Passage

Romans 3

• Doctrine

  Faith

  ایمان is shared vocabulary with the six articles of Islamic faith; every occurrence must make explicit that the object of saving faith is personal trust in Christ specifically, not creedal assent to a list of beliefs.

  ROM.3.22-28

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  ایمان is shared vocabulary with Islamic theology (belief in Allah, his angels, his books, his messengers, the last day, and divine decree -- the six articles of iman) and is not rejected, since it is also the settled Urdu Christian Bible term; however, every occurrence must make the object of faith explicit (trust in Christ specifically), since ایمان's Islamic usage names assent to a creedal list rather than personal trust in a specific mediator.

  ROM.3.22-28

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Fulfillment in Christ specifically, not read as pointing forward to a later, final prophet in the way Islamic prophetology reads earlier prophetic material as anticipating Muhammad.

  ROM.3.21

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  CRITICAL CAUTION: کافر (kafir, 'unbeliever/infidel') must never be used for 'Gentile' -- in Islamic theology this is a sharply pejorative and theologically loaded term for a rejector of Islam specifically, not a neutral ethnic descriptor for 'non-Jew.' غیر قوموں ('other nations/peoples') is the correct, neutral rendering.

  ROM.3.29-30

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor apart from works, distinguished from the Islamic soteriological framework in which Allah's rahmat (mercy) operates alongside a deeds-weighed-at-judgment (mizan, the scales) system rather than apart from it.

  ROM.3.24

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  فضل is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for unmerited divine favor.

  ROM.3.24

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Proper name; established form, also recognized in Quranic usage (Bani Isra'il, 'Children of Israel').

  ROM.3.29-30

• Glossary Term

  Law

  شریعت is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for the Mosaic Law, but it is also the central Islamic legal-theological term for the entire body of Allah's law as revealed through Muhammad -- a much broader and differently sourced concept than Torah.

  ROM.3.21

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration of what is to come; a standard Urdu term with no major competing sense.

  ROM.3.21

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Shared vocabulary with Islamic theology, but with a narrower semantic range than Romans requires: Islamic theology holds each person accountable only for their own individual sins, with no doctrine of inherited Adamic guilt or total depravity (Islam holds humans are born in a state of natural purity, fitrah).

  ROM.3.23

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Must retain the specific Jew/Gentile framing Paul uses rather than assimilating it to a generic Muslim/non-Muslim or believer/kafir framework, which would import a different set of distinctions than Romans describes.

  ROM.3.29-30

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  Romans' claim of inherited sin-nature from Adam (not merely individual sins) goes beyond Islamic theology's affirmation of individual accountability without inherited guilt (humans born in fitrah, natural purity); this additional claim must be taught explicitly, not assumed already shared.

  ROM.3.23