Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Peter (English → Tamil)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all five chapters of 1 Peter. Section A lists terms that already exist in the baseline translation_memory.json and are reused exactly per the hard governing rule. Section B lists new terms this curriculum introduces, each assigned a risk tier consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low conventions. Section C covers proper names and citation conventions. Section D gives a risk-tier summary for Phase 2 review routing.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Translation Memory
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Tamil Rendering (from baseline TM) | Risk (baseline) | 1 Peter Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός (theos) | கடவுள் | Critical | Throughout |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | பிதா | Critical | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | கர்த்தர் | Critical | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15, 5:14 (note: NOT used for the household-address sense at 3:6, see 08.B) |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | இயேசு | Critical | Throughout |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | கிறிஸ்து | Critical | Throughout |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர் | Critical | 1:2, 1:12, 4:14 |
| Holy / Sanctification | ἅγιος / ἁγιασμός (hagios / hagiasmos) | பரிசுத்தம் / பரிசுத்தமாக்குதல் | High | 1:2, 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5, 3:15 |
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | கிருபை | Critical | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 |
| Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | இரக்கம் | Medium | 1:3, 2:10 |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | விசுவாசம் | High | 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 |
| Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | நம்பிக்கை | High | 1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15 |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | உயிர்த்தெழுதல் | Critical | 1:3, 3:21 |
| Salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | இரட்சிப்பு | Critical | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2 |
| Revelation (disclosure) | ἀποκάλυψις / ἀποκαλύπτω | வெளிப்படுத்துதல் | High | 1:5, 1:7, 1:12, 4:13 |
| Power of God | δύναμις Θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | தேவனுடைய வல்லமை | High | 1:5 (compound-tension note: retains inherited தேவனுடைய form) |
| Heaven(s) | οὐρανοί (ouranoi) | பரலோகம் | Critical | 1:4, 1:12, 3:22 |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | சுதந்தரம் | High | 1:4 |
| Heir | συγκληρονόμος (synklēronomos) | சுதந்தரவாளி (compound: உடன் சுதந்தரவாளி) | High | 3:7 |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | நீதி | Critical | 2:24, 3:14, 3:18, 4:18 |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | பாவம் | High | 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 |
| Flesh | σάρξ (sarx) | மாம்சம் | Critical | 3:18, 3:21, 4:1, 4:2, 4:6 |
| Freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | விடுதலை | Critical | 2:16 |
| Redemption (ransom) | λυτρόω (lytroō) | மீட்பு (verb: மீட்கப்பட்டீர்கள்) | High | 1:18 |
| Blood of Christ | αἷμα Χριστοῦ (haima Christou) | கிறிஸ்துவின் இரத்தம் | High | 1:2, 1:19 |
| Cornerstone | ἀκρογωνιαῖος (akrogōniaios) | மூலைக்கல் | Medium | 2:6, 2:7 |
| Temple / Spiritual House (concept) | ναός-family concept | ஆலயம் (concept parallel; 1 Peter’s own term is οἶκος πνευματικός, see 08.B) | High | 2:5 (conceptual link) |
| Submission | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | கீழ்ப்படிதல் | High | 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5 |
| Overseer(s) | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopos) | கண்காணி(கள்) | Medium | 2:25, 5:2 |
| Pastor / Shepherd | ποιμήν (poimēn) | மேய்ப்பர் | Medium | 2:25, 5:2, 5:4 |
| Gentleness | πραΰτης (prautēs) | சாந்தகுணம் | Medium | 3:4, 3:15 |
| Humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη (tapeinophrosynē) | மனத்தாழ்மை | High | 5:5 |
| Grumbling | γογγυσμός (gongysmos) | முறுமுறுப்பு | Medium | 4:9 |
| Spiritual Gifts | χάρισμα (charisma) | ஆவிக்குரிய வரங்கள் | Medium | 4:10 |
| Envy | φθόνος (phthonos) | பொறாமை | Medium | 2:1 |
| Fellowship of His Sufferings | κοινωνεῖν παθήμασιν (koinōnein pathēmasin) | பாடுகளின் ஐக்கியம் | High | 4:13 |
| Suffering | πάσχω / πάθημα (paschō / pathēma) | பாடுகள் | High | 1:11, 2:19-21, 2:23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10 |
| Crooked / Unjust | σκολιός (skolios) | கோணலான | Medium | 2:18 |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | ஞானஸ்நானம் | Medium | 3:21 |
| Devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | பிசாசு | High | 5:8 |
| Principalities and Powers (concept) | ἐξουσίαι/δυνάμεις | அதிகாரங்கள்/வல்லமைகள் (concept parallel; 1 Peter’s own term-set differs slightly, see 08.B) | High | 3:22 (conceptual link) |
| Household of God | οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ (oikos tou theou) | கடவுளுடைய வீட்டார் | Medium | 4:17 |
| Idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | விக்கிரக ஆராதனை | High | 4:3 |
| Called / Calling | κλητός / καλέω (klētos / kaleō) | அழைக்கப்பட்ட / அழைப்பு | High | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 |
| Glory | δόξα (doxa) | மகிமை | Critical/High | 1:7-8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 2:12, 2:20, 4:11, 4:13-14, 4:16, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 |
| Love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | அன்பு | Medium | 1:8, 1:22, 2:17, 3:8, 4:8 |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | அப்போஸ்தலன் | Medium | 1:1 |
| Election / Elect | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή | தெரிந்துகொள்ளுதல் / தெரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட்ட | High | 1:1 |
| Prophet / Prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | தீர்க்கதரிசி / தீர்க்கதரிசனம் | Low | 1:10-12 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | சமாதானம் | Medium | 1:2, 5:14 |
| Foreknowledge / Predestination (concept) | πρόγνωσις (prognōsis) | முன்னறிவு (concept parallel to முன்குறித்தல்) | High | 1:2, 1:20 |
| Abraham, Sarah | Ἀβραάμ, Σάρρα | ஆபிரகாம், சாராள் | Low | 3:6 |
| Israel (concept: “kingdom of priests,” Exodus 19:6 background) | — | இஸ்ரவேல் (background reference) | Medium | 2:9 (typological background) |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter
B.1 — The Living Hope of the Resurrection
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born again / New Birth | ἀναγεννάω (anagennaō) | “to beget again” | மறுபிறப்பு | Critical | மறுபிறவி (rebirth/reincarnation — absolutely forbidden) | The established term the Colossians package explicitly reserved for this doctrine. 1:3, 1:23. Theologian review at every occurrence. |
| Living Hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | “hope that is alive” | உயிருள்ள நம்பிக்கை | Critical | வாழ்க்கை நம்பிக்கை (flattens to “life-hope,” loses resurrection-grounding) | Book-defining phrase. 1:3. Must retain causal link to Christ’s resurrection (இரண்டையும் “மூலமாய்” இணைத்து). |
| Imperishable | ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos) | “not subject to decay” | அழிவில்லாத | Medium | — | 1:4; keep root-consistent with 5:4’s ஆஃதார்தோஸ் family. |
| Undefiled | ἀμίαντος (amiantos) | “unstained” | களங்கமில்லாத | Medium | — | 1:4. Avoid தீட்டு-code purity-ritual overtones. |
| Unfading | ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος (amarantos / amarantinos) | “does not wither” | அழியாத | Medium-High | மாறாத (acceptable variant) | 1:4 and 5:4 — must be rendered with the SAME root at both ends to preserve the letter’s structural echo. |
| Foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις (prognōsis) | “knowing beforehand” | முன்னறிவு | High | தலைவிதி, விதி, ஊழ் (all forbidden fatalism terms) | 1:2, 1:20. Cross-reference Ephesians முன்குறித்தல் doctrine; keep personal subject explicit. |
| Perishable / Imperishable Seed | σπορὰ φθαρτή/ἄφθαρτος (spora phthartē/aphthartos) | “sown seed, perishable/imperishable” | அழியும் விதை / அழியாத விதை | High | Do not use சந்ததி (reserved for Abraham’s “seed”/offspring, Galatians) | 1:23. Distinct lexeme from σπέρμα; keep the two “seed” families visually distinct in Tamil. |
| Living Word of God | λόγος Θεοῦ ζῶντος (logos theou zōntos) | “the word of God, living” | கடவுளுடைய ஜீவனுள்ள வசனம் | High | — | 1:23, 1:25. Cross-reference Colossians “word of Christ” (கிறிஸ்துவின் வசனம்); shares ζωή-root with “living hope” and “living stone.” |
| Living Stone | λίθος ζῶν (lithos zōn) | “a stone that is alive” | உயிருள்ள கல் | Critical | Any rendering implying a consecrated/venerated cult-stone | 2:4-5. See B.3 below (Priesthood cluster) for full risk note — direct collision risk with Tamil stone-deity/hero-stone veneration. |
| Genuineness of Faith (tested) | δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως (dokimion tēs pisteōs) | “the tested/proven quality of faith” | விசுவாசத்தின் பரீட்சிக்கப்பட்ட மேன்மை | High | — | 1:7. Cognate with Philippians δοκιμή (பரீட்சிக்கப்பட்ட குணம்); must not read as faith earned/manufactured by trial. |
| Outcome / Goal (of faith) | τέλος (telos) | “end, goal, outcome” | இலக்கு | Medium | முடிவு (acceptable, more neutral) | 1:9. Must not suggest an intermediate way-station in a multi-life journey. |
| Soul | ψυχή (psychē) | “soul, life, self” | ஆத்துமா | High | ஆத்மா-identified renderings (forbidden — Vedantic eternal-Self collision) | 1:9, 1:22; 2:11, 25; 3:20; 4:19. Established Tamil Bible term retained despite etymological proximity to ஆத்மா; every occurrence needs a clarifying teaching note that this names a created, personal life, not the eternal ātman. |
B.2 — Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christlike Endurance
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Various Trials | ποικίλοι πειρασμοί (poikiloi peirasmoi) | “many-colored testings” | பலவிதமான சோதனைகள் | High | Any வினைப்பயன்/ஊழ்வினை-adjacent fatalistic-ordeal phrasing | 1:6. Distinguish from πάθημα/பாடுகள் (suffering itself). |
| Refining Fire (metaphor) | διὰ πυρός δοκιμαζομένου / πύρωσις | ”tested/refined by fire” | நெருப்பினால் சோதிக்கப்படுதல் / அக்கினி பரீட்சை | Medium-High | — | 1:7, 4:12. Cross-reference required between the two passages (same metaphor thread). |
| Suffer for Righteousness’ Sake | πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην (paschein dia dikaiosynēn) | “to suffer on account of righteousness” | நீதிக்காகப் பாடுபடுதல் | Critical | Any phrasing implying suffering itself generates or increases நீதி (merit-accumulation risk) | 3:14, 3:17; cf. 2:19-20, 4:19. Doctrine-naming phrase for this curriculum. |
| Endure / Perseverance | ὑπομένω (hypomenō) | “to remain under, persevere” | சகித்திருத்தல் / நிலைத்திருத்தல் | High | Fatalistic-resignation phrasing | 2:20 and throughout suffering material. Must be active, faith-grounded, Christ-modeled endurance. |
| Example / Pattern (writing-copy image) | ὑπογραμμός (hypogrammos) | “a traced-letter model for a child” | முன்மாதிரி | Medium | — | 2:21. Reuse rendering for τύπος (5:3, same concept-family). |
| Footsteps | ἴχνος (ichnos) | “footprint, track” | அடிச்சுவடு | Low | — | 2:21. |
| Good Conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή (syneidēsis agathē) | “a good/sound conscience” | நல்மனச்சாட்சி | Medium-High | — | 3:16, 3:21. Must render identically at both occurrences. |
| Defense / Account (of hope) | ἀπολογία (apologia) | “reasoned verbal defense” | பதில் சொல்லுதல் / விளக்கம் | Medium | ஒப்புதல் (regret/apology sense — wrong register) | 3:15. |
| Sanctify the Lord in Hearts | ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις | ”set apart the Lord as holy within” | இருதயங்களில் கிறிஸ்துவைக் கர்த்தராகப் பரிசுத்தப்படுத்துங்கள் | Critical | — | 3:15. Isaiah 8:13 applied to Christ — deity-of-Christ implication; theologian review required. |
| Fiery Ordeal | πύρωσις (pyrōsis) | “a burning, fiery trial” | அக்கினி உபத்திரவம் / பரீட்சை | Medium-High | — | 4:12. Cross-reference 1:7. |
B.3 — The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living Stone | λίθος ζῶν (lithos zōn) | “a living stone” | உயிருள்ள கல் | Critical | Any veneration-object framing | 2:4. Building/foundation metaphor for union with Christ — NOT a consecrated cult-stone (guard against hero-stone/lingam/naga-stone associations). |
| Spiritual House | οἶκος πνευματικός (oikos pneumatikos) | “a house made of/for the spirit” | ஆவிக்குரிய வீடு | High | கோவில் (forbidden Hindu-temple term, per inherited rule) | 2:5. Church, not building. |
| Holy Priesthood / Royal Priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | ”a holy body of priests / a royal body of priests” | பரிசுத்த ஆசாரியக்கூட்டம் / அரச ஆசாரியக்கூட்டம் | CRITICAL | பூசாரிக்கூட்டம், அர்ச்சகர் கூட்டம் (forbidden — caste-restricted Hindu temple-priesthood vocabulary); குருக்கள் (forbidden guru vocabulary, inherited) | 2:5, 2:9. Highest-stakes new doctrinal term in this curriculum. Direct, intentional collision with hereditary caste-restricted priesthood in Tamil religious practice; every believer, of every caste background, is already a priest with unmediated access to God. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker caste-sensitivity review for every occurrence and every derivative teaching note. |
| Chosen Race / People | γένος ἐκλεκτόν (genos eklekton) | “an elect kind/race” | தெரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட்ட இனம் | High | குலம் (forbidden — caste-lineage-deity associations, குலதெய்வம்) | 2:9. |
| Holy Nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον (ethnos hagion) | “a holy nation” | பரிசுத்த தேசம் | High | Any ஜாதி-rooted rendering (caste-adjacency risk) | 2:9. |
| A People for God’s Own Possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν (laos eis peripoiēsin) | “a people acquired for himself” | கடவுளுக்குச் சொந்தமான ஜனங்கள் | Medium | — | 2:9. |
| Out of Darkness into Marvelous Light | ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς θαυμαστόν | ”from darkness into wonderful light” | இருளிலிருந்து ஆச்சரியமான ஒளிக்குள் | Medium | — | 2:9. Reuse Ephesians light/darkness identity-shift logic. |
| Excellencies / Virtues (of God) | ἀρετή (aretē) | “excellence, virtue” | இயல்புகள் / மேன்மைகள் | Low | — | 2:9. |
| Cornerstone (Precious/Rejected) | λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος ἔντιμος | ”precious cornerstone” | மேன்மையான மூலைக்கல் (reuse மூலைக்கல்) | Medium | — | 2:6-7. Isaiah 28:16 citation link with Ephesians 2:20 must be preserved. |
| Stumbling Stone | λίθος προσκόμματος (lithos proskommatos) | “stone of stumbling” | இடறுகல் | Medium | — | 2:8. |
B.4 — Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance (household/civic terms)
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sojourner / Exile | παρεπίδημος, πάροικος (parepidēmos, paroikos) | “temporary resident, resident alien” | பரதேசி | High | அயலான் (carries mild suspicion register) | 1:1, 1:17 (παροικία), 2:11. Letter-structuring diaspora-theology term; pastoral resonance with Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora experience — must be rendered with dignity. |
| Every Human Institution | ἀνθρωπίνη κτίσις (anthrōpinē ktisis) | “human creation/institution” | மனித அமைப்பு | Low-Medium | — | 2:13. Distinguish κτίσις sense here from the Colossians cosmic-creation sense. |
| Household Servant | οἰκέτης (oiketēs) | “house-servant” | வேலையாள் | Medium | — | 2:18. |
| Master (of a household) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | “master, lord of a household” | எஜமான் | Medium | Never கர்த்தர் (reserved for Christ) | 2:18. Keep lexically distinct from கர்த்தர் per Colossians household-code convention. |
| ”Lord” (social honorific, non-Christological) | κύριος (social sense, 3:6) | “sir, master” (ordinary address) | எஜமான் | High (disambiguation) | Never கர்த்தர் | 3:6, Sarah addressing Abraham. Must not use the Critical, Christ-exclusive term. |
| Hidden Person of the Heart | ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος | ”the concealed person of the heart” | இருதயத்தின் அந்தரங்க மனுஷன் | High | — | 3:4. Cross-reference Colossians new-self/old-self ஆண்ஷன் family. |
| Weaker Vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (asthenesteron skeuos) | “weaker instrument/container” | பலவீனமான பாத்திரம் | Low-Medium | — | 3:7. Honor-description, not inferiority statement — read with “fellow heir” clause. |
| Ancestral Way of Life | πατροπαράδοτος ἀναστροφή | ”handed down from the fathers” | முன்னோர்களிடமிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட வழக்கமான வாழ்க்கை | High | — | 1:18. Direct collision with குலதெய்வம்/ancestral-rite practice; must critique “futile” custom without disparaging family honor as such. |
B.5 — Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sprinkling of the Blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος (rhantismos haimatos) | “a sprinkling” | இரத்தம் தெளிக்கப்படுதல் | Critical | Any recurring-appeasement-ritual framing | 1:2. Covenant-sealing act (Exodus 24 typology), once. |
| Unblemished, Spotless Lamb | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | ”lamb without blemish or spot” | மாசற்ற, குறையற்ற ஆட்டுக்குட்டி | Critical | — | 1:19. Passover/Isaiah 53 typology; substitutionary sacrifice, not moral-example-only reading. |
| Manifested (in the last times) | φανερωθέντος (phaneroō) | “made visible, disclosed” | வெளிப்படுத்தப்பட்டவர் | High | அவதரித்தார் (forbidden avatar-descent verb) | 1:20. |
| Tree (the Cross) | ξύλον (xylon) | “tree, wood” | மரம் (சிலுவை மரம்) | Critical | — | 2:24. Curse-tree echo (Deut 21:23/Gal 3:13); cross-reference Galatians curse doctrine. |
| He Bore Our Sins (in his body) | ἀναφέρω τὰς ἁμαρτίας (anapherō tas hamartias) | “carried up/offered up our sins” | நம் பாவங்களைத் தம் சரீரத்தில் சுமந்தார் | Critical | Any “shared/experienced” softening | 2:24. Vicarious, substitutionary bearing. |
| Wounds / Stripes | μώλωψ (mōlōps) | “a bruise/welt from scourging” | காயங்கள் | High | — | 2:24. Isaiah 53:5 typology; must not detach into unqualified physical-healing promise. |
| Righteous for the Unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων (dikaios hyper adikōn) | “the just one on behalf of the unjust” | நீதிமான் அநீதிமான்களுக்காக | Critical | Any associative (non-substitutionary) rendering of ὑπέρ | 3:18. |
| Once for All | ἅπαξ (hapax) | “one time only, not repeatable” | ஒரே தரம் | Critical | — | 3:18. Finality-marker matching established Ephesians sacrifice-finality convention. |
| Put to Death in the Flesh, Made Alive in the Spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | ”having died bodily, having been vivified spiritually” | சரீரத்தில் கொல்லப்பட்டும் ஆவியில் உயிர்ப்பிக்கப்பட்டும் | Critical | Any rendering implying loss/discarding of bodily nature | 3:18. Exegetically contested; must not undercut bodily resurrection doctrine (3:21). Mandatory theologian review. |
B.6 — Holiness in Conduct
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desire / Lust | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | “craving, desire” | இச்சைகள் / ஆசைகள் | Medium | Do not conflate with பற்றின்மை-style desire-extinction remedy | 1:14; 2:11; 4:2-3. |
| Sober-minded / Self-controlled | νήφω, σωφρονέω (nēphō, sōphroneō) | “not drunk; of sound mind” | தெளிந்த மனதுடன் இருத்தல் | Low-Medium | — | 1:13; 4:7; 5:8. |
| Purified (souls) | ἁγνίζω (hagnizō) | “made pure” | சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட | Medium | Ritual-purity (தீட்டு-removal) framing | 1:22. |
| Conduct / Manner of Life | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | “behavior, way of life” | நடத்தை | Medium | — | 1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1-2, 16. Letter’s dominant ethical-life term. |
| Vice List (malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy, slander) | κακία, δόλος, ὑπόκρισις, φθόνος, καταλαλιά | — | தீமை, வஞ்சனை, வேஷதாரித்தனம், பொறாமை, அவதூறு | Low-Medium | — | 2:1. |
| Pure Spiritual Milk | λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα | ”milk of the word, without deceit” | ஆவிக்குரிய மாசற்ற பாலுணவு | Medium | — | 2:2. Possible pun on λόγος. |
| Covers a Multitude of Sins | ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | — | அன்பு அநேக பாவங்களை மூடும் | Medium | — | 4:8. |
| Vice List (sensuality, drunkenness, orgies, idolatry) | ἀσέλγεια, οἰνοφλυγία, κῶμος, πότος, εἰδωλολατρία | — | ஒழுக்கக்கேடு, குடிவெறி, களியாட்டம், குடிபார்ட்டி, விக்கிரக ஆராதனை | Medium-High (idolatry: High, inherited) | — | 4:3. |
| A Faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης (pistos ktistēs) | “a trustworthy Maker” | உண்மையான சிருஷ்டிகர் | Medium-High | — | 4:19. Cross-reference Colossians creation doctrine. |
B.7 — Elders and Humility
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | “an elder” | மூப்பர் | High | குரு, பூசாரி, அர்ச்சகர், ஆயர் (forbidden), பெரியவர் (under-translates the office) | 5:1, 5. |
| Fellow Elder | συμπρεσβύτερος (sympresbyteros) | “co-elder” | உடன் மூப்பர் | Medium | — | 5:1. Peter’s self-designation — humility signal. |
| For Shameful Gain | αἰσχροκερδῶς (aischrokerdōs) | “for sordid profit” | இழிவான பொருளாசையினால் | Medium-High | — | 5:2. |
| Domineering / Lording Over | κατακυριεύω (katakyrieuō) | “to lord it over” (κύριος-root) | கர்த்தரைப்போல் ஆளுகை செய்யாமல் / மேலாதிக்கம் செலுத்தாமல் | High | — | 5:3. κύριος-root wordplay: elders must never act as “little lords,” since கர்த்தர் is exclusively Christ’s title. |
| Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην (archipoimēn) | “head shepherd” | தலைமை மேய்ப்பர் | High | — | 5:4. Christological; cross-reference 2:25. |
| Unfading Crown of Glory | ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης | ”an unwithering victor’s-wreath of glory” | அழியாத மகிமையின் கிரீடம் | High | — | 5:4. Must echo 1:4’s அழியாத; distinguish from temple-deity festival-crown imagery. |
| Clothe Yourselves (with humility) | ἐγκομβόομαι (enkomboomai) | “tie on [an apron/garment]“ | அணிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் (பணிவை) | Medium | — | 5:5. Cross-reference Colossians clothing-metaphor family. |
| Humble Yourselves Under God’s Mighty Hand | ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ | — | கடவுளுடைய வலிமையான கையின் கீழ் தாழ்த்துங்கள் | Medium-High | — | 5:6. Cross-reference Philippians kenosis humble-then-exalt pattern. |
| Casting Your Anxiety on Him | ἐπιρίπτω τὴν μέριμναν | ”throw the care upon” | உங்கள் கவலையை அவர்மேல் போட்டுவிடுங்கள் | Medium-High | — | 5:7. Same root as Philippians 4:6 “do not be anxious” (μεριμνάω) — direct cross-reference. |
| Adversary | ἀντίδικος (antidikos) | “legal opponent” | எதிராளி | Low-Medium | — | 5:8. |
B.8 — Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18–22)
| Term | Greek (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes / Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Went and Proclaimed | πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν (poreutheis ekēryxen) | “having gone, he heralded” | சென்று அறிவித்தார் | Critical | Direct equation with ordinary gospel-evangelism vocabulary (சுவிசேஷம் பிரசங்கித்தல்) without qualifying note | 3:19. |
| Spirits in Prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (pneumata en phylakē) | “spirits in a place of custody” | சிறையிலுள்ள ஆவிகள் | CRITICAL — highest risk term in curriculum | Any rendering overlapping மந்திரவாதம்/பேய் கட்டுதல் (spirit-binding/exorcism) folk-ritual registers | 3:19. Referent: the disobedient beings/generation “in the days of Noah,” not a generic spirit-world category. Must be taught as a declaration from Christ’s already-accomplished victory, never a ritual contest. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review. |
| God’s Patience | μακροθυμία Θεοῦ (makrothymia theou) | “long-suffering of God” | கடவுளுடைய நீடிய பொறுமை | Low-Medium | — | 3:20. |
| Brought Safely Through Water | διασῴζω δι’ ὕδατος | ”saved through water” | தண்ணீரின் மூலமாய்க் காப்பாற்றப்பட்டார்கள் | Medium | — | 3:20. Typological link to baptism, next term. |
| Baptism as Antitype | βάπτισμα … ἀντίτυπον | ”baptism, the corresponding fulfillment” | ஞானஸ்நானம் … இதற்கு நிகரானது | Critical | Sacred-bathing/tirtha ritual-purification framing (explicitly denied by the verse itself) | 3:21. Explicitly NOT “removal of dirt from the body” — an appeal to God for a good conscience, grounded in the resurrection. |
| Gospel Preached to the Dead | εὐαγγελίζω τοῖς νεκροῖς | ”good news proclaimed to the dead” | மரித்தோருக்குச் சுவிசேஷம் அறிவிக்கப்பட்டது | Critical | Any framing implying general post-mortem salvation opportunity | 4:6. Exegetically linked to 3:19; caution against resonance with Tamil ancestor-rite (pitru) intercession-for-the-dead hopes. |
| Angels, Authorities, and Powers Subjected | ἄγγελοι καὶ ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις ὑποτάσσω | ”angels and authorities and powers, having been subjected” | தேவதூதர்களும் அதிகாரங்களும் வல்லமைகளும் கீழ்ப்படுத்தப்பட்டு | High | — | 3:22. Distinct three-term set from the Colossians four-term list; do not conflate. |
C. Proper Names and Citation Conventions
| English | Greek/Source | Tamil (established form) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Peter (book name) | Πέτρου Α΄ | 1 பேதுரு (e.g., 1 பேதுரு 1:3) |
| Peter | Πέτρος | பேதுரு |
| Silvanus | Σιλουανός | சில்வானு |
| Mark | Μᾶρκος | மாற்கு |
| Noah | Νῶε | நோவா |
| Babylon (coded reference to Rome) | Βαβυλών | பாபிலோன் |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | ஆபிரகாம் (reuse baseline TM exactly) |
| Sarah | Σάρρα | சாராள் (reuse baseline TM exactly) |
| Isaiah (background citations: 8:13-14; 28:16; 40:6-8; 53:5-6) | Ἠσαΐας | ஏசாயா (reuse baseline TM exactly) |
| Proverbs (background citations: 3:34; 11:31) | Παροιμίαι | நீதிமொழிகள் |
| Psalms (background citation: 34:8-16) | Ψαλμοί | சங்கீதம் |
| Genesis (background: Exodus 19:6 typology, Noah’s flood) | Γένεσις | ஆதியாகமம் |
| Exodus (background: 19:5-6, 24:3-8) | Ἔξοδος | யாத்திராகமம் |
Citation format follows the established package convention: 1 பேதுரு 3:18–22 (book name + Arabic numerals, not Tamil numerals), matching ரோமர், கலாத்தியர், எபேசியர், பிலிப்பியர், கொலோசெயர்.
D. Risk-Tier Summary and Review Routing
| Risk Tier | Count (new + reused terms cited) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 19 | Human theologian — mandatory for every occurrence |
| High | 34 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 31 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 14 | Automated review |
Terms requiring BOTH theologian and dedicated native-speaker caste-sensitivity review (highest scrutiny in this curriculum):
- ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (royal/holy priesthood) — 2:5, 2:9
- πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (spirits in prison) — 3:19
- λίθος ζῶν (living stone) — 2:4-5
- γένος ἐκλεκτόν (chosen race) — 2:9, specifically to confirm குலம் is avoided
- πατροπαράδοτος ἀναστροφή (ancestral way of life) — 1:18
Terms requiring escalation whenever they co-occur with baseline Critical terms (per the standing compound-tension rule):
- Any segment combining தேவனுடைய-form inherited compounds (e.g., தேவனுடைய வல்லமை, 1:5) with கடவுள்/கடவுளுடைய-form terms elsewhere in the same passage.
- Any segment rendering ψυχή as ஆத்துமா adjacent to explicit Holy-Spirit (பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்) or “Spirit of glory” (மகிமையின் ஆவியானவர்) language, to confirm no reader could conflate the creaturely soul with the divine Spirit.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God the Father
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for every occurrence of θεός in 1 Peter, including the salutation (1:2-3) and the God of all grace (5:10).
Father
Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2-3, 1:17. 1:17’s judging Father must not be read as capricious or ritually appeasable; he is the same Father who caused the new birth.
Lord
Approved rendering: கர்த்தர்
Transliteration: karthar
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: எஜமான் (forbidden for the Christological sense)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL DISAMBIGUATION UNIQUE TO 1 PETER: κύριος is used at 3:6 for Sarah’s ordinary household address to Abraham (‘lord/sir’); that occurrence must render எஜமான், never கர்த்தர், which is reserved exclusively for Christ throughout the rest of the letter (1:3, 25; 2:3, 13; 3:15; 5:14). Also underlies the κατακυριεύω wordplay at 5:3 (see domineering_lording_over).
Jesus
Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package.
Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: kiristhu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The suffering-then-glory pattern of Christ (1:11; 4:13; 5:1) structures the whole letter.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: parisutha aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:2 (sanctification of the Spirit), 1:12, 4:14 (‘Spirit of glory’). At 3:4 a lexically unrelated Greek word (πνεῦμα, personal disposition, ‘a gentle and quiet spirit’) must NOT be capitalized or formally marked as this Person; render மனது/உள்ளத்தின் தன்மை instead.
Grace
Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Salutation (1:2), prophetic search (1:10), Peter’s closing claim (5:12, ‘the true grace of God’). See commendable_thing for the disambiguation flag at 2:19-20 where the same lexeme is used non-technically.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1:3, 3:21. Bodily, historical, once-for-all; the ground of both the living hope and baptism’s saving significance.
Salvation
Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பு
Transliteration: iratchippu
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:5, 9-10; 2:2. Already prepared, awaiting unveiling at the last time.
Heaven
Approved rendering: பரலோகம்
Transliteration: paralogam
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: சொர்க்கம், வைகுண்டம், கைலாசம், மோட்சலோகம்
Original: οὐρανοί
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Philippians package. 1:4, 12; 3:22.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: நீதி
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம், புண்ணியம்
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2:24; 3:14, 18; 4:18. In suffer-for-righteousness contexts நீதி must be the CAUSE of suffering, never its earned PRODUCT (guard against a புண்ணியம்-accumulation misreading).
Flesh
Approved rendering: மாம்சம்
Transliteration: maamsam
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: உடல், சரீரம்
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
Inherited from Galatians package. 3:18, 21; 4:1, 2, 6. Both Christ’s mortal nature (‘put to death in the flesh’) and the fallen-nature complex (‘fleshly desires,’ 2:11); never reduced to mere bodily appetite.
Freedom
Approved rendering: விடுதலை
Transliteration: viduthalai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: முக்தி, மோட்சம், வீடுபேறு, சுயாதீனம்
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians package. 2:16: ‘as free… not using freedom as a cover for evil, but as servants of God.’ The from/into structure must travel together: free from ultimate definition by human institutions, never free from service to God.
Baptism
Approved rendering: ஞானஸ்நானம்
Transliteration: gnanasnanam
Doctrine: Baptism as an Appeal to God for a Good Conscience
Rejected alternatives: தீர்த்தம், புனித நீராடல்
Original: βάπτισμα … ἀντίτυπον
Category: Church
Inherited from Ephesians package; risk elevated to Critical in this curriculum because 3:21 is doctrinally protective — it explicitly denies the sacred-bathing/tirtha misreading, and that denial must be rendered with full clarity.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: உயிருள்ள நம்பிக்கை
Transliteration: uyirulla nambikkai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: வாழ்க்கை நம்பிக்கை
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
New term, this curriculum’s core-passage banner phrase (1:3). Must never flatten to emotional vividness or drift toward a cyclical-vitality (rebirth-adjacent) register; always keep the causal link to Christ’s bodily உயிர்த்தெழுதல் explicit in the same sentence.
New Birth
Approved rendering: மறுபிறப்பு
Transliteration: marupirappu
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
New term (ἀναγεννάω), 1:3, 1:23. The exact term the Colossians package reserved for this doctrine. CRITICAL: one vowel-length from மறுபிறவி (rebirth/reincarnation) — the single highest-density false-friend risk in this curriculum. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவின் இரத்தம் தெளிக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: Yesu Kiristhuvin iratham thelikkappaduthal
Doctrine: Redemption by the Precious Blood of Christ
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New term (ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος), 1:2. Covenant-ratification act (Exodus 24 typology), once. CRITICAL: never framed with recurring-appeasement ritual overtones from Tamil Amman-shrine blood-offering practice.
Unblemished Lamb
Approved rendering: மாசற்ற, குறையற்ற ஆட்டுக்குட்டியாகிய கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: maasatra, kuraiyatra aattukkuttiyaagiya Kiristhu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
New term (ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος), 1:19. Passover/Isaiah 53 typology. Must retain substitutionary sacrifice; never a merely admirable moral-example reading, never assimilated to recurring village-shrine animal sacrifice.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: உயிருள்ள கல்
Transliteration: uyirulla kal
Doctrine: Christ the Living Stone and Cornerstone
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
New, book-central term (λίθος ζῶν), 2:4-5. CRITICAL: risks being heard through the live Tamil tradition of venerating standing stones (வீரக்கல் hero-stones, naga-stones, lingam veneration). Must be explicit architectural/covenantal metaphor (Isaiah 28:16; Psalm 118:22), never a cult-object.
Holy Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆசாரியக்கூட்டம் / அரச ஆசாரியக்கூட்டம்
Transliteration: parisutha aasaariyakkoottam / arasa aasaariyakkoottam
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: பூசாரிக்கூட்டம், அர்ச்சகர் கூட்டம், குருக்கள்
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
New term (ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα), 2:5, 9. THE SINGLE HIGHEST-STAKES NEW DOCTRINAL TERM IN THIS CURRICULUM. Built on ஆசாரியன் (established OT priestly-office term, e.g. Aaron), NEVER பூசாரி/அர்ச்சகர் (hereditary, caste-restricted Tamil temple priesthood) or குருக்கள். Every believer, of every caste background, is already a priest with unmediated access to God — universal, non-hierarchical, never a specialist class within the church. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker caste-sensitivity review.
Tree Cross
Approved rendering: மரம்
Transliteration: maram
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: சிலுவை (would lose the curse-tree echo)
Original: ξύλον
Category: Christology
New term (ξύλον), 2:24. Distinct lexeme from σταυρός/சிலுவை, chosen to evoke Deuteronomy 21:23’s curse-on-a-tree background. Must be cross-referenced with the Galatians curse doctrine (சாபம்).
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: நம் பாவங்களைத் தம் சரீரத்தில் சுமந்தார்
Transliteration: nam paavangalai tham sareerathil sumanthaar
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω τὰς ἁμαρτίας
Category: Christology
New term (ἀναφέρω τὰς ἁμαρτίας), 2:24. Vicarious, substitutionary bearing; must never soften to ‘shared/experienced’ our sins.
Suffer For Righteousness Sake
Approved rendering: நீதிக்காகப் பாடுபடுதல்
Transliteration: neethikkaaga paadupaduthal
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Discipleship
New term (πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην), 3:14, 17 (cf. 2:19-20; 4:19). Doctrine-naming phrase. நீதி is the CAUSE of suffering, never suffering’s PRODUCT; guard against a புண்ணியம்-accumulation misreading.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: இருதயங்களில் கிறிஸ்துவைக் கர்த்தராகப் பரிசுத்தப்படுத்துங்கள்
Transliteration: iruthayangalil Kiristhuvai Kartharaaga parisuthappaduthungal
Doctrine: Sanctifying Christ as Lord and Giving a Reasoned Defense
Original: ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις
Category: Christology
New compound (ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις), 3:15, echoing Isaiah 8:13 (LXX ‘sanctify the LORD himself’). An OT divine prerogative applied to Jesus without qualification; same theological family as Romans 10:9/Philippians 2:9-11.
Once For All
Approved rendering: ஒரே தரம்
Transliteration: ore tharam
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
New term (ἅπαξ), 3:18, matching the established Ephesians sacrifice-finality convention. Prevents any reading of Christ’s suffering as one instance in a repeatable sacrificial economy.
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: நீதிமான் அநீதிமான்களுக்காக
Transliteration: neethimaan aneethimaankalukkaaga
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
New term (δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων), 3:18. The ὑπέρ (‘for/instead of’) must carry unmistakably substitutionary force (-க்காக), never a merely associative rendering.
Put To Death Flesh Made Alive Spirit
Approved rendering: சரீரத்தில் கொல்லப்பட்டும், ஆவியில் உயிர்ப்பிக்கப்பட்டும்
Transliteration: sareerathil kollappattum, aaviyil uyirppikkappattum
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
New term (θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι), 3:18. Exegetically contested; must never suggest Christ’s human nature/flesh was discarded at death — this would undercut bodily resurrection confirmed at 3:21. Mandatory theologian review.
Went And Proclaimed
Approved rendering: சென்று அறிவித்தார்
Transliteration: senru arivithaar
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: சுவிசேஷம் பிரசங்கித்தார் (forbidden here)
Original: πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Christology
New term (πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν), 3:19. Use a neutral proclamation verb, not the evangelism-specific சுவிசேஷம்-preaching register, since the content is not identified as ordinary gospel good news.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: சிறையிலுள்ள ஆவிகள்
Transliteration: siraiyilulla aavigal
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Eschatology
New term (πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ), 3:19. THE SINGLE HIGHEST-RISK PHRASE IN THIS CURRICULUM. Must never overlap the மந்திரவாதம்/பேய் கட்டுதல் (spirit-binding/exorcism) folk-ritual register. Referent: the disobedient generation in Noah’s days, not a generic spirit-world category; frame as declaration from Christ’s already-accomplished victory (cf. 3:22), never a ritual contest. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review every occurrence.
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: மரித்தோருக்குச் சுவிசேஷம் அறிவிக்கப்பட்டது
Transliteration: marithorukku suvisesham arivikkappattathu
Doctrine: The Gospel Preached to the Dead
Original: εὐαγγελίζω τοῖς νεκροῖς
Category: Salvation
New term (εὐαγγελίζω τοῖς νεκροῖς), 4:6. Exegetically linked to 3:19; must not license a general post-mortem salvation doctrine, given resonance with Tamil pitru/ancestor-intercession practice. Mandatory theologian review.
God Of All Grace
Approved rendering: எல்லாக் கிருபையின் கடவுள்
Transliteration: ellaa kirupaiyin kadavul
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Eternal Glory
Original: Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος
Category: God
New compound, 5:10, combining கடவுள் and கிருபை (both Critical inherited terms).
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தம்
Transliteration: parisutham
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: சுத்தம்
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Foundational quotation at 1:16 (‘be holy, for I am holy,’ Leviticus 19:2) must reuse this exact term; grounded in God’s character and the electing call, never ritual/physical cleanliness.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தமாக்குதல்
Transliteration: parisuthamaakkuthal
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἁγιασμὸς Πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Rendered as ஆவியானவரின் பரிசுத்தமாக்குதல் in the 1:2 triadic (Father-Spirit-Son) formula.
Faith
Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1:5, 7, 9, 21; 5:9. Instrumental means of being guarded by God’s power (1:5), not a fortress the believer builds.
Hope
Approved rendering: நம்பிக்கை
Transliteration: nambikkai
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ஆசை
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Ephesians package. Underlies the letter’s banner phrase ‘living hope’ (1:3) and the object of the required reasoned defense (3:15). Must retain promise-grounded certainty, not wishful optimism.
Revelation
Approved rendering: வெளிப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: veliyppaduthuthal
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀποκάλυψις / ἀποκαλύπτω
Category: Church
Inherited from Galatians package. 1:5, 7, 12; 4:13. Authoritative divine disclosure; never a generic vision/dream register (கனவு நிர்வாகம்).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய வல்லமை
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Vallamai
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: சக்தி
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (compound-tension note: retains the Romans-era தேவனுடைய form). 1:5. Never சக்தி. Distinct from the plural δυνάμεις (‘powers’) at 3:22, which refers to subjugated cosmic powers, not this enabling might.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: சுதந்தரம்
Transliteration: suthantharam
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians/Ephesians package. 1:4. Must never be confused with the near-homograph சுதந்திரம் (political independence/freedom); recurs at 3:7 (fellow heir, சுதந்தரவாளி).
Sin
Approved rendering: பாவம்
Transliteration: paavam
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: தீவினை
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 2:22, 24; 3:18; 4:1, 8.
Redemption
Approved rendering: மீட்பு
Transliteration: meetpu
Doctrine: Redemption by the Precious Blood of Christ
Inherited from Galatians/Colossians package. Underlies the ransom vocabulary of 1:18-19 (verb form மீட்கப்பட்டீர்கள், see redemption_ransomed); complements, and stays distinct from, இரட்சிப்பு (salvation).
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் இரத்தம்
Transliteration: Kiristhuvin iratham
Doctrine: Redemption by the Precious Blood of Christ
Original: αἷμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Ephesians package. 1:2, 19. Contrasted explicitly with perishable silver/gold (1:18) — a direct rebuke of transactional நேர்த்திக்கடன் (vow-offering) religion.
Submission
Approved rendering: கீழ்ப்படிதல்
Transliteration: keezhppadithal
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Church
Inherited from Ephesians/Colossians package. Governs 2:13, 18; 3:1, 5; 5:5. Every occurrence must be checked against its reciprocal/limiting clause so it never reads as unqualified servility reinforcing caste, gender, or bonded-labor hierarchy.
Humility
Approved rendering: மனத்தாழ்மை
Transliteration: manathaazhmai
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: பணிவு, அடக்கம் (as the doctrinal term)
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Philippians package. 5:5, quoting Proverbs 3:34. Voluntary other-regard flowing from security in Christ, never caste-coded self-abasement or servility owed by the socially low.
Fellowship Of His Sufferings
Approved rendering: பாடுகளின் ஐக்கியம்
Transliteration: paadugalin aikkiyam
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Philippians package (3:10). 4:13 direct reuse as a verb (கிறிஸ்துவின் பாடுகளில் ஐக்கியப்படுதல்); shared participation with a person, not ascetic self-mortification for merit.
Suffering
Approved rendering: பாடுகள்
Transliteration: paadugal
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: வினைப்பயன், தலையெழுத்து
Inherited from Philippians package. 1:11; 2:19-21, 23; 3:14, 17-18; 4:1, 13, 15-16, 19; 5:1, 9-10. Never karmic-fruit or fate-idiom framing.
Devil
Approved rendering: பிசாசு
Transliteration: pisaasu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against the Devil
Rejected alternatives: பேய்
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Inherited from Ephesians package. 5:8. ONE defeated personal adversary, never assimilated into the folk taxonomy of afflicting spirits (பேய், முனி, மோகினி).
Idolatry
Approved rendering: விக்கிரக ஆராதனை
Transliteration: vikkiraga aaraadhanai
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Colossians package. 4:3 (vice list of former Gentile conduct). High given active idol-worship practice in Tamil Nadu.
Called
Approved rendering: அழைக்கப்பட்ட
Transliteration: azhaikkappatta
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Inherited from Romans package. 1:15; 2:9, 21; 3:9; 5:10.
Calling
Approved rendering: அழைப்பு
Transliteration: azhaippu
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 5:10’s ‘called you to his eternal glory’ (தமது நித்திய மகிமைக்கு அழைத்த) and the Philippians பரம அழைப்பு word-family.
Glory
Approved rendering: மகிமை
Transliteration: magimai
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Elders and Humility
Inherited from Romans package. 1:7-8, 11, 21, 24; 2:12, 20; 4:11, 13-14, 16; 5:1, 4, 10. Structures the letter’s suffering-then-glory pattern throughout.
Election
Approved rendering: தெரிந்துகொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: therinthu-kolluthal
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: தலைவிதி, ஊழ்வினை
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the adjective ἐκλεκτός at 1:1 (see elect); God’s sovereign, personal choice, never fatalistic/karmic selection.
Gentiles Among Nations
Approved rendering: புறஜாதியார்
Transliteration: purajathiyar
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:12 (‘keep your conduct honorable among the Gentiles’). Distinct usage from ἔθνος ἅγιον at 2:9 (see holy_nation, rendered தேசம்); this term names outsiders, not the church. Watch the ஜாதி-adjacency caution inherited from Romans.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: முன்னறிவு
Transliteration: munnarivu
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: தலைவிதி, விதி, ஊழ், ஊழ்வினை
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
New term (πρόγνωσις), 1:2, 1:20. Cognate with the Ephesians முன்குறித்தல் doctrine. Subject must stay personal (பிதா/கடவுள்), motive love; never Tamil fatalism vocabulary.
Redemption Ransomed
Approved rendering: மீட்கப்பட்டீர்கள்
Transliteration: meetkappatteergal
Doctrine: Redemption by the Precious Blood of Christ
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New verb form (λυτρόω), 1:18-19. Ransomed not with perishable silver/gold but with Christ’s precious blood — a direct rebuke of transactional நேர்த்திக்கடன் religion.
Manifested
Approved rendering: வெளிப்படுத்தப்பட்டவர்
Transliteration: veliyppaduthappattavar
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: அவதரித்தார்
Original: φανερωθέντος
Category: Christology
New term (φανερωθέντος), 1:20. NEVER அவதரித்தார் (avatar-descent verb, forbidden pipeline-wide). The eternal, foreknown Son’s historical, once-for-all appearing.
Ancestral Way Of Life
Approved rendering: முன்னோர்களிடமிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட வழக்கமான வாழ்க்கை
Transliteration: munnorkalidamirunthu perappatta vazhakkamaana vaazhkkai
Doctrine: Redemption from Futile Ancestral Custom
Original: πατροπαράδοτος ἀναστροφή
Category: Sin
New term (πατροπαράδοτος ἀναστροφή), 1:18. Direct collision with குலதெய்வம்/pitru ancestral-rite practice. Must critique a specific ‘futile’ religious custom, never disparage family heritage or honoring parents (which 2:17 upholds).
Perishable Imperishable Seed
Approved rendering: அழியும் விதை / அழியாத விதை
Transliteration: azhiyum vithai / azhiyaatha vithai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: சந்ததி (reserved for Abraham’s lineage-seed)
Original: σπορὰ φθαρτή / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Covenant
New term (σπορὰ φθαρτή/ἄφθαρτος), 1:23. Agricultural birth-image; must stay lexically distinct from சந்ததி (Galatians’ Abrahamic lineage-seed) so genealogy is not confused with the word’s begetting agency.
Living Word Of God
Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய ஜீவனுள்ள வசனம்
Transliteration: Kadavuludaiya jeevanulla vasanam
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: λόγος Θεοῦ ζῶντος καὶ μένοντος
Category: Covenant
New term (λόγος Θεοῦ ζῶντος καὶ μένοντος), 1:23-25, quoting Isaiah 40:6-8. Keep the ζωή-root (உயிர்/ஜீவன்) visible to connect the living-word/living-hope/living-stone thread across the letter.
Soul
Approved rendering: ஆத்துமா
Transliteration: aathumaa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
New term (ψυχή), 1:9, 22; 2:11, 25; 3:20; 4:19. Retained despite phonetic/etymological proximity to ஆத்மா (Vedantic eternal Self) — no viable alternative exists. Every occurrence requires a standing clarifying note: this names a CREATED, personal, individual life, never the eternal, divine ஆத்மா.
Genuineness Of Faith
Approved rendering: விசுவாசத்தின் பரீட்சிக்கப்பட்ட மேன்மை
Transliteration: vishvasathin pareetchikkappatta menmai
Doctrine: The Refining of Faith through Trial
Original: δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
New term (δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως), 1:7. Cognate with the Philippians δοκιμή (பரீட்சிக்கப்பட்ட குணம்). Trial reveals genuineness already present by grace; never faith earned/manufactured by trial.
Various Trials
Approved rendering: பலவிதமான சோதனைகள்
Transliteration: palavithamaana sothanaigal
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: வினைப்பயன், ஊழ்வினை
Original: ποικίλοι πειρασμοί
Category: Discipleship
New term (ποικίλοι πειρασμοί), 1:6. Testing permitted by a personal God, never a fatalistic ordeal; distinct from பாடுகள் (suffering itself).
Sojourner Exile
Approved rendering: பரதேசி
Transliteration: parathesi
Doctrine: Sojourner and Exile Identity of the Church
Rejected alternatives: அயலான்
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Church
New, book-structuring term (παρεπίδημος/πάροικος), 1:1, 17; 2:11. Must be rendered with dignity, never the mild-suspicion register of அயலான்; resonates constructively with the historical Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora experience.
Elect
Approved rendering: தெரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட்ட
Transliteration: therinthukollappatta
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Church
New adjective form (ἐκλεκτός), 1:1. God’s sovereign, personal choice, never fatalistic/karmic selection.
Obedience
Approved rendering: கீழ்ப்படிதல்
Transliteration: keezhppadithal
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Covenant
New term (ὑπακοή), 1:2, 14. Cognate with the Romans விசுவாசக்கீழ்ப்படிதல். Covenant-ratification obedience (paired with sprinkled blood, Sinai pattern), not generic dutiful compliance or Saiva mārga-duty.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: ஆவிக்குரிய வீடு
Transliteration: aavikkuriya veedu
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
New term (οἶκος πνευματικός), 2:5. Lexically distinct from ஆலயம் (temple) but doctrinally parallel; never கோவில். Church, not building.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: தெரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட்ட இனம்
Transliteration: therinthukollappatta inam
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: குலம்
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
New term (γένος ἐκλεκτόν), 2:9. MUST NOT render குலம் (clan/lineage, bound to குலதெய்வம் lineage/caste-deity worship). இனம் is the safe, ethnicity-general choice.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த தேசம்
Transliteration: parisutha thesam
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ஜாதி-rooted compounds
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term (ἔθνος ἅγιον), 2:9. Deliberately rendered with தேசம் (political-geographic register), never any ஜாதி-rooted term, to avoid the caste-adjacency risk already flagged for புறஜாதியார்.
Endurance
Approved rendering: சகித்திருத்தல்
Transliteration: sagithiruthal
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Discipleship
New term (ὑπομένω), 2:20ff. Active, faith-grounded perseverance modeled on Christ, never passive resignation or fatalistic acceptance.
Wounds Stripes
Approved rendering: காயங்கள்
Transliteration: kaayangal
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: μώλωψ
Category: Christology
New term (μώλωψ), 2:24, quoting Isaiah 53:5. Must retain the messianic-servant echo; not detached into an unqualified physical/faith-healing promise.
Shepherd Overseer Of Souls
Approved rendering: உங்கள் ஆத்துமாக்களின் மேய்ப்பரும் கண்காணியுமானவர்
Transliteration: ungal aathumaakkalin meypparum kankaaniyumaanavar
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Christology
New Christological application (ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν), 2:25. Same titles later applied to human elders (5:1-4); must stay lexically identical to that passage.
Hidden Person Of Heart
Approved rendering: இருதயத்தின் அந்தரங்க மனுஷன்
Transliteration: iruthayathin antharanga manushan
Doctrine: Household Relationships
Original: ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
New term (ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος), 3:4. Lexically continuous with the Colossians new-self/old-self ஆண்ஷன் family. Must not imply dualistic body-negation.
Fellow Heir
Approved rendering: உடன் சுதந்தரவாளி
Transliteration: udan suthantharavaali
Doctrine: Household Relationships
Original: συγκληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New term (συγκληρονόμος), 3:7. Cognate with the Galatians heir term (சுதந்தரவாளி).
Angels Authorities Powers Subjected
Approved rendering: தேவதூதர்களும் அதிகாரங்களும் வல்லமைகளும்
Transliteration: devathoothargalum athikaarangalum vallamaikalum
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἄγγελοι καὶ ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Christology
New term-set (ἄγγελοι καὶ ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις), 3:22. Distinct three-term set from the Colossians four-term list (துரைத்தனங்களும் அதிகாரங்களும்); do not conflate the two lists.
Spirit Of Glory
Approved rendering: மகிமையின் ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: magimaiyin aaviyaanavar
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πνεῦμα τῆς δόξης
Category: God
New compound (πνεῦμα τῆς δόξης), 4:14. Combines Critical பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர் with High மகிமை; keep the personal, Trinitarian identity of the Spirit explicit, not an impersonal ‘glory-force.‘
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: உண்மையான சிருஷ்டிகர்
Transliteration: unmaiyaana srushtikar
Doctrine: Judgment Beginning at the Household of God
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
New term (πιστὸς κτίστης), 4:19. Cross-reference the Colossians ‘Christ as Creator and Sustainer’ doctrine — personal, purposive Maker, never an impersonal cosmic order.
Elder
Approved rendering: மூப்பர்
Transliteration: mooppar
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: குரு, பூசாரி, அர்ச்சகர், ஆயர், பெரியவர்
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New, doctrine-naming term (πρεσβύτερος), 5:1, 5. Established Tamil Bible office term. Never குரு/பூசாரி/அர்ச்சகர்/ஆயர் (church-office rule); never the generic honorific பெரியவர், which lacks the office-specific, congregationally-accountable sense.
Domineering Lording Over
Approved rendering: கர்த்தரைப்போல் ஆளுகை செய்யாமல்
Transliteration: kartharaippol aalugai seyyaamal
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Church
New term (κατακυριεύω), 5:3. Built on the κύριος root reserved exclusively for கர்த்தர். The prohibition is doctrinally pointed: elders must never functionally act as ‘little lords’ — a direct guard against guru/pūsāri-style spiritual authority. Preserve the root-echo, never flatten to generic ‘harsh.‘
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: தலைமை மேய்ப்பர்
Transliteration: thalaimai meyppar
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
New compound (ἀρχιποίμην), 5:4, applied to Christ. Cross-reference with 2:25’s shepherd title.
Unfading Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: அழியாத மகிமையின் கிரீடம்
Transliteration: azhiyaatha magimaiyin kireedam
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
New term (ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης), 5:4, structurally echoing 1:4’s ἀμάραντος. கிரீடம் is also the ordinary word for temple-deity festival-crown regalia — teaching material must clarify this is an eschatological victor’s-reward crown from Christ, never temple regalia.
Eternal Glory
Approved rendering: தமது நித்திய மகிமைக்கு அழைத்த
Transliteration: thamathu nithiya magimaikku azhaitha
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Eternal Glory
Original: καλέσας εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν
Category: Eschatology
New compound, 5:10, reusing அழைக்கப்பட்ட/அழைப்பு (High) + மகிமை (Critical/High).
Sufferings Of Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவுக்கு நேரிடும் பாடுகள்
Transliteration: Kiristhukku neridum paadugal
Doctrine: Sufferings and Glories of Christ Foretold by the Prophets
Original: τὰ εἰς Χριστὸν παθήματα
Category: Christology
New term (τὰ εἰς Χριστὸν παθήματα), 1:11, paired with ‘the glories that would follow.’ Must be read typologically as fulfilled Messianic suffering, not generic misfortune.
Medium Risk Terms
Commendable Thing
Approved rendering: பாராட்டப்படத்தக்கது
Transliteration: paaraattappadaththakkathu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: கிருபை (technical sense)
Original: χάρις (non-technical sense, 2:19-20)
Category: Discipleship
New term. 1 Peter 2:19-20: χάρις here functions as ‘this is praiseworthy,’ not the technical grace-doctrine sense. Reserve கிருபை strictly for saving grace elsewhere so readers do not conflate enduring unjust suffering with the doctrine of grace.
Mercy
Approved rendering: இரக்கம்
Transliteration: irakkam
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:3 (ground of new birth), 2:10 (Gentile-inclusion identity, quoting Hosea). Keep distinct from கிருபை (grace).
Guarded By Faith
Approved rendering: காத்துக்கொள்ளப்படுகிறவர்கள்
Transliteration: kaathukkollappadugiravargal
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
New term (φρουρέω). 1:5. Reuses the Philippians 4:7 verb family (காத்துக்கொள்ளும், ‘the peace of God will guard’) for consistency; a military-garrison image.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: மூலைக்கல்
Transliteration: moolaikkal
Doctrine: Christ the Living Stone and Cornerstone
Original: λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος ἔντιμος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Ephesians package. 2:6-7, citing Isaiah 28:16; keep the citation link consistent with Ephesians 2:20.
Overseers
Approved rendering: கண்காணி
Transliteration: kankaani
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: குரு, பூசாரி, அர்ச்சகர்
Inherited from Philippians package. Applied Christologically to Christ (2:25) and to human elders (5:2). Must render identically at both occurrences.
Pastor
Approved rendering: மேய்ப்பர்
Transliteration: meyppar
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: குரு
Inherited from Ephesians package. 2:25 (Christological), 5:2, 4. Must render identically at every occurrence to preserve the shepherd-Christology cross-reference.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: சாந்தகுணம்
Transliteration: saanthagunam
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: சாந்தி
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Philippians package. 3:4, 15-16. Relational, others-oriented gentleness, distinct from the forbidden சாந்தி (meditative/ritual tranquility).
Grumbling
Approved rendering: முறுமுறுப்பு
Transliteration: murumuruppu
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Inherited from Philippians package. 4:9 (hospitality without grumbling).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ஆவிக்குரிய வரங்கள்
Transliteration: aavikkuriya varangal
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts for God’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: வரம்
Original: χάρισμα / ποικίλη χάρις Θεοῦ
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 4:10. Spirit-given, never merit-earned; paired with ‘God’s varied grace’ (கடவுளுடைய பலவிதமான கிருபை).
Envy
Approved rendering: பொறாமை
Transliteration: poraamai
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Inherited from Philippians package. 2:1 (vice list).
Crooked
Approved rendering: கோணலான
Transliteration: konalaana
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Inherited from Philippians package. 2:18 (unjust masters); the ‘unjust’ qualifier must always stay attached to the submission command in this verse.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய வீட்டார்
Transliteration: Kadavuludaiya veettaar
Doctrine: Judgment Beginning at the Household of God
Inherited from Ephesians package. 4:17: judgment begins here first and most closely, before extending to those who disobey the gospel.
Love
Approved rendering: அன்பு
Transliteration: anbu
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி, காதல்
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Galatians package. 1:8 (love for the unseen Christ — significant against தரிசினம், image-based devotion); 1:22; 2:17; 3:8; 4:8.
Apostle
Approved rendering: அப்போஸ்தலன்
Transliteration: appostalan
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: குரு
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1, Peter’s self-designation; note his humility-move at 5:1 self-designating instead as ‘fellow elder’ (see fellow_elder).
Peace
Approved rendering: சமாதானம்
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Eternal Glory
Rejected alternatives: சாந்தி
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:2 (salutation), 5:14 (closing benediction).
Imperishable
Approved rendering: அழிவில்லாத
Transliteration: azhivillaatha
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation
New term (ἄφθαρτος), 1:4. Anchor relationally (God’s guarding), never as a claim about an eternal soul-substance (ஆத்மா-adjacent).
Undefiled
Approved rendering: களங்கமில்லாத
Transliteration: kalangamillaatha
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Salvation
New term (ἀμίαντος), 1:4. Guard against தீட்டு-code purity-ritual overtones; describes the inheritance’s purity, not an achievable ritual state.
Unfading
Approved rendering: அழியாத
Transliteration: azhiyaatha
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: மாறாத
Original: ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος
Category: Salvation
New term (ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος), 1:4 and 5:4. MUST use the same root at both ends to preserve the letter’s structural bracketing (inheritance … crown).
Goal Of Faith
Approved rendering: இலக்கு
Transliteration: ilakku
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: முடிவு
Original: τέλος τῆς πίστεως
Category: Salvation
New term (τέλος τῆς πίστεως), 1:9. Must not suggest an intermediate way-station in a longer multi-life journey.
Refining Fire
Approved rendering: நெருப்பினால் சோதிக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: neruppinaal sothikkappaduthal
Doctrine: The Refining of Faith through Trial
Original: διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμαζομένου / πύρωσις
Category: Discipleship
New term, 1:7; reprised as அக்கினி உபத்திரவம் at 4:12 (see fiery_ordeal). God’s personal refining agency, not punitive affliction; not an agni/homam ritual-fire association.
Exultant Joy
Approved rendering: களிகூருதல்
Transliteration: kalikooruthal
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἀγαλλιάω
Category: Discipleship
New term (ἀγαλλιάω), 1:6, 8; 4:13. Stronger than சந்தோஷம்; the paradox of exultant hope held with present grief (1:6) must not be smoothed into sequential stages.
Praise Glory Honor
Approved rendering: புகழ்ச்சி, மகிமை, கனம்
Transliteration: pugazhchi, magimai, kanam
Doctrine: The Refining of Faith through Trial
Original: ἔπαινος καὶ δόξα καὶ τιμή
Category: Eschatology
New term-cluster (ἔπαινος καὶ δόξα καὶ τιμή), 1:7. கனம் (honor) must read as God’s bestowal, not honor accumulated for social display.
Inexpressible Glorified Joy
Approved rendering: சொல்லமுடியாத, மகிமைப்பொருந்திய சந்தோஷம்
Transliteration: sollamudiyaatha, magimaipporunthiya santhosham
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος καὶ δεδοξασμένη
Category: Discipleship
New term (χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος καὶ δεδοξασμένη), 1:8. Joy already characterized by God’s glory, not joy that glorifies the believer.
Peoples Own Possession
Approved rendering: கடவுளுக்குச் சொந்தமான ஜனங்கள்
Transliteration: kadavulukku sonthamaana janangal
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
New term (λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν), 2:9, echoing Malachi 3:17/Exodus 19:5. ஜனங்கள் is the generic, doctrinally safest ‘people’ word.
Darkness To Marvelous Light
Approved rendering: இருளிலிருந்து ஆச்சரியமான ஒளிக்குள்
Transliteration: irulilirunthu aachariyamaana olikkul
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς θαυμαστόν
Category: Sanctification
New term-pair (ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς θαυμαστόν), 2:9. Reuse the Ephesians light/darkness identity-shift logic (‘you WERE darkness… now you ARE light’).
Stumbling Stone
Approved rendering: இடறுகல்
Transliteration: idarukal
Doctrine: Christ the Living Stone and Cornerstone
Original: λίθος προσκόμματος
Category: Christology
New term (λίθος προσκόμματος), 2:8.
Human Institution
Approved rendering: மனித அமைப்பு
Transliteration: manitha amaippu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ἀνθρωπίνη κτίσις
Category: Church
New term (ἀνθρωπίνη κτίσις), 2:13. Distinguish this civic-institutional sense of κτίσις from the Colossians cosmic-creation sense.
Household Servant
Approved rendering: வேலையாள்
Transliteration: velaiyaal
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: οἰκέτης
Category: Church
New term (οἰκέτης), 2:18.
Master Of Household
Approved rendering: எஜமான்
Transliteration: ejamaan
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: கர்த்தர் (forbidden here)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Church
New term (δεσπότης, and the social sense of κύριος at 3:6), 2:18; 3:6. Keep lexically distinct from கர்த்தர் (reserved for Christ) per the Colossians household-code convention.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: முன்மாதிரி
Transliteration: munmaathiri
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑπογραμμός / τύπος
Category: Discipleship
New term (ὑπογραμμός / τύπος), 2:21 and 5:3. Use the same rendering at both occurrences.
Pure Spiritual Milk
Approved rendering: ஆவிக்குரிய, மாசற்ற பாலுணவு
Transliteration: aavikkuriya, maasatra paaluணavu
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα
Category: Sanctification
New term (λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα), 2:2, likely punning on λόγος. Carry the word-of-God connection where possible.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: பலவீனமான பாத்திரம்
Transliteration: palaveenamaana paathiram
Doctrine: Household Relationships
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Church
New term (ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος), 3:7. Must always be read together with the paired ‘fellow heir of the grace of life’ clause — never a standalone inferiority statement.
Defense Of Hope
Approved rendering: பதில் சொல்லுதல்
Transliteration: pathil solluthal
Doctrine: Sanctifying Christ as Lord and Giving a Reasoned Defense
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Faith
New term (ἀπολογία), 3:15. Confident, reasoned testimony, distinct from casual ‘apologizing’ (regret).
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: நல்மனச்சாட்சி
Transliteration: nal-manasaatchi
Doctrine: Baptism as an Appeal to God for a Good Conscience
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Faith
New term (συνείδησις ἀγαθή), 3:16, 21. Must render identically at both occurrences.
Saved Through Water
Approved rendering: தண்ணீரின் மூலமாய்க் காப்பாற்றப்பட்டார்கள்
Transliteration: thanneerin moolamaaik kaapparrappattaargal
Doctrine: Baptism as an Appeal to God for a Good Conscience
Original: διασῴζω δι’ ὕδατος
Category: Salvation
New term (διασῴζω δι’ ὕδατος), 3:20. Typological link to baptism must be preserved for the following verse.
Arm Yourselves Mindset
Approved rendering: ஆயுதம் தரித்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்
Transliteration: aayutham tharithukkollungal
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ὁπλίζω τῇ αὐτῇ ἐννοίᾳ
Category: Sanctification
New term (ὁπλίζω τῇ αὐτῇ ἐννοίᾳ), 4:1. Keep the military-metaphor register consistent with the Ephesians armor-of-God doctrine.
Human Passions Vs Gods Will
Approved rendering: மனுஷரின் இச்சைகள் / கடவுளுடைய சித்தம்
Transliteration: manusharin ichaigal / Kadavuludaiya sitham
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἐπιθυμίαι ἀνθρώπων / θέλημα Θεοῦ
Category: Sin
New term-pair (ἐπιθυμίαι ἀνθρώπων / θέλημα Θεοῦ), 4:2-3. Not remedied by பற்றின்மை-style desire-extinction; remedy is holiness through union with Christ.
Vice List Ch4
Approved rendering: ஒழுக்கக்கேடு, குடிவெறி, களியாட்டம், குடிபார்ட்டி
Transliteration: ozhukkakkedu, kudiveri, kaliyaattam, kudi-party
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀσέλγεια, οἰνοφλυγία, κῶμος, πότος
Category: Sin
New terms (ἀσέλγεια, οἰνοφλυγία, κῶμος, πότος), 4:3, alongside idolatry (see idolatry entry).
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: தெளிந்த மனதுடன் இருத்தல்
Transliteration: thelintha manathudan iruthal
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: νήφω / σωφρονέω
Category: Sanctification
New term (νήφω / σωφρονέω), 1:13; 4:7; 5:8. Render consistently across all three occurrences.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: அன்பு அநேக பாவங்களை மூடும்
Transliteration: anbu aneka paavangalai moodum
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν), 4:8.
Steward
Approved rendering: பொறுப்பாளன்
Transliteration: poruppaalan
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts for God’s Glory
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term (οἰκονόμος), 4:10. Distinguish from the Ephesians ‘plan of God’ sense of the cognate noun (οἰκονομία, திட்டம்/பொறுப்பு) so the two do not blur.
Fiery Ordeal
Approved rendering: அக்கினி உபத்திரவம்
Transliteration: akkini upathiravam
Doctrine: The Refining of Faith through Trial
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Discipleship
New term (πύρωσις), 4:12. Same doctrinal thread as the 1:7 refining-fire metaphor; teach together.
Fellow Elder
Approved rendering: உடன் மூப்பர்
Transliteration: udan mooppar
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New, rare compound (συμπρεσβύτερος), 5:1. Peter’s humility-move: an apostle voluntarily takes the same office-title as those he instructs.
Shameful Gain
Approved rendering: இழிவான பொருளாசையினால் அல்ல
Transliteration: izhivaana porulaasaiyinaal alla
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: αἰσχροκερδῶς
Category: Church
New term (αἰσχροκερδῶς), 5:2. Relevant to a live Tamil social critique of religious-institutional financial exploitation; render with full moral force.
Clothe With Humility
Approved rendering: பணிவை அணிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள்
Transliteration: panivai anindhukollungal
Doctrine: Mutual Humility and God’s Sustaining Grace
Original: ἐγκομβόομαι τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἐγκομβόομαι τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην), 5:5. Servant’s-apron clothing-metaphor; cross-reference the Colossians put-off/put-on clothing family.
Humble Under Gods Hand
Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய வலிமையான கையின் கீழ் தாழ்த்துங்கள்
Transliteration: Kadavuludaiya valimaiyaana kaiyin keezh thaazhthungal
Doctrine: Mutual Humility and God’s Sustaining Grace
Original: ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
New compound, 5:6, echoing OT ‘mighty hand’ exodus-deliverance language. Cross-reference the Philippians kenosis humble-then-exalt pattern (உயர்த்தினார்).
Casting Anxiety
Approved rendering: உங்கள் கவலையை அவர்மேல் போட்டுவிடுங்கள்
Transliteration: ungal kavalaiyai avarmel pottuvidungal
Doctrine: Mutual Humility and God’s Sustaining Grace
Original: ἐπιρίπτω τὴν μέριμναν
Category: Discipleship
New term (ἐπιρίπτω τὴν μέριμναν), 5:7. Shares its root with the Philippians 4:6 ‘do not be anxious’ doctrine; teach with explicit cross-reference.
Resist Stand Firm
Approved rendering: விசுவாசத்தில் உறுதியாய் எதிர்த்து நிற்றல்
Transliteration: vishvasathil uruthiyaai ethirthu nirral
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against the Devil
Original: ἀνθίστημι στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (ἀνθίστημι στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει), 5:9. Resistance is possible because of Christ’s already-accomplished victory (cf. 3:22), not a contest of uncertain outcome.
Restore Confirm Strengthen Establish
Approved rendering: புதுப்பித்து, உறுதிப்படுத்தி, பலப்படுத்தி, நிலைநிறுத்துவார்
Transliteration: puthupithu, uruthippaduthi, palappaduthi, nilainiruthuvaar
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Eternal Glory
Original: καταρτίζω, στηρίζω, σθενόω, θεμελιόω
Category: God
New verb-cluster (καταρτίζω, στηρίζω, σθενόω, θεμελιόω), 5:10. Emphasizes the completeness of God’s own restorative action, not accumulated believer effort.
Angels Long To Look
Approved rendering: தேவதூதர்கள் ஆவலோடு நோக்கிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள்
Transliteration: devathoothargal aavalodu nokkik kondirukkiraargal
Doctrine: Sufferings and Glories of Christ Foretold by the Prophets
Original: ἄγγελοι ἐπιθυμοῦσιν παρακύψαι
Category: God
New term (ἄγγελοι ἐπιθυμοῦσιν παρακύψαι), 1:12, reusing baseline தேவதூதர்கள்.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: தீர்க்கதரிசி
Transliteration: theerkkadharisi
Doctrine: Sufferings and Glories of Christ Foretold by the Prophets
Rejected alternatives: ஜோசியன்
Inherited from Romans package. 1:10-12.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: தீர்க்கதரிசனம்
Transliteration: theerkkadharisanam
Doctrine: Sufferings and Glories of Christ Foretold by the Prophets
Inherited from Romans package. 1:10-12.
Abraham
Approved rendering: ஆபிரகாம்
Transliteration: abiragam
Doctrine: Household Relationships
Inherited from Galatians package. 3:6.
Sarah
Approved rendering: சாராள்
Transliteration: saaraal
Doctrine: Household Relationships
Inherited from Galatians package. 3:6, addressing Abraham as ‘lord’ (எஜமான், never கர்த்தர் — see lord entry).
Grieved
Approved rendering: துக்கப்பட்டவர்களாய்
Transliteration: thukkappattavargalaai
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: λυπηθέντες
Category: Discipleship
New term (λυπηθέντες), 1:6. Genuine emotional distress, not denied or minimized.
Footsteps
Approved rendering: அடிச்சுவடு
Transliteration: adichuvadu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ἴχνος
Category: Discipleship
New term (ἴχνος), 2:21.
Sheep Astray
Approved rendering: வழிதவறிய ஆடுகளைப்போல்
Transliteration: vazhithavariya aadugalaippol
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: πρόβατα πλανώμενα
Category: Sin
New term (πρόβατα πλανώμενα), 2:25, echoing Isaiah 53:6.
Vice List Ch2
Approved rendering: தீமை, வஞ்சனை, வேஷதாரித்தனம், பொறாமை, அவதூறு
Transliteration: theemai, vanjanai, veshathaarithanam, poraamai, avathooru
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: κακία, δόλος, ὑπόκρισις, φθόνος, καταλαλιά
Category: Sin
New/reused terms (κακία, δόλος, ὑπόκρισις, φθόνος, καταλαλιά), 2:1.
Gods Patience
Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய நீடிய பொறுமை
Transliteration: Kadavuludaiya needhiya porumai
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: μακροθυμία Θεοῦ
Category: God
New term (μακροθυμία Θεοῦ), 3:20.
Adversary
Approved rendering: எதிராளி
Transliteration: ethiraali
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against the Devil
Original: ἀντίδικος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (ἀντίδικος), 5:8.
Dominion
Approved rendering: ஆளுகை
Transliteration: aalugai
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Eternal Glory
Original: κράτος
Category: God
New term (κράτος), 5:11. Distinct lexeme from δύναμις (already TM’d வல்லமை); do not treat as interchangeable.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: அன்பின் அரவணைப்பு
Transliteration: anbin aravanaippu
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Eternal Glory
Rejected alternatives: அன்பின் முத்தம் (literal, footnote-only)
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Church
New term (φίλημα ἀγάπης), 5:14. Culturally-adapted functional greeting equivalent since a literal kiss-greeting is not customary Tamil Christian practice.
Referenced passages