Passage

Romans 6

• Doctrine

  Christian Identity in Christ

  Identity located in union with Christ, not in ummah membership, ethnic-religious community, or family/social standing -- a claim with real social cost in many Urdu-speaking contexts where conversion carries significant family and community consequences.

  ROM.6.1-11

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor apart from works, distinguished from the Islamic soteriological framework in which Allah's rahmat (mercy) operates alongside a deeds-weighed-at-judgment (mizan, the scales) system rather than apart from it.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  فضل is the established Urdu Christian Bible term for unmerited divine favor.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Holy

  پاک is the established Urdu Christian Bible term (also familiar from Pakistan's own name, 'land of the pure'), meaning set apart for God and morally pure.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Holy Spirit

  CRITICAL AND UNUSUAL: روح القدس is not merely similar to a Quranic phrase, it IS a Quranic phrase (e.g.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL AND DISTINCT FROM EVERY OTHER LANGUAGE IN THIS BATCH: unlike the vernacular Hindu-context languages, Islam does NOT deny bodily resurrection -- qiyamat (the general resurrection of all people for judgment) is a core, affirmed Islamic doctrine.

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL AND DISTINCT IN KIND FROM EVERY OTHER LANGUAGE IN THIS PIPELINE: Islam affirms a general bodily resurrection (qiyamat) at the end of time, so this doctrine is not denied outright the way it might be assumed to be; however, Christ's death is denied (see the closely related atonement/crucifixion risk under Salvation and Grace), which makes his specific, already-accomplished resurrection ahead of the general resurrection a claim that presupposes a crucifixion Islamic theology rejects happened at all (Qur'an 4:157).

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Sanctification

  The Spirit's work of making believers holy, distinguished from Islamic ritual-purity law (tahara) and from Sufi ascetic-devotional practice aimed at nearness to God (qurb).

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Sanctification

  The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy; established Urdu Christian Bible term, distinct from ritual purification categories in Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence).

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with formal Islamic ritual-purity states (tahara, wudu, ghusl) or with the specific devotional-ascetic status of a Sufi wali.

  ROM.6.22