Sin

Shared vocabulary with Islamic theology, but with a narrower semantic range than Romans requires: Islamic theology holds each person accountable only for their own individual sins, with no doctrine of inherited Adamic guilt or total depravity (Islam holds humans are born in a state of natural purity, fitrah). گناہ is retained as the correct word for individual wrongdoing, but Romans’ specific claim (all humanity inherits a sin-nature from Adam, not merely commits individual sins) must be explicitly taught as an additional claim گناہ alone does not carry.