Passage
Romans 15
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Doctrine
Christ-Centered Ministry
Ministry done in Christ's name, by his power, for his glory, not generic humanitarian service or Islamic da'wah-style religious instruction detached from the specific gospel content.
ROM.15.17-21
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ, deliberately not named with ummah (the Islamic global-community concept).
ROM.15.24
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Glossary Term
Church
Established, transliterated Urdu Christian term for the local congregation.
ROM.15.26
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Doctrine
Church as God's People
New covenant community, not a mosque-centered institution or the Islamic ummah.
ROM.15.26
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Glossary Term
Covenant
عہد is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for a solemn, relational covenant (also used of Allah's covenant with the prophets and humanity in Islamic theology, e.g.
ROM.15.12
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Glossary Term
David
Established Urdu form, also matching the Qur'an's own Dawud, a genuine point of shared proper-name recognition.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires explicit Old Testament background explanation; Islamic tradition recognizes Dawud as a prophet-king but does not carry a comparable royal-lineage-covenant doctrine pointing to a promised royal descendant.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Given the significant legal and social sensitivity around proselytization in many Urdu-speaking contexts, evangelism language must be framed as gentle proclamation and personal testimony, never confrontation, and native speaker review should specifically assess regional legal/social risk alongside translation accuracy.
ROM.15.20
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: use منت سماجت (entreaty) for beseeching; نصیحت کرنا (to admonish/encourage) for building up.
ROM.15.2
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
امت (ummah, the global Islamic community) is explicitly rejected as too specifically tied to the Islamic communal-religious-political identity concept; رفاقت (companionship/fellowship) names shared participation in Christ without importing that specific institutional concept.
ROM.15.24
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Fulfillment in Christ specifically, not read as pointing forward to a later, final prophet in the way Islamic prophetology reads earlier prophetic material as anticipating Muhammad.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
CRITICAL CAUTION: کافر (kafir, 'unbeliever/infidel') must never be used for 'Gentile' -- in Islamic theology this is a sharply pejorative and theologically loaded term for a rejector of Islam specifically, not a neutral ethnic descriptor for 'non-Jew.' غیر قوموں ('other nations/peoples') is the correct, neutral rendering.
ROM.15.7-12
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Doctrine
Gospel
Must be distinguished from انجیل used alone in a way that invokes the Islamic doctrine that the original Injil given to Isa was later corrupted (tahrif) and is therefore unreliable; frame the gospel as the proclaimed message about Christ, not primarily as a claim about a preserved book.
ROM.15.19-20
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Established Urdu Christian Bible term ('good/joyful news').
ROM.15.19-20
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Glossary Term
Holy
پاک is the established Urdu Christian Bible term (also familiar from Pakistan's own name, 'land of the pure'), meaning set apart for God and morally pure.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Holy Spirit
CRITICAL AND UNUSUAL: روح القدس is not merely similar to a Quranic phrase, it IS a Quranic phrase (e.g.
ROM.15.16
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
Must be distinguished from the Islamic doctrine that the Qur'an is Allah's final, perfectly preserved revelation superseding and correcting earlier scriptures (including the Torah and Injil), which Islamic theology holds were corrupted (tahrif) by their communities over time.
ROM.15.4
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Glossary Term
Intercession
شفاعت is shared vocabulary: Islamic theology has its own doctrine of intercession, chiefly Muhammad's intercession for his community on the day of judgment.
ROM.15.30-32
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established form, also recognized in Quranic usage (Bani Isra'il, 'Children of Israel').
ROM.15.7-12
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Doctrine
Kingdom Mission
God's reign advancing through the gospel, not a political caliphate (khilafat)-style kingdom, a historically loaded concept in South Asian Muslim political discourse.
ROM.15.12, ROM.15.18-21
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Glossary Term
Kingdom Of God
God's sovereign reign; distinguish from a political caliphate-style kingdom concept (khilafat), which carries specific historical and political weight in South Asian Muslim discourse.
ROM.15.12, ROM.15.18-21
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Glossary Term
Law
شریعت is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for the Mosaic Law, but it is also the central Islamic legal-theological term for the entire body of Allah's law as revealed through Muhammad -- a much broader and differently sourced concept than Torah.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Messiah
مسیح ('Messiah/Christ') is shared vocabulary: the Qur'an itself calls Isa 'al-Masih' (e.g.
ROM.15.8-12
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: the Qur'an itself calls Isa 'al-Masih' (e.g.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Mission
دعوت (da'wah) and تبلیغ (tabligh) are both specific, well-known Islamic technical terms for the call/propagation of Islam; using either for Christian mission would be immediately and specifically recognized as a direct parallel-claim, which is more confusing than clarifying here.
ROM.15.15-24
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Avoid da'wah or tabligh, both specific Islamic technical terms for propagating Islam that would be read as a direct competing-missionary-claim rather than a description of gospel proclamation.
ROM.15.15-24
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.15.2
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
Direct access to God in Christ's name; distinguish from Islamic salat (formal ritual prayer) and from the specific Islamic doctrine of Muhammad's future intercession for his community at judgment.
ROM.15.30-32
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration of what is to come; a standard Urdu term with no major competing sense.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Prophet
Shared vocabulary with Islamic theology (nabi as a general term for a prophet, distinct from rasul; the Qur'an names many of the same Old Testament figures as prophets).
ROM.15.4
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Doctrine
Sanctification
The Spirit's work of making believers holy, distinguished from Islamic ritual-purity law (tahara) and from Sufi ascetic-devotional practice aimed at nearness to God (qurb).
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Sanctification
The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy; established Urdu Christian Bible term, distinct from ritual purification categories in Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence).
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Must not be confused with formal Islamic ritual-purity states (tahara, wudu, ghusl) or with the specific devotional-ascetic status of a Sufi wali.
ROM.15.16
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Must retain the specific Jew/Gentile framing Paul uses rather than assimilating it to a generic Muslim/non-Muslim or believer/kafir framework, which would import a different set of distinctions than Romans describes.
ROM.15.7-12