Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Galatians
English → Tamil | Galatians | Language Package
Core passage: Galatians 2:15-21 (extended to the letter’s full load-bearing vocabulary, chapters 1-6)
Generated: 2026-07-08 (v2 — full-book-coverage regeneration; supersedes the 2026-07-07 core-passage-only version)
Baseline: Terms marked ⬅ are inherited from the Tamil Romans Language Package (language-packages/tamil/translation_memory.json) and reused exactly. Terms marked ✚ are new in this curriculum. Every term below is seeded into assets/translation_memory.json per PRD Step 9.
Regeneration note: v1 of this document already carried a substantial “letter-wide load-bearing terms” table (§2 below) citing vocabulary from every chapter, but did not state chapter coverage explicitly, and Galatians 5:6 (“faith working through love” — one of this curriculum’s assigned book-level doctrines) had no glossary entry. This v2 regeneration adds an explicit chapter coverage checklist (§0) and six new terms surfaced by the chapter-by-chapter analysis in 07_semantic_analysis.md §3.
0. Chapter coverage checklist (full-book coverage confirmation)
Per the PRD’s Full-Book Coverage mandate, every chapter is accounted for below, cross-referenced to its treatment in 07_semantic_analysis.md §3.
| Chapter | New load-bearing terms introduced | Reused/continuing terms | Coverage status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (1:1-24) | ἀποκάλυψις (revelation), ἀνάθεμα, αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ, Ἰουδαϊσμός, διώκω | ἀπόστολος, ἀνάστασις, χάρις, δόξα, εὐαγγέλιον, κλητός/καλέω, ἐκκλησία | Fully analyzed — 07 §3 “Chapter 1” |
| 2 (2:1-14; 2:15-21 is the core passage) | ψευδάδελφος, στῦλοι, ὑποκρίσις, ὀρθοποδέω, ἰουδαΐζειν | περιτομή (previewed), εὐαγγέλιον, δεξιὰς κοινωνίας, ἀναγκάζω | Fully analyzed — 07 §3 “Chapter 2” + core passage §2 |
| 3 (3:1-29) | εὐλογία, κατάρα, ἐξαγοράζω, ἐπαγγελία, σπέρμα, μεσίτης, παιδαγωγός, συγκλείω, βαπτίζω/ἐνδύω Χριστόν | βασκαίνω, πνεῦμα, διαθήκη, υἱοθεσία/υἱοὶ θεοῦ | Fully analyzed — 07 §3 “Chapter 3” |
| 4 (4:1-31) | νήπιος, στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου, ἐξαγοράζω (from-under-the-law sense), ἐπιστρέφω, κοπιάω, τεκνία/ὠδίνω, ἀλληγορούμενα, ἐκβάλλω | γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, υἱοθεσία, Ἀββᾶ, κληρονόμος, διώκω | Fully analyzed — 07 §3 “Chapter 4” |
| 5 (5:1-26) | ἐλευθερία, ζυγὸς δουλείας, ὀφειλέτης, καταργέω/ἐκπίπτω, πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη, ἐγκόπτω, ζύμη, ἀποκόπτω, ἀφορμὴ τῇ σαρκί, δουλεύετε ἀλλήλοις, δάκνω/κατεσθίω, ἐπιθυμία σαρκός, ἔργα τῆς σαρκός, καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος, κενοδοξία | περιτομή, πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε | Fully analyzed — 07 §3 “Chapter 5” |
| 6 (6:1-18) | καταρτίζετε, βαστάζετε βάρη/φορτίον, νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, δοκιμαζέτω τὸ ἔργον, κοινωνείτω, σπείρω/θερίζω (God-is-not-mocked anchor), οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως, εὐπροσωπέω ἐν σαρκί, κανών | καυχάομαι, κόσμος ἐσταύρωται, καινὴ κτίσις, Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ, κόπους/στίγματα, χάρις | Fully analyzed — 07 §3 “Chapter 6” |
No chapter of Galatians introduces zero new theological vocabulary — every chapter contributes at least one load-bearing term, so no “no new terms” note is needed here; every chapter’s terms are nonetheless explicitly listed above rather than left to implicit registry citation.
1. Core passage terms (Galatians 2:15-21)
| Original Word | Transliteration | Possible Meanings | English Variants | Tamil Rendering | Doctrinal Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| δικαιόω ⬅ | dikaioō | declare righteous, acquit, vindicate | justify, declare righteous | நீதிமானாக்கப்படுதல் | Critical — Justification by Faith |
| δικαιοσύνη ⬅ | dikaiosynē | righteousness, right standing, justice | righteousness | நீதி | Critical — never தர்மம் |
| ἔργα νόμου ✚ | erga nomou | works of the law, law-deeds | works of the law | நியாயப்பிரமாணத்தின் கிரியைகள் | Critical — கிரியை collides with Saiva Siddhanta’s ritual path |
| ἔργα ✚ | erga | works, deeds | works, deeds | கிரியைகள் | High — never கர்மா/வினை |
| πίστις ⬅ | pistis | trust, faith, faithfulness | faith, belief | விசுவாசம் | High — never பக்தி |
| νόμος ⬅ | nomos | law, Torah | law | நியாயப்பிரமாணம் | High — never தர்மம் |
| χάρις ⬅ | charis | favor, kindness, grace | grace, favor | கிருபை | High — never புண்ணியம் |
| ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός ⬅ | hamartia / hamartōlos | sin, missing the mark / sinner | sin / sinner | பாவம் / பாவி | High — never தீவினை |
| σάρξ ✚ | sarx | flesh, body, fallen human nature | flesh, human nature | மாம்சம் | Critical in the flesh/Spirit antithesis — not mere body |
| πνεῦμα ⬅ | pneuma | Spirit, spirit, breath | Spirit | பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர் | Critical — never பிரம்மம்/பரமாத்மா |
| Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι ✚ | Christō synestaurōmai | co-crucified with Christ (perfect passive) | crucified with Christ | கிறிஸ்துவுடன்கூடச் சிலுவையில் அறையப்பட்டேன் | Critical — union, not ascetic self-mortification |
| σταυρός ✚ | stauros | cross, execution stake | cross | சிலுவை | High |
| υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ⬅ | huios tou theou | Son of God | Son of God | தேவனுடைய குமாரன் | Critical — fixed phrase |
| ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω ✚ | agapē / agapaō | self-giving love | love | அன்பு | Medium — direction: God loves first; not பக்தி |
| παραδίδωμι (2:20) ✚ | paradidōmi | hand over, give up | gave himself | தம்மைத்தாமே ஒப்புக்கொடுத்தார் | Critical (substitution ὑπέρ) — folded into crucified_with_christ notes |
| ἀθετέω (2:21) ✚ | atheteō | nullify, set aside, void | nullify, set aside | விருதாவாக்குதல் | High — legal annulment force |
| θεός ⬅ | theos | God | God | கடவுள் | Critical — the God-word decision; never தேவன்/பரமேஸ்வரன்/பகவான் |
| Ἰησοῦς ⬅ | Iēsous | Jesus | Jesus | இயேசு | Critical |
| Χριστός ✚ | Christos | Anointed One | Christ | கிறிஸ்து | Critical — title, not one avatar among many |
2. Letter-wide load-bearing terms (chapters 1, 3-6; see §0 for the chapter-by-chapter map)
| Original Word | Transliteration | Possible Meanings | English Variants | Tamil Rendering | Doctrinal Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἐλευθερία ✚ | eleutheria | freedom, liberty, manumission | freedom, liberty | விடுதலை | Critical — never முக்தி/மோட்சம்/வீடுபேறு (liberation-from-rebirth); see 06 §3 |
| δουλεία ✚ | douleia | slavery, bondage | slavery, bondage | அடிமைத்தனம் | High — Gal 4:7 “no longer a slave but a son” inverts the Tamil bhakti ideal of the devotee as அடிமை/அடியார் of the deity |
| ζυγὸς δουλείας (5:1) ✚ | zygos douleias | yoke of slavery | yoke of slavery | அடிமைத்தனத்தின் நுகம் | Medium |
| υἱοθεσία ⬅ | huiothesia | adoption as sons, son-placement | adoption | புத்திரசுவிகாரம் | High — full inheritance rights (4:5) |
| Ἀββᾶ ⬅ | Abba (Aramaic אַבָּא) | father (intimate) | Abba | அப்பா | Low risk, high opportunity — identical warmth in Tamil (4:6) |
| πατήρ ⬅ | patēr | father | Father | பிதா | Critical |
| κληρονόμος ✚ | klēronomos | heir | heir | சுதந்தரவாளி | High |
| κληρονομία ✚ | klēronomia | inheritance | inheritance | சுதந்தரம் | High — homograph trap: modern சுதந்திரம் = political independence; keep distinct from விடுதலை (freedom) |
| ἐπαγγελία ✚ | epangelia | promise, pledge | promise | வாக்குத்தத்தம் | High — never வரம் (boon granted by a deity) |
| διαθήκη ⬅ | diathēkē | covenant, testament | covenant | உடன்படிக்கை | High |
| σπέρμα (3:16) ✚ | sperma | seed, offspring | seed, offspring | சந்ததி | High — Paul’s singular-seed argument (Christ) must survive number |
| περιτομή ✚ | peritomē | circumcision | circumcision | விருத்தசேதனம் | Medium — never colloquial சுன்னத்து (reads as an Islamic community marker in Tamil) |
| στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου (4:3, 9) ✚ | stoicheia tou kosmou | elemental principles, rudiments, elemental spirits | elemental principles/spirits | உலகத்தின் அடிப்படைக் கூறுகள் | High — must NOT be concretized as நவகிரகங்கள் (the nine planetary deities of Tamil temple religion); 4:10’s “days, months, seasons” lands directly on பஞ்சாங்கம்/ராகு காலம் observance |
| παιδαγωγός (3:24-25) ✚ | paidagōgos | child-custodian, escort-guardian (not teacher) | guardian, tutor, schoolmaster | காப்பாளர் | High — never குரு; OV’s உபாத்தி (teacher) noted but custodial sense preferred |
| κατάρα (3:10, 13) ✚ | katara | curse | curse | சாபம் | Critical — Christ became a curse for us; never தோஷம் (astrological affliction removable by parihāram ritual) |
| ἀνάθεμα (1:8-9) ✚ | anathema | accursed, devoted to destruction | accursed | சபிக்கப்பட்டவன் | High — divine judicial verdict, not folk-magic cursing |
| ἐξαγοράζω (3:13; 4:5) ✚ | exagorazō | buy out, redeem from slavery | redeem | மீட்டுக்கொள்ளுதல் / மீட்பு | High — marketplace manumission image |
| καινὴ κτίσις (6:15) ✚ | kainē ktisis | new creation | new creation | புதிய சிருஷ்டி | High — never மறுபிறவி (reincarnation); distinct from மறுபிறப்பு (new birth, John 3) |
| καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος (5:22) ✚ | karpos tou pneumatos | fruit of the Spirit | fruit of the Spirit | ஆவியின் கனி | High — கனி (organic fruit), never பலன் (karmic result/வினைப்பயன்) |
| πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε (5:16) ✚ | pneumati peripateite | walk by the Spirit | walk by/in the Spirit | ஆவிக்கேற்றபடி நடத்தல் | Medium |
| σπείρω / θερίζω (6:7-9) ✚ | speirō / therizō | sow / reap | sowing and reaping | விதைத்ததையே அறுத்தல் | High — reads as the Tamil karma proverb (வினை விதைத்தவன் வினை அறுப்பான்); must be framed as the personal God’s judgment, not impersonal karmic law |
| βασκαίνω (3:1) ✚ | baskainō | bewitch, give the evil eye | bewitched | மயக்குதல் | Medium — literally evil-eye vocabulary; must NOT be rendered கண்ணூறு/திருஷ்டி, which would affirm the Tamil evil-eye folk ontology |
| μεσίτης (3:19-20) ✚ | mesitēs | mediator, go-between | mediator | மத்தியஸ்தன் | Medium |
| ἡ ἄνω Ἰερουσαλήμ (4:26) ✚ | hē anō Ierousalēm | the Jerusalem above | Jerusalem above | மேலான எருசலேம் | Medium |
| εὐαγγέλιον ⬅ | euangelion | good news, gospel | gospel | சுவிசேஷம் | High — 1:6-9: ONE gospel; exclusivity against “all religions are one” pluralism |
| ἀπόστολος ⬅ | apostolos | sent one, apostle | apostle | அப்போஸ்தலன் | Medium (High doctrine) — never குரு |
| ἐκκλησία ⬅ | ekklēsia | assembly, church | church | சபை | Medium |
| ἔθνη ⬅ | ethnē | nations, Gentiles | Gentiles | புறஜாதியார் | High — caste-adjacent form; see inherited note |
| ζωὴ αἰώνιος (6:8) | zōē aiōnios | eternal life | eternal life | நித்திய ஜீவன் | High — Spirit-given life, not liberation from rebirth (folded into sow_and_reap notes) |
| ἀνάστασις (1:1) ⬅ | anastasis | resurrection | resurrection | உயிர்த்தெழுதல் | Critical — never மறுபிறவி |
| γεννώμενον ἐκ γυναικός (4:4) ⬅ | gennōmenon ek gynaikos | born of a woman — the incarnation | born of a woman | தேகதாரணம் (doctrine term) | Critical — never அவதாரம் (dasavatara pull is strongest in Tamil Vaishnavism) |
| σωτηρία ⬅ | sōtēria | salvation, deliverance | salvation | இரட்சிப்பு | Critical — never மோட்சம்/முக்தி |
| κύριος ⬅ | kyrios | Lord | Lord | கர்த்தர் | Critical |
| δόξα (1:5) ⬅ | doxa | glory | glory | மகிமை | High |
| εἰρήνη (1:3; 5:22) ⬅ | eirēnē | peace | peace | சமாதானம் | Medium |
| κοινωνία (2:9) ⬅ | koinōnia | fellowship, partnership | fellowship | ஐக்கியம் | Low — “right hand of fellowship” |
| βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ (5:21) ⬅ | basileia tou theou | kingdom of God | kingdom of God | தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம் | Medium |
| Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ (6:16) ⬅ | Israēl tou theou | the Israel of God | Israel of God | தேவனுடைய இஸ்ரவேல் (இஸ்ரவேல் inherited) | Medium |
| κλητός / καλέω (1:6, 15; 5:8, 13) ⬅ | klētos / kaleō | called, calling | called | அழைக்கப்பட்ட / அழைப்பு | High — never fate idioms (தலைவிதி/ஊழ்வினை) |
| ἀποκάλυψις (1:12, 16) ✚ | apokalypsis | direct divine disclosure | revelation | வெளிப்படுத்துதல் | High — never a generic vision/dream; grounds apostolic authority |
| ψευδάδελφος (2:4) ✚ | pseudadelphos | false brother | false brother(s) | போலி சகோதரர்கள் | Medium — a professing-believer threat, not an outsider one |
| βαπτίζω εἰς Χριστόν / Χριστὸν ἐνδύω (3:27) ✚ | baptizō eis Christon / Christon endyō | baptized into Christ / put on Christ | baptized into Christ, clothed with Christ | கிறிஸ்துவுக்குள் ஞானஸ்நானம் பெற்று கிறிஸ்துவை உடுத்திக்கொள்ளுதல் | High — grounds 3:28’s unity; not a ritual-merit act |
| πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη (5:6) ✚ | pistis di’ agapēs energoumenē | faith working through love | faith working/expressing itself through love | அன்பினால் செயல்படும் விசுவாசம் | High — an assigned book-level doctrine; medio-passive, love is faith’s fruit, never a second merit-payment |
| ἔργα τῆς σαρκός (5:19-21) ✚ | erga tēs sarkos | works of the flesh (vice list) | works of the flesh | மாம்சத்தின் கிரியைகள் | High — distinct from works of the law; includes non-bodily sins (sorcery, factions) |
| νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ (6:2) ✚ | nomos tou Christou | the law of Christ | law of Christ | கிறிஸ்துவின் நியாயப்பிரமாணம் | Medium — positive use of “law” vocabulary; context carries the shift from Mosaic custodian to Christ’s law of love |
3. Proper names (established Tamil Bible forms)
| Name | Tamil | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Abraham (Ἀβραάμ / אַבְרָהָם) ✚ | ஆபிரகாம் | Gal 3 hinges on him; Genesis 15:6 |
| Hagar (Ἁγάρ / הָגָר) ✚ | ஆகார் | 4:24-25 allegory; = Sinai covenant |
| Sarah (Σάρρα / שָׂרָה) ✚ | சாராள் | 4:22-31 (named via “the free woman”) |
| Isaac (Ἰσαάκ / יִצְחָק) ✚ | ஈசாக்கு | 4:28, 30 — child of promise |
| Paul | பவுல் | inherited convention |
| Peter/Cephas | பேதுரு / கேபா | 1:18; 2:9, 11 — கேபா established OV form |
| James | யாக்கோபு | 1:19; 2:9, 12 |
| Barnabas | பர்னபா | 2:1, 9, 13 |
| Titus | தீத்து | 2:1, 3 |
| Galatia / Galatians | கலாத்தியா / கலாத்தியர் | book name for citations |
| Jerusalem | எருசலேம் | 1:17-18; 2:1; 4:25-26 |
| Damascus | தமஸ்கு | 1:17 |
| Antioch | அந்தியோகியா | 2:11 |
| Sinai | சீனாய் | 4:24-25 |
4. Usage frequency notes (translation-priority ranking)
| Term | Occurrences in Galatians | Phase 2 priority |
|---|---|---|
| νόμος (law) | 32 | Highest-frequency doctrinal term in the letter |
| πίστις (faith) | 22 | Every occurrence checked against inherited rendering |
| σάρξ (flesh) | 18 | Context-sense tracking required (see 07 §4) |
| πνεῦμα (Spirit) | 18 | Referent must stay divine in the antithesis |
| δικαιόω/δικαιοσύνη | 13 | Highest density in 2:15-21 |
| χάρις (grace) | 7 | Bookends the letter (1:3; 6:18) |
| ἐλευθερία/ἐλεύθερος (freedom/free) | 11 | The letter’s banner word (5:1) |
| ἐπαγγελία (promise) | 10 | Concentrated in ch. 3-4 |
All ⬅ terms reuse the Romans package rendering exactly, per the Romans-first baseline rule. All ✚ terms are fully analyzed in 07_semantic_analysis.md (including the chapter-by-chapter treatment in §3) and 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md, risk-registered in assets/bible_term_registry.json, and seeded into assets/translation_memory.json.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: நீதி
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம், புண்ணியம்
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER use தர்மம் (dharma cognate). நீதி is right standing before God received through faith, not a duty performed. Galatians 2:21: ‘if righteousness were through the law, Christ died for nothing.‘
Justification
Approved rendering: நீதிமானாக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: neethimanaakkappaduthal
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: மன்னிப்பு பெறுதல்
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Compound required for the forensic, declared-righteous sense; never abbreviate to மன்னிப்பு (forgiveness). Galatians 2:16 uses the verb three times and 2:17 a fourth — identical rendering for all four occurrences is mandatory.
Salvation
Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பு
Transliteration: iratchippu
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER மோட்சம் or முக்தி (Hindu liberation from the rebirth cycle). Distinguish இரட்சிப்பு from the narrower மீட்பு (redemption, exagorazō) new in this curriculum.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER மறுபிறவி (rebirth/reincarnation — shared by Tamil Hindu and Jain frameworks). Galatians 1:1: the Father raised Jesus from the dead — the ground of Paul’s apostleship.
Lord
Approved rendering: கர்த்தர்
Transliteration: karthar
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: எஜமான்
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Established Tamil Bible term since Ziegenbalg. Exclusive, supreme Lordship — e.g. Galatians 6:14, ‘the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ’ (நம்முடைய கர்த்தராகிய இயேசு கிறிஸ்து).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய குமாரன்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Kumaran
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தெய்வப்புத்திரன்
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package — full fixed phrase required, copied exactly; NEVER தெய்வப்புத்திரன் (‘son of a deity’). Galatians 2:20 (‘the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for me’) and 4:4-6 (the double sending of the Son and the Spirit of his Son) are this curriculum’s anchor passages. REVIEWER NOTE (inherited tension, do not ‘fix’ in translation): the Romans package enforces கடவுள் for standalone ‘God’ while retaining தேவனுடைய in this and other established compound phrases; that recorded inconsistency is deliberate inheritance of the fixed phrase and is escalated to theologian review rather than resolved unilaterally here.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: தேகதாரணம்
Transliteration: dehadharanam
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: அவதாரம்
Original: γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός (Gal 4:4)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER அவதாரம் — Tamil Vaishnavism’s dasavatara devotion makes this the strongest substitution pull in Tamil. Galatians 4:4 (‘born of a woman, born under the law’) is a once-for-all sending; keep the ‘born under the law’ clause, which grounds redemption from the law.
Jesus
Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: established Tamil Christian standard form.
God
Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Deity of God
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package — the God-word decision, copied exactly. This pipeline deliberately departs from the Tamil OV precedent (தேவன், literally ‘a deva’) and uses கடவுள், unambiguously monotheistic. NEVER பரமேஸ்வரன் (Shiva epithet) or பகவான் (generic Hindu devotional ‘Lord’). Flag any reversion to தேவன் for review; established compound phrases recorded in this memory (தேவனுடைய குமாரன், தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம்) are inherited exactly as recorded — see son_of_god reviewer note.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: Parisutha Aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Life by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never பிரம்மம் (Brahman) or பரமாத்மா (universal Self). Galatians intensifies usage: in the flesh/Spirit antithesis (3:3; 5:16-25; 6:8) the referent must remain the personal Holy Spirit — never the human spirit, a life-force, or a yogic interior state. In the fixed walk-idiom ஆவிக்கேற்றபடி (5:16 OV) the divine referent is carried by context; in all naming uses keep the honorific (bare ஆவி colloquially can mean ghost).
Father
Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Adoption as Sons
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father in formal address (Galatians 1:1, 3-4); pairs with அப்பா in 4:6.
Messiah
Approved rendering: மேசியா
Transliteration: mesiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Transliterated term used alongside கிறிஸ்து. The Anointed One fulfilling Old Testament promise, not one of many divine or avatar figures.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: கணக்கிடப்பட்ட நீதி
Transliteration: kanakkidapatta neethi
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: சம்பாதித்த நீதி
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Righteousness credited by God, NOT earned (சம்பாதித்த நீதி rejected). Galatians 3:6 quotes Genesis 15:6 — the rendering must match the Romans curriculum’s Romans 4:3 rendering verbatim, since learners will read both curricula.
Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: kiristhu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New in Galatians curriculum (promoted from the Romans requirements doc’s transliteration standards to a full memory entry — 38 occurrences in this letter). Established Tamil Bible transliteration of Χριστός. A title identifying the one Anointed One; never framed as one of a class of divine figures or avatars.
Freedom
Approved rendering: விடுதலை
Transliteration: viduthalai
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: முக்தி, மோட்சம், வீடுபேறு
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum — the letter’s banner word (5:1, 13). CRITICAL: never முக்தி/மோட்சம் (Hindu liberation, inherited class) and never வீடுபேறு (the specifically Tamil Saiva Siddhanta term for final release — the closest native ‘freedom-salvation’ word and therefore the most dangerous substitution). OV’s சுயாதீனம் (autonomy) not adopted as primary: it drifts toward the license misreading 5:13 forbids; acceptable only when quoting OV Scripture verbatim. Register cautions: விடுதலை is Dravidian political vocabulary in Tamil Nadu and armed-struggle vocabulary for Sri Lankan Tamils (விடுதலைப் புலிகள்); always render freedom’s from/into structure (from the law’s curse and slavery, into sonship and love’s service) and never headline the bare word. Sri Lankan Tamil reviewer required.
Flesh
Approved rendering: மாம்சம்
Transliteration: maamsam
Doctrine: Life by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: உடல், சரீரம்
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
New in Galatians curriculum (18 occurrences). One lexeme for all three senses (neutral-bodily 2:20; ethnic-ritual 3:3, 6:12-13; fallen-nature 5:16-24) per Tamil Bible tradition, so 2:20 and 5:24 stay linked. உடல்/சரீரம் rejected FOR σάρξ in doctrinal contexts because a body-word converts the flesh/Spirit antithesis into body-soul dualism and sanctification into asceticism (தவம்/Siddhar austerity frame). The works of the flesh (5:19-21) include non-bodily sins — teaching notes must make this visible.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: நியாயப்பிரமாணத்தின் கிரியைகள்
Transliteration: niyayapramanathin kiriyaigal
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: கர்மா, வினை, தர்மச் செயல்கள்
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum. CRITICAL: கிரியை is homophonous with Saiva Siddhanta’s ritual-works path (the சரியை-கிரியை-யோகம்-ஞானம் ladder to liberation) — the exact theology Galatians refutes. The full compound must always anchor the works to the Mosaic law; never bare கிரியைகள் in 2:16/3:2-10 contexts, and never கர்மா/வினை (karmic action) or தர்மச் செயல்கள் (dharmic deeds).
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவுடன்கூடச் சிலுவையில் அறையப்பட்டேன்
Transliteration: kiristhuvudan-kooda siluvaiyil araiyappattaen
Doctrine: Union with Christ in Crucifixion
Original: Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (2:19; cf. 5:24; 6:14). OV-based form. Three enforcement points: keep the perfect-tense abiding result (a completed act with continuing state), keep the passive (God’s act, not a spiritual attainment), and never let the ‘no longer I’ of 2:20 read as Advaita-style self-dissolution or ascetic self-mortification — the believer remains a distinct person indwelt by Christ (‘the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith’).
Curse
Approved rendering: சாபம்
Transliteration: saabam
Doctrine: Substitutionary Curse-Bearing
Rejected alternatives: தோஷம்
Original: κατάρα
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (κατάρα, 3:10, 13). CRITICAL: the law’s judicial curse, borne once for all by Christ (‘Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us’). NEVER தோஷம் — the astrological-affliction category (naga dosham, pithru dosham) that Tamil temple economy treats as diagnosable and removable through paid parihāram rituals; a dosham framing would re-import exactly the transactional remediation system 3:13 abolishes. Every 3:10-14 segment escalates to theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷம்
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: நல்ல செய்தி
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Tamil Christian term, dating to the earliest Tamil Bible translation work (Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, 1714) and Tamil Catholic tradition before it. Distinguish from a generic positive announcement. Galatians 1:6-9: there is only ONE சுவிசேஷம்; the ‘different gospel’ is not a gospel at all — preserve the exclusivity.
Grace
Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from human merit; NEVER புண்ணியம் (accumulated religious merit) or ஊழ்வினை பலன் (karmic fruit). Galatians 2:21 is the enforcement verse: law-righteousness nullifies grace. Also do not substitute அருள் (Saiva Siddhanta’s and Tamil Catholic liturgy’s grace word) for doctrinal χάρις; அருள் is permitted only as non-doctrinal warmth.
Faith
Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically; பக்தி (bhakti, devotional reverence) must not substitute. Galatians 2:16: render the pistis Christou genitive objectively per Tamil Bible tradition — இயேசு கிறிஸ்துவைப் பற்றும் விசுவாசம் — and log the subjective-genitive alternative in the segment cache without rendering it.
Called
Approved rendering: அழைக்கப்பட்ட
Transliteration: azhaikkappatta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: அழைப்பு பெற்ற
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive in Galatians: 1:6 (called in the grace of Christ), 1:15 (called from the womb — prophetic-call framing), 5:8, 5:13 (called to freedom). Never fatalism idioms (தலைவிதி, ஊழ்வினை).
Calling
Approved rendering: அழைப்பு
Transliteration: azhaippu
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act or state of being called by God.
Adoption
Approved rendering: புத்திரசுவிகாரம்
Transliteration: puthira-suvikaram
Doctrine: Adoption as Sons
Rejected alternatives: தத்தெடுப்பு
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established theological compound emphasizing full son-status with complete inheritance rights. Galatians 4:5-7 is this curriculum’s anchor: the adoption → Abba → heir chain must stay intact, and the slave-to-son inversion (4:7) must not be softened — it deliberately inverts the Tamil bhakti ideal of the devotee as the deity’s slave (அடியார்/அடிமை).
Law
Approved rendering: நியாயப்பிரமாணம்
Transliteration: niyayapramanam
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம்
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The Mosaic law; NEVER தர்மம். Highest-frequency doctrinal term in Galatians (32 occurrences). The law is holy custodian, not villain (3:21) — but it cannot justify (2:16) and its era of custody has ended (3:25).
Sin
Approved rendering: பாவம்
Transliteration: paavam
Doctrine: Sin
Rejected alternatives: தீவினை
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, distinct from தீவினை (bad karmic action). Galatians 2:17, 3:22 (‘Scripture imprisoned everything under sin’).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: புறஜாதியார்
Transliteration: purajathiyar
Doctrine: Unity in Christ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Established Tamil Bible term. NOTE (inherited and intensified in Galatians): ஜாதி is Tamil’s ordinary word for caste; in Galatians 2:11-15 and 3:28 the Jew/Gentile wall falls at the shared table — reviewers must confirm the text reads as ENDING caste-like distinction, never encoding it.
Glory
Approved rendering: மகிமை
Transliteration: magimai
Doctrine: Glory of God
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:5 doxology: ‘to whom be the glory forever and ever. Amen.‘
Covenant
Approved rendering: உடன்படிக்கை
Transliteration: udanpadikkai
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: ஒப்பந்தம்
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relational covenant bond, more than a legal agreement (ஒப்பந்தம்). Galatians 3:15-17 (the covenant the law cannot annul) and 4:24 (the two-covenants allegory) — use the same term for both covenants so the allegory’s contrast is covenant-vs-covenant, not word-vs-word.
Works
Approved rendering: கிரியைகள்
Transliteration: kiriyaigal
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: கர்மா, வினை
Original: ἔργα
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum. Established OV word for ἔργα. In law-works contexts always expand to the full compound (see works_of_the_law). Note the deliberate works/fruit asymmetry of 5:19-22: plural works of the flesh (மாம்சத்தின் கிரியைகள்) vs singular fruit of the Spirit (ஆவியின் கனி) — preserve number on both sides.
Slavery
Approved rendering: அடிமைத்தனம்
Transliteration: adimaithanam
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: δουλεία
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (4:1-9, 24-25; 5:1). Two Tamil-specific pressure points: (1) 4:7’s slave-to-son announcement inverts the bhakti ideal in which devotees honorifically self-describe as the deity’s slaves (அடியார்/அடிமை, names in -தாசன்); the inversion is the doctrine — keep it sharp. (2) Slavery/bondage vocabulary carries caste- and bonded-labor-history resonance; translate with dignity, never euphemize. Distinguish negative அடிமைத்தனம் (bondage) from positive ஊழியம் (loving service, 5:13).
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: ஆவியின் கனி
Transliteration: aaviyin kani
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: பலன், ஆவியின் பலன்கள்
Original: καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
New in Galatians curriculum (5:22-23). கனி (organic fruit, singular — OV form) is mandatory. NEVER பலன், which in Tamil religious usage means the payoff of action (வினைப்பயன், karma-phala) and would convert the Spirit’s produce into earned merit; and never pluralize the head noun — one fruit, nine facets, produced by the Spirit, not achieved by the believer.
Promise
Approved rendering: வாக்குத்தத்தம்
Transliteration: vaakkuthatham
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: வரம்
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (10 occurrences, concentrated in ch. 3-4). Established OV term. Never வரம் (boon): Tamil devotional culture frames deity-favors as boons granted to vow-keeping petitioners (நேர்த்திக்கடன் economy); God’s promise to Abraham was unilateral and prior to all performance (3:15-18).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: சுதந்தரம்
Transliteration: suthantharam
Doctrine: Adoption as Sons
Rejected alternatives: சுதந்திரம்
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (3:18, 29; 4:1, 7; 5:21). Established OV word for inheritance. HOMOGRAPH TRAP: modern Tamil சுதந்திரம் means political independence/freedom — never use it in this curriculum for any concept; keep சுதந்தரம் (inheritance) and விடுதலை (freedom) as fully distinct threads so the two doctrines do not blur.
Heir
Approved rendering: சுதந்தரவாளி
Transliteration: suthantharavali
Doctrine: Adoption as Sons
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum. Established OV form (Gal 4:7: ‘no longer a slave but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God’). The adoption → son → heir chain must remain intact; 3:28-29 extends heirship across ethnicity, status, and gender.
Cross
Approved rendering: சிலுவை
Transliteration: siluvai
Doctrine: Substitutionary Curse-Bearing
Original: σταυρός
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum as a memory entry (established, unambiguous Tamil term). The offense of the cross (5:11) and boasting only in the cross (6:14) trade on its shamefulness in an honor-shame culture — do not aestheticize.
Elemental Principles
Approved rendering: உலகத்தின் அடிப்படைக் கூறுகள்
Transliteration: ulagathin adippadai koorugal
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: நவகிரகங்கள், கிரக சக்திகள், உலக சக்திகள்
Original: στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Sin
New in Galatians curriculum (στοιχεῖα, 4:3, 9). Render abstractly. NEVER concretize as நவகிரகங்கள் or planetary-power phrases: Tamil temple religion has an intensely living navagraha cult, and 4:10’s ‘days, months, seasons’ lands directly on பஞ்சாங்கம்/ராகு காலம் observance — the pastoral application belongs in teaching notes, not baked into the term. All சக்தி-compounds are additionally barred by the inherited forbidden-terms rule.
Guardian Of The Law
Approved rendering: காப்பாளர்
Transliteration: kaappaalar
Doctrine: Law as Temporary Guardian
Rejected alternatives: குரு, ஆசிரியர்
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (παιδαγωγός, 3:24-25). Custodial child-escort, NOT teacher: OV’s உபாத்தி (teacher) over-teaches the metaphor and is not adopted; NEVER குரு, which would sacralize the law as an ongoing spiritual master in the guru-sishya frame. First occurrence should carry a short gloss (the guardian who escorts a child until it comes of age); the point is the custody has ENDED (3:25).
Anathema
Approved rendering: சபிக்கப்பட்டவன்
Transliteration: sabikkappattavan
Doctrine: Exclusivity of the One Gospel
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (ἀνάθεμα, 1:8-9). OV form (‘சபிக்கப்பட்டவனாயிருக்கக்கடவன்’). God’s judicial verdict on gospel-corruption — not Paul’s personal imprecation and not folk-magic cursing (avoid any பில்லி சூனியம் register). The double pronouncement (1:8 AND 1:9) must both be rendered at full strength against the Tamil pluralism default.
New Creation
Approved rendering: புதிய சிருஷ்டி
Transliteration: puthiya srushti
Doctrine: New Creation
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (καινὴ κτίσις, 6:15; OV: புது சிருஷ்டி). NEVER மறுபிறவி (rebirth/reincarnation). Keep distinct from மறுபிறப்பு — the established Tamil Christian term for new birth (John 3), a related but different doctrine; do not swap the two.
Seed Of Abraham
Approved rendering: ஆபிரகாமின் சந்ததி
Transliteration: abirahamin santhathi
Doctrine: Christ the Singular Seed
Original: σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (σπέρμα, 3:16, 19, 29). சந்ததி is the established OV form (cf. Genesis 22:18). Paul’s argument turns on grammatical number — ‘seed,’ not ‘seeds’ — referring to Christ (3:16), then corporately to all who are Christ’s (3:29). In 3:16 mark the singular explicitly (ஒரே சந்ததி, per Paul’s own gloss ‘அவருடைய சந்ததி என்று ஒருமையாக’); do not switch lexemes between 3:16 and 3:29.
Sow And Reap
Approved rendering: விதைத்ததையே அறுத்தல்
Transliteration: vithaithathaiye aruthal
Doctrine: Sowing and Reaping under God’s Judgment
Rejected alternatives: வினைப்பயன், கர்மபலன்
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Eschatology
New in Galatians curriculum (6:7-9: ‘மனுஷன் எதை விதைக்கிறானோ அதையே அறுப்பான்’). HIGH karma-collision: surface-identical to the Tamil proverb வினை விதைத்தவன் வினை அறுப்பான். Anchor every rendering to the personal God who is not mocked (கடவுள் பரியாசம்பண்ணப்படுகிறவர் அல்ல) and to the eschatological harvest (corruption vs eternal life through the Spirit, 6:8) — never impersonal karmic accounting, never வினைப்பயன்/கர்மபலன் vocabulary.
Redemption
Approved rendering: மீட்பு
Transliteration: meetpu
Doctrine: Substitutionary Curse-Bearing
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (ἐξαγοράζω, 3:13; 4:5 — OV: மீட்டுக்கொண்டார்). Buy-out-of-slavery/manumission purchase; the price-payment element grounds substitution and must survive. Complements, and must stay distinct from, the broader இரட்சிப்பு (salvation). Debt-bondage release imagery is culturally legible in Tamil Nadu — vivid, handle with pastoral care.
Revelation
Approved rendering: வெளிப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: veliyppaduthuthal
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority of Paul
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Church
New in Galatians curriculum, v2 (ἀποκάλυψις, 1:12, 16). Must not be rendered as a generic vision, dream, or mystical experience (கனவு நிர்வாகம் register familiar from Tamil devotional/folk religion) — this is the specific, authoritative divine disclosure grounding Paul’s gospel and apostleship.
Baptized Into Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவுக்குள் ஞானஸ்நானம் பெற்று கிறிஸ்துவை உடுத்திக்கொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: kiristhuvukkul gnanasnanam pettru kiristhuvai uduthikkolluthal
Doctrine: Unity in Christ
Original: ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε, Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε
Category: Sanctification
New in Galatians curriculum, v2 (3:27, grounding 3:28). ஞானஸ்நானம் (established Tamil Christian baptism term) + உடுத்திக்கொள்ளுதல் (put on/clothe). Must not read as a ritual-merit act like the works-of-the-law the letter critiques; it names identification with Christ grounding sonship and heirship.
Faith Working Through Love
Approved rendering: அன்பினால் செயல்படும் விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: anbinaal seyalpadum vishvasam
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Rejected alternatives: அன்பினால் சம்பாதிக்கும் விசுவாசம்
Original: πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Faith
New in Galatians curriculum, v2 (5:6). CLOSES A GAP: this is one of the book’s assigned doctrines and had no dedicated term in v1. The medio-passive Greek verb means faith IS BEING activated through love, not that the believer manufactures love to earn standing — NEVER render with a phrase implying love is a second merit-payment alongside faith (சம்பாதிக்கும், ‘earns/achieves’, explicitly rejected), which would reopen the works-righteousness door 2:16 closes.
Works Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: மாம்சத்தின் கிரியைகள்
Transliteration: maamsathin kiriyaigal
Doctrine: Life by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: கர்மா, வினை
Original: τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός
Category: Sin
New in Galatians curriculum, v2 (5:19-21). Plural, mirroring works_of_the_law’s கிரியைகள் but a distinct referent (deeds the flesh produces, not law-observance). Within the list, பாவசூனியம்/மாந்திரீகம் (φαρμακεία, sorcery) intersects directly with active Tamil folk-magic practice (பில்லி சூனியம், மந்திரவாதம்) — render literally, never euphemized.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: அப்போஸ்தலன்
Transliteration: appostalan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: குரு
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER குரு. Galatians 1:1 sharpens the stakes: Paul is an apostle ‘not from men nor through man’ — apostolic authority is by divine commissioning, not guru-lineage (parampara) succession.
Peace
Approved rendering: சமாதானம்
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Galatians: greeting (1:3), fruit of the Spirit (5:22), benediction on the Israel of God (6:16). Relational peace with God, not merely psychological calm.
Church
Approved rendering: சபை
Transliteration: sabai
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. சபை (assembly/congregation), never கோவில் (Hindu temple). Galatians 1:2 ‘churches of Galatia’ — plural congregations, one gospel.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Rajyam
Doctrine: Kingdom of God
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, fixed phrase copied exactly. Galatians 5:21: those who practice the works of the flesh will not inherit (சுதந்தரிப்பதில்லை) the kingdom of God — inheritance verb links to the heir vocabulary.
Israel
Approved rendering: இஸ்ரவேல்
Transliteration: israel
Doctrine: Israel of God
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Established proper-name form. Galatians 6:16 ‘the Israel of God’ (தேவனுடைய இஸ்ரவேல்) — exegetically debated referent; translate literally and let the ambiguity stand.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: விருத்தசேதனம்
Transliteration: viruthasedhanam
Doctrine: Circumcision and Identity Markers
Rejected alternatives: சுன்னத்து
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum. Established Bible term. Never colloquial சுன்னத்து, which in Tamil society is primarily a Muslim community marker and would misframe Paul’s referent (the Jewish covenant sign demanded by the agitators).
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: அடிமைத்தனத்தின் நுகம்
Transliteration: adimaithanathin nugam
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ζυγὸς δουλείας
Category: Salvation
New in Galatians curriculum (5:1). நுகம் (ox-yoke) is vivid, familiar agrarian imagery in Tamil Nadu; keep concrete.
Mediator
Approved rendering: மத்தியஸ்தன்
Transliteration: mathiyasthan
Doctrine: Law as Temporary Guardian
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (μεσίτης, 3:19-20). Established OV form. The law came through a mediator; the promise came directly — keep the contrast.
Bewitched
Approved rendering: மயக்குதல்
Transliteration: mayakkuthal
Doctrine: Exclusivity of the One Gospel
Rejected alternatives: கண்ணூறு, திருஷ்டி
Original: βασκαίνω
Category: Sin
New in Galatians curriculum (βασκαίνω, 3:1 — OV: ‘உங்களை மயக்கினவன் யார்?’). The Greek verb literally belongs to evil-eye vocabulary, but Paul’s use is rhetorical. NEVER render with கண்ணூறு/திருஷ்டி — Tamil evil-eye culture is pervasive (drishti dots, pumpkins on buildings) and those words would affirm the folk ontology rather than convey the rhetorical rebuke.
Love
Approved rendering: அன்பு
Transliteration: anbu
Doctrine: Liberty, Not License
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி, காதல்
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
New in Galatians curriculum as a memory entry (ἀγάπη: 2:20; 5:6, 13-14, 22). அன்பு carries deep classical Tamil ethical weight (Thirukkural). Never பக்தி — in 2:20 the direction is inverted (the Son loved ME first); never காதல் (romantic). Faith working through love (5:6): விசுவாசம் அன்பினாலே கிரியை செய்கிறது — note this positive use of the works-verb outside law-works contexts is acceptable.
Walk By The Spirit
Approved rendering: ஆவிக்கேற்றபடி நடத்தல்
Transliteration: aavikketrapadi nadathal
Doctrine: Life by the Spirit
Original: πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε
Category: Sanctification
New in Galatians curriculum (πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε, 5:16, 25 — OV idiom). The referent is the Holy Spirit (பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்), not the human spirit and not a yogic interior discipline; the fixed OV idiom carries the divine referent by convention.
Jerusalem Above
Approved rendering: மேலான எருசலேம்
Transliteration: melaana erusalem
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἡ ἄνω Ἰερουσαλήμ
Category: Eschatology
New in Galatians curriculum (4:26 — OV form). The free mother-city of believers; the eschatological city of God, not a celestial realm in the Hindu cosmological (devaloka) sense.
False Brothers
Approved rendering: போலி சகோதரர்கள்
Transliteration: poli sakodhararkal
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority of Paul
Original: ψευδάδελφοι
Category: Church
New in Galatians curriculum, v2 (ψευδάδελφοι, 2:4). Professing believers advocating a false requirement, not outsiders or another religion’s adherents — the threat is internal to the church.
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் நியாயப்பிரமாணம்
Transliteration: kiristhuvin niyayapramanam
Doctrine: Mutual Burden Bearing
Original: ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum, v2 (6:2). Uses நியாயப்பிரமாணம் (the letter’s law-critique word) in a positive, Christ-defined sense; context must carry the shift from temporary Mosaic custodian to Christ’s abiding law of love — do not invent a different lexeme, which would sever the deliberate wordplay.
Low Risk Terms
Abba
Approved rendering: அப்பா
Transliteration: appa
Doctrine: Adoption as Sons
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. OPPORTUNITY: Aramaic ‘Abba’ and Tamil அப்பா are phonetically near-identical and functionally identical — the ordinary Tamil word for father across all religions. Galatians 4:6 lands with unmediated warmth; render the cry ‘அப்பா, பிதாவே’ per OV convention.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ஐக்கியம்
Transliteration: aikkiyam
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: நட்பு
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:9: the right hand of fellowship (ஐக்கியத்தின் வலதுகை) — shared participation in the one gospel mission, not mere friendship (நட்பு).
Abraham
Approved rendering: ஆபிரகாம்
Transliteration: abiragam
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἀβραάμ / אַבְרָהָם
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum as a memory entry. Established Tamil Bible proper-name form (inherited from the Romans requirements doc’s transliteration standards).
Hagar
Approved rendering: ஆகார்
Transliteration: aagaar
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἁγάρ / הָגָר
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (4:24-25). Established OV form. In the allegory she corresponds to the Sinai covenant — not to any present-day people or religion; teaching notes must prevent communal misapplication.
Sarah
Approved rendering: சாராள்
Transliteration: saaraal
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Σάρρα / שָׂרָה
Category: Covenant
New in Galatians curriculum (4:22-31, ‘the free woman’). Established OV form.
Referenced passages