Passage
Romans 15
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Doctrine
Christ-Centered Ministry
Ministry done in Christ's name and power, not merely humanitarian relief or development work among pastoralist communities divorced from the gospel message itself.
ROM.15.17-21
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ; no significant doctrinal risk beyond confirming regional naturalness of the descriptive term used.
ROM.15.24
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Glossary Term
Church
kawtal ('gathering/assembly,' from kawt-, 'to gather') is a native-rooted term for the church as gathered people, deliberately avoiding any Arabic-Islamic-institution vocabulary.
ROM.15.26
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Doctrine
Church as God's People
kawtal should be understood as the whole people of God, not narrowed to a single congregation; confirm regional currency with native speakers given the limited established base of Fulfulde church vocabulary.
ROM.15.26
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Glossary Term
Covenant
alkawal (Arabic-derived, 'promise/covenant') is used in existing Fulfulde New Testament translation titles (e.g.
ROM.15.12
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Glossary Term
David
Standard proper name form, shared in root with the Quranic Dawud.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Daawuda is a familiar figure from the Quranic Dawud narrative too, a point of shared recognition, but the biblical covenant narrative behind his significance in Romans differs and requires explicit OT background.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Direct evangelism can be culturally and, in some areas, practically sensitive given the depth of Islamic religious identity in Fulani communities; use language of proclamation and relational witness rather than confrontational campaign language.
ROM.15.20
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: use torraade (entreaty, beseeching) for urgent appeal; wallitde/semmbinde (encourage, strengthen) for edification contexts.
ROM.15.2
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
A descriptive term for shared community/mutual relationship; confirm regional naturalness with native speakers given limited established Christian devotional vocabulary.
ROM.15.24
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear historical fulfillment (OT to NT) must be distinguished from a Quranic-style prophetology in which each new prophet supersedes the last with a new revealed book, rather than a unified, progressively unfolding single covenant history.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
leƴƴi goo ('other nations/peoples') is a descriptive rendering correctly conveying 'non-Jewish peoples' without a pejorative charge, appropriate given the sensitivity of ethnic-group language in a region where inter-ethnic relations (including tensions between Fulani pastoralist and neighboring farming communities) are a live social reality.
ROM.15.7-12
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Doctrine
Gospel
Linjiila's recognition varies by dialect region and by whether a reader's primary exposure has been Islamic (where al-Injil is understood via the tahrif doctrine as a scripture later corrupted) or Christian; this must be addressed explicitly, and the term's currency reconfirmed against the specific dialect translation in local use.
ROM.15.19-20
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Linjiila (from Arabic al-Injil via existing regional Bible translation work) is the term used in the existing Fulfulde/Pular New Testament translations, but recognition varies by dialect region and by whether a reader's exposure has been Islamic (where al-Injil is understood as a scripture given to Isa and later corrupted, per the tahrif doctrine) or Christian.
ROM.15.19-20
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Glossary Term
Holy
ceniiɗo ('pure/clean' in a moral-religious sense) is the best-attested term.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Holy Spirit
Ruuhu Ceniiɗo must always be used in full.
ROM.15.16
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
The tahrif doctrine (that earlier scriptures were corrupted and superseded by the Quran) is likely to be especially well known and well articulated among Fulfulde-speaking readers given the depth and prestige of regional Quranic scholarly education; this challenge to a trustworthy, preserved biblical text needs explicit, confident address.
ROM.15.4
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Glossary Term
Intercession
torgol wonande ('to plead/request on behalf of') is a descriptive compound for prayer on behalf of others (Romans 8:26-27).
ROM.15.30-32
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Glossary Term
Israel
Standard proper name; note the modern nation-state of Israel shares a similar name, so context should clarify when the biblical people/covenant referent, not the contemporary state, is meant.
ROM.15.7-12
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Doctrine
Kingdom Mission
God's reign advancing through the gospel must be distinguished from any historic or contemporary political Islamic state structure, given the memory of the Fulani-led Sokoto Caliphate.
ROM.15.12, ROM.15.18-21
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Glossary Term
Kingdom Of God
laamu Alla ('God's rule/kingdom') is standard.
ROM.15.12, ROM.15.18-21
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Glossary Term
Law
sariya (an Arabic loanword sharing its root with 'Sharia') is the standard term for the Mosaic Law/Torah and for law generally.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: Almasiihu is transliterated directly from Arabic, shared with the Quranic title for Isa (al-Masih).
ROM.15.8-12
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: Almasiihu is shared vocabulary with the Quranic Isa al-Masih figure, giving readers an existing category for a figure called 'the Messiah,' but Islamic theology denies his divinity, atoning death, and resurrection.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Mission
yamiroore Linjiila ('the task/mandate of the Gospel') is a descriptive rendering; this curriculum should be sensitive to the historically complex and at times contested religious landscape of the Sahel when framing evangelistic activity.
ROM.15.15-24
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
This curriculum should be sensitive to the historically complex and at times contested religious landscape of the Sahel when framing evangelistic activity, and to inter-ethnic tensions between pastoralist and neighboring farming communities where relevant.
ROM.15.15-24
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.15.2
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
Must be kept distinct from salaa, the highly ritualized Islamic five-times-daily prayer, and from any suggestion of marabout-mediated petitionary practice.
ROM.15.30-32
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
A derived form for prophetic declaration; confirm exact regional form with native speakers given thinner established vocabulary.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Prophet
annabi (Arabic loanword) is standard and shared with Islamic usage for both Old Testament and Quranic prophetic figures, a genuine point of contact requiring care that readers do not assume OT prophets fit a Quranic prophetology (each superseding the last with a new book) rather than a unified, progressively unfolding covenant history.
ROM.15.4
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Doctrine
Sanctification
Not yet a crystallized fixed theological term across Fulfulde dialects; must be kept distinct from laaɓal, ritual purification associated with Islamic ablution (wuduu) practice, which is external and physical rather than the Spirit's internal moral transformation Romans 6-8 describes.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Sanctification
ceniinde (the process of being made pure/holy) is a plausible derived form, but is not yet a crystallized fixed theological term across Fulfulde dialects and should be confirmed with a native-speaking theologian.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; a descriptive phrase conveying physical lineage from David, resonating with the strong Fulani cultural emphasis on lineage and genealogy (important for pastoralist clan identity).
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Biblical 'set apart' in Romans is devotion to God while remaining fully engaged in ordinary pastoralist community life, not a specialized religious vocation; should be distinguished from Islamic scholarly clerical roles (marabouts, Quranic teachers) that carry specific social status in Fulani communities.
ROM.15.16
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Requires careful OT grounding for readers whose independent narrative knowledge of Israel's covenant history may come primarily through the Quranic narrative rather than the biblical one.
ROM.15.7-12