Passage

Romans 16

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, deliberately not named with ummah (the Islamic global-community concept).

  ROM.16.3-16

• Glossary Term

  Church

  Established, transliterated Urdu Christian term for the local congregation.

  ROM.16.1-16

• Doctrine

  Church as God's People

  New covenant community, not a mosque-centered institution or the Islamic ummah.

  ROM.16.1-16

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  امت (ummah, the global Islamic community) is explicitly rejected as too specifically tied to the Islamic communal-religious-political identity concept; رفاقت (companionship/fellowship) names shared participation in Christ without importing that specific institutional concept.

  ROM.16.3-16

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith already given, deliberately avoiding اسلام (islam, 'submission') as a translation choice specifically because that word is now the proper name of a distinct religion.

  ROM.16.26

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.16.26

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term, genuinely shared ground with the Quranic virtue of shukr.

  ROM.16.4

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term, built on شکر (shukr), itself also a significant Quranic virtue (gratitude to Allah); no significant doctrinal risk here since the underlying disposition of gratitude is genuinely shared ground.

  ROM.16.4