Passage
Romans 10
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Given the significant legal and social sensitivity around proselytization in many Urdu-speaking contexts, evangelism language must be framed as gentle proclamation and personal testimony, never confrontation, and native speaker review should specifically assess regional legal/social risk alongside translation accuracy.
ROM.10.14-15
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Doctrine
Faith
ایمان is shared vocabulary with the six articles of Islamic faith; every occurrence must make explicit that the object of saving faith is personal trust in Christ specifically, not creedal assent to a list of beliefs.
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
ایمان is shared vocabulary with Islamic theology (belief in Allah, his angels, his books, his messengers, the last day, and divine decree -- the six articles of iman) and is not rejected, since it is also the settled Urdu Christian Bible term; however, every occurrence must make the object of faith explicit (trust in Christ specifically), since ایمان's Islamic usage names assent to a creedal list rather than personal trust in a specific mediator.
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Fulfillment in Christ specifically, not read as pointing forward to a later, final prophet in the way Islamic prophetology reads earlier prophetic material as anticipating Muhammad.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
CRITICAL CAUTION: کافر (kafir, 'unbeliever/infidel') must never be used for 'Gentile' -- in Islamic theology this is a sharply pejorative and theologically loaded term for a rejector of Islam specifically, not a neutral ethnic descriptor for 'non-Jew.' غیر قوموں ('other nations/peoples') is the correct, neutral rendering.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Gospel
Must be distinguished from انجیل used alone in a way that invokes the Islamic doctrine that the original Injil given to Isa was later corrupted (tahrif) and is therefore unreliable; frame the gospel as the proclaimed message about Christ, not primarily as a claim about a preserved book.
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Established Urdu Christian Bible term ('good/joyful news').
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Intercession
شفاعت is shared vocabulary: Islamic theology has its own doctrine of intercession, chiefly Muhammad's intercession for his community on the day of judgment.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established form, also recognized in Quranic usage (Bani Isra'il, 'Children of Israel').
ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Jesus
CRITICAL AND DISTINCT FROM EVERY OTHER LANGUAGE IN THIS BATCH: unlike Hindi, where ईसा (Isa) is a minority/Muslim-register option next to the Christian-majority यीशु, in Urdu عیسیٰ (Isa) IS the majority, default name for Jesus for most readers, since it is the Qur'an's own name for him (e.g.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Justification
Compound phrase required; no single Urdu word carries the forensic 'declared righteous' sense.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Law
شریعت is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for the Mosaic Law, but it is also the central Islamic legal-theological term for the entire body of Allah's law as revealed through Muhammad -- a much broader and differently sourced concept than Torah.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Lord
خداوند is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for 'Lord,' built on خدا (see 'god' entry) plus an honorific suffix, and is distinguishable from Quranic Arabic vocabulary.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: Romans 10:9 -- 'Jesus is Lord' is the salvation confession, rendered 'یسوع خداوند ہے.' Exclusive, supreme Lordship, directly implying deity, which collides with tawhid at the same point as Deity of Christ above.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
Direct access to God in Christ's name; distinguish from Islamic salat (formal ritual prayer) and from the specific Islamic doctrine of Muhammad's future intercession for his community at judgment.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration of what is to come; a standard Urdu term with no major competing sense.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: تقویٰ (taqwa, God-consciousness/piety) is rejected as the primary rendering because it names a whole Quranic ethical-spiritual disposition achieved through obedience and God-consciousness, not a status granted through faith apart from works.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL AND STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT FROM EVERY OTHER LANGUAGE IN THIS PIPELINE: نجات (najat) is a shared word across both scripture traditions, not a wrong word standing in for a right one.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: نجات is the established Urdu Christian Bible term, but it is also the ordinary Islamic word for deliverance from hell/judgment.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Must retain the specific Jew/Gentile framing Paul uses rather than assimilating it to a generic Muslim/non-Muslim or believer/kafir framework, which would import a different set of distinctions than Romans describes.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No ethnic or religious-community barrier to the gospel; must not be softened, and must be clearly distinguished from the Islamic ummah concept of a single global religious-political community superseding prior distinctions.
ROM.10.12-13