Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Revelation (English → Tamil)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the core passage (Revelation 21:1–8) and all 22 chapters of the book. Per the hard rule of this Language Package, Part A lists terms already fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans → Galatians → Ephesians → Philippians → Colossians) that Revelation reuses exactly, without modification. Part B lists terms newly established for the Revelation curriculum, to be added to translation_memory.json (version increment) and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 translation begins.

Citation convention: Revelation = வெளிப்படுத்தின விசேஷம் (short form வெளிப்படுத்துதல் permitted in running prose); e.g. வெளிப்படுத்தின விசேஷம் 21:1–8.

Part A — Reused Baseline Terms (verbatim enforcement; do not alter)

English	Greek	Tamil (fixed)	Risk (inherited)	Key Revelation occurrences
God	θεός	கடவுள்	Critical	throughout
Lord	κύριος	கர்த்தர்	Critical	1:8; 4:11; 11:15; 19:16; 22:20–21
Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	இயேசு	Critical	throughout
Christ	Χριστός	கிறிஸ்து	Critical	1:1–2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6
Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα	பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்	Critical	1:4,10; 2–3 (refrain); 22:17
Father	πατήρ	பிதா	Critical	1:6; 2:28; 3:5,21; 14:1
Son of God	υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ	தேவனுடைய குமாரன்	Critical	2:18
holy	ἅγιος	பரிசுத்தம்	High	3:7; 4:8; 6:10; 21:2,10
saints	ἅγιοι	பரிசுத்தவான்கள்	High	5:8; 8:3–4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9
church	ἐκκλησία	சபை	Medium	ch. 1–3 (refrain); 22:16
faith	πίστις	விசுவாசம்	High	2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12
grace	χάρις	கிருபை	High	1:4; 22:21
gospel	εὐαγγέλιον	சுவிசேஷம்	High	14:6
devil	διάβολος	பிசாசு	High	2:10; 12:9,12; 20:2,10
David	Δαυίδ	தாவீது	Medium	3:7; 5:5; 22:16
Israel	Ἰσραήλ	இஸ்ரவேல்	Medium	2:14; 7:4; 21:12
covenant (ark of the)	διαθήκη	உடன்படிக்கை	High	11:19
resurrection	ἀνάστασις	உயிர்த்தெழுதல்	Critical	20:5–6
heaven	οὐρανός (theological sense)	பரலோகம்	Critical	contexts of God’s abode/believers’ hope; see 07 for the cosmological-sense exception (வானம்)
book of life	βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς	ஜீவ புஸ்தகம்	Medium	3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27
new creation (word-family)	καινός	புதிய	High	throughout (new heaven/earth, new Jerusalem, new song, new name)
curse	κατάρα	சாபம்	Critical	22:3
mystery	μυστήριον	இரகசியம்	High	1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7
fullness (word-family, indwelling sense)	—	வாசம்பண்ணுதல் (root)	High	7:15; 21:3 (σκηνόω)
sealed	σφραγίζω / σφραγίς	முத்திரை	High	5:1–9; 6:1–12; 7:2–8; 8:1; 10:4; 20:3; 22:10
principalities/thrones (word-family)	θρόνος	சிங்காசனம்	High	throughout (see Part B for full treatment note)
worship of angels (root reused positively)	προσκυνέω-root	வழிபடுதல்	Critical	5:14; 7:11; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 19:10,20; 22:8–9
temple	ναός	ஆலயம்	High	3:12; 7:15; 11:1–2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5–8; 16:1,17; 21:22
Almighty (power root)	παντοκράτωρ / δύναμις-root	வல்லமை (root)	Critical	1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22
servants of Christ (root)	δοῦλος	ஊழியக்காரர் / தேவனுடைய ஊழியர்கள்	Medium	1:1; 7:3; 19:2,5; 22:3,6
pastor/shepherd (root)	ποιμαίνω	மேய்ப்பர்-root (மேய்த்தல்)	Medium	7:17
dogs (caution precedent)	κύνες	நாய்கள்	Medium-High	22:15
firstborn	πρωτότοκος	முதற்பேறானவர்	Critical	1:5
citizenship/heaven pairing (contrast precedent)	κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς (contrast term)	பரலோகம்/குடியுரிமை (contrast)	High	6:10; 8:13; 11:10; 13:8,14; 17:2,8
idolatry (root reused literally here)	εἰδωλολατρία / εἰδωλολάτρης	விக்கிரகாராதனை	High	2:14,20; 9:20; 21:8
word (of Christ/God)	λόγος	வசனம் (root)	Critical	1:2,9; 6:9; 19:13; 20:4
inheritance root (distinct from freedom)	κληρονομέω/κληρονομία	சுதந்தரம் / சுதந்தரித்துக்கொள்ளுதல்	High	21:7
sacrifice/blood of Christ (root)	αἷμα / πλη	இரத்தம் (root), பலி (root)	High	1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

Part B — New Terms Established for the Revelation Curriculum

B1. The Return and Reign of Christ

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
The one who is coming	ὁ ἐρχόμενος (ho erchomenos)	வருகிறவர் (part of the fuller title: இருக்கிறவரும் இருந்தவரும் வருகிறவரும்)	High	1:4,8	Never a cyclical-avatar “descent”; linear, personal divine title.
Coming soon/quickly	ταχύ (tachy)	சீக்கிரமாய்	High	2:5,16; 3:11; 22:7,12,20	Certainty of God’s timetable, not a falsifiable date-prediction.
Come, Lord Jesus	ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ (erchou, kyrie Iēsou)	வா, கர்த்தராகிய இயேசுவே	Critical	22:20	Climactic NT prayer; reuses fixed கர்த்தர்/இயேசு.
King of kings and Lord of lords	βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων	ராஜாதி ராஜாவும் கர்த்தாதி கர்த்தரும்	Critical	17:14; 19:16	Never “a great king among kings”; absolute exclusivity.
The Word of God (title)	ὁ Λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (ho Logos tou theou)	தேவனுடைய வசனம்	Critical	19:13	Connects to established Incarnation doctrine (தேகதாரணம்); requires theologian review.
Rod/scepter of iron	ῥάβδος σιδηρᾶ (rhabdos sidēra)	இருப்புத் தண்டு	Medium	12:5; 19:15	Psalm 2 messianic-reign echo.
Reign (verb, millennial)	βασιλεύω (basileuō)	அரசாளுதல்	High	5:10; 20:4,6; 22:5	Distinguish from the pagan yuga golden-age frame; a specific, Christ-centered future reign.
Thousand years	χίλια ἔτη (chilia etē)	ஆயிரம் வருஷம்	High	20:2–7	Never a recurring Yuga-cycle golden age; bounded, linear, once.

B2. The Sovereignty of God over History

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
Alpha and Omega	Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ	அல்பாவும் ஓமெகாவும்	Critical	1:8; 21:6; 22:13	Fixed per 12_ai system prompt; never softened.
Beginning and end / First and last	ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος / πρῶτος καὶ ἔσχατος	ஆதியும் முடிவும் / முந்தினவரும் பிந்தினவரும்	Critical	1:17; 21:6; 22:13	Always render the FULL stacked formula together; never bare ஆதி (collides with ஆதிசிவன்/ஆதிசக்தி epithets).
Almighty	παντοκράτωρ (pantokratōr)	சர்வவல்லமையுள்ள கடவுள்	Critical	1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22	Reuses established வல்லமை root; never சக்தி.
Who is, who was, who is to come	ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος	இருக்கிறவரும் இருந்தவரும் வருகிறவரும்	High	1:4,8; 4:8	Linear personal eternality, not a cyclical time-deity.
The kingdom of the world has become our Lord’s	βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου ἐγένετο τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν	உலகத்தின் ராஜ்யம் நம்முடைய கர்த்தருடையதாயிற்று	Critical	11:15	Structural hinge-verse; theologian review recommended.
It is done / it has happened	γέγοναν (gegonan)	ஆயிற்று / நிறைவேறிற்று	Medium	16:17; 21:6	Perfect-tense, completed-act force.
No more delay	χρόνος οὐκέτι ἔσται	இனிமேல் தாமதம் இராது	Medium	10:6	God-determined timing, not astrological calculation.
Kingdom, priests (royal priesthood)	βασιλεία, ἱερεῖς	ராஜ்யமும் ஆசாரியர்களும்	High	1:6; 5:10; 20:6	ஆசாரியர் ≠ caste-hereditary பூசாரி/அர்ச்சகர்.

B3. Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
Testimony / witness	μαρτυρία / μάρτυς (martyria/martys)	சாட்சி	High	1:2,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4	Neutral legal-relational term; for those killed for testimony use a descriptive phrase, not a separate loaded “martyr” noun.
Perseverance / patient endurance	ὑπομονή (hypomonē)	நிலைத்திருத்தல்	High	1:9; 2:2–3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12	Never தவம்-style merit-earning ascetic endurance; Spirit-enabled, hope-grounded.
To overcome / conquer	νικάω (nikaō)	ஜெயங்கொள்ளுதல்	High	2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7	Derivative victory (through the Lamb’s blood), never self-attained siddhi-style mastery.
Keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus	τηρέω τὰς ἐντολὰς τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν πίστιν Ἰησοῦ	தேவனுடைய கற்பனைகளையும் இயேசுவின் விசுவாசத்தையும் கைக்கொள்ளுதல்	High	12:17; 14:12	Book’s working definition of faithful endurance.
Two witnesses	δύο μάρτυρες (dyo martyres)	இரண்டு சாட்சிகள்	High	11:3–13	Enacts persecution-then-vindication pattern.
Blood of the Lamb and word of testimony	αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ λόγος τῆς μαρτυρίας	ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் இரத்தமும் சாட்சியின் வார்த்தையும்	Critical	12:11	Core victory formula; theologian review required.
Repent / repentance	μετανοέω / μετάνοια (metanoeō/metanoia)	மனந்திரும்புதல்	High	2:5,16,21–22; 3:3,19; 9:20–21; 16:9,11	Not karma-mitigation ritual; grace-grounded turning of heart.
Those who dwell on the earth	κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	பூமியில் வாசம்செய்கிறவர்கள்	High	6:10; 8:13; 11:10; 13:8,14; 17:2,8	Contrast term to heavenly citizenship (பரலோகம்/குடியுரிமை).

B4. Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
Lake of fire (and sulfur)	λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου)	அக்கினிக் கடல் (அக்கினியும் கந்தகமும் எரிகிற கடல்)	Critical	19:20; 20:10,14–15; 21:8	NEVER assimilated to நரகம் (naraka)‘s temporary, purgative, rebirth-adjacent framework; final and everlasting.
Second death	δεύτερος θάνατος (deuteros thanatos)	இரண்டாம் மரணம்	Critical	2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8	Terminal fate after the one resurrection; never a stage in a rebirth cycle.
Judgment / to judge	κρίσις / κρίνω (krisis/krinō)	நியாயத்தீர்ப்பு / நியாயந்தீர்த்தல்	High	14:7; 16:7; 18:10; 19:2; 20:4,12–13	Standard juridical Tamil Bible vocabulary.
Great white throne	θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας (thronos leukos megas)	பெரிய வெண்மையான சிங்காசனம்	High	20:11	Reuses fixed சிங்காசனம்.
Wrath of the Lamb	ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου (orgē tou arniou)	ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் கோபாக்கினை	High	6:16	Reuses fixed கோபாக்கினை; gentleness and just judgment coexist without contradiction.
Wrath/fury (θυμός, distinct from ὀργή)	θυμός (thymos)	உக்கிரகோபம்	Medium	14:8,10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 18:3; 19:15	Distinguish lexically from established கோபாக்கினை while keeping both as the SAME righteous, non-capricious divine anger.
Souls (of the slain)	ψυχαί (psychai)	ஆத்துமாக்கள்	Medium	6:9; 20:4	Consciously present with God awaiting vindication; not a rebirth-cycle intermediate state.
How long, O Lord?	ἕως πότε (heōs pote)	எதுவரைக்கும் ஆண்டவரே	Medium	6:10	Martyrs’ cry for certain, if delayed, divine justice.
Winepress of the wrath of God	ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ	தேவனுடைய உக்கிரகோபத்தின் ஆலை	Medium	14:19; 19:15	Vivid agrarian judgment image.
Book of Life (judgment context)	βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς	ஜீவ புஸ்தகம்	High	20:12,15	Reuse; never கணக்கு (karmic ledger) framing.

B5. The New Heaven and New Earth

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
New heaven and new earth (cosmological)	οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν	புதிய வானமும் புதிய பூமியும்	High	21:1	வானம் (cosmological sky/heavens) here, NOT பரலோகம் (God’s abode sense) — see 07 for the two-sense tracking rule.
Passed away	ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai)	நீங்கிப்போயின	High	21:1,4	Linear, one-time, terminal — not a cycle-turn (pralaya/yuga).
New Jerusalem	Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή	புதிய எருசலேம்	Medium	21:2,10; 3:12	Cross-reference Galatians’ established மேலான எருசலேம் (Jerusalem above) — same referent, two aspects.
Tabernacle / to dwell (of God with his people)	σκηνή / σκηνόω (skēnē/skēnoō)	கூடாரம் (noun) / வாசம்பண்ணுதல் (verb)	High	7:15; 21:3	Reuses fullness-doctrine’s வாசம்பண்ணுதல் root; John 1:14 echo; needs OT-tabernacle background teaching.
No more death, mourning, crying, pain	θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος	மரணம், துக்கம், கூக்குரல், வேதனை	High (θάνατος) / Low (others)	21:4	Death’s FINAL abolition; never a rebirth-cycle transitional phase.
I am making all things new	ποιῶ καινὰ πάντα (poiō kaina panta)	சகலத்தையும் புதிதாக்குகிறேன்	Medium	21:5	Preserve present tense — ongoing sovereign act, not deist withdrawal.
Water of life (spring/river)	πηγή/ποταμὸς ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς	ஜீவத் தண்ணீரின் ஊற்று/நதி	Medium	7:17; 21:6; 22:1,17	Reuses ஜீவ root; salvation/new-creation register, not ritual bathing.
Freely (as a gift)	δωρεάν (dōrean)	இலவசமாக / கிரயமில்லாமல்	High	21:6; 22:17	Connects to established கிருபை/ஈவு; never a vow-earned transaction (நேர்த்திக்கடன்).
Tree of life	ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς (xylon tēs zōēs)	ஜீவ விருட்சம்	High	2:7; 22:2,14,19	Eden-restored typology; OT-literacy teaching note needed.
No more curse	κατάρα οὐκ ἔσται	சாபம் இனி இராது	Critical	22:3	Reuses fixed சாபம்; final reversal of Genesis 3’s curse.
River of the water of life	ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς	ஜீவத் தண்ணீரின் நதி	Medium	22:1	See water-of-life entry above.
No temple in the city	ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον	ஆலயத்தை நான் காணேன் (எதிர்மறை)	High	21:22	Fulfills established “Church as God’s Temple” doctrine; God’s direct presence supersedes any building.

B6. The Church as Bride of Christ

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
Bride	νύμφη (nymphē)	மணவாட்டி	High	19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17	Genuine, sophisticated resonance with Tamil Vaishnava bridal-mysticism (Andal); teach corporate-church referent and grace-grounded readiness explicitly.
Marriage/wedding of the Lamb	γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου (gamos tou arniou)	ஆட்டுக்குட்டியானவரின் கலியாணம்	Critical	19:7,9	Climactic fulfillment scene; theologian review required.
Prepared, adorned (bride imagery)	ἡτοιμασμένην, κεκοσμημένην	ஆயத்தம்பண்ணப்பட்ட, அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்ட	Low-Medium	19:7; 21:2	Beauty and readiness bestowed, not self-produced.
Harlot / Babylon (antithesis of the bride)	πόρνη / Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη	வேசி / பாபிலோன்	High	14:8; 17:1–18:24	Deliberate structural antithesis to the bride; use in teaching to sharpen ch. 21–22’s meaning.
Fornication/spiritual adultery	πορνεύω / πορνεία (porneuō/porneia)	வேசித்தனம் / சோரம் செய்தல்	Medium	2:20–21; 17:2; 18:3,9; 19:2	Symbolic of covenant-unfaithfulness/idolatrous political alliance.

B7. Worship of the Lamb

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
Lamb	ἀρνίον (arnion)	ஆட்டுக்குட்டி	Critical	5:6–14; 6:1,16; 7:9–17; 12:11; 13:8,11; 14:1,4,10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,14,22–23,27; 22:1,3	Never softened to generic “sheep” (πρόβατον); permanent sacrificial wound “as though slain” must be retained; OT Passover background needed.
To worship / bow down	προσκυνέω (proskyneō)	வழிபடுதல்	Critical	4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 11:16; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 15:4; 19:4,10,20; 22:8–9	Same verb for correct object (God/Lamb) and forbidden object (angels, beast, idols) — object, not word, is regulated; teach explicitly.
To serve (cultic worship-service)	λατρεύω (latreuō)	ஆராதனை செய்தல்	High	7:15; 22:3	Reuses ஆராதனை root from Colossians idolatry-warning; here names TRUE worship.
Worthy	ἄξιος (axios)	தகுதியுள்ளவர்	Medium	4:11; 5:2,4,9,12	Christ’s worthiness is real, achieved merit through his atoning death — unlike the rejected human self-merit (சுயநீதி) elsewhere; teach the distinction.
New song	ᾆσμα καινόν (asma kainon)	புதிய பாட்டு	Medium	5:9; 14:3	Reuses established புதிய root.
Holy, holy, holy	ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος	பரிசுத்தர், பரிசுத்தர், பரிசுத்தர்	Medium	4:8	Isaiah 6:3 echo; OT-literacy note.
Song of Moses and the Lamb	ᾆσμα Μωϋσέως καὶ τὸ ᾆσμα τοῦ ἀρνίου	மோசேயின் பாட்டும் ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் பாட்டும்	High	15:3	Unites OT/NT redemption as one worship-song of the one sovereign God.
Throne of God and of the Lamb (shared, singular)	θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου	கடவுளுடைய மற்றும் ஆட்டுக்குட்டியானவரின் சிங்காசனம்	Critical	22:1,3	Singular throne = co-equal deity; preserve grammatical singularity.

B8. Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
Revelation / apocalypse (book title, genre)	ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis)	வெளிப்படுத்துதல்	High	1:1	Reuse from Galatians baseline; authoritative disclosure, not vision/dream register.
Dragon	δράκων (drakōn)	வலுசர்ப்பம்	Critical	12:3–17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2	NEVER நாகம் (venerated serpent-deity, living Naga worship/nagadosham); never bare பாம்பு (under-translates cosmic scale).
Ancient serpent	ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος (ho ophis ho archaios)	ஆதிகாலத்துப் பாம்பு	Critical	12:9; 20:2	Must not collide with Ādi-Śeṣa/Adishesha (ஆதிசேஷன்), Vishnu’s revered cosmic serpent-couch; avoid bare ஆதி + பாம்பு.
Beast	θηρίον (thērion)	மிருகம்	High	11:7; 13:1–18; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3–17; 19:19–20; 20:4,10	Real historical-symbolic power, not epic-mythology entertainment (Ravana/asura multi-head familiarity risk).
Mark of the beast	χάραγμα (charagma)	இலச்சினை	High	13:16–17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4	Lexically DISTINCT from முத்திரை (God’s seal) — two competing marks, never merge.
Number of the beast / 666	ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου / χξϛ	மிருகத்தின் எண் / அறுநூற்றறுபத்தாறு	Medium-High	13:17–18	Guard against Tamil astrological-numerological reading; teach as first-century apocalyptic gematria.
Abyss / bottomless pit	ἄβυσσος (abyssos)	பாதாளம்	Medium	9:1–11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3	Incidental Pātāla-loka resonance; teach as a place of divine confinement, not an independent mythic realm.
Armageddon	Ἁρμαγεδών (Harmagedōn)	அர்மகெதோன்	Medium-High	16:16	Guard against pop-culture “apocalyptic battle” dread/excitement eclipsing the sovereignty-and-judgment point.
Mystery	μυστήριον (mystērion)	இரகசியம்	High	1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7	Reuse; revealed-not-esoteric doctrine reinforced here.
Sea (no more sea)	θάλασσα (thalassa)	கடல்	Medium	21:1; cf. 13:1	Symbolic (chaos/evil-origin) vs. literal reading — present both in teaching, not resolved in translation.
Measurement of the city	μέτρον / μετρέω	அளவு / அளத்தல்	Medium	21:15–17	Numeric-perfection symbolism, not architectural literalism.
Thousand years	χίλια ἔτη	ஆயிரம் வருஷம்	High	20:2–7	See B1; also central to this doctrine’s interpretive-options teaching note.
First resurrection	ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη	முதலாம் உயிர்த்தெழுதல்	Critical	20:5–6	Render faithfully without adjudicating millennial-view debate; never rebirth-adjacent.

B9. Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Rejected Alternatives / Note
To overcome / conquer	νικάω (nikaō)	ஜெயங்கொள்ளுதல்	High	throughout (see B3)	Cross-listed; victory is Christ’s, appropriated by faith, never self-attained.
Binding (of Satan)	δέω (deō)	கட்டுதல்	Medium-High	20:2–3	God’s sovereign judicial act, not exorcist ritual-binding technique.
War in heaven / Michael	πόλεμος ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ / Μιχαήλ	வானத்தில் யுத்தம் / மிக்கேல்	Medium	12:7–9	Angelic conflict under God’s sovereignty; note οὐρανός sense-ambiguity (see 07).
Accuser	κατήγορος (katēgoros)	குற்றம்சாட்டுகிறவன்	Medium	12:10	Satan’s defeated legal role, answered by Christ’s intercession.
Satan	Σατανᾶς (Satanas)	சாத்தான்	Medium	2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2,7	One defeated adversary under several names (Satan/devil/dragon/serpent), never a class of spirits.

B10. Additional Chapter-Level Terms (proper names, worship/ritual vocabulary, minor but load-bearing)

English	Greek (Translit.)	Tamil	Risk	Chapters	Note
Son of Man	υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου (huios anthrōpou)	மனுஷகுமாரன்	Medium	1:13	Distinct from தேவனுடைய குமாரன் (Son of God); Daniel 7 echo.
Keys of Death and Hades	κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ Ἅιδου	மரணத்திற்கும் பாதாளத்திற்கும் உரிய திறவுகோல்கள்	High	1:18	Christ’s authority over death, grounded in resurrection.
Synagogue of Satan	συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	சாத்தானின் ஜெப ஆலயம்	High	2:9; 3:9	Local, historically specific referent; pastoral care against anti-Jewish misapplication.
Key of David	κλεῖς Δαυίδ (kleis Dauid)	தாவீதின் திறவுகோல்	Medium	3:7	Messianic authority, Isaiah 22:22 echo.
Four living creatures	ζῷα (zōa)	ஜீவன்கள்	Medium	4:6–9; 5:6,8,14; 6:1–7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4	Ezekiel 1/Isaiah 6 background needed.
Twenty-four elders	πρεσβύτεροι (presbyteroi)	மூப்பர்கள்	Medium	4:4,10; 5:5–14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4	Present interpretive options in teaching, not in translation.
Crown (victor’s) / diadem (royal)	στέφανος / διάδημα	கிரீடம் / ராஜ கிரீடம்	Medium	2:10; 3:11; 4:4,10; 6:2; 9:7; 12:1,3; 13:1; 14:14; 19:12	Keep the two Greek words lexically distinct in Tamil.
Scroll / seal	βιβλίον / σφραγίς	புஸ்தகம் / முத்திரை	Medium	5:1–9; 6:1–12; 8:1	முத்திரை reuse from Ephesians.
Lion of the tribe of Judah / Root of David	λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα / ῥίζα Δαυίδ	யூதா கோத்திரத்தின் சிங்கம் / தாவீதின் வேர்	Medium	5:5	Genesis 49/Isaiah 11 messianic background.
Four horsemen (white/red/black/pale)	ἵππος λευκός/πυρρός/μέλας/χλωρός	வெள்ளை/சிவப்பு/கறுப்பு/பச்சைக் குதிரை	Medium	6:1–8	Symbolic agents under the Lamb’s sovereign permission.
Altar (heavenly)	θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion)	பலிபீடம்	Medium	6:9; 8:3,5; 9:13; 14:18; 16:7	Reuses பலி root.
White robes	στολαὶ λευκαί (stolai leukai)	வெள்ளை அங்கிகள்	Medium	6:11; 7:9,13–14	Cultural note: white = mourning color in Tamil funeral custom, opposite of the biblical sense here.
Palm branches	φοίνικες (phoinikes)	பனை ஓலைகள்	Low	7:9	John 12 echo.
Trumpet	σάλπιγξ (salpinx)	எக்காளம்	Medium	1:10; 4:1; 8:2–13; 9:1,13,14; 11:15	Standard term.
Incense = prayers of the saints	θυμιάματα / προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων	தூபங்கள் / பரிசுத்தவான்களின் ஜெபங்கள்	High	5:8; 8:3–5	Reuses fixed பரிசுத்தவான்கள்.
Apollyon/Abaddon (the Destroyer)	Ἀπολλύων/Ἀβαδδών	அப்பொல்லியோன் (அழிக்கிறவன்)	Medium	9:11	Transliterate with meaning gloss.
Locusts	ἀκρίδες (akrides)	கடிக்கும் புழு வகைகள்	Medium	9:3–10	Exodus 10 plague echo.
Little scroll	βιβλαρίδιον (bibalaridion)	சிறிய புஸ்தகம்	Low	10:2,9–10	—
Ark of the covenant	κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης	உடன்படிக்கைப் பெட்டகம்	Medium	11:19	Reuses fixed உடன்படிக்கை.
Corpse (of the two witnesses)	πτῶμα (ptōma)	பிரேதம்	Medium	11:8–9	Public shame-to-vindication narrative.
Woman (ch. 12)	γυνή (gynē)	ஸ்திரீ	Critical	12:1–17	NOT a goddess-figure; covenant community, not a Devi/Durga-pattern warrior-goddess.
Male child	υἱὸν ἄρσενα (huion arsena)	ஆண் பிள்ளை	Medium	12:5,13	Messianic birth reference.
Wilderness	ἔρημος (erēmos)	வனாந்தரம்	Low	12:6,14; 17:3	Place of divine protection.
Blasphemy	βλασφημία (blasphēmia)	தூஷணம்	Medium-High	13:1,5–6; 17:3	Assault on exclusive worship of God.
Virgins (chaste)	παρθένοι (parthenoi)	கன்னியர்	Medium	14:4	Spiritual-fidelity sense; positive resonance with Tamil கற்பு ethical tradition.
Firstfruits	ἀπαρχή (aparchē)	முதற்பலன்	Low-Medium	14:4	Established OT sacrificial term.
Eternal gospel	εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον	நித்திய சுவிசேஷம்	Medium	14:6	Reuses fixed சுவிசேஷம்; linear-eternal, not cyclical, time.
Harvest / sickle	θερισμός / δρέπανον	அறுவடை / அரிவாள்	Medium	14:14–19	Judgment imagery, agrarian register.
Bowl (of wrath)	φιάλη (phialē)	கலசம்	Medium	15:7; 16:1–17; 21:9	Distinct symbolic use from the golden bowls of incense (ch. 5).
Plague	πληγή (plēgē)	வாதை	Medium	9:18,20; 11:6; 15:1,6,8; 16:9,21; 18:4,8; 21:9; 22:18	Standard term.
Fall (of Babylon)	πτῶσις (ptōsis)	பாழாதல் / விழுதல்	Low-Medium	18:2	—
Merchandise / merchants	ἐμπόριον / ἔμποροι	வர்த்தகம் / வர்த்தகர்கள்	Low-Medium	18:11–23	Economic-judgment dimension.
Lament / dirge	θρῆνος (thrēnos)	புலம்பல்	Low	18:9	Antithesis of heaven’s rejoicing (19:1–3).
Hallelujah	Ἁλληλουϊά (Hallelouia)	அல்லேலூயா	High	19:1,3–4,6	Fixed transliteration per system prompt.
Great supper of God	δεῖπνον τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ	மகா தேவனுடைய விருந்து	Medium	19:17	Antithesis of the marriage supper of the Lamb.
Gates / foundations of the city	πύλαι / θεμέλιοι	வாசல்கள் / அஸ்திபாரங்கள்	Low-Medium	21:12–14,19–21	Twelve tribes / twelve apostles symbolism.
Precious stone	λίθος τίμιος (lithos timios)	விலையேறப்பெற்ற கல்	Low	21:11,18–21	—
Lamp	λύχνος (lychnos)	விளக்கு	Low-Medium	21:23; 22:5	Inclusio with the ch. 1 lampstands.
Blessed (beatitude formula)	μακάριος (makarios)	ஆசீர்வதிக்கப்பட்டவர் / பாக்கியவான்	Medium	1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7,14	Structuring device across the whole book.
Add to / take away from	προστίθημι / ἀφαιρέω	சேர்த்தல் / எடுத்துப்போடுதல்	Medium	22:18–19	Canonical-integrity warning; connects to Inspiration of Scripture doctrine.

Notes for Phase 1 Step 8 → Phase 2 Handoff

All Critical-tier new terms in Part B (Lamb, dragon/ancient serpent, lake of fire, second death, throne of God and the Lamb, Alpha-Omega compound formula, marriage of the Lamb, blood of the Lamb and word of testimony, the Word of God, woman of ch. 12, King of kings, Come Lord Jesus, first resurrection) require mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, per this Package’s inherited escalation convention.
All High-tier new terms require theologian review; all Medium-tier terms require native speaker review; Low-tier terms may proceed with automated review only.
Before Phase 2 translation begins, every term marked “(NEW)” in this document must be added to translation_memory.json (version increment) and bible_term_registry.json, and the doctrine-risk registry (doctrine_risk_registry.json) must be extended with entries for all nine assigned Revelation doctrines, following the exact schema of the Romans/Galatians/Ephesians/Philippians/Colossians entries already present.
The two-sense tracking rule for οὐρανός (வானம் cosmological vs. பரலோகம் theological) and the two-mark distinction (முத்திரை vs. இலச்சினை) are structural rules for the whole book and should be stated as standing instructions in the Phase 2 system prompt, not merely as footnotes on individual verses.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. In Revelation’s worship scenes (ch. 4-5, 19, 21-22) கடவுள் must remain the unambiguous, exclusive object of worship shared only with the Lamb.

Lord

Approved rendering: கர்த்தர்
Transliteration: karthar
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: எஜமான்
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Escalates to its maximal, universe-encompassing form in Revelation (‘King of kings and Lord of lords’, 19:16; ‘Come, Lord Jesus’, 22:20); never diluted to a lord among lords.

Jesus

Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Incarnate Word and Second Coming
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package verbatim.

Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: kiristhu
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Used with இயேசு as the exalted, reigning Messiah who shares God’s throne and kingdom (11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: parisutha aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Speaks to the seven churches (2-3), inspires John’s vision (1:10), and joins the closing invitation (22:17) as a personal, not impersonal, cosmic principle.

Father

Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Source of the kingdom given to believers (1:6) and of the inheritance promised to the overcomer (21:7).

Son Of God

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய குமாரன்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Kumaran
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தெய்வப்புத்திரன்
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Used at Thyatira (2:18).

Resurrection

Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Hope
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. NEVER மறுபிறவி — reaches its final and most consequential expression in Revelation’s judgment scenes (20:5-6).

Heaven

Approved rendering: பரலோகம்
Transliteration: paralogam
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: சொர்க்கம், வைகுண்டம், கைலாசம், மோட்சலோகம்

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim. Reserved EXCLUSIVELY for God’s transcendent abode/theological sense; NEVER used for the cosmological ‘new heaven and new earth’ of 21:1, which requires வானம் instead — see the two-sense tracking rule under new_heaven_and_new_earth below.

Curse

Approved rendering: சாபம்
Transliteration: saabam
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: தோஷம்
Original: κατάρα
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Galatians package verbatim. ‘No longer will there be anything cursed’ (22:3) declares the same word borne by Christ (Gal 3:13) permanently ABSENT from the new creation — a whole-Bible arc that must be visible in teaching.

Firstborn

Approved rendering: முதற்பேறானவர்
Transliteration: mutalperaanavar
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ
Rejected alternatives: முதலில் படைக்கப்பட்டவர், மூத்த குமாரன்

Inherited from Colossians package verbatim. Rev 1:5 (‘firstborn of the dead’) must render identically to the Colossians firstborn entry; flag any deviation.

Almighty

Approved rendering: சர்வவல்லமையுள்ள கடவுள்
Transliteration: sarvavallamaiyulla kadavul
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: சர்வசக்தியுள்ள கடவுள், சக்தி
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God

God’s title used 9 times (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22) asserting unqualified sovereignty over every power in the cosmos. Built on the established வல்லமை root, Critical-never-சக்தி in the Romans baseline specifically to avoid association with the living village Amman goddess-power tradition. Always a God-anchored compound, never a bare abstract power-word.

Alpha And Omega

Approved rendering: அல்பாவும் ஓமெகாவும்
Transliteration: alpaavum omekaavum
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God

Fixed per this Package’s system-prompt convention (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Never softened into ‘a great and eternal power among others’; resist a Trimurti-style reading — this is ONE person’s total claim over all time.

Beginning And End

Approved rendering: ஆதியும் முடிவும்
Transliteration: aadhiyum mudivum
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ஆதி (bare/truncated)
Original: ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος
Category: God

Paired self-designation intensifying Alpha-Omega (21:6; 22:13, with ‘first and last’ also at 22:13). Always render the FULL stacked formula; never truncate to bare ஆதி, which collides with primordial-deity epithets (ஆதிசிவன், ஆதிசக்தி) already flagged for Colossians’ firstborn/beginning entry.

Lamb

Approved rendering: ஆட்டுக்குட்டி
Transliteration: aattukkutti
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: செம்மறியாட்டுக்குட்டி (πρόβατον-sheep confusion), ஆடு (generic goat/sheep)
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology

Revelation’s characteristic and near-exclusive title for Christ (28 occurrences), established Tamil Bible term (John 1:29). Never softened toward generic ‘sheep’; the ‘as though slain’ wound stays permanently visible even in glory. Requires OT Passover-lamb background teaching.

Word Of God Title

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய வசனம்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya vasanam
Doctrine: Incarnate Word and Second Coming
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Christological title for the Rider on the white horse (19:13), echoing John 1:1,14. Connects to the already-Critical Incarnation doctrine (தேகதாரணம்); must retain full personal-divine force, not read as merely ‘a message from God.‘

King Of Kings Lord Of Lords

Approved rendering: ராஜாதி ராஜாவும் கர்த்தாதி கர்த்தரும்
Transliteration: raajaathi raajaavum karthaathi kartharum
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology

The Rider’s title at his triumphant return (17:14; 19:16). Always the fixed double-superlative compound, never a single superlative adjective — the grammar itself must force the exhaustive, all-encompassing sense against Tamil Nadu’s crowded field of superlative devotional titles (இஷ்ட தெய்வம் framing).

Firstborn Of The Dead

Christ’s title in the opening doxology (1:5), identical to Colossians 1:18. Must render identically; guards against Arian and pantheon-seniority misreadings.

Come Lord Jesus

Approved rendering: வா, கர்த்தராகிய இயேசுவே
Transliteration: vaa, kartharaagiya yesuve
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Christology

The book’s — and the New Testament’s — climactic closing prayer of longing for Christ’s return (22:20), equivalent to the Aramaic marana tha. Reuses established கர்த்தர்/இயேசு exactly.

Throne Of God And Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய மற்றும் ஆட்டுக்குட்டியானவரின் சிங்காசனம்
Transliteration: kadavuludaiya matrum aattukkuttiyaanavarin singaasanam
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ
Original: θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology

God and the Lamb sharing ONE throne (singular, not two adjacent thrones) in the new creation (22:1,3). Grammatical singularity must be preserved — a direct assertion of the Lamb’s full deity.

First Resurrection

Approved rendering: முதலாம் உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: muthalaam uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Death
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology

The resurrection of the martyrs/faithful (20:5-6), prior to final judgment. A genuinely debated interpretive point among faithful readings of the millennium; render faithfully without adjudicating the millennial-view debate, never rebirth-adjacent.

Blood Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் இரத்தம்
Transliteration: aattukkuttiyin iratham
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Salvation

Christ’s sacrificial death, the ground of the redeemed’s white robes (7:14) and the overcomers’ victory over the accuser (12:11). Builds on கிறிஸ்துவின் இரத்தம் and பலி; must retain once-for-all, self-given finality.

Marriage Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: ஆட்டுக்குட்டியானவரின் கலியாணம்
Transliteration: aattukkuttiyaanavarin kaliyaanam
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church

The wedding of the Lamb (19:7,9), the climactic consummation scene immediately preceding the descended bride-city of ch. 21. Must be taught as one unfolding scene with 21:2.

Worship Proskyneo

Approved rendering: வழிபடுதல்
Transliteration: vazhipaduthal
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship

The SAME verb used for correct worship of God/the Lamb (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 19:4,10) and forbidden worship of the beast/dragon/idols (13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; cf. its correction at 19:10; 22:8-9). STANDING RULE: the OBJECT, not the word, is what Revelation regulates — this must be taught explicitly, never resolved by using two different verbs.

Dragon

Approved rendering: வலுசர்ப்பம்
Transliteration: valusarpam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Rejected alternatives: நாகம், பாம்பு (bare)
Original: δράκων
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Identified explicitly as Satan/the devil (12:9). NEVER நாகம் (venerated serpent-deity in Tamil folk religion) and never bare பாம்பு (under-translates cosmic scale).

Ancient Serpent

Approved rendering: ஆதிகாலத்துப் பாம்பு
Transliteration: aadhikaalathu paambu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Rejected alternatives: ஆதி பாம்பு (bare)
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Identifies the dragon with the Genesis 3 tempter (12:9; 20:2). Must NOT be assimilated to Ādi-Śeṣa (ஆதிசேஷன்), Vishnu’s revered cosmic serpent-couch; avoid the bare epithet ஆதி directly modifying ‘serpent’ without the fuller phrase.

Woman Of Revelation 12

Approved rendering: ஸ்திரீ
Transliteration: sthiree
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child
Original: γυνή
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

The woman clothed with the sun, opposed by the dragon (12:1-17) — most plausibly the covenant community. Sharp collision risk with Devi Mahatmya’s Durga-versus-Mahishasura pattern; teaching must state she is not worshiped, does not personally fight the dragon (Michael does, v.7), and is not a divine warrior-goddess.

Lake Of Fire

Approved rendering: அக்கினிக் கடல் (அக்கினியும் கந்தகமும் எரிகிற கடல்)
Transliteration: akkinik kadal (akkiniyum kanthagamum erigira kadal)
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: நரகம்
Original: λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου)
Category: Judgment

The final, everlasting place of judgment (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8). MUST NEVER be assimilated to நரகம் (naraka) — a multi-tiered, TEMPORARY, purgative hell preparing for further rebirth, even in some Tamil Christian casual speech. The concrete image is preferred over an abstract ‘hell’ gloss precisely to sidestep this collision.

Second Death

Approved rendering: இரண்டாம் மரணம்
Transliteration: irandaam maranam
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Death
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment

Final, spiritual/eternal death following bodily death and final judgment (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8) — categorically distinct from and never a stage of rebirth.

Blood Of Lamb And Word Of Testimony

Approved rendering: ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் இரத்தமும் சாட்சியின் வார்த்தையும்
Transliteration: aattukkuttiyin irathamum saatchiyin vaarthaiyum
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ λόγος τῆς μαρτυρίας
Category: Assurance

The core victory formula (12:11), fusing Christ’s atonement and the believers’ faithful witness as the basis of triumph over the accuser. The single clearest textual link joining Worship-of-the-Lamb, Perseverance, and Final-Victory doctrines.

Kingdom Of The World Become Our Lords

Approved rendering: உலகத்தின் ராஜ்யம் நம்முடைய கர்த்தருடையதாயிற்று
Transliteration: ulagathin raajyam nammudaiya kartharudaiyathaayitru
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου ἐγένετο τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Sovereignty

The climactic sovereignty/reign declaration at the seventh trumpet (11:15) — the book’s mid-point theological hinge, paralleling 21:1-8’s weight at the close.

High Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தம்
Transliteration: parisutham
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: சுத்தம்

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Grounds the thrice-holy doxology (4:8) and the holy city (21:2,10).

Saints

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தவான்கள்
Transliteration: parisuthavankal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: சாமியார், சித்தர்
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Whose prayers ascend like incense (5:8; 8:3-4) and who are objects of the dragon’s war and God’s vindication (11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 20:9).

Faith

Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Steadfast trust in and allegiance to Jesus, commended at Pergamum, Thyatira, and the martyrs’ endurance (2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12).

Grace

Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) the book as a benediction frame.

Gospel

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷம்
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: நல்ல செய்தி
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Appears as ‘an eternal gospel’ proclaimed to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people (14:6).

Book Of Life

Approved rendering: ஜீவ புஸ்தகம்
Transliteration: jeeva pusthagam
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: கணக்குப் புத்தகம்
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim. God’s register consulted at the final judgment (20:12,15) and guaranteeing entry into the new Jerusalem (21:27). Never கணக்கு (ledger) framing, which evokes the karmic record-keeper Chitragupta.

Temple

Approved rendering: ஆலயம்
Transliteration: aalayam
Doctrine: Tabernacling Presence of God
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: ναός
Category: Church

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim. The heavenly temple/tabernacle motif (3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5-8; 16:1,17), fulfilled and superseded by God’s direct presence in the new Jerusalem (21:22). NEVER கோவில் (Hindu temple).

Mystery

Approved rendering: இரகசியம்
Transliteration: irakasiyam
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: மறைஞானம், மறைபொருள்
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Inherited from Ephesians/Colossians packages verbatim. The hidden meaning of symbolic visions, given together WITH their interpretation (1:20; 17:5,7) — never permanently esoteric riddles.

Revelation Apocalypse Genre

Approved rendering: வெளிப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: veliyppaduthuthal
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation

Inherited from Galatians package verbatim (ἀποκάλυψις). Anchors the whole book’s genre-title (1:1): authoritative divine disclosure, never a generic vision/dream register.

Sacrifice

Approved rendering: பலி
Transliteration: pali
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim (root). Underlies பலிபீடம் (altar) and the Lamb’s once-for-all self-given sacrifice; never a recurring village-shrine appeasement offering.

Blood Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் இரத்தம்
Transliteration: Kiristhuvin iratham
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim (root). Underlies ‘blood of the Lamb’ (ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் இரத்தம்) — see the new blood_of_the_lamb entry below for the Revelation-specific compound.

Redemption

Approved rendering: மீட்பு
Transliteration: meetpu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb

Inherited from Galatians package verbatim (root). Underlies ‘redeemed’ language for the Lamb’s purchase of the saints (5:9; 14:3-4); must stay distinct from இரட்சிப்பு (broader salvation).

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: கோபாக்கினை
Transliteration: kopaakkinai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: கோபம்

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim. The judicial anger+judgment compound, used explicitly at 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15 in addition to the new ‘wrath of the Lamb’ compound below. Never bare கோபம்; never capricious/appeasable Amman-style anger.

Works

Approved rendering: கிரியைகள்
Transliteration: kiriyaigal
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: கர்மா, வினை

Inherited from Galatians package verbatim. Used in judgment-by-works passages (20:12-13; 22:12) without the law-works referent; never கர்மா/வினை karmic-action vocabulary.

Inheritance

Approved rendering: சுதந்தரம்
Transliteration: suthantharam
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: சுதந்திரம்

Inherited from Galatians/Ephesians packages verbatim. Underlies ‘the overcomer will inherit these things’ (21:7, சுதந்தரித்துக்கொள்ளுதல்); keep visually distinct from சுதந்திரம் (political freedom/independence).

Providence

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய பராமரிப்பு
Transliteration: Devanudaiya paramarippu
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ஊழ்

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Undergirds God’s sovereign governance of every judgment sequence (seals, trumpets, bowls); never ஊழ் (classical Tamil fate concept, prominent in Thirukkural).

Citizenship

Approved rendering: குடியுரிமை
Transliteration: kudiyurimai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: குடியிருப்பு

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim. Contrast term underlying ‘those who dwell on the earth’ (பூமியில் வாசம்செய்கிறவர்கள்) versus believers’ heavenly allegiance.

Suffering

Approved rendering: பாடுகள்
Transliteration: paadugal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: வினைப்பயன், தலையெழுத்து

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim. John’s own tribulation (1:9); never karmic-fruit or fate-writing vocabulary.

Confess

Approved rendering: அறிக்கை செய்தல்
Transliteration: arikkai seythal
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim. Underlies ‘I will confess his name’ (3:5); verbatim-consistent with the Romans 10:9 confession convention.

New Creation Word Family

Approved rendering: புதிய
Transliteration: puthiya
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி

Inherited from Galatians/Colossians packages verbatim (καινός word-family). Must render புதிய uniformly across every Revelation occurrence (new heaven/earth 21:1, new Jerusalem 21:2, new song 5:9/14:3, new name 2:17/3:12) matching the established புதிய சிருஷ்டி/புதிய மனுஷன் family.

Devil

Approved rendering: பிசாசு
Transliteration: pisaasu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Rejected alternatives: பேய்
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim. Identical referent to δράκων/Σατανᾶς in the same verse (12:9) — one defeated personal ruler under several titles, never a class of spirits.

Sealed Root

Approved rendering: முத்திரை
Transliteration: muthirai
Doctrine: Two Marks: The Seal of God versus the Mark of the Beast

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim (root of sealed_with_the_spirit). Reused for God’s ownership-seal on his people (5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 10:4; 20:3; 22:10). Deliberately kept lexically distinct from இலச்சினை (mark of the beast) — see new mark_of_the_beast entry.

Throne Root

Approved rendering: சிங்காசனம்
Transliteration: singaasanam
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History

Inherited from Colossians package verbatim (thrones_dominions_rulers_authorities). Reused as the book’s controlling image of absolute divine sovereignty, over 40 occurrences.

Who Is Who Was Who Is Coming

Approved rendering: இருக்கிறவரும் இருந்தவரும் வருகிறவரும்
Transliteration: irukkiravarum irunthavarum varugiravarum
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God

Divine title expressing eternal existence across past, present, and future (1:4,8; 4:8). Guards linear, personal eternality against a deity bound within recurring cosmic ages (yuga cycles).

One Seated On The Throne

Approved rendering: சிங்காசனத்தில் வீற்றிருக்கிறவர்
Transliteration: singaasanathil veetrirukkiravar
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ
Category: God

Recurring divine-title circumlocution for God (4:2,9-10; 5:1,7,13; 6:16; 7:10,15; 19:4; 20:11; 21:5). Every occurrence must render identically so Tamil readers recognize it as a fixed, repeated divine title.

Keys Of Death And Hades

Approved rendering: மரணத்திற்கும் பாதாளத்திற்கும் உரிய திறவுகோல்கள்
Transliteration: maranathirkum paathaalathirkum uriya thiravugolgal
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Hope
Original: κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ Ἅιδου
Category: Christology

Christ’s sovereign authority OVER death and Hades, grounded in his own resurrection (1:18) — never death as a cyclical station one passes through repeatedly.

Freely Water Of Life

Approved rendering: இலவசமாக / கிரயமில்லாமல்
Transliteration: ilavasamaaga / kirayamillaamal
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation

The water of life offered ‘freely, without cost’ (21:6; 22:17) on the same unmerited basis as salvation. Must be taught alongside கிருபை/ஈவு; never a reward for a vow (நேர்த்திக்கடன்).

Tree Of Life

Approved rendering: ஜீவ விருட்சம்
Transliteration: jeeva viruksham
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

The tree first lost at Eden (Genesis 3:22-24), now permanently and freely accessible (2:7; 22:2,14,19). Requires Eden/Genesis 3 background teaching.

New Heaven And New Earth

Approved rendering: புதிய வானமும் புதிய பூமியும்
Transliteration: puthiya vaanamum puthiya poomiyum
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: புதிய பரலோகமும் புதிய பூமியும்
Original: οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology

The renewed cosmos John sees (21:1). Uses வானம் (cosmological ‘sky/heavens’ paired with earth) here, NOT பரலோகம் (God’s abode). STANDING RULE: two-sense tracking for οὐρανός — வானம் cosmological, பரலோகம் theological — must be classified per occurrence before translation.

Passed Away

Approved rendering: நீங்கிப்போயின
Transliteration: neengippoyina
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἀπέρχομαι
Category: Eschatology

The first, fallen created order’s decisive, one-time ending (21:1,4). Must read as linear, one-time, terminal — directly opposing Hindu/Jain pralaya/yuga cyclical cosmology.

Tabernacle Dwell

Approved rendering: வாசம்பண்ணுதல் (verb) / கூடாரம் (noun)
Transliteration: vaasampannuthal / koodaaram
Doctrine: Tabernacling Presence of God
Rejected alternatives: கலத்தல் (merger)
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Eschatology

God’s own personal, permanent presence among his people (7:15; 21:3), echoing the OT tabernacle and John 1:14. Reuses the fullness-doctrine’s வாசம்பண்ணுதல் root — never merger vocabulary. Requires OT tabernacle background teaching.

Death Mourning Crying Pain No More

Approved rendering: மரணம், துக்கம், கூக்குரல், வேதனை (இனி இராது)
Transliteration: maranam, thukkam, kookkural, vethanai
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος
Category: Eschatology

The total, final abolition of death, grief, lament, and suffering (21:4). மரணம் (death) is the high-stakes element, connecting directly to the Critical resurrection doctrine — a one-time, permanent defeat, never a recurring transitional phase.

Thousand Years

Approved rendering: ஆயிரம் வருஷம்
Transliteration: aayiram varusham
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and the Binding of Satan
Rejected alternatives: சத்திய யுகம், ஒரு யுகம்
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology

A specific, bounded future reign of Christ (20:2-7). Must NOT be read through the Hindu Yuga framework (Satya Yuga golden-age cycles within an eternally repeating scheme); a single, linear, future, Christ-centered reign. Present interpretive options in teaching, not translation.

Reign Millennial

Approved rendering: அரசாளுதல்
Transliteration: arasaaluthal
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and the Binding of Satan
Original: βασιλεύω
Category: Eschatology

The verb describing believers reigning with Christ (5:10; 20:4,6; 22:5). Distinguished from the pagan Yuga golden-age frame — participation in a specific Christ-centered reign granted by grace.

No Temple In The City

Approved rendering: ஆலயத்தை நான் காணேன்
Transliteration: aalayathai naan kaanen
Doctrine: Tabernacling Presence of God
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: Eschatology

John’s observation that the new Jerusalem has no temple (21:22), because God’s/the Lamb’s presence fills it directly. A load-bearing doctrinal capstone in temple-dense Tamil Nadu.

Bride

Approved rendering: மணவாட்டி
Transliteration: manavaatti
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church

The eschatological people of God in covenant intimacy with Christ (19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17). Genuinely rich comparison point with Andal’s Nachiyar Tirumoli bridal-mysticism; teaching must state the referent is the CORPORATE covenant community, and her readiness rests on Christ’s finished work, not devotional merit.

Serve Latreuo

Approved rendering: ஆராதனை செய்தல்
Transliteration: aaraadhanai seythal
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship

Priestly cultic service to God (7:15; 22:3), distinct in register from προσκυνέω’s bowing-down sense. Reuses the ஆராதனை root from Colossians’ idolatry warning; here names TRUE worship-service.

Song Of Moses And The Lamb

Approved rendering: மோசேயின் பாட்டும் ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் பாட்டும்
Transliteration: moseyin paattum aattukkuttiyin paattum
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ᾆσμα Μωϋσέως καὶ τὸ ᾆσμα τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship

Old-covenant deliverance (Exodus 15) and new-covenant redemption sung as one unified song (15:3). Requires OT Exodus-deliverance teaching background.

Hallelujah

Approved rendering: அல்லேலூயா
Transliteration: alleluyaa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship

Established transliteration for ‘praise the LORD’ (19:1,3-4,6), fixed per the system prompt’s convention.

Kingdom And Priests

Approved rendering: ராஜ்யமும் ஆசாரியர்களும்
Transliteration: raajyamum aasaariyargalum
Doctrine: Priesthood of All Believers
Original: βασιλεία, ἱερεῖς
Category: Church

Every believer constituted a royal priest with direct access to God (1:6; 5:10; 20:6). ஆசாரியர் must not collide with a caste-based hereditary priesthood (பூசாரி/அர்ச்சகர்).

Idolatry

Approved rendering: விக்கிரகாராதனை
Transliteration: vikkiragaaraadhanai
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: εἰδωλολατρία / εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Sin

Direct violation of exclusive worship of God/the Lamb (2:14,20; 9:20; 21:8). Reuses the established விக்கிரகாராதனை root (Colossians); connects to Worship-of-the-Lamb doctrine by direct antithesis.

Sorcery

Approved rendering: சூனியக்காரர் / மந்திரவாதிகள்
Transliteration: sooniyakkaarar / manthiravaathigal
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακός / φαρμακεία
Category: Sin

Sorcery/magic-arts practice, named in the excluded vice-lists (9:21; 18:23; 21:8; 22:15). Render literally as a real named vice — never euphemized — since some professing believers in Tamil contexts retain folk-magic practices.

Beast

Approved rendering: மிருகம்
Transliteration: mirugam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: θηρίον
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Two symbolic-yet-real powers — from the sea (political) and the earth (false religious authority) — opposing God (ch. 13, 16-17, 19-20). Caution against domestication via Ravana-style epic multi-headed-being familiarity into entertaining legend.

Mark Of The Beast

Approved rendering: இலச்சினை
Transliteration: ilachchinai
Doctrine: Two Marks: The Seal of God versus the Mark of the Beast
Rejected alternatives: முத்திரை (reserved for God’s seal)
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Spiritual Warfare

A stamped mark of allegiance required by the beast (13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). Must use a DIFFERENT Tamil word than முத்திரை to preserve the book’s two-marks contrast.

Number Of The Beast

Approved rendering: மிருகத்தின் எண்
Transliteration: mirugathin en
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Numerology and Symbolic Numbers
Original: ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

The symbolic (likely gematria-based) number identifying the beast (13:17-18: அறுநூற்றறுபத்தாறு). High risk of being read through Tamil astrological/numerological frameworks; render literally, keep genre explanation in teaching material only.

Harlot Babylon

Approved rendering: வேசி / பாபிலோன்
Transliteration: vesi / paabilon
Doctrine: Fall of Babylon and Judgment of Worldly Systems
Original: πόρνη / Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Babylon personified as a seductive, corrupting world-system (ch. 17-18) — the deliberate narrative antithesis of the bride (ch. 19, 21-22); must be taught as a structural pairing, not conflated or left unexplained.

Judgment

Approved rendering: நியாயத்தீர்ப்பு / நியாயந்தீர்த்தல்
Transliteration: niyaayatheerppu / niyaayantheerthal
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: κρίσις / κρίνω
Category: Judgment

God’s final, righteous verdict, culminating at the great white throne (14:7; 16:7; 18:10; 19:2; 20:4,12-13). Standard established Tamil Bible juridical vocabulary.

Great White Throne

Approved rendering: பெரிய வெண்மையான சிங்காசனம்
Transliteration: periya venmaiyaana singaasanam
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Second Death
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Judgment

The final, absolute tribunal of judgment (20:11). White signals purity/justice, not the Tamil funeral/mourning association — a teaching-note matter.

Wrath Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: ஆட்டுக்குட்டியின் கோபாக்கினை
Transliteration: aattukkuttiyin kopaakkinai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment

The deliberate paradox that the gentle, slain Lamb is also the righteous Judge (6:16-17). Reuses established கோபாக்கினை — judicial, non-capricious; both truths must be taught together.

Testimony

Approved rendering: சாட்சி
Transliteration: saatchi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance

John’s own suffering-for-testimony launches the persecution theme (1:9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 20:4). Keep the neutral legal-relational sense; for those killed for testimony, use a descriptive phrase, not a separate ‘martyr’ noun.

Perseverance

Approved rendering: நிலைத்திருத்தல்
Transliteration: nilaithirthal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: தவம், துறவு
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance

Patient, faithful endurance under pressure (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12). Must never be read as தவம்-style merit-earning ascetic endurance; Spirit-enabled, hope-grounded.

Overcome

Approved rendering: ஜெயங்கொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: jeyangolluthal
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: νικάω
Category: Assurance

The refrain of the seven letters and the whole book’s victory theology (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7). Consistently taught as DERIVATIVE victory (through 12:11’s blood-and-testimony formula), never Siddhar-style self-attained mastery or karma-merit accomplishment.

Keep Commandments And Faith Of Jesus

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய கற்பனைகளையும் இயேசுவின் விசுவாசத்தையும் கைக்கொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya karpanaigalaiyum Yesuvin vishvaasathaiyum kaikkolluthal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: τηρέω τὰς ἐντολὰς τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν πίστιν Ἰησοῦ
Category: Perseverance

The book’s working definition of faithful endurance (12:17; 14:12). Reuses established விசுவாசம்.

Two Witnesses

Approved rendering: இரண்டு சாட்சிகள்
Transliteration: irandu saatchigal
Doctrine: Two Witnesses and Prophetic Testimony
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance

Two prophetic figures who testify faithfully to death and are vindicated by resurrection (11:3-13) — a compressed enactment of the persecution-then-vindication pattern.

Repent

Approved rendering: மனந்திரும்புதல்
Transliteration: mananthirumbuthal
Doctrine: Call to Repentance amid Judgment
Rejected alternatives: தவம், பரிகாரம்
Original: μετανοέω / μετάνοια
Category: Perseverance

The call to turn back to God, repeated across the seven letters (2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19) and amid the trumpet judgments (9:20-21; 16:9,11). Never karma-mitigating ritual or merit-generating penance; Spirit-enabled, grace-grounded.

Those Who Dwell On The Earth

Approved rendering: பூமியில் வாசம்செய்கிறவர்கள்
Transliteration: poomiyil vaasamseygiravargal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
Category: Perseverance

A recurring contrast-phrase (6:10; 8:13; 11:10; 13:8,14; 17:2,8) for humanity in unbelieving allegiance, opposite believers’ heavenly citizenship.

Covenant Ark

Approved rendering: உடன்படிக்கைப் பெட்டகம்
Transliteration: udanpadikkai pettagam
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant

The OT covenant-presence symbol revealed in the heavenly temple (11:19). Reuses established உடன்படிக்கை; strong OT-literacy dependency.

Synagogue Of Satan

Approved rendering: சாத்தானின் ஜெப ஆலயம்
Transliteration: saathaanin jeba aalayam
Doctrine: Letters to the Seven Churches
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Perseverance

A specific local group of opponents at Smyrna/Philadelphia (2:9; 3:9), not a blanket statement about Jewish people or the synagogue as an institution. Teaching notes must make the historically specific referent explicit.

Binding Of Satan

Approved rendering: கட்டுதல்
Transliteration: kattuthal
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and the Binding of Satan
Original: δέω
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Satan’s temporary restraint under God’s sovereign, judicial control (20:2-3). Must be taught as the Almighty’s own unrepeatable, non-ritual, sovereign judicial act — not a replicable folk-exorcism technique (மந்திரவாதி பேய் கட்டுதல்) nor a contest between equal cosmic forces.

Hundred Forty Four Thousand

Approved rendering: ஒரு லட்சத்து நாற்பத்து நாலாயிரம்
Transliteration: oru latchathu naarpathu naalaayiram
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Numerology and Symbolic Numbers
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

The sealed, symbolic number of the redeemed (7:4-8; 14:1). Distinguish the debated referent as an interpretive question for teaching, not settled by translation; high risk of Tamil astrological-numerological misreading without genre guidance.

Incense Prayers Of Saints

Approved rendering: தூபங்கள்; பரிசுத்தவான்களின் ஜெபங்கள்
Transliteration: thoobangal; parisuthavaankalin jebangal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θυμιάματα / προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship

The prayers of God’s persecuted people offered as heavenly incense that precipitates judgment (8:3-5; 5:8). The saints’ prayers matter causally within God’s sovereign governance of history.

Image Of The Beast

Approved rendering: மிருகத்தின் சிலை
Transliteration: mirugathin silai
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: மிருகத்தின் தற்சுரூபம் (தற்சுரூபம் reserved for Christ’s exact divine image, Colossians 1:15)

NEW: the beast’s image that speaks and demands worship (13:14-15; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). Unlike தற்சுரூபம் (reserved exclusively for Christ as God’s exact image), சிலை (statue/idol-image) is correctly and deliberately used here because this genuinely is an idolatrous cult image — the antithesis of the true worship object. Keep lexically and doctrinally distinct from தற்சுரூபம்.

Great Tribulation

Approved rendering: மகா உபத்திரவம்
Transliteration: magaa upathiravam
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution

NEW: ‘the great tribulation’ out of which the white-robed multitude has come (7:14). Reuses the உபத்திரவம் root already established in the Colossians package (filling_up_christs_afflictions); connects directly to this book’s central persecution-then-vindication pattern.

Seven Spirits Of God

Approved rendering: ஏழு ஆவிகள்
Transliteration: yezhu aavigal
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ஏழு தேவதைகள், ஏழு ஆவிக்குரிய சக்திகள்

NEW: the sevenfold, symbolically-complete fullness of the one Holy Spirit before God’s throne (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6), not seven separate spirit-beings. This must be taught explicitly given Tamil folk religion’s dense taxonomy of multiple spirits (பேய், முனி, மோகினி) and the risk that ‘seven spirits’ could otherwise be heard as seven distinct minor deities or attendant spirits. Never சக்தி-compounds.

Faithful And True

Approved rendering: உண்மையும் சத்தியமுமானவர்
Transliteration: unmaiyum sathiyamumaanavar
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ

NEW: Christ’s title at 3:14 and 19:11 (ὁ πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός). Combines the two distinct terms already separately analyzed for 21:5 (உண்மையும் நிச்சயமுமான for πιστός describing God’s words, and சத்தியமான for ἀληθινός) into a fixed Christological title; cross-reference all three occurrences (3:14; 19:11; 21:5) for consistency.

Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: சபை
Transliteration: sabai
Doctrine: Letters to the Seven Churches
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Addressed in the seven letters (ch. 1-3) and named again in the closing benediction (22:16).

Love

Approved rendering: அன்பு
Transliteration: anbu
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி, காதல்

Inherited from Galatians package verbatim. Ephesus’s lost ‘first love’ (2:4) and the overcomers who ‘loved not their lives even unto death’ (12:11).

Servants Of Christ

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய ஊழியர்கள்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya oozhiyargal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: அடியார்

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim (ஊழியக்காரர் root), adapted with the established Devanudaiya-plus-servant pattern for δοῦλοι throughout Revelation (1:1; 7:3; 19:2,5; 22:3,6). NEVER அடியார் (Shaiva devotee-servant title).

Pastor Shepherd Root

Approved rendering: மேய்த்தல்
Transliteration: meyththal
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: குரு

Inherited from Ephesians package verbatim (மேய்ப்பர் root). The Lamb himself will ‘shepherd’ the redeemed (7:17) — a deliberate Lamb-as-Shepherd paradox; never குரு.

Dogs Precedent

Approved rendering: நாய்கள்
Transliteration: naaykal
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth

Inherited from Philippians package precedent (dogs_evil_workers_the_mutilation). Reused at Rev 22:15’s exclusion list; referent must stay unambiguous (named vices) so it is never read as a slur on a present-day community or caste group.

Rejoice

Approved rendering: சந்தோஷப்படுதல்
Transliteration: santhoshappaduthal
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil

Inherited from Philippians package verbatim. Heaven’s rejoicing over Babylon’s fall (12:12; 18:20) and at the marriage of the Lamb (19:7).

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: மனுஷகுமாரன்
Transliteration: manushakumaaran
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

Christological title from Daniel 7:13 (1:13). Kept lexically distinct from தேவனுடைய குமாரன் (Son of God) — different Christological emphases (humanity/authority-to-judge vs. eternal deity).

Lion Of Judah Root Of David

Approved rendering: யூதா கோத்திரத்தின் சிங்கம்; தாவீதின் வேர்
Transliteration: yootha kothirathin singam; thaaveethin ver
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα, ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Christology

Messianic titles (5:5) rooted in Genesis 49:9-10 and Isaiah 11:1,10, introducing the paradoxical reveal that the conquering Lion is the slain Lamb. Requires OT-literacy teaching note.

Rod Of Iron

Approved rendering: இருப்புத் தண்டு
Transliteration: iruppu thandu
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ῥάβδος σιδηρᾶ
Category: Eschatology

The Messiah’s rod/scepter of iron (12:5; 19:15), echoing Psalm 2:9’s unbreakable messianic reign.

Eternal Gospel

Approved rendering: நித்திய சுவிசேஷம்
Transliteration: niththiya suvisesham
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Redeemed
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation

The gospel proclaimed with final urgency at the hour of judgment (14:6) — one gospel valid for all time. நித்திய maintains the pipeline’s linear-not-cyclical time thread.

Water Of Life

Approved rendering: ஜீவத் தண்ணீரின் ஊற்று / நதி
Transliteration: jeevath thanneerin ootru / nathi
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πηγή / ποταμὸς ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

The inexhaustible, freely given source of eternal life flowing from God’s throne (7:17; 21:6; 22:1,17). Anchors to salvation/new-creation vocabulary, never ritual bathing (தீர்த்தம் framing).

New Jerusalem

Approved rendering: புதிய எருசலேம்
Transliteration: puthiya erusalem
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology

The eschatological, descended dwelling-city of God with his people (21:2,10; 3:12). Cross-reference with Galatians’ established மேலான எருசலேம் (Jerusalem above, Gal 4:26) — same referent, two aspects; teach as connected, not two cities.

Making All Things New

Approved rendering: சகலத்தையும் புதிதாக்குகிறேன்
Transliteration: sagalathaiyum puthithaakkugiren
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποιῶ καινὰ πάντα
Category: Eschatology

God’s present-tense declaration (21:5). Preserve the present tense as an ongoing act, not a completed past — continuously, actively renewing, not a deist withdrawal.

Worthy

Approved rendering: தகுதியுள்ளவர்
Transliteration: thaguthiyullavar
Doctrine: Deity and Sacrificial Worthiness of Christ
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship

The Lamb’s worthiness to open the scroll and receive worship, grounded in his accomplished redemptive death (5:2,4,9,12; 4:11). தகுதி (worth/merit) is doctrinally APPROPRIATE here — unlike its rejection elsewhere for human self-righteousness (சுயநீதி) — Christ’s worthiness is real, achieved merit through his atoning death. This asymmetry must be explicitly taught.

New Song

Approved rendering: புதிய பாட்டு
Transliteration: puthiya paattu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship

Worship befitting the new redemptive act accomplished by the Lamb (5:9; 14:3). Reuses established புதிய root.

Holy Holy Holy

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தர், பரிசுத்தர், பரிசுத்தர்
Transliteration: parisuthar, parisuthar, parisuthar
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος
Category: Worship

The thrice-holy doxology of the four living creatures (4:8), echoing Isaiah 6:3. Requires an Isaiah 6 cross-reference teaching note.

Satan

Approved rendering: சாத்தான்
Transliteration: saathaan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Proper name of the arch-adversary (2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2,7), synonymous with devil/dragon/ancient serpent in the same verses — one defeated adversary under several names, never a class of spirits.

Accuser

Approved rendering: குற்றம்சாட்டுகிறவன்
Transliteration: kuttramsaattugiravan
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: κατήγορος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Satan’s characteristic activity of legal accusation against the saints (12:10), answered by Christ’s intercession and the blood of the Lamb.

Blasphemy

Approved rendering: தூஷணம்
Transliteration: thooshanam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: βλασφημία
Category: Sin

The beast’s claim to divine honors (13:1,5-6; 17:3) — a direct assault on exclusive worship of God.

Fornication Spiritual Adultery

Approved rendering: வேசித்தனம் / சோரம் செய்தல்
Transliteration: vesithanam / soram seythal
Doctrine: Fall of Babylon and Judgment of Worldly Systems
Original: πορνεύω / πορνεία
Category: Sin

Symbolic language for covenant-unfaithfulness and idolatrous political alliance (2:20-21; 17:2; 18:3,9; 19:2).

Wrath Thymos

Approved rendering: உக்கிரகோபம்
Transliteration: ukkiragopam
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θυμός
Category: Judgment

God’s passionate, burning fury (θυμός, distinct from ὀργή/கோபாக்கினை) against persistent idolatry (14:8,10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 18:3; 19:15). Kept lexically distinct from கோபாக்கினை while taught as the SAME righteous, non-capricious divine anger — never appeasable Amman-style anger.

Souls Of The Slain

Approved rendering: ஆத்துமாக்கள்
Transliteration: aaththumaakkal
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Hope
Original: ψυχαί
Category: Judgment

The souls of martyrs under the heavenly altar, consciously present with God (6:9; 20:4). Must be taught as awaiting bodily resurrection, never an intermediate rebirth-cycle waiting-state.

How Long O Lord

Approved rendering: எதுவரைக்கும் ஆண்டவரே
Transliteration: ethuvaraikkum aandavare
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἕως πότε
Category: Judgment

The martyrs’ cry for divine vindication (6:10), grounding the doctrine that God’s justice, though delayed, is certain.

Winepress Of The Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய உக்கிரகோபத்தின் ஆலை
Transliteration: Devanudaiya ukkiragopathin aalai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment

Vivid final-judgment imagery of judgment as crushing (14:19-20; 19:15). Standard agrarian imagery, culturally legible in Tamil Nadu.

It Is Done

Approved rendering: ஆயிற்று / நிறைவேறிற்று
Transliteration: aayitru / niraivetritru
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γέγοναν
Category: Sovereignty

The perfect-tense declaration that the consummation is accomplished (16:17; 21:6), echoing ‘It is finished’ (John 19:30). Preserve the completed-act-with-abiding-result force.

No More Delay

Approved rendering: இனிமேல் தாமதம் இராது
Transliteration: inimel thaamatham iraathu
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: χρόνος οὐκέτι ἔσται
Category: Sovereignty

God’s fixed and certain timetable for history’s consummation (10:6). God-determined, certain timing, not an astrologically-calculated auspicious moment.

Abyss

Approved rendering: பாதாளம்
Transliteration: paathaalam
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

The place of confinement for demonic powers, entirely under God’s sovereign control (9:1; 20:1). Incidentally resonates with Pātāla-loka; must be taught strictly as divine confinement, never an independent mythological realm.

Armageddon

Approved rendering: அர்மகெதோன்
Transliteration: armagedhon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

The symbolic gathering-place of hostile powers for judgment (16:16). Mainly a teaching risk (pop-culture ‘apocalyptic battle’ associations), not lexical.

Sea No More

Approved rendering: கடல்
Transliteration: kadal
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Eschatology

‘The sea was no more’ (21:1); symbolically loaded given 13:1’s beast-from-the-sea. Present both literal and symbolic interpretive options in teaching; do not resolve in translation.

Living Creatures

Approved rendering: ஜீவன்கள்
Transliteration: jeevangal
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα
Category: Worship

Heavenly worshiping beings (Ezekiel 1/Isaiah 6 imagery, 4:6-9; 5:6,8,14; 6:1-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4). Not to be confused with the generic Tamil word for ordinary animals.

Elders Twenty Four

Approved rendering: மூப்பர்கள்
Transliteration: mooppargal
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship

Twenty-four enthroned figures (4:4,10; 5:5-14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4). Present interpretive options in teaching, not settled in translation.

Crown And Diadem

Approved rendering: கிரீடம் (στέφανος) / ராஜ கிரீடம் (διάδημα)
Transliteration: kireedam / raaja kireedam
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: στέφανος / διάδημα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Keep the two Greek words lexically distinct: victor’s crown for the redeemed (2:10; 3:11; 4:4,10) versus the contested royal diadem of Christ/dragon/beast (12:3; 13:1; 19:12).

White Robes

Approved rendering: வெள்ளை அங்கிகள்
Transliteration: vellai angigal
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: στολαὶ λευκαί
Category: Church

Purity, victory, priestly/festal standing (6:11; 7:9,13-14). Cultural note: white carries mourning associations in Tamil funeral custom, opposite of the biblical sense here — teaching-note matter only.

Key Of David

Approved rendering: தாவீதின் திறவுகோல்
Transliteration: thaaveethin thiravugol
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: κλεῖς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology

Christ’s messianic authority to open/shut, echoing Isaiah 22:22 (3:7).

War In Heaven

Approved rendering: வானத்தில் யுத்தம் / மிக்கேல்
Transliteration: vaanathil yutham / mikkel
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child
Original: πόλεμος ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ / Μιχαήλ
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Angelic conflict resulting in Satan’s expulsion (12:7-9). Note οὐρανός here likely functions in the cosmological/visionary sense rather than the theological பரலோகம் — flag for review.

Blessed Beatitude

Approved rendering: ஆசீர்வதிக்கப்பட்டவர் / பாக்கியவான்
Transliteration: aaseervathikkappattavar / paakkiyavaan
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: μακάριος
Category: Faith

The structuring beatitude formula used seven times (1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7,14), paralleling the Sermon on the Mount’s beatitudes.

Add To Or Take Away

Approved rendering: சேர்த்தல் / எடுத்துப்போடுதல்
Transliteration: serthal / eduthuppoduthal
Doctrine: Inspiration and the Closed Canon of Prophecy
Original: προστίθημι / ἀφαιρέω
Category: Scripture

A canonical-integrity warning against adding to or taking from the words of this prophecy (22:18-19).

Sea Of Glass

Approved rendering: பளிங்குக் கடல்
Transliteration: palingu kadal
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη
Category: Worship

The glass-like sea before God’s throne (4:6; 15:2). Keep distinct from the symbolically-charged ‘sea’ of 21:1 and 13:1 — three related but distinct symbolic uses of θάλασσα.

Four Horsemen

Approved rendering: வெள்ளை/சிவப்பு/கறுப்பு/பச்சைக் குதிரை
Transliteration: vellai/sivappu/karuppu/pachchai kuthirai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἵππος λευκός/πυρρός/μέλας/χλωρός
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Symbolic agents of conquest, war, famine, and death (6:1-8), unleashed only as the Lamb opens each seal — teaching must keep the Sovereignty-of-God frame visible.

Trumpet

Approved rendering: எக்காளம்
Transliteration: ekkaalam
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Judgment

Announces successive stages of God’s judgment (8:2-13; 9:1,13-14; 11:15). Standard, low-collision Tamil Bible term.

White Stone New Name

Approved rendering: வெண்மையான கல்; புதிய நாமம்
Transliteration: venmaiyaana kal; puthiya naamam
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ψῆφος λευκή, ὄνομα καινόν
Category: Eschatology

A white stone with a new name known only to the recipient (2:17), signifying personal, secure identity given by Christ. Present interpretive options in teaching.

Great Multitude

Approved rendering: திரளான மக்கள்
Transliteration: thiralaana makkal
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Redeemed
Original: ὄχλος πολύς
Category: Church

The full, uncountable number of the redeemed from every nation, tribe, people, and language (7:9-10). Retain unqualified universality.

Virgins Chaste

Approved rendering: கன்னியர்
Transliteration: kanniyar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: παρθένοι
Category: Discipleship

The 144,000 described as chaste/undefiled (14:4). Positive resonance with Tamil கற்பு (chastity/moral integrity) ethical tradition; teach spiritual-fidelity sense over literal celibacy.

Harvest And Sickle

Approved rendering: அறுவடை; அரிவாள்
Transliteration: aruvadai; arivaal
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θερισμός, δρέπανον
Category: Judgment

Vivid final-judgment imagery of ingathering and crushing (14:14-20; 19:15). Standard agrarian imagery, culturally legible in Tamil Nadu.

Fall Of Babylon Merchants

Approved rendering: பாழாதல் / விழுதல்; வர்த்தகம் / வர்த்தகர்கள்
Transliteration: paazhaathal / vizhuthal; varthagam / varthagargal
Doctrine: Fall of Babylon and Judgment of Worldly Systems
Original: πτῶσις; ἐμπόριον, ἔμποροι
Category: Judgment

The certain, sudden collapse of the world-system opposed to God (18:2), including judgment on exploitative economic systems (18:11-23).

Locusts And Apollyon

Approved rendering: கடிக்கும் புழு வகைகள்; அப்பொல்லியோன் (அழிக்கிறவன்)
Transliteration: kadikkum puzhu vagaigal; appolliyon (azhikkiravan)
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες; Ἀπολλύων/Ἀβαδδών
Category: Spiritual Warfare

The demonic locust-army and its named angelic ruler, released under God’s sovereign permission (9:1-11), echoing Exodus 10’s plague. Transliterate the ruler’s name with a meaning-gloss.

Altar Heavenly

Approved rendering: பலிபீடம்
Transliteration: palipeedam
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Worship

The heavenly altar beneath which the souls of the slain cry for vindication (6:9) and from which incense/prayer ascends (8:3,5). Reuses established பலி root.

Low Risk Terms

Hidden Manna

Approved rendering: மான்னா
Transliteration: maannaa
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: μάννα
Category: Eschatology

The hidden manna promised to the overcomer at Pergamum (2:17). Transliteration; Exodus 16 background recommended.

Firstfruits

Approved rendering: முதற்பலன்
Transliteration: muthar-palan
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology

The redeemed as firstfruits belonging wholly to God (14:4). Established Tamil OT sacrificial-offering term.

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