Grace

CRITICAL: arjunde is attested in regional Fulfulde religious usage for divine favor/reward, but as Arabic-influenced vocabulary shared with Islamic usage, it is generally understood there as responsive to piety and good deeds rather than wholly unmerited. barke (a widespread West African Islamic-Sufi concept of blessing/spiritual power, often associated with respected marabouts and Sufi saints) must never substitute, as it carries strong reciprocal and person-mediated connotations. Romans’ ‘apart from works’ argument (4:4-5, 11:5-6) must be stated explicitly rather than assumed from the word alone; native-speaker confirmation of arjunde’s currency in the target dialect is required before enforcement.