
| law | lege | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | ”The law of commandments” (2:15) |
| apostle | apostol | Low | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 1, 2, 3, 4 | Salutation (1:1); foundation (2:20); ministry list (4:11) |
| god | Dumnezeu | Critical | (all doctrines) | 1-6 | Pervasive |
| jesus | Iisus | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1-6 | Standardized per baseline Orthodox Synodal spelling |
| covenant | legământ | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | ”Covenants of promise” (2:12) |
| providence | pronia lui Dumnezeu | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | Conceptually underlies βουλή, “counsel of his will” (1:11) |
| intercession | mijlocire | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | ”Praying at all times… making supplication” (6:18); reinforces baseline caution against defaulting to saint/Marian mediation |
| exhort | îndemna | Low | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | ”I… urge you to walk” (4:1) |
Section B — New Terms Identified in Ephesians (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Romanian | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Translation risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dead (spiritually) | νεκρός / nekros | mort/morți | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Must convey total spiritual incapacity, not weakness; sets up “made alive” contrast |
| trespass | παράπτωμα / paraptōma | greșeală/greșeli | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1, 2 | Distinct from păcat (hamartia); must not read as trivial |
| walk (conduct of life) | περιπατέω / peripateō | a umbla / umblare | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 2, 4, 5 | Structural metaphor for the whole book’s ethical section; render identically at every occurrence (2:2, 2:10, 4:1, 4:17, 5:2, 5:8, 5:15) |
| age (of this world) | αἰών / aiōn | veac | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith; Spiritual Warfare | 2, 6 | Present evil age, not literal eternity |
| ruler of the power of the air | ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος | stăpânitorul puterii văzduhului | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 2 | Title for the devil; teach as a real personal being, guard against folk-superstition drift |
| sons of disobedience | υἱοὶ τῆς ἀπειθείας | fiii neascultării | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2, 5 | Hebraic idiom of characterization, not literal offspring |
| flesh | σάρξ / sarx | fire / trup | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Fallen human nature, not the physical body per se; caution against Orthodox ascetic conflation with bodily discipline |
| wrath (divine and human) | ὀργή / orgē | mânie | Critical (divine) / Medium (human) | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2, 4, 5 | 2:3 (God’s wrath) must remain personal and real; 4:26, 4:31 (human anger) is a distinct referent, same word |
| nature | φύσις / physis | fire | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | ”By nature children of wrath” (2:3) |
| mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | milă / îndurare | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Active divine compassion |
| made alive together with Christ | συζωοποιέω / syzōopoieō | a învia (face viu) împreună cu Hristos | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Realized, “already” resurrection-union language; teach directly against Orthodox process-only theosis framing without denying ongoing sanctification |
| raised/seated together with Christ | συνεγείρω, συγκαθίζω | a scula/așeza împreună (cu Hristos) | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Same assurance-tension as above |
| heavenly places | ἐπουράνιος / epouranios | (locurile) cerești | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ; Spiritual Warfare | 1, 2, 3, 6 | Recurring structural term (1:3, 1:20, 2:6, 3:10, 6:12) for the unseen spiritual realm; not equivalent to final “heaven” |
| surpassing riches (of grace) | ὑπερβάλλον πλοῦτος | belșugul nespus de mare (al harului) | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2, 3 | Must retain superlative force |
| kindness | χρηστότης / chrēstotēs | bunătate | Low | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — |
| gift (of salvation) | δῶρον / dōron | dar | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Distinguish from daruri duhovnicești (spiritual gifts) and δωρεά (4:7) |
| works | ἔργα / erga | fapte | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Must not be confused with the positively commended “good works” as fruit (2:10) |
| boast | καυχάομαι / kauchaomai | a se lăuda | Low | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — |
| workmanship | ποίημα / poiēma | lucrare / făptură | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | Purposeful divine artistry, not a generic created object |
| create | κτίζω / ktizō | a zidi / a crea | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 2, 4 | New-creation theology; connects to “new man” (2:15, 4:24) |
| prepared beforehand | προετοιμάζω / proetoimazō | a pregăti mai dinainte | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 2 | Good works foreordained as fruit, not ground, of salvation |
| blessing | εὐλογία / eulogia | binecuvântare | Low | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1 | Resonates with Orthodox liturgical doxology |
| choose/elect (verb) | ἐκλέγομαι / eklegomai | a alege | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | Corporate, christological framing (“in him”) distinct from Romans 9’s national-election emphasis |
| before the foundation of the world | πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου | mai înainte de întemeierea lumii | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | Eternity-past phrase |
| predestine | προορίζω / proorizō | a predestina / a hotărî mai dinainte | Critical | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | No baseline precedent; same synergism-vs-monergism sensitivity as “alegere,” now sharpened by explicit predestination vocabulary (1:5, 1:11) |
| good pleasure / purpose | εὐδοκία / eudokia | buna plăcere (a voii Sale) | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | — |
| the Beloved (title for Christ) | ἠγαπημένος / ēgapēmenos | Cel Preaiubit | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1 | Must be clearly christological, not generic affection |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις / apolytrōsis | răscumpărare | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1 | Distinct from mântuire, îndreptățire, dreptate imputată; resonates positively with Orthodox Christus Victor / ransom-from-death tradition |
| forgiveness | ἄφεσις / aphesis | iertare | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1 | — |
| mystery | μυστήριον / mystērion | taină | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1, 3, 5, 6 | Major collision with Orthodox Sfintele Taine (sacraments); requires an explicit teaching note at every occurrence distinguishing God’s revealed redemptive plan from sacramental rites, except at 5:32 where genuine convergence with the marriage sacrament should be taught explicitly |
| stewardship/administration | οἰκονομία / oikonomia | iconomie (Cornilescu-tradition alt.: isprăvnicie) | High | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1, 3 | Resonates with Orthodox “iconomia mântuirii” but also carries a distinct canon-law/pastoral-leniency sense requiring disambiguation |
| unite under one head / recapitulate | ἀνακεφαλαιόω / anakephalaioō | a uni toate sub un (singur) cap, în Hristos | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1 | Doctrinal asset: coheres with patristic recapitulation theology (Irenaeus) already esteemed in Orthodox tradition |
| inheritance | κληρόω, κληρονομία | moștenire | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | Connects to înfiere (adoption) |
| counsel/purpose (of God’s will) | βουλή / boulē | sfat / voie | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | Parallels pronia lui Dumnezeu |
| down payment / pledge | ἀρραβών / arrabōn | arvună | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 1 | Well-matched Romanian legal/commercial loanword; low collision risk |
| sealed (with the Spirit) | σφραγίζω / sphragizō | a pecetlui | High | Church as the Body of Christ | 1 | Positive convergence with Orthodox Chrismation formula (“Pecetea darului Duhului Sfânt”); must not narrow Paul’s referent (all who believe the gospel) to require specifically the rite |
| power cluster (might/working/dominion/strength) | δύναμις, ἐνέργεια, κράτος, ἰσχύς | putere, lucrare (energie), tărie, putere | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1 | ἐνέργεια coheres with baseline’s Palamite “uncreated energies” note under har |
| rule, authority, power, dominion (spiritual orders) | ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, δύναμις, κυριότης | domnie, stăpânire, putere, domnie | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 1, 6 | Same vocabulary describes both benevolent angelic hierarchy (1:21, resonant with Pseudo-Dionysius) and hostile powers (6:12); context determines sense |
| head | κεφαλή / kephalē | cap | High | Church as the Body of Christ; Household Codes | 1, 4, 5 | Must render identically across Christological (1:22, 4:15) and marital (5:23) uses so the analogy is visible |
| body (of Christ) | σῶμα / sōma | trup | Critical | Church as the Body of Christ | 1, 2, 4, 5 | Collision with Eucharistic “Trupul lui Hristos” received at Liturgy; requires clarifying note distinguishing corporate-ecclesial from sacramental sense |
| fullness | πλήρωμα / plērōma | plinătate | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 1, 3, 4 | Avoid Gnostic-cosmology associations; avoid vague “completeness” |
| circumcision / uncircumcision | περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία | tăiere împrejur / netăiere împrejur | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | Requires OT covenant background |
| strangers and aliens | ξένοι καὶ πάροικοι | străini și călători | Low | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | — |
| dividing wall (of hostility) | μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ | peretele (zidul) din mijloc al despărțiturii | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | Requires Second Temple historical background |
| hostility | ἔχθρα / echthra | vrăjmășie | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | Both interpersonal and God-ward senses |
| ordinances/decrees (of the law) | δόγματα / dogmata | porunci / rânduieli | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | Must NOT render as “dogme” (false friend; would wrongly suggest Church doctrine was abolished) |
| new man / new humanity (corporate) | καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | omul cel nou | Critical | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | Distinguish from the individual-ethical sense at 4:24 while affirming their connection |
| reconcile | ἀποκαταλλάσσω / apokatallassō | a împăca | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | Cross-achieved reconciliation with God, not mere social harmony |
| access | προσαγωγή / prosagōgē | apropiere / acces | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 2 | Direct access to the Father; should not default toward saint/Marian mediation as the primary model, without denying the value of requesting others’ prayers |
| fellow citizens | συμπολῖται / sympolitai | împreună-cetățeni | Critical (via sfinți) | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | — |
| members of the household (of God) | οἰκεῖοι / oikeioi | casnici (ai lui Dumnezeu) | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 2 | — |
| foundation (of apostles and prophets) | θεμέλιος τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν | temelia apostolilor și prorocilor | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 2 | NT founding office, distinct from OT prophets and the ongoing prophetic gift (4:11) |
| cornerstone | ἀκρογωνιαῖος / akrogōniaios | piatra din capul unghiului | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 2 | Christological title, OT background (Psalm 118) |
| temple | ναός / naos | templu (sfânt) | High | Church as the Body of Christ | 2 | Corporate people of God, not a physical building; risk of collision with Orthodox emphasis on the consecrated church building |
| dwelling place | κατοικητήριον / katoikētērion | locaș | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 2 | — |
| revelation | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | descoperire | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 3 | — |
| fellow heirs / fellow body-members / fellow partakers | συγκληρονόμος, σύσσωμος, συμμέτοχος | împreună-moștenitori, împreună-mădulare, împreună-părtași | Critical | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 3 | Doctrinal core of the “mystery” content; render with full, unqualified co-equal status |
| manifold wisdom | πολυποίκιλος σοφία | înțelepciunea cea de multe feluri | Low | Church as the Body of Christ | 3 | — |
| boldness/confidence | παρρησία / parrhēsia | îndrăzneală | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 3 | Connects to “access” (2:18) |
| breadth, length, height, depth | πλάτος, μῆκος, ὕψος, βάθος | lățime, lungime, înălțime, adâncime | Low | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 3 | Poetic totality-metaphor |
| unity (of the Spirit) | ἑνότης / henotēs | unitate | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 4 | Distinguish Spirit-given unity to be maintained from the Orthodox institutional-unity claim (baseline “church” entry) |
| bond of peace | σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰρήνης | legătura păcii | Low | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 4 | — |
| baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | botez | Critical | Church as the Body of Christ | 4 | Used purely as a unity marker (4:5); does not itself adjudicate mode/subjects debate between Orthodox and Protestant baptismal theology |
| grace-gift (apportioned to each) | δωρεά / dōrea | dar | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | Distinct from δῶρον (2:8) and daruri duhovnicești |
| descended/ascended (of Christ) | καταβαίνω / ἀναβαίνω | a Se pogorî / a Se sui | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 4 | Resonant with Orthodox Paschal Harrowing-of-Hell iconography (Anastasis) |
| evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής / euangelistēs | evanghelist | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | Ministry office; reuses evanghelie root |
| pastor / shepherd | ποιμήν / poimēn | păstor | High | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | Risk of narrowing to ordained clergy only in Orthodox usage, or over-broadening in Evangelical usage |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος / didaskalos | învățător | Low | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | — |
| equipping | καταρτισμός / katartismos | desăvârșire / pregătire (a sfinților) | High (via sfinți) | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | — |
| building up | οἰκοδομή / oikodomē | zidire | Low | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | Reinforces baseline zidirea reciprocă |
| mature manhood / fullness of Christ’s stature | ἀνὴρ τέλειος, μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος | omul desăvârșit/matur… la măsura staturii plinătății lui Hristos | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | τέλειος = corporate maturity, not sinless perfection (avoid over-loading with theosis-perfectionism) |
| old man / new man (individual) | παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος, καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | omul cel vechi, omul cel nou | Critical | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | Individual-ethical sense, distinct from but connected to the corporate “new man” (2:15) |
| renewed (in mind) | ἀνανεόω / ananeoō | a se înnoi | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | Connects to sfințire |
| holiness (of truth) | ὁσιότης / hosiotēs | sfințenie / cuviință | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | Paired with dreptate |
| the devil | διάβολος / diabolos | diavolul | Critical | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 4, 6 | Real personal being, not symbolic evil; avoid disproportionate folk-superstition emphasis |
| grieve the Holy Spirit | λυπέω τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | a întrista pe Duhul Sfânt | High | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | Strong evidence of the Spirit’s personhood; doctrinal asset |
| vice list (bitterness, wrath, clamor, slander, malice) | πικρία, θυμός, ὀργή, κραυγή, βλασφημία, κακία | amărăciune, mânie, iuțime, strigare, hulă, răutate | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | ὀργή/βλασφημία here = human referents, distinct from divine-wrath/blasphemy-against-God senses elsewhere |
| virtue list (kind, tenderhearted, forgiving) | χρηστός, εὔσπλαγχνος, χαρίζομαι | buni, milostivi, iertându-vă | Low | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | χαρίζομαι shares root with har (grace) — teaching asset |
| imitators (of God) | μιμηταί / mimētai | următori (following) ai lui Dumnezeu | Low | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | — |
| offering and sacrifice | προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία | prinos și jertfă | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 5 | Preserve substitutionary atonement sense |
| vice list (sexual immorality, impurity, covetousness) | πορνεία, ἀκαθαρσία, πλεονεξία | curvie (desfrânare), necurăție, lăcomie | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | — |
| idolater | εἰδωλολάτρης / eidōlolatrēs | închinător la idoli | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | Must not be misapplied against Orthodox icon veneration, a distinct category Orthodox theology itself separates from idolatry |
| light / darkness | φῶς / σκότος | lumină / întuneric | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | Resonates with Orthodox Paschal “Lumina lui Hristos” |
| fruit of the light | καρπὸς τοῦ φωτός | rodul luminii | Low | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | — |
| redeeming the time | ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν | răscumpărând vremea | Low | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | Ethical idiom, distinct from soteriological ἀπολύτρωσις |
| be filled with the Spirit | πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι | a vă umple de Duhul | High | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 5 | Ongoing command to all believers; avoid narrowing to elite charismatic experience or purely sacramental-only fulfillment |
| psalms, hymns, spiritual songs | ψαλμοί, ὕμνοι, ᾠδαὶ πνευματικαί | psalmi, laude (imnuri), cântări duhovnicești | Low | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 5 | Resonates with Orthodox liturgical worship |
| submit | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | a se supune | Critical | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 5 | Mutual (5:21) and wife-specific (5:22) senses; avoid imposing a single systematic resolution |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Mântuitor | Critical | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 5 | Noun-title parallel to Domnul; rooted in TM mântuire |
| obey (children/parents) | ὑπακούω / hypakouō | a asculta (de părinți) | Medium | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6 | Distinguish from ascultarea credinței (obedience of faith) |
| honor | τιμάω / timaō | a cinsti | Low | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6 | — |
| discipline and instruction (of the Lord) | παιδεία καὶ νουθεσία | disciplina (mustrarea) și învățătura Domnului | Low | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6 | — |
| slaves / masters | δοῦλοι / κύριοι | robi / stăpâni | Critical | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6 | Requires Greco-Roman historical framing; additional Romanian-specific sensitivity given the historical enslavement of the Roma people (robia țiganilor, abolished 1856) |
| whole armor of God | πανοπλία τοῦ Θεοῦ | toată armura lui Dumnezeu | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | Must retain real spiritual-conflict sense |
| struggle/wrestling | πάλη / palē | luptă | Low | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | — |
| rulers, authorities, cosmic powers, spiritual forces of evil | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας | domnii, stăpâniri, stăpânitorii întunericului, duhurile răutății (în văzduhuri) | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | Real personal hostile spiritual hierarchy; balance against Romanian folk-superstition (deochi) overreach |
| armor pieces (belt/breastplate/shoes/shield/helmet/sword) | ζώνη, θώραξ, ἑτοιμασία, θυρεός, περικεφαλαία, μάχαιρα | brâul adevărului, platoșa dreptății, încălțarea cu evanghelia păcii, scutul credinței, coiful mântuirii, sabia Duhului | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | Compound imagery reusing dreptate, evanghelie, credință, mântuire, Duhul Sfânt |
| prayer and supplication | προσευχὴ καὶ δέησις | rugăciune și cerere | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | Reinforces direct Spirit-enabled prayer, not saint/Marian mediation as primary model |
| watchful | ἀγρυπνέω / agrypneō | a veghea | Low | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | — |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω / presbeuō | sol (ambasador) | Low | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 6 | Paul’s self-description |
| incorruptibility | ἀφθαρσία / aphtharsia | nestricăciune | Low | Walking in Newness of Life | 6 | Connects to resurrection-body theology |
Risk Summary (Ephesians-Specific New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 12 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 16 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 34 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 20 | Automated review |
Critical new terms requiring theologian review at every occurrence: dead (spiritually) [contextual, see notes], wrath (divine sense), redemption, mystery, body (of Christ), new man/new humanity (corporate and individual senses treated as one linked Critical entry), baptism, fellow heirs/fellow members/fellow partakers, submit, Savior (title), slaves/masters, the devil.
Note on Section A: all baseline-reused terms retain their original baseline risk tier and review routing unchanged; this glossary does not alter any baseline risk assignment, only documents new Ephesians occurrences and doctrine linkages.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: har
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace / Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: favoare doar în sens legal, fără nicio participare reală a credinciosului
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central term of the Ephesians core passage (2:5, 2:8; also 1:6-7, 3:2, 3:7, 4:7, 6:24). Preserve the unmerited-favor sense while not entirely flattening the Orthodox Palamite participatory (uncreated energies) dimension.
Salvation
Approved rendering: mântuire
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Gospel of your salvation’ (1:13); ‘helmet of salvation’ (6:17); also the root of the new title ‘Mântuitor’ (Savior, 5:23).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: dreptate
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: dreptate câștigată exclusiv prin efort moral propriu
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘New man… in true righteousness and holiness’ (4:24); ‘breastplate of righteousness’ (6:14).
Saints
Approved rendering: sfinți
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Rejected alternatives: sfinți canonizați, venerați prin icoane și moaște, invocați ca mijlocitori
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at least eight times in Ephesians (1:1, 1:15, 1:18, 2:19, 3:8, 3:18, 4:12, 6:18) — more frequently than in Romans; every occurrence requires the clarifying note that this is a corporate designation for every believer, not canonized/venerated figures.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: înviere
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Christ’s own resurrection (1:20) and the compound ‘made alive/raised/seated together’ verbs of 2:5-6, applying Christ’s resurrection life to believers in realized, present-tense terms.
Lord
Approved rendering: Domnul
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ‘One Lord’ (4:5); ‘as to the Lord’ (5:22); household-code passages repeatedly ground obedience ‘as to the Lord’ or ‘as to Christ.‘
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fiul lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: huios tou theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: fiu al lui Dumnezeu în sensul generic aplicat oricărui credincios
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Knowledge of the Son of God’ (4:13), the maturity goal of the church’s ministry gifts; must not be conflated with believers’ adoptive sonship.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification / Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Sealing (1:13), grieving (4:30, strong evidence of personhood), filling (5:18), and the sword of the Spirit (6:17) all presuppose the Spirit’s full personal deity.
Father
Approved rendering: Tată
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Access… to the Father’ (2:18); ‘one God and Father of all’ (4:6).
God
Approved rendering: Dumnezeu
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: (all doctrines)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Pervasive throughout all six chapters.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Iisus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: Isus (Protestant/Cornilescu spelling)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standardized per Orthodox Synodal spelling; ‘Isus’ noted only as the expected Evangelical/Cornilescu-tradition variant, never mixed within one document.
Divine Wrath
Approved rendering: mânie
Transliteration: orgē (theou)
Doctrine: Divine Wrath Against Sin
Rejected alternatives: dezamăgire divină, consecință impersonală
Original: ὀργή (θεοῦ)
Category: Salvation
2:3 (‘fii ai mâniei din fire’), 5:6. Must not be softened into disappointment or impersonal consequence; God’s wrath is personal, holy, and real, the necessary backdrop for grace in 2:4-9.
Predestine
Approved rendering: a predestina / a hotărî mai dinainte
Transliteration: proorizō
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict, soartă/destin impersonal
Original: προορίζω
Category: Election
1:5, 1:11. No baseline Romans precedent distinct from ‘alegere.’ Orthodox synergistic theology resists monergistic double predestination; teach Paul’s actual claim — God’s purposeful, gracious plan realized ‘in Christ’ — without forcing strict Reformed monergism or a synergist gloss beyond the text.
Redemption
Approved rendering: răscumpărare
Transliteration: apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: mântuire (too general, loses the ransom/price image), îndreptățire (forensic, not the same category)
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
1:7. No single baseline term covers this precisely, distinct from mântuire, îndreptățire, and dreptate imputată. Orthodox Christus Victor/ransom tradition (harrowing of Hades, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory Palamas) resonates strongly and positively; teach inclusively without adjudicating between patristic ransom theories and Western satisfaction theories.
Mystery
Approved rendering: taină
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Mystery
1:9; 3:3,4,9; 5:32; 6:19. Major collision with Sfintele Taine (the seven Orthodox sacraments); no rival word exists. Every occurrence requires a note distinguishing God’s revealed redemptive plan from sacramental rites, EXCEPT 5:32, where genuine convergence with the marriage sacrament should be taught explicitly rather than fenced out.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: trup
Transliteration: sōma
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα
Category: Church
1:23; 2:16; 4:4, 12, 16; 5:23, 30. Collides with the Eucharistic ‘Trupul lui Hristos’ received at the Divine Liturgy; every corporate-ecclesial occurrence needs a clarifying note distinguishing it from, while acknowledging its real connection to, the sacramental Body.
New Man Corporate
Approved rendering: omul cel nou
Transliteration: kainos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Unity
2:15. Must be clearly distinguished in teaching from the individual-ethical sense reused at 4:24 (see ‘old_man_new_man_individual’), while their theological connection is affirmed.
Fellow Citizens
Approved rendering: împreună-cetățeni
Transliteration: sympolitai
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Original: συμπολῖται
Category: Unity
2:19, reusing ‘sfinți’ (saints), inheriting its Critical corporate-vs-canonized collision risk.
Fellow Heirs Members Partakers
Approved rendering: împreună-moștenitori / împreună-mădulare / împreună-părtași
Transliteration: synklēronomos / syssōmos / symmetochos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: συγκληρονόμος / σύσσωμος / συμμέτοχος
Category: Unity
3:6. The precise doctrinal content of ‘the mystery’ — full, co-equal status of Jew and Gentile in inheritance, body, and promise; must be rendered without qualification. σύσσωμος is a genuine Pauline hapax; these Romanian ‘-împreună’ compounds must be constructed consistently.
Baptism
Approved rendering: botez
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: One Baptism as a Unity Marker
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Church
4:5. Orthodox sacramental theology (infant baptism, triple immersion, followed immediately by chrismation) differs substantially from various Protestant baptismal theologies; Ephesians 4:5 uses ‘one baptism’ purely as a confessional unity marker and must not import a settled position on mode/subjects beyond what the text states.
Old Man New Man Individual
Approved rendering: omul cel vechi / omul cel nou
Transliteration: palaios anthrōpos / kainos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
4:22-24. The believer’s former corrupt self versus the new self created after God; must be distinguished from, while connected to, the corporate ‘new man’ of 2:15.
The Devil
Approved rendering: diavolul
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: The Devil and Hostile Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: simbol al răului impersonal (denies personhood)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
4:27, 6:11. Must be taught consistently as a real personal malevolent being across all occurrences, not merely a symbol for impersonal evil, while avoiding disproportionate folk-superstition emphasis.
Submit
Approved rendering: a se supune
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
5:21-22. Significant interpretive debate exists (mutual-submission reading vs. hierarchical-authority reading) with contemporary gender-relations sensitivity; teach both the mutuality of 5:21 and the specific address to wives in 5:22 together with the self-sacrificial love command to husbands (5:25), without imposing a single systematic resolution.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Mântuitor
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Christ as Savior of the Body (the Church)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Household
5:23. Introduces ‘Mântuitor’ as an explicit noun-title, parallel to ‘Domnul’ and rooted in the baseline term ‘mântuire’; applied analogically to the husband-wife relationship — must not let the human marital analogy diminish Christ’s unique saving role.
Slaves Masters
Approved rendering: robi / stăpâni
Transliteration: douloi / kyrioi
Doctrine: Slaves and Masters under Christ’s Lordship
Original: δοῦλοι / κύριοι
Category: Household
6:5-9. Requires explicit historical-cultural framing (Greco-Roman household slavery, not race-based chattel slavery); ‘rob/robie’ vocabulary also carries specific Romanian historical resonance (robia țiganilor, abolished 1856), requiring careful, sensitive pastoral framing distinct from the biblical context.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evanghelie
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Ephesians occurs at 1:13 (‘gospel of your salvation’), 3:6, and 6:15 (‘gospel of peace,’ part of the armor of God). Must remain the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen, not a generic uplifting message.
Faith
Approved rendering: credință
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: evlavie religioasă generală
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Core passage 2:8; also ‘one faith’ (4:5, a confessional unity marker) and ‘shield of faith’ (6:16).
Called
Approved rendering: chemat
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: κλητός
Category: Election
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The hope to which he has called you’ (1:18); ‘the calling to which you have been called’ (4:1, 4).
Calling
Approved rendering: chemare
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: chemare monahală (specifically a call to monastic life)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Election
Inherited from Romans package. ‘One hope of your calling’ (4:4); must not default to ‘chemare monahală’ as the general call of every believer — Ephesians increases the frequency of exposure to this risk.
Election
Approved rendering: alegere
Transliteration: eklogē / eklegomai
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: predestinare dublă în sens calvinist strict
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Election
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:4’s ‘he chose us in him before the foundation of the world’ is corporate/christological, distinct from Romans 9’s Israel-focused argument; teach without imposing Reformed monergism or dissolving divine initiative into pure autonomy.
Law
Approved rendering: lege
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The law of commandments expressed in ordinances’ (2:15), abolished as a dividing wall in Christ.
Covenant
Approved rendering: legământ
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: contract legal
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Covenants of promise’ (2:12), from which Gentiles were formerly excluded.
Intercession
Approved rendering: mijlocire
Transliteration: proseuchē / deēsis / enteuxis
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: mijlocirea exclusivă a sfinților și a Maicii Domnului
Original: προσευχή / δέησις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Praying at all times… making supplication’ (6:18); must not default to saint or Marian mediation as the primary model.
Dead Spiritually
Approved rendering: mort / morți
Transliteration: nekros
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Deadness
Rejected alternatives: slăbit, rănit (softening total incapacity into mere weakness)
Original: νεκρός
Category: Salvation
Core passage, 2:1, 2:5. Must convey total spiritual incapacity, not sickness or weakness; Orthodox synergistic instinct may soften toward ‘slăbit’/‘rănit’ — render literally and let the ‘made alive’ resolution (v.5) carry the theological weight.
Walk Conduct Of Life
Approved rendering: a umbla
Transliteration: peripateō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: a se purta, a trăi (more idiomatic but obscures the book’s structural repetition)
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
The governing lifestyle-metaphor of the letter (2:2, 2:10, 4:1, 4:17, 5:2, 5:8, 5:15). Must render identically at every occurrence, even where a more idiomatic Romanian verb would read more naturally, so the old-walk/new-walk contrast remains visible.
Flesh
Approved rendering: fire / trup
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: trup (alone, risking conflation with the physical body needing ascetic subjugation)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Salvation
2:3. Fallen human nature in rebellion against God, not the physical body per se. Orthodox ascetic tradition (post, asceză) emphasizes bodily discipline against the body; σάρξ here names the whole fallen orientation, not the body. ‘Fire’ overlaps terminologically with φύσις (‘nature’), requiring explanation.
Made Alive With Christ
Approved rendering: a învia (a face viu) împreună cu Hristos
Transliteration: syzōopoieō
Doctrine: Union with Christ: Already Raised and Seated
Original: συζωοποιέω
Category: Salvation
2:5. A realized, present-tense assurance claim; Orthodox theosis theology frames salvation as an ongoing, incomplete synergistic process, so this settled tense should be taught directly without denying ongoing sanctification (4:22-24).
Raised Seated With Christ
Approved rendering: a scula (a învia) / a așeza împreună (cu Hristos)
Transliteration: synegeirō / synkathizō
Doctrine: Union with Christ: Already Raised and Seated
Original: συνεγείρω / συγκαθίζω
Category: Salvation
2:6. Same assurance-tension as ‘made alive with Christ’; ‘seated’ (rest and rule) sits in tension with an ongoing-effort-only reading — both truths must be held together with 6:10-18’s call to stand firm.
Works
Approved rendering: fapte
Transliteration: erga
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
2:9. Must not be confused with the positively commended ‘good works’ as the fruit, not root, of salvation just one verse later (2:10).
Stewardship Oikonomia
Approved rendering: iconomie (Cornilescu-tradition alt.: isprăvnicie)
Transliteration: oikonomia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: administrare (too bureaucratic/flat)
Original: οἰκονομία
Category: Mystery
1:10; 3:2, 9. ‘Iconomie’ is an established Orthodox term (‘iconomia mântuirii’), a genuine asset, but also carries a distinct canon-law/pastoral-leniency sense that could distort the cosmic-historical sense intended; anchor with ‘iconomia mântuirii.‘
Sealed With Spirit
Approved rendering: a pecetlui
Transliteration: sphragizō
Doctrine: Sealing with the Holy Spirit
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Church
1:13. Positive convergence with the Orthodox Chrismation formula ‘Pecetea darului Duhului Sfânt,’ but Paul’s referent is the reception of the Spirit by everyone who believes the gospel — must not be narrowed to require specifically the rite of Chrismation.
Spiritual Rule Authority Orders
Approved rendering: domnie / stăpânire / putere / domnie
Transliteration: archē, exousia, dynamis, kyriotēs
Doctrine: The Devil and Hostile Spiritual Powers
Original: ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, δύναμις, κυριότης
Category: Spiritual Warfare
1:21, 6:12. The same vocabulary describes both the general angelic hierarchy (resonant with the Pseudo-Dionysian nine angelic orders) and, in 6:12, hostile powers; context must always determine the sense.
Head Kephale
Approved rendering: cap
Transliteration: kephalē
Doctrine: Christ’s Headship over the Church
Rejected alternatives: șef/conducător (secular/administrative sense, no relational-authority freight)
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
1:22, 4:15, 5:23. Foundational to both the Church-as-Body doctrine and the household-codes doctrine; render identically across all three occurrences so the Christ-Church/husband-wife analogy remains visible.
Ordinances Dogmata
Approved rendering: porunci / rânduieli
Transliteration: dogmata
Doctrine: Abolition of the Law’s Dividing Ordinances
Rejected alternatives: dogme (FORBIDDEN false friend — would wrongly suggest Church doctrine was abolished)
Original: δόγματα
Category: Unity
2:15. Must NOT be rendered ‘dogme’: Romanian ‘dogmă’ denotes the Church’s own fixed doctrinal formulations (dogmele Bisericii, the Nicene Creed).
Reconcile
Approved rendering: a împăca
Transliteration: apokatallassō
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Rejected alternatives: armonie socială / toleranță (too weak, purely horizontal)
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω
Category: Unity
2:16. Must not be diluted to mere social harmony or tolerance; this is specifically cross-achieved reconciliation with God, with Jew-Gentile unity as its consequence.
Access To Father
Approved rendering: apropiere / acces
Transliteration: prosagōgē
Doctrine: Direct Access to the Father through Christ
Original: προσαγωγή
Category: Church
2:18, 3:12. Parallel to the baseline’s ‘mijlocire’ caution: should not default toward saint or Marian mediation as the primary model of access to God.
Temple
Approved rendering: templu (sfânt)
Transliteration: naos
Doctrine: The Church as the Temple of God
Original: ναός
Category: Church
2:21. Risk of collision with the concrete Orthodox emphasis on the physical consecrated church building; must be taught as the corporate people of God, not a building.
Unity Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: unitatea Duhului
Transliteration: henotēs tou Pneumatos
Doctrine: The Unity of the Spirit
Original: ἑνότης τοῦ Πνεύματος
Category: Unity
4:3. Must be distinguished from the Orthodox ecclesiological claim of ‘unitatea Bisericii’ as the one visible institution in unbroken apostolic succession; Paul describes an existing spiritual reality to be actively guarded, not primarily a canonical claim.
Pastor Shepherd
Approved rendering: păstor
Transliteration: poimēn
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Gifts
4:11. In contemporary Romanian Orthodox usage ‘păstor’ strongly denotes the ordained parish priest (‘păstor sufletesc’); this charismatic-ministry term must not be narrowed to ordained clergy exclusively, nor over-broadened for Evangelical/Pentecostal readers so it loses its specific pastoral-care sense.
Equipping
Approved rendering: desăvârșire / pregătire (a sfinților)
Transliteration: katartismos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: καταρτισμός
Category: Gifts
4:12, reusing ‘sfinți’ (saints), inheriting its Critical corporate-vs-canonized collision risk.
Grieve Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: a întrista pe Duhul Sfânt
Transliteration: lypeō to Pneuma to Hagion
Doctrine: Grieving the Holy Spirit
Original: λυπέω τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: Gifts
4:30. Only a person can be grieved — strong biblical evidence for the Spirit’s full personhood, well-supported by Orthodox trinitarian theology, worth emphasizing positively.
Offering And Sacrifice
Approved rendering: prinos și jertfă
Transliteration: prosphora kai thysia
Doctrine: Christ’s Sacrificial, Atoning Self-Offering
Rejected alternatives: dăruire exemplară (dilutes into merely exemplary generosity)
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία
Category: Salvation
5:2. Must preserve the substitutionary, sacrificial atonement sense, paralleling the baseline’s caution on Romans 3:25 atonement language, without diluting into a merely exemplary act of generosity.
Filled With Spirit
Approved rendering: a vă umple de Duhul
Transliteration: plērousthe en Pneumati
Doctrine: Being Filled with the Spirit
Original: πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι
Category: Gifts
5:18. Given to all believers as an ongoing reality; teach as Paul’s own present-imperative call to continual Spirit-empowered living, addressed to the whole congregation, without adjudicating specific charismatic-experience debates.
Hostile Spiritual Powers
Approved rendering: domnii, stăpâniri, stăpânitorii întunericului acestui veac, duhurile răutății care sunt în văzduhuri
Transliteration: archai, exousiai, kosmokratores tou skotous, pneumatika tēs ponērias
Doctrine: The Devil and Hostile Spiritual Powers
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
6:12. Must communicate real personal malevolent spiritual beings and hierarchy (consistent with 4:27, 2:2) without reducing the passage to abstract structural evil only, or fueling disproportionate occult fear already present in Romanian popular religiosity (deochi, curses).
Prayer And Supplication
Approved rendering: rugăciune și cerere
Transliteration: proseuchē kai deēsis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχὴ καὶ δέησις
Category: Spiritual Warfare
6:18. Reinforces the direct, Spirit-enabled access of 2:18: emphasis on the believer’s own Spirit-enabled prayer, not saint or Marian mediation as the primary model, even while Paul himself asks for others’ prayers (6:19).
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: Biserică
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Biserica ca singura instituție vizibilă legitimă, în sens exclusivist
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central throughout Ephesians (1:22-23; 3:10, 21; 5:23-32), reinforced heavily by the body/head imagery.
Holy
Approved rendering: sfânt
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Holy and blameless’ (1:4); ‘holy temple’ (2:21); ‘holy and without blemish’ (5:27).
Adoption
Approved rendering: înfiere
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Election
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Predestined us for adoption as sons’ (1:5).
Sin
Approved rendering: păcat
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Paired with παράπτωμα (trespasses) in the core passage’s totality-of-sin expression (2:1).
Glory
Approved rendering: slavă
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Refrain ‘to the praise of his glory’ (1:6, 12, 14) structures the whole opening doxology; resonates with Orthodox liturgical doxological formulas.
Peace
Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘He himself is our peace’ (2:14); ‘bond of peace’ (4:3); ‘gospel of peace’ (6:15).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: daruri duhovnicești
Transliteration: charismata / domata
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: harisme rezervate în special stareților și duhovnicilor
Original: χαρίσματα / δόματα
Category: Gifts
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians’ own vocabulary for the fivefold ministry list (4:11) is δωρεά/δόματα rather than χαρίσματα, but the underlying doctrine is the same; must not be narrowed to monastic elders (stareți) or spiritual fathers (duhovnici).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: împărăția lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ Θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God’ (5:5).
Providence
Approved rendering: pronia lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: pronoia (cf. boulē, 1:11)
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: soartă, destin
Original: βουλή
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘the counsel of his will’ (1:11); avoid fatalistic ‘soartă/destin’ framing.
Trespass
Approved rendering: greșeală / greșeli
Transliteration: paraptōma
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: abatere minoră (implying a trivial misstep)
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Salvation
2:1, 1:7 (forgiveness of trespasses). Distinct from ‘păcat’ (hamartia); established Synodal rendering ‘greșeli’ must not read as trivial — teach alongside păcat as equally serious.
Age Of This World
Approved rendering: veac
Transliteration: aiōn
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: αἰών
Category: Spiritual Warfare
2:2. ‘Veac’ must be understood as this present evil age, not literal eternity.
Ruler Of Power Of Air
Approved rendering: stăpânitorul puterii văzduhului
Transliteration: archōn tēs exousias tou aeros
Doctrine: The Devil and Hostile Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: duh al văzduhului (risking a mythic air-spirit reading)
Original: ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
2:2. Established Synodal phrase; must be taught as a real personal being (the devil), not a mythic ‘air-spirit,’ given Romanian folk beliefs about spirits of the air/wind.
Sons Of Disobedience
Approved rendering: fiii neascultării
Transliteration: huioi tēs apeitheias
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: υἱοὶ τῆς ἀπειθείας
Category: Salvation
2:2, 5:6. A Semitic idiom of moral characterization, not literal genealogical offspring; needs a brief note to prevent a genealogical misreading.
Human Anger
Approved rendering: mânie
Transliteration: orgē (anthrōpou)
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ὀργή (ἀνθρώπου)
Category: Sanctification
4:26, 4:31. Same Romanian word as divine wrath (2:3, 5:6) but a distinct referent — human anger, a relational vice to be put away; flag the same-word-different-referent risk.
Nature
Approved rendering: fire
Transliteration: physis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: φύσις
Category: Salvation
2:3, ‘by nature children of wrath.’ Overlaps in Romanian with σάρξ’s rendering ‘fire’; distinguish in teaching notes.
Mercy
Approved rendering: milă / îndurare
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
2:4. Must be read as active divine compassion toward the helpless, apart from merit, not passive sentiment.
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: (locurile) cerești
Transliteration: epouranios
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: cer (final eschatological heaven, too narrow)
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Church
1:3, 1:20, 2:6, 3:10, 6:12. A recurring structural term unique to this letter for the unseen spiritual dimension, encompassing both blessing and hostile spiritual conflict; not equivalent to final ‘heaven.‘
Surpassing Riches Of Grace
Approved rendering: belșugul nespus de mare al harului
Transliteration: hyperballon ploutos tēs charitos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: mult har (flattens the superlative force)
Original: ὑπερβάλλον πλοῦτος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Salvation
2:7. Must retain superlative force (‘surpassing,’ ‘immeasurable’) without flattening into ordinary ‘much grace.‘
Gift Of Salvation
Approved rendering: dar
Transliteration: dōron
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
2:8. Must be distinguished from ‘daruri duhovnicești’ (spiritual gifts) and from δωρεά (4:7, grace apportioned individually) — same Romanian root, different referent.
Workmanship
Approved rendering: lucrare / făptură
Transliteration: poiēma
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: obiect creat generic
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
2:10. Must not be flattened to a generic created object; conveys purposeful, even beautiful, divine artistry specific to redeemed persons.
Create New Creation
Approved rendering: a zidi / a crea
Transliteration: ktizō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: κτίζω
Category: Sanctification
2:10, 2:15, 4:24. Ties election/predestination language (ch.1) to the new-creation and ‘new man’ theology developed across the book.
Prepared Beforehand
Approved rendering: a pregăti mai dinainte
Transliteration: proetoimazō
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: προετοιμάζω
Category: Election
2:10. Good works are foreordained fruit, not the ground, of salvation; same synergism/monergism sensitivity flagged for ‘alegere’ and ‘a predestina.‘
Before Foundation Of World
Approved rendering: mai înainte de întemeierea lumii
Transliteration: pro katabolēs kosmou
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου
Category: Election
1:4. Grounds election in eternity, prior to creation.
Good Pleasure
Approved rendering: buna plăcere (a voii Sale)
Transliteration: eudokia
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: εὐδοκία
Category: Election
1:5, 1:9. God’s free, benevolent purpose.
The Beloved Title
Approved rendering: Cel Preaiubit
Transliteration: ēgapēmenos
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: preaiubitul (lowercase, generic affection)
Original: ἠγαπημένος
Category: Christology
1:6. Must be clearly a christological title, not generic affection language.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: iertare
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Trespasses
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
1:7, reusing παράπτωμα (trespasses). Must stay tied to the costly redemption of 1:7, not read as a separate, cheaper transaction.
Recapitulation
Approved rendering: a uni toate sub un (singur) cap, în Hristos
Transliteration: anakephalaioō
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: a recapitula (false friend meaning ‘to summarize/review a lesson’)
Original: ἀνακεφαλαιόω
Category: Mystery
1:10. A doctrinal asset resonant with Irenaeus’ patristic recapitulation theology, esteemed within Orthodox tradition; do not transliterate as ‘a recapitula.‘
Inheritance
Approved rendering: moștenire
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Election
1:11, 1:14, 1:18, 5:5. Connects naturally to ‘înfiere’ (adoption).
Counsel Of Gods Will
Approved rendering: sfat / voie
Transliteration: boulē
Doctrine: Providence and the Counsel of God’s Will
Original: βουλή
Category: God
1:11. Parallel to the Romans baseline’s ‘pronia lui Dumnezeu.‘
Down Payment Pledge
Approved rendering: arvună
Transliteration: arrabōn
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: garanție, chezășie (would lose the concrete legal-metaphor precision)
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Church
1:14. Well-preserved Romanian commercial/legal loanword closely matching the Greek image; low collision risk, but the legal-metaphor logic should be explained.
Power Cluster
Approved rendering: putere / lucrare (energie) / tărie / putere
Transliteration: dynamis / energeia / kratos / ischys
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: δύναμις / ἐνέργεια / κράτος / ἰσχύς
Category: God
1:19-21. Four near-synonyms for divine power stacked for emphasis; ἐνέργεια coheres naturally with the baseline’s Palamite ‘uncreated energies’ note under ‘har.‘
Fullness Pleroma
Approved rendering: plinătate
Transliteration: plērōma
Doctrine: The Fullness of Christ in the Church
Rejected alternatives: completitudine vagă, cosmologie gnostică speculativă
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Church
1:23; 3:19; 4:13. Must avoid drifting toward speculative Gnostic-cosmology associations or reducing to vague ‘completeness.‘
Circumcision Uncircumcision
Approved rendering: tăiere împrejur / netăiere împrejur
Transliteration: peritomē / akrobystia
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία
Category: Unity
2:11. Requires Old Testament covenant background.
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: peretele (zidul) din mijloc al despărțiturii
Transliteration: mesotoichon tou phragmou
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ
Category: Unity
2:14. Likely evokes the actual Second Temple barrier separating the Court of the Gentiles; needs historical background.
Hostility
Approved rendering: vrăjmășie
Transliteration: echthra
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἔχθρα
Category: Unity
2:14, 2:16. Both interpersonal (Jew-Gentile) and God-ward senses, both resolved at the cross.
Household Members Of God
Approved rendering: casnici (ai lui Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: oikeioi
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Christian Fellowship
Original: οἰκεῖοι
Category: Church
2:19.
Foundation Apostles Prophets
Approved rendering: temelia apostolilor și prorocilor
Transliteration: themelios tōn apostolōn kai prophētōn
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: θεμέλιος τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν
Category: Mystery
2:20. NT apostles and prophets as the Church’s founding, once-for-all revelatory office; distinct from OT prophets and the ongoing prophetic gift of 4:11.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: piatra din capul unghiului
Transliteration: akrogōniaios
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Mystery
2:20. Christological title, echoing Psalm 118/Isaiah 28.
Dwelling Place
Approved rendering: locaș
Transliteration: katoikētērion
Doctrine: The Church as the Temple of God
Original: κατοικητήριον
Category: Church
2:22. God’s habitation among his corporate people, in the Spirit.
Revelation
Approved rendering: descoperire
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Mystery
3:3. Divine disclosure of previously hidden truth.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: îndrăzneală
Transliteration: parrhēsia
Doctrine: Direct Access to the Father through Christ
Original: παρρησία
Category: Church
3:12. Connects to and reinforces ‘access’ (prosagōgē, 2:18).
Grace Gift Apportioned
Approved rendering: dar
Transliteration: dōrea
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: δωρεά
Category: Gifts
4:7. Distinct from δῶρον (2:8, the gift of salvation) and from ‘daruri duhovnicești’ (spiritual gifts) — grace apportioned individually to each believer.
Descended Ascended
Approved rendering: a Se sui / a Se pogorî
Transliteration: anabainō / katabainō
Doctrine: Christ’s Descent and Ascent
Original: ἀναβαίνω / καταβαίνω
Category: Mystery
4:8-10. ‘Descended into the lower parts of the earth,’ widely read by patristic and Orthodox tradition as Christ’s descent into Hades (the Harrowing of Hell, the Paschal Anastasis icon); a doctrinal asset reinforcing existing catechesis.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: evanghelist
Transliteration: euangelistēs
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Gifts
4:11. Reuses the ‘evanghelie’ root.
Mature Manhood Fullness
Approved rendering: omul desăvârșit/matur… la măsura staturii plinătății lui Hristos
Transliteration: anēr teleios / metron hēlikias tou plērōmatos tou Christou
Doctrine: The Fullness of Christ in the Church
Original: ἀνὴρ τέλειος / μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Gifts
4:13. τέλειος carries heavy weight in Orthodox ascetic theosis theology (τελείωσις); here it means corporate doctrinal/spiritual maturity contrasted with being ‘children’ (4:14), not sinless perfection — teach with an explicit ‘not sinless perfection’ gloss.
Renewed In Mind
Approved rendering: a se înnoi
Transliteration: ananeoō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀνανεόω
Category: Sanctification
4:23. Connects to baseline ‘sfințire’ (sanctification).
Holiness Of Truth
Approved rendering: sfințenie / cuviință
Transliteration: hosiotēs
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ὁσιότης
Category: Sanctification
4:24, paired with ‘dreptate’ (righteousness).
Vice List Relational
Approved rendering: amărăciune, mânie, iuțime, strigare, hulă (clevetire), răutate
Transliteration: pikria, thymos, orgē, kraugē, blasphēmia, kakia
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: πικρία, θυμός, ὀργή, κραυγή, βλασφημία, κακία
Category: Sanctification
4:31. Note ὀργή here refers to human anger, not divine wrath (2:3) — same word, different referent.
Vice List Sexual
Approved rendering: curvie (desfrânare), necurăție, lăcomie (pofta de avere)
Transliteration: porneia, akatharsia, pleonexia
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: πορνεία, ἀκαθαρσία, πλεονεξία
Category: Sanctification
5:3. Sins named as unfitting even to be mentioned among believers.
Idolater
Approved rendering: închinător la idoli
Transliteration: eidōlolatrēs
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Sanctification
5:5, applied to the covetous person. Must not be misapplied against Orthodox icon veneration — a distinct category (προσκύνησις/venerare) Orthodox theology itself carefully separates from idolatry (λατρεία).
Light Darkness
Approved rendering: lumină / întuneric
Transliteration: phōs / skotos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: φῶς / σκότος
Category: Sanctification
5:8. Resonates with Orthodox Paschal ‘Lumina lui Hristos’ liturgical language — a doctrinal asset.
Obey Children Parents
Approved rendering: a asculta (de părinți)
Transliteration: hypakouō
Doctrine: Parent-Child Relationships in Christ
Original: ὑπακούω
Category: Household
6:1. Must be distinguished in teaching notes from the baseline ‘ascultarea credinței’ (obedience of faith) — same Romanian root, different referent.
Whole Armor Of God
Approved rendering: toată armura lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: panoplia tou Theou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: încercări ale vieții (generic moralistic ‘trials of life’)
Original: πανοπλία τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
6:11, 13. Must retain the sense of a real, decisive spiritual conflict rather than being reduced to generic moralistic language.
Armor Pieces
Approved rendering: brâul adevărului, platoșa dreptății, încălțarea (gata) cu evanghelia păcii, scutul credinței, coiful mântuirii, sabia Duhului (Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu)
Transliteration: zōnē, thōrax, hetoimasia, thyreos, perikephalaia, machaira
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ζώνη, θώραξ, ἑτοιμασία, θυρεός, περικεφαλαία, μάχαιρα
Category: Spiritual Warfare
6:14-17. Reuses ‘dreptate, credință, mântuire, pace, evanghelie, Duhul Sfânt’; mainly a translation-craft challenge to match Roman-legionary imagery precisely while retaining each reused term’s theological weight.
Low Risk Terms
Gentiles
Approved rendering: neamuri
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: păgâni (pejorative)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Unity
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2:11-22 and 3:6.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: părtășie
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: comuniune (carries stronger Orthodox Eucharistic/liturgical association)
Original: κοινωνία / συμμέτοχος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘fellow partakers’ (συμμέτοχος, 3:6); avoid the stronger Eucharistic overtone of ‘comuniune.‘
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Salutation (1:1); foundation of the church (2:20); ministry gift list (4:11).
Exhort
Approved rendering: îndemna
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. ‘I… urge you to walk’ (4:1).
Kindness
Approved rendering: bunătate
Transliteration: chrēstotēs
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: χρηστότης
Category: Salvation
2:7. Grace expressed as personal kindness; standard vocabulary.
Boast
Approved rendering: a se lăuda
Transliteration: kauchaomai
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
2:9. Excluded because salvation’s source is entirely outside the human agent.
Blessing
Approved rendering: binecuvântare
Transliteration: eulogia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: εὐλογία
Category: God
1:3. Resonates naturally with Orthodox liturgical doxology.
Strangers And Aliens
Approved rendering: străini și călători
Transliteration: xenoi kai paroikoi
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ξένοι καὶ πάροικοι
Category: Unity
2:12, 2:19. Gentiles’ former exclusion from Israel’s covenants.
Manifold Wisdom
Approved rendering: înțelepciunea cea de multe feluri
Transliteration: polypoikilos sophia
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: πολυποίκιλος σοφία
Category: Church
3:10. God’s wisdom displayed with great variety through the Church to the angelic realm.
Dimensions Of Christs Love
Approved rendering: lățime, lungime, înălțime, adâncime
Transliteration: platos, mēkos, hypsos, bathos
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: πλάτος, μῆκος, ὕψος, βάθος
Category: Mystery
3:18. A poetic totality-metaphor for the immensity of Christ’s love.
Bond Of Peace
Approved rendering: legătura păcii
Transliteration: syndesmos tēs eirēnēs
Doctrine: The Unity of the Spirit
Original: σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰρήνης
Category: Unity
4:3.
Teacher
Approved rendering: învățător
Transliteration: didaskalos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Gifts
4:11.
Building Up
Approved rendering: zidire
Transliteration: oikodomē
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Christian Fellowship
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Gifts
4:12, 16, 29. Reinforces baseline ‘zidirea reciprocă’ (mutual edification).
Virtue List Relational
Approved rendering: buni, milostivi, iertându-vă (unii pe alții)
Transliteration: chrēstos, eusplanchnos, charizomai
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: χρηστός, εὔσπλαγχνος, χαρίζομαι
Category: Sanctification
4:32. χαρίζομαι shares its root with χάρις (‘har,’ grace) — a helpful teaching asset for ‘forgiving as God in Christ forgave you.‘
Imitators Of God
Approved rendering: următori (following) ai lui Dumnezeu
Transliteration: mimētai tou Theou
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: μιμηταὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
5:1.
Fruit Of The Light
Approved rendering: rodul luminii
Transliteration: karpos tou phōtos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: καρπὸς τοῦ φωτός
Category: Sanctification
5:9.
Redeeming The Time
Approved rendering: răscumpărând vremea
Transliteration: exagorazomenoi ton kairon
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν
Category: Sanctification
5:16. Must be distinguished from the soteriological ἀπολύτρωσις (1:7); here it is an ethical idiom about wise use of time/opportunity.
Psalms Hymns Songs
Approved rendering: psalmi, laude (imnuri), cântări duhovnicești
Transliteration: psalmoi, hymnoi, ōdai pneumatikai
Doctrine: Being Filled with the Spirit
Original: ψαλμοί, ὕμνοι, ᾠδαὶ πνευματικαί
Category: Gifts
5:19. Resonates naturally with Orthodox liturgical worship forms.
Honor Parents
Approved rendering: a cinsti
Transliteration: timaō
Doctrine: Parent-Child Relationships in Christ
Original: τιμάω
Category: Household
6:2. Filial respect, citing the Decalogue.
Discipline And Instruction
Approved rendering: disciplina (mustrarea) și învățătura Domnului
Transliteration: paideia kai nouthesia Kyriou
Doctrine: Parent-Child Relationships in Christ
Original: παιδεία καὶ νουθεσία Κυρίου
Category: Household
6:4.
Struggle Wrestling
Approved rendering: luptă
Transliteration: palē
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πάλη
Category: Spiritual Warfare
6:12. Close hand-to-hand combat.
Watchful
Approved rendering: a veghea
Transliteration: agrypneō
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ἀγρυπνέω
Category: Spiritual Warfare
6:18. Spiritual alertness.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: sol (ambasador) în lanțuri
Transliteration: presbeuō
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Mystery
6:20. Paul’s self-description as Christ’s representative, even while imprisoned.
Incorruptibility
Approved rendering: nestricăciune
Transliteration: aphtharsia
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Sanctification
6:24, closing benediction. Connects to broader resurrection-body incorruptibility theology, an asset given the resurrection’s cultural centrality.
Referenced passages