Election

تقدیر (taqdir, divine decree/predestination) is a major, precisely debated Islamic theological category in its own right (the classical Ash’ari-Mu’tazila dispute over qadar, divine decree versus human free will); it is avoided as the primary rendering of election specifically because it would import that whole separate debate rather than naming God’s particular gracious choice of specific people for salvation as Romans describes. تقدیر may need to be engaged directly in supporting material on providence (see that entry) but should not double as the word for ‘election.’