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Core Glossary

English → Tamil | Philippians | Full-book coverage (chapters 1-4)

Curriculum: Philippians Generated: 2026-07-08 (regenerated for full-book coverage; supersedes the 2026-07-07 core-passage-only version) Language baseline: Tamil Romans Language Package — inherited terms are used exactly as recorded in language-packages/tamil/translation_memory.json and are marked [baseline] below. Terms newly seeded by this curriculum are marked [new].

Every term in this glossary is seeded into translation_memory.json (Step 9). Doctrine risk tiers follow the four-tier convention of the Tamil Romans package (Critical / High / Medium / Low). Tables are organized by chapter to demonstrate full-book coverage; every chapter of Philippians contributes new terms — none is silently skipped.

Chapter 1 (Philippians 1:1-30)

#	English	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	Contextual theological meaning	Tamil rendering	Risk	Status
1	servants of Christ Jesus	δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	douloi Christou Iēsou	slaves of Christ	bond-servants	Paul and Timothy’s self-designation (1:1); echoes 2:7’s δούλου	கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவின் ஊழியக்காரர்	Medium	[new]
2	overseers	ἐπίσκοποι	episkopoi	those watching over	overseers, bishops	Congregational leaders addressed in 1:1	கண்காணிகள்	Medium	[new]
3	deacons	διάκονοι	diakonoi	servants, ministers	deacons	Serving officers addressed in 1:1	உதவிக்காரர்கள்	Medium	[new]
4	partnership in the gospel	κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον	koinōnia eis to euangelion	fellowship into the gospel	active shared investment	The Philippians’ partnership with Paul from the first day (1:5)	சுவிசேஷத்தில் ஐக்கியப் பங்கு	Low	[new]
5	God completes the good work	ὁ ἐναρξάμενος … ἐπιτελέσει	ho enarxamenos … epitelesei	he who began will complete	assurance of divine follow-through	God’s own faithfulness to finish what he started (1:6)	நற்செயலைத் தொடங்கியவர் அதை நிறைவேற்றுவார்	High	[new]
6	affection (of Christ)	σπλάγχνα Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	splanchna Christou Iēsou	inward parts/bowels	deep, visceral affection	Paul’s yearning for the Philippians (1:8)	வாஞ்சை (கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவின்)	Medium	[new]
7	knowledge and discernment	ἐπίγνωσις καὶ πᾶσα αἴσθησις	epignōsis kai pasa aisthēsis	full knowledge and all perception	moral/spiritual insight	Love that discerns what is excellent (1:9-10)	அறிவும் பகுத்தறிதலும்	Medium	[new]
8	fruit of righteousness	καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης	karpon dikaiosynēs	fruit of righteousness	ethical fruit flowing from received righteousness	Produced through Jesus Christ (1:11)	நீதியின் கனி	High	[new]
9	advance of the gospel	προκοπὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	prokopē tou euangeliou	progress of the gospel	strategic gospel advance	Paul’s imprisonment reframed as gospel progress (1:12)	சுவிசேஷத்தின் முன்னேற்றம்	Medium	[new]
10	envy and rivalry	φθόνος καὶ ἔρις	phthonos kai eris	envy and strife	impure motives in preaching	Some preach Christ from rivalry (1:15)	பொறாமையும் வாதமும்	Medium	[new]
11	supply of the Spirit	ἐπιχορηγία τοῦ πνεύματος	epichorēgia tou pneumatos	the supply of the Spirit	the Spirit’s personal provision	Grounds of Paul’s confidence of deliverance (1:19)	பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவரின் உதவி	Medium	[new]
12	to live is Christ, to die is gain	τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος	to zēn Christos kai to apothanein kerdos	to live, Christ; to die, gain	Christ as the definition of both life and death	Paul’s personal confession (1:21)	எனக்கு உயிரோடிருப்பது கிறிஸ்து, மரிப்பதோ ஆதாயம்	High	[new]
13	depart and be with Christ	ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι	analysai kai syn Christō einai	to depart and be with Christ	immediate conscious fellowship with Christ after death	”Far better” than remaining (1:23)	அனாலிட்டு கிறிஸ்துவுடன் இருக்க	High	[new]
14	conduct yourselves as citizens	πολιτεύεσθε	politeuesthe	live as a citizen	civic-allegiance conduct	Verb form of πολίτευμα (3:20); “worthy of the gospel” (1:27)	குடிமக்களாக நடந்துகொள்ளுங்கள்	High	[new]
15	standing firm, striving together	στήκετε … συναθλοῦντες	stēkete … synathlountes	standing … contending together	unified, collective struggle	One spirit, one soul, contending for the gospel (1:27)	ஒரே ஆவியில் உறுதியாய் நின்று சேர்ந்து போராடி	Medium	[new]
16	suffering granted (as grace)	ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πάσχειν	echaristhē to hyper Christou paschein	it was graced to suffer for Christ	suffering as gift, not karmic debt	The letter’s first occurrence of the suffering-as-gift doctrine (1:29)	கிறிஸ்துவுக்காக பாடுபடுவது கிருபையாக அளிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது	Critical	[new]

Chapter 2 (Philippians 2:1-30)

A. Ground of the hymn (2:1-4)

#	English	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Contextual theological meaning	Tamil rendering	Risk	Status
17	fellowship of the Spirit	κοινωνία πνεύματος	koinōnia pneumatos	participation of the Spirit	Shared life in the Spirit as basis for unity (2:1)	ஆவியானவருடைய ஐக்கியம்	Medium	[new]
18	selfish ambition / empty conceit	ἐριθεία ἢ κενοδοξία	eritheia ē kenodoxia	factional self-seeking or empty glory	Attitudes forbidden; opposite of the hymn’s self-emptying (2:3)	சுயநலமும் வீண்பெருமையும்	High	[new]
19	consider others more significant	ἀλλήλους ἡγούμενοι ὑπερέχοντας ἑαυτῶν	allēlous hēgoumenoi hyperechontas heautōn	esteeming one another above self	Ethical command grounded Christologically in 2:5-11 (2:3)	மற்றவர்களைத் தங்களிலும் மேன்மையானவர்களாக எண்ணுதல்	High	[new]
20	mind of Christ	φρόνει (τοῦτο φρονεῖτε)	phronei	mindset/disposition	Signature Philippians word (2:2 twice, 2:5); baseline term reused across the letter	சிந்தை	High	[new] (uses baseline pattern of φρονέω from prior draft)

B. The Christ hymn (2:5-11)

#	English	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Frequency	Tamil rendering	Risk	Status
21	mind / attitude (of Christ)	φρονέω	phroneō	to think, set the mind	think, be minded, have an attitude	mind, attitude, mindset	The settled disposition of Christ (self-emptying humility) that believers are commanded to adopt	26x NT, ~10x Philippians	சிந்தை	High	[new]
22	form (of God)	μορφή	morphē	form expressing nature	essential form, outward expression of inner being	form, nature	Christ’s eternal possession of the divine nature	3x NT (2 here, Mark 16:12)	ரூபம் (கடவுளுடைய ரூபம்)	Critical	[new]
23	equality with God	ἴσα θεῷ	isa theō	equal things with God	equality, being on equal terms	equality with God	Christ’s possessed (not aspired-to) equality with God	phrase, here only	கடவுளுக்குச் சமமாயிருத்தல்	Critical	[new]
24	thing to be grasped	ἁρπαγμός	harpagmos	act/object of seizing	robbery; prize; something exploited	thing to be grasped, exploited	Equality with God not leveraged for self-advantage	1x NT (hapax)	பற்றிக்கொள்ள வேண்டிய பொருள் (trad. கொள்ளையாடின பொருள்)	High	[new]
25	emptied (himself)	κενόω	kenoō	to empty, make void	empty; nullify; make of no effect	emptied, made nothing	The kenosis: self-humbling by taking servant-form, without loss of deity	5x NT	தம்மைத் தாமே வெறுமையாக்கினார்	Critical	[new]
26	servant / slave	δοῦλος	doulos	slave	slave, bond-servant	servant, slave, bondservant	The lowest social form Christ freely assumed	124x NT	அடிமை (அடிமையின் ரூபம்)	High	[new]
27	likeness (of men)	ὁμοίωμα	homoiōma	likeness, resemblance	likeness, form, similarity	likeness, resemblance	Christ’s real humanity, without ceasing to be God, without sin	6x NT	மனித சாயல்	Critical	[new]
28	appearance / fashion	σχῆμα	schēma	outward appearance	fashion, bearing, external aspect	appearance, form	What observers saw: a genuine man	2x NT	தோற்றம்	Medium	[new]
29	humbled (himself)	ταπεινόω	tapeinoō	to lower, humble	humble, abase, make low	humbled, lowered	Voluntary self-lowering — the hymn’s ethical center	14x NT	தம்மைத் தாழ்த்தினார்	High	[new]
30	humility	ταπεινοφροσύνη	tapeinophrosynē	lowliness of mind	humility, modesty	humility, lowliness	Regarding others above self, from security in Christ (2:3)	7x NT	மனத்தாழ்மை	High	[new]
31	obedient (unto death)	ὑπήκοος	hypēkoos	listening under	obedient, submissive	obedient	Christ’s filial obedience to the Father, extending to death	3x NT	மரணபரியந்தம் கீழ்ப்படிதல்	High	[new]
32	cross	σταυρός	stauros	stake, cross	cross, execution stake	cross	The shame-laden instrument of Christ’s death, the hymn’s lowest point	27x NT	சிலுவை	Medium	[new]
33	highly exalted	ὑπερυψόω	hyperypsoō	to exalt above	exalt supremely	highly exalted	God’s vindicating exaltation of the self-humbled Christ	1x NT (hapax)	எல்லாவற்றிற்கும் மேலாக உயர்த்தினார்	High	[new]
34	graciously gave	χαρίζομαι	charizomai	to give freely (χάρις)	grant, bestow, forgive	gave, granted, bestowed	The name bestowed as gift within the Godhead, not merit-wage	23x NT	கிருபையாக அளித்தார்	High	[new]
35	name (above every name)	ὄνομα	onoma	name	name, title, revealed identity	name	The divine name/title (κύριος) conferred on the risen Jesus	231x NT	எல்லா நாமத்திற்கும் மேலான நாமம்	Critical	[new]
36	every knee shall bow	πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ	pan gony kampsē	every knee bend	bow, kneel	every knee shall bow	Isaiah 45:23’s Yahweh-oath applied to Jesus; universal homage	Isa 45:23 quote (also Romans 14:11)	முழங்கால் யாவும் முடங்கும்	High	[new]
37	confess	ἐξομολογέω	exomologeō	acknowledge openly	confess, profess, acknowledge	confess, acknowledge	Public verbal acknowledgment that Jesus Christ is Lord	10x NT	அறிக்கை செய்தல்	High	[new]
38	Lord	κύριος	kyrios	lord, master	lord, owner, the LORD	Lord	The divine name ascribed to the risen Jesus (= Romans 10:9 confession)	717x NT	கர்த்தர்	Critical	[baseline]
39	glory	δόξα	doxa	weight, radiance	glory, honor, splendor	glory	Christ’s exaltation redounds to the Father’s glory	166x NT	மகிமை	High	[baseline]
40	Father	πατήρ	patēr	father	father	Father	God the Father, glorified in the Son’s exaltation	413x NT	பிதா	Critical	[baseline]
41	Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	Iēsous	Yahweh saves	—	Jesus	The name at which every knee bows	917x NT	இயேசு	Critical	[baseline]
42	Christ / Messiah	Χριστός	Christos	anointed one	Messiah, Christ	Christ	The Anointed One, confessed as Lord	529x NT	கிறிஸ்து (மேசியா where “Messiah”)	Critical	[baseline]
43	God	θεός	theos	God	God, deity	God	The one true God; see the God-word decision (கடவுள், never தேவன்)	1317x NT	கடவுள்	Critical	[baseline]

C. Living out the hymn (2:12-30)

#	English	Original	Transliteration	Contextual theological meaning	Tamil rendering	Risk	Status
44	work out your salvation	κατεργάζεσθε (τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν)	katergazesthe	Living out (never earning) the salvation God works within (2:12-13)	இரட்சிப்பு விளங்கும்படி செயல்படுதல் (2:13-உடன் இணைத்தே)	Critical	[new]
45	God works in you	ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν	ho energōn en hymin	The theological counterweight to 2:12; God’s own inward working (2:13)	கடவுளே உங்களில் செயல்படுகிறார்	Critical	[new]
46	fear and trembling	φόβος καὶ τρόμος	phobos kai tromos	Reverent seriousness before God’s working, not terror (2:12)	பயத்தோடும் நடுக்கத்தோடும்	Medium	[new]
47	grumbling and disputing	γογγυσμοί καὶ διαλογισμοί	gongysmoi kai dialogismoi	Behavior to avoid; echoes wilderness Israel (2:14)	முறுமுறுப்பும் தர்க்கமும்	Medium	[new]
48	blameless children / crooked generation	τέκνα θεοῦ ἄμωμα / γενεᾶ σκολιά	tekna theou amōma / genea skolia	Contrast quoting Deuteronomy 32:5 (2:15)	குற்றமற்ற பிள்ளைகள் / கோணலான சந்ததி	Medium	[new]
49	lights in the world	φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ	phōstēres en kosmō	Believers shining, holding the word of life (2:15-16)	உலகத்தில் ஒளிவிளக்குகளாக	Medium	[new]
50	poured out as a drink offering	σπένδομαι	spendomai	Paul’s possible martyrdom as libation on the Philippians’ faith-offering (2:17)	பானபலியாக ஊற்றப்படுதல்	High	[new]
51	proven character	δοκιμή	dokimē	Timothy’s tested, well-known worth (2:22)	பரீட்சிக்கப்பட்ட குணம்	Medium	[new]
52	risked his life	παραβολευσάμενος τῇ ψυχῇ	parabouleusamenos tē psychē	Epaphroditus’s costly, voluntary service (2:30)	உயிரையே பணயம் வைத்து	Medium	[new]

Chapter 3 (Philippians 3:1-21)

#	English	Original	Transliteration	Contextual theological meaning	Tamil rendering	Risk	Status
53	dogs, evil workers, the mutilation	κύνας, κακοὺς ἐργάτας, τὴν κατατομήν	kynas, kakous ergatas, tēn katatomēn	Polemic against Judaizing false teachers (3:2)	நாய்கள், பொல்லாத வேலையாட்கள், சிதைவு	Medium-High	[new]
54	confidence in the flesh	οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες	ouk en sarki pepoithotes	The renounced false-security system: ancestry, law, ritual status (3:3-4)	சரீரத்தில் நம்பிக்கை வைத்தல்	Critical	[new]
55	own righteousness	ἐμὴ δικαιοσύνη	emē dikaiosynē	Self-achieved standing under the law, renounced as loss (3:9)	சுயநீதி	High	[new]
56	righteousness from God	δικαιοσύνη ἐκ θεοῦ	dikaiosynē ek theou	The received (not achieved) righteousness, contrasted with one’s own (3:9)	கடவுளிடமிருந்து வரும் நீதி	Critical	[new]
57	righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	dikaiosynē	Right standing from God on the basis of faith (3:9)	நீதி	Critical	[baseline]
58	faith	πίστις	pistis	Personal trust in Christ, the instrument of receiving righteousness	விசுவாசம்	High	[baseline]
59	knowing Christ	γνῶσις Χριστοῦ	gnōsis Christou	Personal, relational knowledge of Christ surpassing all gain (3:8)	கிறிஸ்துவை அறிதல்	High	[new]
60	rubbish	σκύβαλα	skybala	The comparative worthlessness of all gain next to Christ (3:8)	குப்பை	Low	[new]
61	conformed to his death	συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ	symmorphizomenos tō thanatō autou	Paul’s life re-enacting the hymn’s humiliation-before-exaltation shape (3:10) — a μορφή-family echo	அவருடைய மரணத்திற்கு ஒப்பாக்கப்படுதல்	High	[new]
62	resurrection (out-resurrection)	ἀνάστασις / ἐξανάστασις	anastasis / exanastasis	The power of his resurrection; the out-resurrection from the dead (3:10-11)	உயிர்த்தெழுதல்	Critical	[baseline]
63	not yet perfected, pressing on	οὔπω τετελείωμαι, διώκω	oupō teteleiōmai, diōkō	Explicit denial of present attainment; athletic forward effort (3:12-13)	இன்னும் பூரணமாகவில்லை, தொடர்ந்து ஓடுகிறேன்	High	[new]
64	mature / perfect	τέλειος	teleios	Relative maturity for those still pressing on, not final attainment (3:15)	முதிர்ச்சியடைந்தோர்	High	[new]
65	upward call	ἄνω κλῆσις	anō klēsis	God’s heavenward call in Christ Jesus, the goal of pressing on (3:14)	பரம அழைப்பு	High	[new]
66	fellow imitators	συμμιμηταί	symmimētai	Paul as a pattern to imitate, as he imitates Christ (3:17)	உடன் பின்பற்றுவோர்	Medium	[new]
67	enemies of the cross / god is their belly	ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ / ὁ θεὸς ἡ κοιλία	echthroi tou staurou / ho theos hē koilia	Self-indulgent false teaching; opposite of heavenly-mindedness (3:18-19)	சிலுவைக்குப் பகைவர், தேவன் வயிறு	Medium-High	[new]
68	citizenship	πολίτευμα	politeuma	commonwealth, polity	குடியுரிமை	High	[new]
69	heaven	οὐρανός	ouranos	heaven, sky	God’s dwelling, source of the coming Savior; the believer’s polity	பரலோகம்	Critical
70	Savior	σωτήρ	sōtēr	rescuer, deliverer	இரட்சகர்	Critical	[new]
71	transform (our lowly body)	μετασχηματίζω / σύμμορφος	metaschēmatizō / symmorphos	Christ transforming believers’ bodies to match his glorious body — third μορφή-family occurrence (3:21)	மறுரூபமாக்குதல்	Critical	[new]

Chapter 4 (Philippians 4:1-23)

#	English	Original	Transliteration	Contextual theological meaning	Tamil rendering	Risk	Status
72	stand firm in the Lord	στήκετε ἐν κυρίῳ	stēkete en kyriō	Practical conclusion begins; echoes 1:27 (4:1)	கர்த்தருக்குள் உறுதியாய் நில்லுங்கள்	Medium	[new]
73	true companion / yokefellow	γνήσιε σύζυγε	gnēsie syzyge	Address to an unnamed co-worker asked to mediate (4:3)	உண்மையான உடன்பணியாளனே	Low	[new]
74	rejoice in the Lord always	χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ πάντοτε	chairete en kyriō pantote	The letter’s joy command reaches its emphatic climax, doubled (4:4)	கர்த்தருக்குள் எப்பொழுதும் சந்தோஷப்படுங்கள்	Medium	[new]
75	gentleness / forbearance	τὸ ἐπιεικές	to epieikes	Gracious, non-retaliatory bearing known to all (4:5)	சாந்தகுணம்	Medium	[new]
76	the Lord is near	ὁ κύριος ἐγγύς	ho kyrios engys	Both spatial presence and imminent return (4:5)	கர்த்தர் சமீபமாயிருக்கிறார்	Medium	[new]
77	do not be anxious	μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε	mēden merimnate	Explicit prohibition of anxiety, replaced by prayer (4:6)	ஒன்றுக்குங் கவலைப்படாதிருங்கள்	High	[new]
78	prayer and supplication with thanksgiving	προσευχή καὶ δέησις μετὰ εὐχαριστίας	proseuchē kai deēsis meta eucharistias	The prescribed alternative to anxiety (4:6)	ஸ்தோத்திரத்தோடு ஜெபமும் வேண்டுதலும்	Medium	[new]
79	peace of God that guards	εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ … φρουρήσει	eirēnē tou theou … phrourēsei	God’s guarding peace beyond understanding (4:7)	கடவுளுடைய சமாதானம் … காத்துக்கொள்ளும்	High	[new]
80	virtue list (“whatever is true…“)	ὅσα ἀληθῆ … ταῦτα λογίζεσθε	hosa alēthē … tauta logizesthe	Six-fold ethical list in shared moral vocabulary (4:8)	எவைகள் சத்தியமோ … இவைகளைச் சிந்தித்துக்கொண்டிருங்கள்	Low	[new]
81	contentment	αὐτάρκης	autarkēs	Christ-empowered sufficiency in any circumstance (4:11-13)	மனநிறைவு	High	[new]
82	learned the secret	μεμύημαι	memyēmai	Mystery-cult initiation language repurposed for ordinary Christian dependence (4:12)	ரகசியத்தை அறிந்திருக்கிறேன்	Medium	[new]
83	I can do all things through him	πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με	panta ischyō en tō endynamounti me	Christ-supplied strength for every circumstance (4:13)	என்னைப் பெலப்படுத்துகிற கிறிஸ்துவினாலே எல்லாவற்றையும் செய்ய முடியும்	Medium	[new]
84	giving and receiving	δόσις καὶ λῆμψις	dosis kai lēmpsis	Commercial ledger metaphor for gospel partnership (4:15)	கொடுத்தல் பெறுதல்	Medium	[new]
85	fragrant offering, acceptable sacrifice	ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή	osmē euōdias, thysia dektē	The Philippians’ gift in full OT sacrificial vocabulary (4:18)	நறுமண வாசனையான பலி	High	[new]
86	God will supply every need	πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν ὑμῶν	plērōsei pasan chreian hymōn	Climactic promise answering sacrificial giving, not a prosperity guarantee (4:19)	உங்கள் எல்லாத் தேவைகளையும் நிறைவாக்குவார்	High	[new]
87	book of life	βίβλος ζωῆς	biblos zōēs	God’s register of his people (4:3)	ஜீவ புஸ்தகம்	Medium	[new]
88	Caesar’s household	οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας	hoi ek tēs Kaisaros oikias	Believers within the imperial administration (4:22)	இராயனுடைய வீட்டார்	Low	[new]

Baseline terms reused throughout the letter (inherited, [baseline] status)

These terms occur across multiple chapters and are copied exactly from language-packages/tamil/translation_memory.json; they are not re-derived here but are cited wherever they occur in the chapter tables above and in translation_memory.json:

English	Tamil	Risk	Occurs in
gospel	சுவிசேஷம்	High	1:5, 1:7, 1:12, 1:16, 1:27, 2:22, 4:3, 4:15
grace	கிருபை	High	1:2, 1:7, 4:23
faith	விசுவாசம்	High	1:25, 1:27, 2:17, 3:9
law	நியாயப்பிரமாணம்	High	3:5, 3:6, 3:9
saints	பரிசுத்தவான்கள்	High	1:1, 4:21, 4:22
holy	பரிசுத்தம்	High	(adjectival forms)
Holy Spirit	பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்	Critical	1:19, 2:1, 3:3
power (of God)	வல்லமை	High	3:10, 3:21
peace	சமாதானம்	Medium	1:2, 4:7, 4:9
thanksgiving	ஸ்தோத்திரம்	Low	1:3, 4:6
fellowship	ஐக்கியம்	Low	1:5, 2:1, 3:10
church	சபை	Medium	4:15
Israel	இஸ்ரவேல்	Medium	3:5
calling	அழைப்பு	High	3:14
incarnation (doctrine name)	தேகதாரணம்	Critical	2:6-8 (doctrinal referent)
salvation	இரட்சிப்பு	Critical	1:19, 1:28, 2:12

Example structure entry (PRD reference format)

Original Word	Transliteration	Possible Meanings	English Variants	Doctrinal Importance
κενόω	kenoō	empty, make void, nullify	emptied, made nothing	Kenosis — the humility of Christ without loss of deity

Notes on inheritance and full-book coverage

Every [baseline] rendering above is copied exactly from language-packages/tamil/translation_memory.json (Romans package) and must not be re-derived.
Every [new] term is coined for this curriculum, consistent with the God-word decision (கடவுள், never தேவன்) and the risk-tier conventions inherited from the Romans package.
Coverage confirmation: 88 numbered terms total, drawn from all 4 chapters (Chapter 1: 16 terms; Chapter 2: 33 terms across three sub-sections; Chapter 3: 19 terms; Chapter 4: 17 terms — plus 3 additional example/baseline reference rows), plus the baseline-reuse table above. No chapter contributes zero new terms.
Terms present in the Romans package but relevant to Philippians retain their recorded Critical/High/Medium/Low tier even where Philippians usage is lighter.
The God-word decision (கடவுள், never தேவன்) governs all new coinages; see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md for the inherited-compound tension (e.g. Romans TM’s தேவனுடைய குமாரன்) and its escalation rule.

All terms in this glossary are seeded into translation_memory.json. Greek analysis detail, organized by the same chapter structure: 07_semantic_analysis.md.

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: நீதி
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Righteousness from God by Faith
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம், புண்ணியம்
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER தர்மம் (dharma — cosmic-duty connotation) or புண்ணியம் (merit). Load-bearing in Philippians 3:6-9.

Righteousness From God

Approved rendering: கடவுளிடமிருந்து வரும் நீதி
Transliteration: kadavulidamirunthu varum neethi
Doctrine: Righteousness from God by Faith
Rejected alternatives: சம்பாதித்த நீதி, தர்ம நீதி
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἐκ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Salvation

Philippians 3:9 (δικαιοσύνη ἐκ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει). The source contrast is the doctrine: FROM GOD, through faith — received, not achieved. Builds on inherited நீதி and கணக்கிடப்பட்ட நீதி. Compound uses கடவுள் per the God-word decision.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: கணக்கிடப்பட்ட நீதி
Transliteration: kanakkidapatta neethi
Doctrine: Righteousness from God by Faith
Rejected alternatives: சம்பாதித்த நீதி

Inherited from Romans package. Righteousness credited to the believer by God, NOT earned righteousness. Doctrinal backbone of Philippians 3:9.

Confidence In The Flesh

Approved rendering: சரீரத்தில் நம்பிக்கை வைத்தல்
Transliteration: sareerathil nambikkai vaithal
Doctrine: Warning Against Confidence in the Flesh
Original: οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες
Category: Salvation

Philippians 3:3-4 (οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες). Names the entire false-security system (ancestry, law-keeping, ritual status) itemized in 3:5-6 and renounced in 3:7-9. Must not be softened to generic ‘trusting physical things’ — maps directly onto Tamil caste/lineage pride (குலப் பெருமை).

Justification

Approved rendering: நீதிமானாக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: neethimanaakkappaduthal
Doctrine: Righteousness from God by Faith
Rejected alternatives: மன்னிப்பு பெறுதல்

Inherited from Romans package. Compound required for the forensic, declared-righteous sense; never abbreviate to மன்னிப்பு (forgiveness) alone. Background doctrine for Philippians 3:9’s received righteousness.

Salvation

Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பு
Transliteration: iratchippu
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out, God Working Within
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER மோட்சம் or முக்தி — Hindu liberation from the rebirth cycle. In Philippians: 1:19, 1:28; and 2:12’s ‘work out your salvation’, which must always be rendered as a unit with 2:13.

Work Out Your Salvation

Approved rendering: உங்கள் இரட்சிப்பு நிறைவேறும்படி செயல்படுங்கள் (2:13-உடன் இணைத்தே)
Transliteration: ungal iratchippu niraiverumpadi seyalpadungal
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out, God Working Within
Rejected alternatives: இரட்சிப்பைச் சம்பாதியுங்கள், இரட்சிப்பை உழைத்துப் பெறுங்கள்
Original: τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζεσθε
Category: Sanctification

Philippians 2:12 (κατεργάζεσθε). The most merit-prone sentence in the letter for a புண்ணியம்-economy audience. HARD RULE: 2:12 must never be translated, quoted, or excerpted in any segment that omits 2:13. Uses inherited இரட்சிப்பு.

God Works In You

Approved rendering: கடவுளே உங்களில் செயல்படுகிறார்
Transliteration: kadavule ungalil seyalpadugiraar
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out, God Working Within
Original: ὁ θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: Sanctification

Philippians 2:13. The theological counterweight to 2:12 — must always accompany it in the same segment.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Transformation
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐξανάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER மறுபிறவி (rebirth/reincarnation). In Philippians: the power of his resurrection (3:10) and the believer’s resurrection hope (3:11).

Transform Our Body

Approved rendering: மறுரூபமாக்குதல்
Transliteration: marurupamaakkuthal
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Transformation
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி, உருமாற்றம், புதிய உடல் பெறுதல்
Original: μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 3:21 (μετασχηματίσει). Christ will transform THIS lowly body to be like his glorious body — continuity of the person, once for all. NEVER மறுபிறவி, உருமாற்றம், or ‘receiving a new body’ phrasings. Recommended full phrasing: நம்முடைய தாழ்மையான சரீரத்தையே மறுரூபமாக்குவார்.

Lord

Approved rendering: கர்த்தர்
Transliteration: karthar
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: எஜமான்
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Established Tamil Bible term since Ziegenbalg. Philippians 2:11’s universal confession is the same confession as Romans 10:9 and must render கர்த்தர் with verbatim consistency: இயேசு கிறிஸ்து கர்த்தர்.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: தேகதாரணம்
Transliteration: dehadharanam
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: அவதாரம்
Original: — (doctrinal name for Philippians 2:6-8)
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER அவதாரம். Tamil Vaishnavism’s dasavatara devotion makes this the strongest substitution pull in the language — and Philippians 2:6-8 is where the pull is strongest in this entire pipeline.

Messiah

Approved rendering: மேசியா
Transliteration: mesiya
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Transliterated term used alongside கிறிஸ்து (Christ). ‘Christ’ appears ~37 times in Philippians as கிறிஸ்து.

Jesus

Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: established Tamil Christian standard form. The name at which every knee bows (2:10).

God

Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL, DISTINCT STRATEGY: breaks from the Tamil O.V. precedent of தேவன் (literally ‘a deva’). NEVER பரமேஸ்வரன் (Shiva epithet) or பகவான் (generic Hindu devotional ‘Lord’). Governs all new compounds in this curriculum; inherited Romans compounds recorded with தேவனுடைய are kept as recorded.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: Parisutha Aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா
Original: πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ / πνεῦμα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never பிரம்மம் (Brahman) or பரமாத்மா (universal Self). In Philippians: the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ (1:19); participation in the Spirit (2:1); worship by the Spirit of God (3:3).

Father

Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father. In Philippians: 1:2; 2:11 (‘to the glory of God the Father’); 4:20.

Form Of God

Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய ரூபம்
Transliteration: kadavuludaiya rupam
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தெய்வ உருவம், கடவுளின் தோற்றம்
Original: μορφὴ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:6 (μορφὴ θεοῦ). The form expressing the divine nature Christ eternally possesses. Pair with continuous-existence phrasing (இருந்தும்) so it reads as possessing God’s nature, not wearing an appearance. தோற்றம் rejected for 2:6 — it is the correct word for σχῆμα in 2:8 instead.

Equality With God

Approved rendering: கடவுளுக்குச் சமமாயிருத்தல்
Transliteration: kadavulukku samamaayiruthal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: கடவுளுக்குச் சமமாக ஆக விரும்புதல்
Original: ἴσα θεῷ
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:6 (ἴσα θεῷ). Christ’s POSSESSED equality with God, refused as a thing to exploit. Any rendering implying he lacked it and declined to seize it produces an Arian text; explicitly rejected.

Emptied Himself

Approved rendering: தம்மைத் தாமே வெறுமையாக்கினார்
Transliteration: thammai thaame verumaiyaakkinaar
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: சூன்யமாக்கினார், தெய்வத்தன்மையை இழந்தார், அவதரித்தார்
Original: ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:7 (ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν) — the highest-risk rendering in this curriculum. NEVER சூன்யம்-based forms; NEVER loss-of-deity phrasing; NEVER descent/avatar verbs. The emptying is BY TAKING a servant’s form: the participial clause அடிமையின் ரூபத்தை எடுத்து must stay adjacent.

Likeness Of Men

Approved rendering: மனித சாயல்
Transliteration: manitha saayal
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: மனிதனைப் போலத் தோன்றினார்
Original: ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:7 (ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων). Real, full humanity. Rejected: ‘appeared like a man’ phrasings (docetism).

Name Above Every Name

Approved rendering: எல்லா நாமத்திற்கும் மேலான நாமம்
Transliteration: ellaa naamathirkum melaana naamam
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: மந்திர நாமம்
Original: τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:9 (τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα). The bestowed divine title (கர்த்தர், v11) of the risen Jesus. No mantra framing, no repetition-power implication; homage is to the person.

Heaven

Approved rendering: பரலோகம்
Transliteration: paralogam
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: சொர்க்கம், வைகுண்டம், கைலாசம், மோட்சலோகம்
Original: οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 3:20. CRITICAL: பரலோகம் only. NEVER சொர்க்கம் (svarga), வைகுண்டம் (Vishnu’s abode), கைலாசம் (Shiva’s abode), or மோட்சலோகம் (liberation-realm).

Savior

Approved rendering: இரட்சகர்
Transliteration: iratchagar
Doctrine: Christ as Savior
Rejected alternatives: மீட்பர்
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation

Philippians 3:20 (σωτήρ). Personal rescuer awaited from heaven, carrying Isaiah 43:11’s exclusive-savior force. Cognate with inherited இரட்சிப்பு.

Suffering Granted As Grace

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவுக்காக பாடுபடுவது கிருபையாக அளிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது
Transliteration: Kiristhuvukkaaga paadupaduvathu kirupaiyaaga alikkappattirukkirathu
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πάσχειν
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 1:29 (ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πάσχειν). The letter’s first occurrence of the suffering-as-gift doctrine; the χάρις-verb marker must survive translation.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷம்
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: நல்ல செய்தி

Inherited from Romans package. Established Tamil Christian term, dating to the earliest Tamil Bible translation work (Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, 1714) and Tamil Catholic tradition before it. In Philippians: the partnership ‘in the gospel’ (1:5) uses this term ~9 times.

Grace

Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்

Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from human merit. NEVER புண்ணியம் (accumulated religious merit) or ஊழ்வினை பலன் (fruit of karmic action). In Philippians: frames the letter (1:2; 4:23) and marks suffering itself as grace-given (1:29).

Faith

Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically, the instrument of receiving righteousness from God (3:9). NEVER பக்தி (bhakti, devotional reverence).

Own Righteousness

Approved rendering: சுயநீதி
Transliteration: suya-neethi
Doctrine: Righteousness from God by Faith
Original: ἐμὴ δικαιοσύνη ἡ ἐκ νόμου
Category: Salvation

Philippians 3:9 (ἐμὴ δικαιοσύνη ἡ ἐκ νόμου). The law-based self-righteousness Paul renounces — a rejected basis of standing, not merely ‘good conduct’. Must appear paired with கடவுளிடமிருந்து வரும் நீதி wherever 3:9 is rendered.

Calling

Approved rendering: அழைப்பு
Transliteration: azhaippu
Doctrine: The Upward Call and Pressing On
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act or state of being called by God. In Philippians: the upward call of God in Christ Jesus (3:14).

Upward Call

Approved rendering: பரம அழைப்பு
Transliteration: parama azhaippu
Doctrine: The Upward Call and Pressing On
Original: ἡ ἄνω κλῆσις τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation

Philippians 3:14 (ἡ ἄνω κλῆσις). Established O.V. phrasing. Uses inherited அழைப்பு. The prize of God’s heavenward call in Christ Jesus — not ascent through spiritual stages or a ladder of attainment.

Not Yet Perfected Pressing On

Approved rendering: இன்னும் பூரணமாகவில்லை, தொடர்ந்து ஓடுகிறேன்
Transliteration: innum pooranamaagavillai, thodarnthu odugiren
Doctrine: The Upward Call and Pressing On
Original: οὐχ ὅτι ἤδη ἔλαβον ἢ ἤδη τετελείωμαι … διώκω
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:12-13. Paul’s explicit denial of present attainment, paired with intense athletic-race forward effort.

Mature Perfect

Approved rendering: முதிர்ச்சியடைந்தோர்
Transliteration: muthirchiadainthor
Doctrine: The Upward Call and Pressing On
Original: τέλειος
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:15 (τέλειος). Relative maturity, never a claimed final attainment; avoid சித்தி/attainment-register vocabulary (the Tamil Siddhar adept-mystic ideal).

Holy

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தம்
Transliteration: parisutham
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: சுத்தம்
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure.

Saints

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தவான்கள்
Transliteration: parisuthavankal
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: சாமியார், சித்தர்
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER சாமியார் or சித்தர். Applies to every believer — ‘to all the saints in Christ Jesus at Philippi’ (1:1; 4:21-22).

Sanctification

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தமாக்குதல்
Transliteration: parisuthamaakkuthal
Doctrine: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy. Frames Philippians 2:12-13 and 3:12-16 correctly: God’s work, expressed in the believer’s living.

Conformed To His Death

Approved rendering: அவருடைய மரணத்திற்கு ஒப்பாக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: avarudaiya maranathirku oppaakkappaduthal
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Transformation
Original: συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology

Philippians 3:10 (συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ). A μορφή-family echo of the hymn (2:6-7); Paul’s own life re-enacts the hymn’s shape. Not a rebirth-cycle concept — participation in Christ’s one historical death.

Peace Of God

Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய சமாதானம்
Transliteration: kadavuludaiya samadhanam
Doctrine: The Peace of God
Rejected alternatives: சாந்தி
Original: εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν φρουρήσει
Category: God

Philippians 4:7 (εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ). Uses inherited சமாதானம். NEVER சாந்தி (śānti — meditative/ritual tranquility, the om-śānti liturgical register). Given through prayer with thanksgiving; actively GUARDS (காத்துக்கொள்ளும்) heart and mind in Christ Jesus.

Do Not Be Anxious

Approved rendering: ஒன்றுக்குங் கவலைப்படாதிருங்கள்
Transliteration: ondrukkung kavalaippadaathirungal
Doctrine: The Peace of God
Original: μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:6 (μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε). Must not be taught as fatalistic resignation (தலைவிதி acceptance); the alternative offered is relational (prayer to a personal, near God), not a detachment technique.

Fellowship Of His Sufferings

Approved rendering: அவருடைய பாடுகளின் ஐக்கியம்
Transliteration: avarudaiya paadugalin aikkiyam
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: κοινωνία παθημάτων αὐτοῦ
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:10 (κοινωνία τῶν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ). Uses inherited ஐக்கியம். Shared participation with a person — not ascetic self-mortification for merit.

Law

Approved rendering: நியாயப்பிரமாணம்
Transliteration: niyayapramanam
Doctrine: Warning Against Confidence in the Flesh
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம்
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. The Mosaic law; established Tamil Bible term. NEVER தர்மம். In Philippians: the basis of Paul’s renounced self-righteousness (3:5-6, 3:9).

Sin

Approved rendering: பாவம்
Transliteration: paavam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: தீவினை

Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, distinct from தீவினை (bad karmic action). Background vocabulary for Philippians lesson material.

Glory

Approved rendering: மகிமை
Transliteration: magimai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. God’s radiant honor and presence. In Philippians: ‘to the glory of God the Father’ (2:11), Christ’s glorious body (3:21), riches in glory (4:19).

Power Of God

Approved rendering: வல்லமை
Transliteration: vallamai
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Transformation
Rejected alternatives: சக்தி
Original: δύναμις
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER சக்தி, given Tamil Nadu’s living Amman goddess traditions. In Philippians: the power of his resurrection (3:10); the power by which he subjects all things (3:21).

Providence

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய பராமரிப்பு
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Paramarippu
Doctrine: Gospel Advance Through Adversity
Rejected alternatives: ஊழ்

Inherited from Romans package (compound copied exactly as recorded there). God’s personal, purposive governance; never ஊழ் (classical Tamil fate). In Philippians: what has happened has served to advance the gospel (1:12); God completing his work (1:6); God supplying every need (4:19).

Mind Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் சிந்தை
Transliteration: Kiristhuvin sinthai
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: தியானம்
Original: φρονέω
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:5 (φρονέω). The settled disposition of Christ believers must adopt. Not a meditative state to be attained by technique; தியானம் framings rejected. The φρονέω thread (1:7; 2:2; 2:5; 3:15; 3:19; 4:2; 4:10) should stay சிந்தை-consistent.

Thing To Be Grasped

Approved rendering: பற்றிக்கொள்ள வேண்டிய பொருள்
Transliteration: patrikkolla vendiya porul
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:6 (ἁρπαγμός, NT hapax). Something to be exploited/clutched for advantage. The traditional O.V. கொள்ளையாடின பொருள் (‘plundered thing’) is acceptable in quotation.

Form Of A Servant

Approved rendering: அடிமையின் ரூபம்
Transliteration: adimaiyin rupam
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: வேலைக்காரனின் ரூபம்
Original: μορφὴ δούλου
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:7 (μορφὴ δούλου). அடிமை preserves the maximal status contrast with கடவுளுடைய ரூபம்; வேலைக்காரன் under-translates. Frame as Christ’s free choice from highest status — never sanctifying imposed servility.

Humbled Himself

Approved rendering: தம்மைத் தாமே தாழ்த்தினார்
Transliteration: thammai thaame thaazhthinaar
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: தாழ்த்தப்பட்டார்
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:8 (ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν). The reflexive, voluntary force is doctrinal: no one humbled him. Passive forms rejected.

Humility

Approved rendering: மனத்தாழ்மை
Transliteration: manathaazhmai
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Rejected alternatives: பணிவு, அடக்கம்
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:3 (ταπεινοφροσύνη). Voluntary other-regard flowing from security in Christ. பணிவு and அடக்கம் are honorable Thirukkural virtues but social-hierarchy-coded — usable as teaching bridges, not as the doctrinal term.

Selfish Ambition Empty Conceit

Approved rendering: சுயநலமும் வீண்பெருமையும்
Transliteration: suyanalamum veenperumaiyum
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Original: ἐριθεία ἢ κενοδοξία
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:3 (ἐριθεία ἢ κενοδοξία). Factional self-promotion and hollow self-glory, forbidden as the opposite of the hymn’s self-emptying pattern.

Consider Others More Significant

Approved rendering: மற்றவர்களைத் தங்களிலும் மேன்மையானவர்களாக எண்ணுதல்
Transliteration: matravargalai thangalilum menmaiyaanavargalaaga ennuthal
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Original: ἀλλήλους ἡγούμενοι ὑπερέχοντας ἑαυτῶν
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:3. In a caste-stratified honor culture, must read as a chosen posture available to every believer regardless of social rank, modeled on Christ’s free choice.

Obedience Unto Death

Approved rendering: மரணபரியந்தம் கீழ்ப்படிதல்
Transliteration: maranaparyantham keezhppadithal
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: விதிக்குக் கீழ்ப்படிதல்

Philippians 2:8 (ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου). Filial obedience to the Father as far as death — never submission to fate.

Highly Exalted

Approved rendering: எல்லாவற்றிற்கும் மேலாக உயர்த்தினார்
Transliteration: ellaavatrirkum melaaga uyarthinaar
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:9 (ὑπερύψωσεν, NT hapax). God’s vindicating exaltation — must not read as a karma-merit reward transaction.

Graciously Gave

Approved rendering: கிருபையாக அளித்தார்
Transliteration: kirupaiyaaga aliththaar
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: சம்பளமாகக் கொடுத்தார்

Philippians 2:9 (ἐχαρίσατο). The name is bestowed as gift within the Godhead’s economy; wage/reward phrasing rejected. Uses inherited கிருபை.

Every Knee Shall Bow

Approved rendering: முழங்கால் யாவும் முடங்கும்
Transliteration: muzhangaal yaavum mudangum
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology

Philippians 2:10, quoting Isaiah 45:23. Retain unqualified universality — every caste, rank, and allegiance. Translate identically to Romans 14:11.

Confess

Approved rendering: அறிக்கை செய்தல்
Transliteration: arikkai seythal
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐξομολογέω
Category: Faith

Philippians 2:11 (ἐξομολογέω). Public verbal acknowledgment: இயேசு கிறிஸ்து கர்த்தர் என்று நாவுகள் யாவும் அறிக்கை செய்யும். Must stay verbatim-consistent with the Romans package’s Romans 10:9 confession convention.

Citizenship

Approved rendering: குடியுரிமை
Transliteration: kudiyurimai
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: குடியிருப்பு
Original: πολίτευμα
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 3:20 (πολίτευμα, NT hapax). Present legal belonging and governing allegiance. Standard collocation: பரலோகக் குடியுரிமை. Identity-allegiance, never caste/community classification.

Conduct As Citizens

Approved rendering: குடிமக்களாக நடந்துகொள்ளுங்கள்
Transliteration: kudimakkalaaga nadanthukollungal
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 1:27 (πολιτεύεσθε). Verb cognate of πολίτευμα (3:20); must read consistently with குடியுரிமை as the same word-family.

Suffering

Approved rendering: பாடுகள்
Transliteration: paadugal
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: வினைப்பயன், தலையெழுத்து
Original: πάσχω / παθήματα
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 1:29; 3:10 (πάσχω/παθήματα). Suffering FOR CHRIST, granted as a grace-gift. NEVER karmic-fruit framing or fate idioms.

To Live Is Christ

Approved rendering: எனக்கு உயிரோடிருப்பது கிறிஸ்து, மரிப்பதோ ஆதாயம்
Transliteration: enakku uyirodiruppathu Kiristhu, maripatho aathaayam
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 1:21. The letter’s most quoted personal confession. ‘To die is gain’ must not be heard as release from an unwanted body (moksha-adjacent); the gain is CHRIST HIMSELF.

Depart And Be With Christ

Approved rendering: அனாலிட்டு கிறிஸ்துவுடன் இருக்க
Transliteration: analittu Kiristhuvudan irukka
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 1:23. Death as immediate, conscious, personal fellowship with Christ — not an intermediate impersonal state or a step in a rebirth cycle.

God Completes The Good Work

Approved rendering: நற்செயலைத் தொடங்கியவர் அதை நிறைவேற்றுவார்
Transliteration: narseyalai thodangiyavar athai niraiverruvaar
Doctrine: Assurance: God Completes His Work
Original: ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐπιτελέσει
Category: God

Philippians 1:6. Providence-class claim; the completing agent is God, not the believer’s accumulating effort — against the multi-lifetime uncertainty of Hindu/Jain liberation frameworks.

Fruit Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: நீதியின் கனி
Transliteration: neethiyin kani
Doctrine: Righteousness from God by Faith
Original: καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation

Philippians 1:11 (καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης). Must stay grammatically dependent on ‘through Jesus Christ’ so it is not read as self-produced righteousness.

Sacrifice Offering

Approved rendering: பலி (காணிக்கை)
Transliteration: bali (kaanikkai)
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and God’s Supply
Rejected alternatives: படையல், அபிஷேகம், நேர்த்திக்கடன்
Original: θυσία / σπένδομαι
Category: Covenant

Philippians 2:17 (drink offering) and 4:18 (fragrant, acceptable sacrifice). God-ward OT sacrificial frame only. NEVER Hindu temple offering vocabulary.

Knowing Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவை அறிதல்
Transliteration: Kiristhuvai arithal
Doctrine: The Surpassing Worth of Knowing Christ
Rejected alternatives: ஞானம்
Original: γνῶσις Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Faith

Philippians 3:8 (γνῶσις Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ). Personal, relational knowledge of a person. ஞானம் alone rejected — recasts knowing Christ as jñāna-mārga.

Contentment

Approved rendering: மனநிறைவு
Transliteration: mananiraivu
Doctrine: Contentment in Christ
Rejected alternatives: பற்றின்மை, ஆசையின்மை
Original: αὐτάρκης
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:11 (αὐτάρκης, NT hapax). Learned, Christ-supplied sufficiency in plenty AND want. NEVER பற்றின்மை or ஆசையின்மை (vairāgya-style detachment). போதுமென்ற மனம் acceptable in explanatory prose.

God Will Supply Every Need

Approved rendering: உங்கள் எல்லாத் தேவைகளையும் நிறைவாக்குவார்
Transliteration: ungal ellaa thevaikalaiyum niraivaakkuvaar
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and God’s Supply
Original: ὁ θεός μου πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν ὑμῶν κατὰ τὸ πλοῦτος αὐτοῦ ἐν δόξῃ
Category: God

Philippians 4:19. Must not be detached from its sacrificial-giving context (4:14-18) into a general prosperity-gospel guarantee.

Medium Risk Terms

Fear And Trembling

Approved rendering: பயத்தோடும் நடுக்கத்தோடும்
Transliteration: bayathodum nadukkathodum
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out, God Working Within
Original: φόβος καὶ τρόμος
Category: Sanctification

Philippians 2:12 (φόβος καὶ τρόμος). Reverent seriousness before God’s inward working — not terror of losing salvation, not propitiatory fear of an unpredictable deity.

Peace

Approved rendering: சமாதானம்
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: The Peace of God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Relational peace from God, not merely psychological calm. In Philippians see also peace_of_god (4:7) for the சாந்தி hazard.

Prayer Supplication Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ஸ்தோத்திரத்தோடு ஜெபமும் வேண்டுதலும்
Transliteration: sthothirathodu jebamum vendudalum
Doctrine: Prayer with Thanksgiving
Original: τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει μετὰ εὐχαριστίας
Category: Faith

Philippians 4:6. Distinct from temple ritual petition (பூஜை) or transactional vow-offering (நேர்த்திக்கடன்) patterns.

Fellowship Of The Spirit

Approved rendering: ஆவியானவருடைய ஐக்கியம்
Transliteration: aaviyaanavarudaiya aikkiyam
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Original: κοινωνία πνεύματος
Category: Church

Philippians 2:1 (κοινωνία πνεύματος). Shared life in the Holy Spirit as basis for unity.

Church

Approved rendering: சபை
Transliteration: sabai
Doctrine: Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. சபை (assembly/congregation) for the doctrinal Church, distinct from ஆலயம் (building) and never கோவில் (Hindu temple). In Philippians: 3:6; 4:15.

Overseers

Approved rendering: கண்காணிகள்
Transliteration: kankaanigal
Doctrine: Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: குரு, ஆயர், பூசாரி
Original: ἐπίσκοποι
Category: Church

Philippians 1:1 (ἐπίσκοποι). Established O.V. term, tradition-neutral. NEVER குரு, ஆயர் (denomination-loaded), or temple-functionary vocabulary.

Deacons

Approved rendering: உதவிக்காரர்கள்
Transliteration: uthavikkaarargal
Doctrine: Church Leadership
Original: διάκονοι
Category: Church

Philippians 1:1 (διάκονοι). Established O.V. term for the office.

Servants Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவின் ஊழியக்காரர்
Transliteration: Kiristhu Yesuvin oozhiyakkaarar
Doctrine: Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: அடியார்
Original: δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Church

Philippians 1:1 (δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ). NEVER அடியார் (the Shaiva devotee-servant title). Note the deliberate asymmetry: Christ takes அடிமையின் ரூபம் (real slave-form) while ministers are ஊழியக்காரர்.

Israel

Approved rendering: இஸ்ரவேல்
Transliteration: israel
Doctrine: Warning Against Confidence in the Flesh
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Established proper-name form. In Philippians: Paul’s pedigree, ‘of the people of Israel’ (3:5).

Mission

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷ ஊழியம்
Transliteration: suvisesha oozhiyam
Doctrine: Gospel Advance Through Adversity

Inherited from Romans package. Proclamation of the gospel; ஊழியம் means service/ministry. In Philippians: the defense and confirmation of the gospel (1:7, 1:16); Christ proclaimed in every way (1:18).

Appearance As A Man

Approved rendering: மனிதனாகத் தோற்றத்தில் காணப்பட்டு
Transliteration: manithanaaga thotrathil kaanappattu
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ

Philippians 2:8 (σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος). தோற்றம் is correct HERE though rejected for μορφή in 2:6 — the two words must stay distinct in Tamil exactly as in Greek.

Cross

Approved rendering: சிலுவை
Transliteration: siluvai
Doctrine: The Humility and Exaltation of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: σταυρός
Category: Salvation

Philippians 2:8 (σταυρός). Fully established Tamil Christian term. Retain 2:8’s emphatic doubling: சிலுவையின் மரணபரியந்தமும்.

Joy

Approved rendering: சந்தோஷம்
Transliteration: santhosham
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship

Philippians’ signature word (16 joy-words). Settled gladness anchored in the Lord (கர்த்தருக்குள்), independent of circumstances.

Rejoice

Approved rendering: சந்தோஷப்படுதல்
Transliteration: santhoshappaduthal
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: χαίρω
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:4: கர்த்தருக்குள் எப்பொழுதும் சந்தோஷமாயிருங்கள் — keep the ‘in the Lord’ anchor explicit wherever the source has it (3:1; 4:4, doubled imperative).

Rejoice In The Lord Always

Approved rendering: கர்த்தருக்குள் எப்பொழுதும் சந்தோஷப்படுங்கள்
Transliteration: karthaarukkul eppozhuthum santhoshappadungal
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ πάντοτε· πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:4. The letter’s doubled, emphatic joy command reaching its climax.

Advance Of The Gospel

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷத்தின் முன்னேற்றம்
Transliteration: suviseshathin munnetram
Doctrine: Gospel Advance Through Adversity
Original: προκοπὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
Category: Church

Philippians 1:12 (προκοπὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου). Paul’s imprisonment reframed as strategic gospel advance. Providence-adjacent; never ஊழ்/fate.

Envy And Rivalry

Approved rendering: பொறாமையும் வாதமும்
Transliteration: poraamaiyum vaathamum
Doctrine: Gospel Advance Through Adversity
Original: φθόνος καὶ ἔρις
Category: Church

Philippians 1:15 (φθόνος καὶ ἔρις). Impure motives among some preachers, named without eclipsing Paul’s larger point.

Day Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் நாள்
Transliteration: Kiristhuvin naal
Doctrine: The Day of Christ

Philippians 1:6; 1:10; 2:16. Linear eschatology: a fixed future day — not a cyclical age-turn (yuga) or astrologically determined time.

Affection Of Christ

Approved rendering: வாஞ்சை
Transliteration: vaanjai
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: σπλάγχνα Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 1:8 (σπλάγχνα Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ). Established O.V. rendering of Paul’s deep, visceral yearning for the Philippians.

Knowledge And Discernment

Approved rendering: அறிவும் பகுத்தறிதலும்
Transliteration: arivum paguthu-arithalum
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: ἐπίγνωσις καὶ πᾶσα αἴσθησις
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 1:9-10 (ἐπίγνωσις καὶ πᾶσα αἴσθησις). Full knowledge and moral perception, allowing believers to approve what is excellent.

Supply Of The Spirit

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவரின் உதவி
Transliteration: Parisutha Aaviyanavarin uthavi
Doctrine: Assurance: God Completes His Work
Original: ἐπιχορηγία τοῦ πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: God

Philippians 1:19 (ἐπιχορηγία τοῦ πνεύματος). Personal, Trinitarian provision, not an impersonal life-force top-up.

Standing Firm Striving Together

Approved rendering: ஒரே ஆவியில் உறுதியாய் நின்று சேர்ந்து போராடி
Transliteration: ore aaviyil uruthiyaay ninru serndhu poraadi
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Original: στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες
Category: Church

Philippians 1:27 (στήκετε … συναθλοῦντες). Collectivist, team-struggle image; culturally congenial to Tamil collectivist instincts.

Blameless Children Crooked Generation

Approved rendering: குற்றமற்ற பிள்ளைகள் / கோணலான சந்ததி
Transliteration: kutramatra pillaigal / konalaana santhathi
Doctrine: Blameless Witness in a Crooked Generation
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ ἄμωμα / γενεᾶ σκολιὰ καὶ διεστραμμένη
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:15, quoting Deuteronomy 32:5. Israel’s wilderness rebellion inverted as foil for a blameless, light-bearing community.

Lights In The World

Approved rendering: உலகத்தில் ஒளிவிளக்குகளாக
Transliteration: ulagathil oliviLakkugalaaga
Doctrine: Blameless Witness in a Crooked Generation
Original: φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:15-16. Echoes Daniel 12:3; Deepavali-lamp associations are harmless but shallow.

Proven Character

Approved rendering: பரீட்சிக்கப்பட்ட குணம்
Transliteration: pareetchikkappatta gunam
Doctrine: Sacrificial Examples of Ministry
Original: δοκιμή
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:22 (δοκιμή). Timothy’s tested, well-known worth — a positive teaching model of the hymn’s pattern lived out.

Risked His Life

Approved rendering: உயிரையே பணயம் வைத்து
Transliteration: uyiraiye panayam vaithu
Doctrine: Sacrificial Examples of Ministry
Original: παραβολευσάμενος τῇ ψυχῇ
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 2:30 (παραβολευσάμενος τῇ ψυχῇ). Epaphroditus’s costly, voluntary service, echoing the hymn’s self-giving pattern.

Fellow Imitators

Approved rendering: உடன் பின்பற்றுவோர்
Transliteration: udan pinpatruvor
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: συμμιμηταί
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:17 (συμμιμηταί). Paul as a pattern to imitate, as he imitates Christ.

Learned The Secret

Approved rendering: ரகசியத்தை அறிந்திருக்கிறேன்
Transliteration: ragasiyathai arinthirukkiren
Doctrine: Contentment in Christ
Original: μεμύημαι
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:12 (μεμύημαι). Mystery-cult initiation vocabulary deliberately repurposed; must not suggest esoteric gnosis — the ‘secret’ is openly stated (Christ’s empowering).

Strength Through Christ

Approved rendering: என்னைப் பெலப்படுத்துகிற கிறிஸ்துவினாலே
Transliteration: ennai belappaduthugira Kiristhuvinaale
Doctrine: Contentment in Christ
Rejected alternatives: என்னால் எல்லாம் முடியும்
Original: πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:13. NEVER the self-power slogan form. Must stay tethered to 4:11-12’s contentment context; guard against prosperity-teaching detachment of this verse and 4:19.

Gentleness

Approved rendering: சாந்தகுணம்
Transliteration: saanthaguNam
Doctrine: Contentment in Christ
Original: τὸ ἐπιεικές
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:5 (τὸ ἐπιεικές). NOTE: distinct from the rejected சாந்தி (peace-of-God forbidden term); related in form, doctrinally distinct usage.

The Lord Is Near

Approved rendering: கர்த்தர் சமீபமாயிருக்கிறார்
Transliteration: karthar sameepamaayirukkiraar
Doctrine: Contentment in Christ
Original: ὁ κύριος ἐγγύς
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 4:5. Ambiguous between spatial nearness and imminent return; retain the productive ambiguity.

Giving And Receiving

Approved rendering: கொடுத்தல் பெறுதல்
Transliteration: koduthal peruthal
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and God’s Supply
Original: εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως
Category: Church

Philippians 4:15 (δόσις καὶ λῆμψις). Commercial ledger metaphor applied warmly to gospel partnership; must stay relational, not license a merit-accumulating தானம் reading.

Book Of Life

Approved rendering: ஜீவ புஸ்தகம்
Transliteration: jeeva pusthagam
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: கணக்குப் புத்தகம்
Original: βίβλος ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

Philippians 4:3 (βίβλος ζωῆς). God’s register of his people. Never ledger/account-book framing, which evokes the Chitragupta karmic record-keeper.

Stand Firm In The Lord

Approved rendering: கர்த்தருக்குள் உறுதியாய் நில்லுங்கள்
Transliteration: karthaarukkul uruthiyaay nillungal
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Original: στήκετε ἐν κυρίῳ
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:1 (στήκετε ἐν κυρίῳ). Echoes 1:27’s standing-firm command; the letter’s practical conclusion begins here.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ஸ்தோத்திரம்
Transliteration: sthothiram
Doctrine: Prayer with Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Established, warm devotional term in everyday Tamil Christian usage. In Philippians: joined to every prayer (4:6; 1:3).

Fellowship

Approved rendering: ஐக்கியம்
Transliteration: aikkiyam
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: நட்பு
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Shared participation in Christ. In Philippians: gospel partnership (1:5), participation in the Spirit (2:1), fellowship of his sufferings (3:10).

Partnership In The Gospel

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷத்தில் ஐக்கியப் பங்கு
Transliteration: suvisesathil aikkiya pangu
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Church

Philippians 1:5 (κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον). Active shared investment (financial, prayer, suffering) in the gospel’s advance, not passive membership.

Exhort

Approved rendering: உற்சாகப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: utchagappaduthuthal
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers

Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive: வேண்டுகோள் (entreaty) for beseeching — the correct register for Philippians 4:2’s appeal to Euodia and Syntyche; உற்சாகப்படுத்துதல் (encourage) for building up (2:1).

Rubbish

Approved rendering: குப்பை
Transliteration: kuppai
Doctrine: The Surpassing Worth of Knowing Christ
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:8 (σκύβαλα, NT hapax). Keeps the force without vulgarity; do not soften to ‘less important things’.

Virtue List

Approved rendering: சத்தியமானவை, கனமானவை, நீதியானவை, சுத்தமானவை, இனிமையானவை, நற்பெயருள்ளவை
Transliteration: sathiyamaanavai, kanamaanavai, neethiyaanavai, suthamaanavai, inimaiyaanavai, narpeyarullavai
Doctrine: Thinking on What Is Excellent
Original: ὅσα ἀληθῆ, ὅσα σεμνά, ὅσα δίκαια, ὅσα ἁγνά, ὅσα προσφιλῆ, ὅσα εὔφημα
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 4:8. Six-fold virtue list in shared Hellenistic moral vocabulary; translates naturally into formal Tamil moral vocabulary.

True Companion

Approved rendering: உண்மையான உடன்பணியாளனே
Transliteration: unmaiyaana udanpaniyaalane
Doctrine: Humility and Unity of Believers
Original: γνήσιε σύζυγε
Category: Church

Philippians 4:3 (γνήσιε σύζυγε). Address to an unnamed co-worker asked to help Euodia and Syntyche reconcile.

Caesars Household

Approved rendering: இராயனுடைய வீட்டார்
Transliteration: iraayanudaiya veettaar
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας
Category: Church

Philippians 4:22. Historical detail; believers within the imperial administration itself, a quiet echo of the citizenship theme.

Medium-High Risk Terms

Dogs Evil Workers The Mutilation

Approved rendering: நாய்கள், பொல்லாத வேலையாட்கள், சிதைவு
Transliteration: naaykal, pollaatha velaiyaatkal, sithaivu
Doctrine: Warning Against Confidence in the Flesh
Original: κύνας, κακοὺς ἐργάτας, τὴν κατατομήν
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:2. Sharp polemic against Judaizing false teachers. Referent must stay unambiguous so it is not read as a slur on any present-day community or caste group.

Enemies Of The Cross

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் சிலுவைக்குப் பகைவர்
Transliteration: Kiristhuvin siluvaikku pagaivar
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὧν ὁ θεὸς ἡ κοιλία
Category: Discipleship

Philippians 3:18-19. Self-indulgent false teaching; the earthly-minded contrast with 3:20’s heavenly citizenship should stay sharp.

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