Core Glossary
Core Glossary: The Gospel of Luke (English/Greek → Tamil)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md. It is organized in two parts:
- Part A — Terms inherited verbatim from the baseline Romans-family Language Package (
translation_memory.json,bible_term_registry.json). These are confirmed for reuse with NO deviation; Luke-specific contextual notes are added only where this Gospel introduces a nuance not already documented. - Part B — Terms newly introduced by the Gospel of Luke, proposed for addition to translation memory as version increments once approved.
Risk tiers and review routing follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions: Critical and High require human theologian review at every occurrence; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only.
PART A: Inherited Terms Confirmed for Luke (Reused Exactly, No Deviation)
| English Term | Greek Original | Tamil (baseline, verbatim) | Risk | Luke-Specific Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | கடவுள் | Critical | Reused throughout; never தேவன். Luke’s frequent “God” references (e.g., Magnificat, parables) follow the God-word decision exactly. |
| Lord | κύριος | கர்த்தர் | Critical | ”Spirit of the Lord” (4:18); “Lord of the Sabbath” (6:5); pervasive narrative use. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | இயேசு | Critical | — |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός / Μεσσίας | கிறிஸ்து / மேசியா | Critical | Etymologically linked to the new χρίω/அபிஷேகம் entry (Part B) — Jesus IS the Anointed One this verb names him becoming in 4:18. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | தேவனுடைய குமாரன் | Critical | Luke 1:32, 35; 3:22; 4:3, 9, 41; 8:28; 9:35; 22:70. Never தெய்வப்புத்திரன். |
| Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | தாவீதின் குமாரன் (built on [REUSE] தாவீது) | High | Luke 18:38-39, 20:41-44 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர் | Critical | Pervasive; see 07_semantic_analysis.md Part Three item on Luke’s Pneumatology density (chs. 1-4, 10, 11, 24). |
| salvation | σωτηρία | இரட்சிப்பு | Critical | Luke 1:69, 71, 77; 19:9. Never மோட்சம்/முக்தி. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | இரட்சகர் | Critical | Luke 1:47; 2:11 (“a Savior… Christ the Lord”). |
| to save (verb, σῴζω) | σῴζω | இரட்சித்தல் | High | See extended discussion in 07_semantic_analysis.md, Part Three, item 11 — Luke’s double physical/spiritual sense requires a mandatory translator’s note at every occurrence. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | பாவம் | High | Pervasive |
| forgiveness / to forgive | ἄφεσις / ἀφίημι | மன்னிப்பு | High | Luke 1:77; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 17:3-4; 23:34; 24:47. See CRITICAL cross-reference to the same Greek root’s “release” sense in Part B (release of captives, 4:18). |
| faith | πίστις | விசுவாசம் | High | Pervasive; centurion (7:9), sōzō-texts (7:50 etc.), “increase our faith” (17:5). |
| grace | χάρις | கிருபை | High | Luke 1:30; 2:40, 52 (“the grace/favor of God was upon him”); 4:22. |
| kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம் | Medium | Extremely pervasive in Luke (over 30 occurrences) — the single most frequent Lukan theological phrase. See Part Three discussion of 17:21’s ἐντὸς ὑμῶν. |
| gospel / good news (noun) | εὐαγγέλιον | சுவிசேஷம் | High | Luke uses the verb εὐαγγελίζομαι far more than the noun; see Part B for the verb form. |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη (particular sense) | புறஜாதியார் | High | Luke 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 (context-sensitive with universal “all nations” sense — see Part B). |
| glory | δόξα | மகிமை | High | Luke 2:9, 14, 32; 9:31-32; 21:27; 24:26. |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | மீட்பு | High | Luke 21:28; cf. 1:68 (“redeemed his people,” λύτρωσις, same root). |
| justified | δικαιόω | நீதிமானாக்கப்படுதல் | Critical | Luke 18:14 — Luke’s own justification text; must render identically to the Romans/Galatians doctrine already Critical in the baseline. |
| revelation | ἀποκάλυψις-family | வெளிப்படுத்துதல் | High | Luke 2:32 (“light for revelation to the Gentiles”); 10:21-22. |
| cross | σταυρός | சிலுவை | High | Luke 9:23; 14:27; 23:26, 33. See Part B for the uniquely Lukan “daily” qualifier. |
| Sabbath | σάββατον | ஓய்வுநாள் | Medium | Luke 4:16; 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; 23:56. |
| prophet | προφήτης | தீர்க்கதரிசி | Low | Luke 1:76; 4:24; 7:16, 26; 24:19. |
| Isaiah | Ἠσαΐας | ஏசாயா | Low | Luke 3:4; 4:17. |
| covenant | διαθήκη | உடன்படிக்கை | High | Luke 1:72; 22:20 (see Part B for “new covenant” compound). |
| devil / Satan | διάβολος / σατανᾶς | பிசாசு | High | Luke 4:2-13; 8:12; 10:18; 11:18; 13:16; 22:3, 31. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | சமாதானம் | Medium | Luke 1:79; 2:14, 29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38, 42; 24:36. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | இரக்கம் | Medium | Luke 1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78; 10:37. |
| joy | χαρά | சந்தோஷம் | Medium | Luke 1:14, 44; 2:10; 6:23; 10:17; 15:7, 10, 32; 24:41, 52. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | அப்போஸ்தலன் | Medium | Luke 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10. |
| called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις (conceptual — via καλέω) | அழைக்கப்பட்ட / அழைப்பு | High | Luke 5:32; 14:16-24 (banquet invitation parable, καλέω pervasive) — context-sensitive as in the baseline Romans entry. |
| baptism | βάπτισμα | ஞானஸ்நானம் | Medium | Luke 3:3, 7, 12, 16, 21; 7:29; 12:50; 20:4. |
| Father (God) | πατήρ | பிதா | Critical | Luke 2:49; 10:21-22; 11:2, 13; 22:42; 23:34, 46; 24:49. |
| Abba | — (Aramaic, not in Luke’s Greek text directly but doctrinally continuous with 11:2’s Πάτερ) | அப்பா | Low | Cross-reference only; Luke’s own text uses Πάτερ, not the transliterated Ἀββά found in Mark/Romans/Galatians, but the same warm filial address doctrine applies. |
| heaven | οὐρανός | பரலோகம் | Critical | Luke 2:15; 10:20 (“names written in heaven”); 15:7 (“joy in heaven”); 18:22; 19:38. Never சொர்க்கம்/வைகுண்டம்/கைலாசம். Kept distinct from the NEW term பரதீசு (Paradise, Part B). |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | உயிர்த்தெழுதல் | Critical | Luke 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:6, 34, 46. Never மறுபிறவி. |
| servants of Christ | δοῦλος | ஊழியக்காரர்/ஊழியக்காரி | High | Luke 1:38 (Mary), 1:48 (rare feminine form); 2:29 (Simeon). Never அடியார்/அடியாள். |
PART B: New Terms Introduced by the Gospel of Luke
| English Term | Greek/Aramaic Original | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Tamil Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Tag(s) | Key References | Rejected Alternatives / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| repentance | μετάνοια | metánoia | ”a change of mind,” turning of the whole person to God | மனந்திரும்புதல் | High | [REP] | 3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Rejected: தவம் (merit-generating ascetic austerity — already forbidden category for asceticism in the Colossians package); மனஸ்தாபம் alone (mere regret, under-translates the full redirection) |
| repent (verb) | μετανοέω | metanoéō | to turn one’s mind/direction | மனந்திரும்புதல் செய்தல் / மனந்திரும்புங்கள் | High | [REP] | 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 16:30; 17:3-4 | Same as above |
| disciple | μαθητής | mathētḕs | ”one who is taught/learns” | சீஷன் (pl. சீஷர்கள்) | High | [DISC] | 5:1-11 onward; pervasive | Rejected: மாணவன் (too academically neutral, loses relational/costly sense). Retained சீஷன் despite root-overlap with சிஷ்யன் (Hindu guru-disciple) — mandatory teaching-note distinction required (see 07, Part Three, item 2). |
| poor | πτωχός | ptōchós | economically destitute; socially powerless | ஏழை | Medium | [POOR] | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:19-22; 18:22; 21:3-4 | Must not be conflated with caste-designation vocabulary (தாழ்த்தப்பட்டோர்); distinct socio-economic category |
| tax collector | τελώνης | telṑnēs | toll/revenue collector, socially despised occupation | ஆயக்காரன் | Medium | [TBL] | 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2 | Established Tamil Bible term; no viable alternative needed |
| sinner(s) | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlós | one who transgresses; social-religious outsider category in Luke | பாவி / பாவிகள் | Medium | [REP][TBL] | 5:30, 32; 7:34, 37-39; 15:1-2, 7, 10; 18:13; 19:7 | Derived directly from established பாவம்; low independent risk |
| eat with / table fellowship | συνεσθίω | synesthíō | to eat together with | உடன் சாப்பிடுதல் / பந்தியில் அமர்தல் | High | [TBL] | 5:30; 7:34, 36-39; 15:2; 19:5-7 | Render literally and concretely; resist softening to vague “associate with.” Direct collision with பந்தி பேதம் (caste-segregated communal dining, documented Tamil church-history practice); see 07, Part Three, item 3. |
| compassion (verb, “moved with compassion”) | σπλαγχνίζομαι | splanchnízomai | ”to be moved in the inward parts/bowels” | மனதுருகி இரங்குதல் | Medium | [TBL] | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | Rejected: பரிதாபம் (generic pity, loses active/costly follow-through) |
| widow | χήρα | chḕra | a woman whose husband has died | விதவை | Medium | [POOR][TBL] | 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:3-5; 20:47; 21:2-3 | No lexical syncretism risk; sociologically significant given Tamil widow-marginalization patterns; teaching-note opportunity |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης | Samarítēs | member of the religious-ethnic Samaritan community | சமாரியன் (pl. சமாரியர்) | Medium-High | [SAV] | 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16 | Proper-noun/ethnonym transliteration; do not let teaching material insert a specific Tamil social/caste category as a direct equivalence in the text itself |
| neighbor | πλησίον | plēsíon | ”the one near,” fellow human deserving of active mercy | அயலான் | Medium-High | [SAV][TBL] | 10:27, 29, 36 | Must preserve the lawyer’s redefinition: neighbor is defined by acting mercifully, not shared ethnicity/religion |
| Mammon | μαμωνᾷ | mamōnâ | Aramaic personification of wealth as rival master | மம்மோன் (transliteration retained) | Medium | [POOR] | 16:9, 11, 13 | Periphrasis (உலகப்பொருள்) acceptable as an alternate; transliteration preferred, consistent with Abba/அப்பா precedent of retaining foreign loanwords |
| Paradise | παράδεισος | parádeisos | walled garden (Persian loanword via Greek) | பரதீசு | Medium | [SAV][KGD] | 23:43 | Kept lexically distinct from பரலோகம் (heaven, Critical baseline term); no direct Hindu-collision risk as a loanword |
| release (of captives) | ἄφεσις (captivity sense) | áphesis | ”a sending-away, a release” | விடுதலை | Critical | [SAV][POOR][KGD] | 4:18 (twice) | Same Greek root as “forgiveness” (Part A); inherits ALL cautions from the baseline Galatians “freedom” entry (Dravidian/LTTE political register; moksha-adjacent register). Mandatory cross-reference note to 1:77’s மன்னிப்பு at every occurrence. See 07, core passage v.18. |
| captives | αἰχμάλωτος | aichmálōtos | one taken by the spear; a war-captive/prisoner | சிறைப்பட்டோர் | Low-Medium | [SAV][POOR] | 4:18 | Concrete image should not be entirely allegorized away |
| oppressed / crushed | τεθραυσμένος | tethrausménos | ”having been shattered/crushed” | நொடுங்குண்டோர் / நசுக்கப்பட்டோர் | Low-Medium | [POOR] | 4:18 | Flag for native speaker confirmation of most natural Bible-register phrase |
| blind | τυφλός | typhlós | sightless; also a metaphor for spiritual incomprehension | குருடர் | Low | [POOR] | 4:18; 6:39; 7:21-22; 14:13, 21; 18:35-43 | Preserve physical/spiritual double register in teaching notes |
| recovery of sight | ἀνάβλεψις | anáblepsis | ”a looking-up-again” | பார்வை பெறுதல் | Low | [POOR] | 4:18 | — |
| anoint (verb, consecration) | χρίω | chríō | to smear with oil; ceremonially, to consecrate for office | அபிஷேகம் பண்ணுதல் | High | [SAV][SPI] | 4:18 | Established Tamil Bible OT-anointing term but collides with the highly visible Hindu temple-consecration ritual (kumbabhishekam, murti-anointing). Retained as the established term (no untainted native alternative), but every occurrence requires theologian-reviewed teaching-note framing: a unique, personal, once-for-all messianic consecration, not a repeated ritual applied to an image. |
| anoint (verb, mundane/devotional) | ἀλείφω | aleíphō | to rub/smear with oil or perfume | தைலம் பூசுதல் | Medium | [TBL] | 7:38, 46 | Must be kept lexically distinct from அபிஷேகம் (χρίω, above) — an act of costly personal devotion/honor, not messianic consecration |
| proclaim/preach (herald-verb) | κηρύσσω | kērýssō | to proclaim as a herald, announce with public authority | பிரசங்கித்தல் | Low | [SAV] | 4:18-19, 44; 8:1, 39; 9:2, 60; 12:3; 24:47 | Distinct register from generic “announce” (அறிவித்தல்), reserved for formal gospel proclamation |
| acceptable year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | eniautòs Kyríou dektós | ”a year of the Lord that is welcome/favorable” — Jubilee echo | கர்த்தருடைய அநுக்கிரக ஆண்டு | Medium | [SAV][KGD][POOR] | 4:19 | Requires explicit Leviticus 25 Jubilee background teaching note; no direct lexical syncretism risk |
| today (theological keyword) | σήμερον | sḕmeron | ”today” — marks the present-tense in-breaking of salvation | இன்று | Medium | [KGD][SAV] | 4:21; 19:9; 23:43 | Lexically plain but doctrinally load-bearing; mandate a standing cross-reference across all three occurrences |
| scroll | βιβλίον | biblíon | scroll/book (first-century scroll format) | புத்தகச்சுருள் | Low-Medium | — | 4:17, 20 | Plain புத்தகம் risks a modern bound-book mental image that obscures the unroll/re-roll action described in the text |
| synagogue | συναγωγή | synagōgḕ | assembly; the Jewish congregational meeting-place | ஜெப ஆலயம் | Low | — | 4:16, 20, 28, 33, 44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10; 21:12 | Kept lexically distinct from ஆலயம் (temple, established Ephesians/Colossians church-doctrine term) and கோவில் (Hindu temple, forbidden) |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huiòs toû anthrṑpou | technical self-designation combining Daniel 7 apocalyptic authority and full, humble humanity | மனுஷ குமாரன் | High | [SAV][KGD] | 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22-30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7 | Fixed phrase, never varied; must not be flattened to a generic “a person” circumlocution nor collapsed into a purely triumphal title losing its humility pole |
| daily [cross-bearing] | καθ’ ἡμέραν (modifying αἴρειν τὸν σταυρόν) | kath’ hēméran | ”according to the day,” i.e., daily/every day | தினமும் | Medium | [DISC] | 9:23 | Uniquely Lukan addition (absent from Matthew/Mark parallels); flag for teaching emphasis on ongoing, everyday discipleship rather than a single decisive moment |
| lost | ἀπολωλός | apolōlós | ”having gone missing/perished” — a sought, valued, recoverable state, not a fixed condition | காணாமற்போன(து) | Medium | [REP] | 15:4, 6, 8-9, 17, 24, 32; 19:10 | Rejected: கெட்டுப்போன (spoiled/ruined — carries a moralizing, near-permanent-ruin connotation closer to karma-adjacent registers) |
| blessed | μακάριος | makários | God’s pronounced favor on a state of life | பாக்கியவான் | Medium | [POOR][KGD] | 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:28; 12:37-38, 43; 14:14-15; 23:29 | Must not read as luck/fortune (a colloquial sense of the cognate பாக்கியம்) |
| woe | οὐαί | ouaí | exclamation of judgment/lament | ஐயோ | Low | [POOR] | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22 | — |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainḕ diathḕkē | ”new covenant,” echoing Jeremiah 31:31-34 | புதிய உடன்படிக்கை | Medium | [SAV][REP] | 22:20 | Compound of established உடன்படிக்கை + புதிய; must carry the Jeremiah background, not a generic-contract sense |
| renounce/give up all | ἀποτάσσομαι | apotássomai | to say farewell to, give up, renounce | எல்லாவற்றையும் விட்டுவிடுதல் | High | [DISC] | 14:33 | Rejected: துறவு / துறவறம் (the honored Tamil ascetic-renunciate technical vocabulary — already handled carefully for a different purpose in the Colossians package’s asceticism entry); descriptive phrase preferred to avoid re-coding gospel discipleship as formal ascetic renunciation |
| hate (hyperbolic, relative priority) | μισέω | miséō | Semitic idiom: to love less/prioritize below, not literal hatred | வெறுத்தல்/பகைத்தல் (with mandatory hyperbole note) | Medium | [DISC] | 14:26 | Handle carefully given the high cultural value Tamil society places on family loyalty and filial duty |
| disabled / lame | ἀνάπειρος / χωλός | anápeiros / chōlós | physically disabled; lame | ஊனமுற்றோர் / முடவர் | Medium-High | [POOR][TBL] | 14:13, 21 | Paired with ஏழை and குருடர் in the Great Banquet’s guest list — a programmatic statement of doctrines [POOR] and [TBL] together |
| all nations (universal sense) | πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | pánta tà éthnē | ”all the nations/peoples,” inclusive of Jew and Gentile alike | தேசங்கள் யாவும் / சகல ஜாதிகளும் | High | [SAV] | 24:47 (cf. 21:24) | Context-sensitive counterpart to the particular “Gentiles” sense of ἔθνη already covered by புறஜாதியார் in Part A; caution that ஜாதி-family vocabulary sits near Tamil caste terminology |
| gospel (verb form, “to proclaim good news”) | εὐαγγελίζομαι | euaggelízomai | verb form of εὐαγγέλιον | சுவிசேஷம் அறிவித்தல் / சுவிசேஷிக்க | Low | [SAV] | 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18, 43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1 | Built directly on established சுவிசேஷம்; no independent risk |
| angel | ἄγγελος | ángelos | messenger; a sent divine agent | தூதன் | Low | [SPI] | 1:11-38; 2:9-15; 9:26; 12:8-9; 15:10; 16:22; 24:23 | Not a class of minor deity; a sent, personal messenger of the one God |
Cross-Cutting Risk Notes for Phase 2 Implementation
-
The ἄφεσις wordplay (release/forgiveness) is the single highest-priority consistency item in this glossary. Every occurrence of ἄφεσις or its verb ἀφίημι across Luke (1:77; 3:3; 4:18 [×2]; 5:20-24; 6:37; 7:47-49; 11:4; 17:3-4; 23:34; 24:47) must be checked against context to determine whether மன்னிப்பு (forgiveness) or விடுதலை (release) is doctrinally correct, and a standing cross-reference note must accompany the first occurrence of each in Phase 2 output.
-
The three “today” (σήμερον) texts — 4:21, 19:9, 23:43 — must be tagged as a linked set in the segment cache so back-translation review can verify consistent theological framing (present-tense, in-breaking salvation) across all three.
-
σῴζω’s double sense (heal/save) requires a mandatory translator’s note at every occurrence (7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42; cf. 19:9-10), per the discussion in
07_semantic_analysis.md. -
Table fellowship texts (5:30; 7:34, 36-39; 15:2; 19:5-7) are elevated to the same theologian-review tier as the baseline’s caste/no-distinctions texts (Galatians 3:28; Colossians 3:11), given the direct, documented collision with Tamil commensality practice (பந்தி பேதம்).
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Luke 17:21 (kingdom “in your midst,” not “within you”) requires mandatory theologian review given its direct collision risk with the Colossians package’s already-Critical அந்தர்யாமி/inner-divine-spark caution.
-
New terms in this glossary should be submitted to the Phase 2 translation memory as a version increment (per
translation_memory.json’s versioning convention) before any Luke segment translation begins, consistent with the AI requirements document’s “new theological term” protocol.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Pervasive throughout Luke, including the Magnificat, Benedictus, the parables, and Jesus’ own address of God; never தேவன்.
Lord
Approved rendering: கர்த்தர்
Transliteration: karthar
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: எஜமான்
Original: κύριος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 4:18’s ‘Spirit of the Lord’ (Πνεῦμα Κυρίου) and 2:11’s ‘Christ the Lord’ both require full exclusive Lordship force, not a generic honorific.
Father
Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke’s own Lord’s Prayer opens with the simple Πάτερ (11:2), distinct from the transliterated Aramaic Ἀββά found in Mark/Romans/Galatians; the same warm filial-address doctrine applies at every occurrence (2:49; 10:21-22; 11:2; 22:42; 23:34, 46).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: Parisutha Aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா, சக்தி
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke has the highest density of explicit Spirit-language of any Synoptic Gospel (1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25-27; 3:16, 22; 4:1, 14, 18; 10:21; 11:13; 24:49). சக்தி is additionally barred here beyond the inherited பிரம்மம்/பரமாத்மா prohibitions, given the Amman/village-goddess collision documented for the Spirit’s anointing of Jesus.
Jesus
Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Established Tamil Christian standard form throughout Luke.
Christ
Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: kiristhu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 2:11, 26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 22:67; 23:2, 35, 39; 24:26, 46. Directly linked to the anoint_consecration entry below, since Luke 4:18 is the narrative moment the title is enacted.
Messiah
Approved rendering: மேசியா
Transliteration: mesiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Used alongside கிறிஸ்து; never framed as one of a class of divine or avatar figures.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய குமாரன்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Kumaran
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தெய்வப்புத்திரன்
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:32, 35; 3:22, 38 (via Adam); 4:3, 9, 41; 8:28; 9:35; 22:70. Never தெய்வப்புத்திரன், which would place Christ within a pantheon of divine sons as Murugan and Pillaiyar are ranked in Tamil Shaiva devotion.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:1-12, 34, 46. Jesus’ own Sadducee debate (‘God of the living, not of the dead,’ 20:37-38) is a direct positive doctrinal argument against a cyclical-rebirth reading.
Salvation
Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பு
Transliteration: iratchippu
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:69, 71, 77; 19:9 (‘today salvation has come to this house’). Cross-referenced with the core passage’s ‘today’ motif (4:21; 19:9; 23:43).
Savior
Approved rendering: இரட்சகர்
Transliteration: iratchagar
Doctrine: Christ as Savior
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:47; 2:11 (‘a Savior… Christ the Lord’). A personal deliverer-God, never a liberation-guide or moksha-granting figure.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Rajyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package baseline (there rated Medium); RISK TIER ELEVATED TO CRITICAL FOR THIS BOOK. The elevation is driven entirely by Luke 17:21’s ἐντὸς ὑμῶν translation decision (see kingdom_within_or_among below) and the sheer frequency of the phrase (30+ occurrences). Both the present (11:20; 17:21; 13:18-21) and future (21:31; 22:16, 18) poles must be preserved without collapsing either into the other.
Justification
Approved rendering: நீதிமானாக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: neethimanaakkappaduthal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: மன்னிப்பு பெறுதல்
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 18:14 is Luke’s own δικαιόω/justification text (‘this man went down to his house justified’) and must render identically to the Romans/Galatians Critical doctrine, directly connecting a Pauline forensic-declaration term to a Gospel parable.
Heaven
Approved rendering: பரலோகம்
Transliteration: paralogam
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: சொர்க்கம், வைகுண்டம், கைலாசம், மோட்சலோகம்
Original: οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 2:15; 10:20 (‘names written in heaven’); 15:7 (‘joy in heaven’); 18:22; 19:38. Kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from பரதீசு (Paradise, new term below).
Release From Captivity
Approved rendering: விடுதலை
Transliteration: viduthalai
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: முக்தி, மோட்சம், வீடுபேறு
Original: ἄφεσις (captivity sense)
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM naming the SAME Greek root (ἄφεσις/ἀφίημι) as forgiveness above, but requiring a different Tamil lexeme — the physical/social release proclaimed in the core passage’s Isaiah quotation (Luke 4:18, twice: ‘release to the captives’ and ‘to set at liberty [ἐν ἀφέσει] those who are oppressed’). Inherits every caution from the baseline Galatians ‘freedom’ entry: Tamil political-liberation register (Dravidian movement rhetoric; Sri Lankan Tamil armed-struggle vocabulary, விடுதலைப் புலிகள்) and moksha-adjacent liberation-from-rebirth register. Mandatory cross-reference note to 1:77’s மன்னிப்பு at every occurrence; mandatory theologian review confirming the core passage is never read as endorsing a specific contemporary political movement.
Chosen One Election
Approved rendering: தெரிந்துகொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: therinthu-kolluthal
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தலைவிதி, ஊழ்வினை
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλελεγμένος
Category: Salvation
NEW APPLICATION of the inherited Romans election root. Applied at the Transfiguration to Christ himself (‘This is my Son, my Chosen One,’ 9:35) and to the elect who cry for vindication (18:7). Never தலைவிதி or ஊழ்வினை (fatalism/karmic destiny). At 9:35 it reinforces the already-Critical Sonship doctrine by naming Christ’s unique elect status within the Godhead’s plan, not mere favoritism.
Kingdom Within Or Among
Approved rendering: உங்கள் நடுவே
Transliteration: ungal naduve
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God: Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: உங்களுக்குள்
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM, one of the highest-risk single decisions in the whole Gospel. Renders ἐντὸς ὑμῶν (Luke 17:21). உங்களுக்குள் (‘within you, inside each of you’) would collide directly with the baseline’s already-Critical caution against Vedantic/Vishishtadvaita indwelling categories (அந்தர்யாமி, the inner controller present in all beings) forbidden in the Colossians ‘christ_in_you’ entry. Luke’s point is that the Kingdom is present in Christ standing visibly among his hearers, not a latent inner divine reality. Mandatory theologian review at the single occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: பாவம்
Transliteration: paavam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: தீவினை
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Pervasive, especially the healing/forgiveness controversies (5:20-24) and the sinful-woman narrative (7:37-49).
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: மன்னிப்பு
Transliteration: mannippu
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις (sin sense) / ἀφίημι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:77; 5:20-24; 6:37; 7:47-49; 11:4; 17:3-4; 23:34; 24:47. CRITICAL CROSS-REFERENCE: same Greek word-family (ἄφεσις/ἀφίημι) as release_from_captivity below (Luke 4:18) — mandatory standing teaching note connecting the two Tamil lexemes at every first occurrence in a lesson unit.
Faith
Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. The centurion’s faith (7:9, exceeding Israel’s) and the sōzō-texts (7:50 etc.) directly serve doctrine SAV.
Grace
Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:30; 2:40, 52 (‘the grace of God was upon him’); 4:22 (‘gracious words’). The prapatti-comparison caution already documented in the baseline applies with equal force.
Gospel
Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷம்
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: நல்ல செய்தி
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke favors the verb form (see gospel_verb below) over this noun.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: புறஜாதியார்
Transliteration: purajathiyar
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη (particular sense)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 (context-sensitive against the universal ‘all nations’ sense — see all_nations_universal below). ஜாதி’s proximity to caste vocabulary in Tamil Nadu’s politically charged context remains an active caution.
Glory
Approved rendering: மகிமை
Transliteration: magimai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 2:9, 14, 32; 9:31-32; 21:27; 24:26. Keep the doxological exclamation ‘glory in the highest’ (2:14) contextually distinct from உன்னதங்களில் (the separate Ephesians ‘heavenly places’ technical term).
Redemption
Approved rendering: மீட்பு
Transliteration: meetpu
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:68 (‘redeemed his people’); 21:28 (‘your redemption draws near’). Never விடுதலை here — that lexeme is reserved for the different ἄφεσις-family sense at release_from_captivity below; never முக்தி.
Revelation
Approved rendering: வெளிப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: veliyppaduthuthal
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority of Paul
Original: ἀποκάλυψις-family
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 2:32 (‘light for revelation to the Gentiles’); 10:21-22. Must not be rendered as a generic vision, dream, or mystical experience.
Cross
Approved rendering: சிலுவை
Transliteration: siluvai
Doctrine: Substitutionary Curse-Bearing
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 9:23; 14:27; 23:26, 33. See daily_cross_bearing below for Luke’s uniquely added ‘daily’ qualifier.
Covenant
Approved rendering: உடன்படிக்கை
Transliteration: udanpadikkai
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ஒப்பந்தம்
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:72; 22:20 (see new_covenant compound below).
Devil
Approved rendering: பிசாசு
Transliteration: pisaasu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: பேய்
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 4:2-13; 8:12; 10:18; 11:18; 13:16; 22:3, 31. Not one more manageable affliction-spirit within the folk taxonomy (பேய், முனி) but one defeated personal ruler.
Called
Approved rendering: அழைக்கப்பட்ட
Transliteration: azhaikkappatta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: அழைப்பு பெற்ற
Original: καλέω (κλητός/κλῆσις conceptually)
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Context-sensitive as in the baseline entry: Luke 5:32 (call to repentance), 14:16-24 (banquet invitation).
Calling
Approved rendering: அழைப்பு
Transliteration: azhaippu
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Noun form for the act or state of being called by God.
Servants Of Christ
Approved rendering: ஊழியக்காரர் / ஊழியக்காரி
Transliteration: oozhiyakkaarar / oozhiyakkaari
Doctrine: Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: அடியார், அடியாள்
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package baseline (Philippians distinction); reused exactly. Luke 1:38 (Mary), 1:48; 2:29 (Simeon). NEVER அடியார்/அடியாள் (the Shaiva devotee-servant title) — Mary’s and Simeon’s submission is to the personal call of the one true God, not devotional bhakti self-designation.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: மனுஷ குமாரன்
Transliteration: manusha kumaran
Doctrine: The Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: ஒரு மனிதன் (generic circumlocution for ‘a person’)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW TERM for Luke. Jesus’ technical self-designation combining Daniel 7:13-14’s apocalyptic authority with full, humble, suffering humanity. Fixed, invariant phrase at every occurrence (5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22-30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7). Must never be flattened into generic ‘a person’ language nor collapsed into a purely triumphal divine title; both the humble pole and the glorious pole must coexist across the Gospel.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: தாவீதின் குமாரன்
Transliteration: thaaveethin kumaran
Doctrine: The Davidic Covenant and Messianic Lineage
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM built on inherited தாவீது. Luke 18:38-39 (blind beggar’s cry); 20:41-44 (Jesus’ own question about the Christ and David). Requires OT covenant background note given documented low OT narrative literacy among first-generation Tamil believers.
Anoint Consecration
Approved rendering: அபிஷேகம் பண்ணுதல்
Transliteration: abhishekam pannuthal
Doctrine: The Spirit’s Anointing of Jesus for Ministry
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Renders χρίω (Luke 4:18), the verb generating the title Χριστός. Established Tamil Bible OT-anointing term retained despite colliding with Tamil Nadu’s highly visible living ritual practice of Kumbabhishekam (periodic temple re-consecration) and personal devotional abhishekam performed on murti images; no untainted native alternative exists, and Tamil OT tradition already uses this term for Saul’s/David’s/priests’ anointing without confusion accruing over centuries. Every occurrence requires mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching-note framing: this consecrates a living person, once, for a unique messianic office — never a ritual repeated on a lifeless image.
Ascension
Approved rendering: பரலோகத்திற்கு எடுத்துக்கொள்ளப்படுதல்
Transliteration: paralogathirku eduthukkollappaduthal
Doctrine: The Ascension and the Great Commission
Original: ἀνελήμφθη εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν / διέστη ἀπ’ αὐτῶν
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Jesus’ visible, bodily departure into heaven (Luke 24:50-51), rendered descriptively using the inherited பரலோகம். Must read as a historical, bodily, once event completing the resurrection appearances — never an allegory of the soul’s release (moksha-adjacent) nor a repeatable divine ascent/descent pattern (avatar-adjacent).
Save Heal Sozo
Approved rendering: இரட்சித்தல்
Transliteration: iratchithal
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
NEW NUANCE on the REUSE root இரட்சிப்பு. Renders σῴζω’s deliberate double sense (heal AND save at once) at Luke 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42 (cf. 19:9-10). Tamil naturally splits this into இரட்சித்தல் (save) and குணமாக்குதல்/சுகமாக்குதல் (heal) — no single verb carries both. Default to இரட்சித்தது at every occurrence, per Luke’s own narrative logic treating bodily restoration as evidentiary of the deeper salvation-declaration, but MANDATE a translator’s note at every occurrence flagging the lost double meaning.
Repentance
Approved rendering: மனந்திரும்புதல்
Transliteration: manandhirumbuthal
Doctrine: Repentance and Conversion
Rejected alternatives: தவம், மனஸ்தாபம்
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance
NEW TERM, foundational for this curriculum. ‘A change of mind,’ a Spirit-enabled turning of the whole person to God. Luke 3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 17:3-4; 24:47. Must be actively distinguished from தவம் (merit-generating ascetic austerity, already forbidden elsewhere in this pipeline for asceticism) and from மனஸ்தாபம் (mere regret, which under-translates the full-person redirection). Must be locked at first occurrence (3:3) since it recurs across the whole Gospel.
Table Fellowship
Approved rendering: உடன் சாப்பிடுதல் / பந்தியில் அமர்தல்
Transliteration: udan saappiduthal / pandhiyil amarthal
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: உடன் இணைந்திருத்தல் (softened ‘associates with’)
Original: συνεσθίω
Category: Table Fellowship
NEW TERM. Renders συνεσθίω literally and concretely. Direct, specific collision with பந்தி பேதம் — documented historical (and in places persisting) caste-segregated seating and serving order at communal meals, including instances within Tamil church history itself. Luke 5:30; 7:34, 36-39; 15:2; 19:5-7. Elevated to the same theologian-review tier as the baseline’s Galatians 3:28/Colossians 3:11 no-distinctions texts.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: சமாரியன்
Transliteration: samaariyan
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to Samaritans and Religious Outsiders
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM, proper ethnonym transliteration. Luke 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16. Teaching material must never insert a specific present-day Tamil social or caste category as a direct textual equivalence for ‘Samaritan,’ even while drawing the structural parallel (an excluded outsider as the story’s moral hero) pastorally.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: அயலான்
Transliteration: ayalaan
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to Samaritans and Religious Outsiders
Original: πλησίον
Category: Table Fellowship
NEW TERM. Luke 10:27, 29, 36. Must preserve the lawyer’s redefinition-defying answer: the neighbor is not defined by shared ethnicity/religion but by active mercy shown, and the question is reversed from ‘who qualifies as my neighbor’ to ‘who acted as a neighbor.‘
Renounce All
Approved rendering: எல்லாவற்றையும் விட்டுவிடுதல்
Transliteration: ellaavatraiyum vittuviduthal
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: துறவு, துறவறம்
Original: ἀποτάσσομαι
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Renders ἀποτάσσομαι (Luke 14:33). Deliberately rejects the honored Tamil ascetic-renunciate technical vocabulary (an entire division of the Thirukkural; the discipline explicitly practiced by Tamil Siddhar ascetics), which would recode gospel discipleship as formal world-renunciation most Lukan disciples do not actually adopt (Zacchaeus keeps his house; Levi keeps his trade).
Disabled Lame
Approved rendering: ஊனமுற்றோர் / முடவர்
Transliteration: oonamutror / mudavar
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάπειρος / χωλός
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. Luke 14:13, 21. Paired with ஏழை and குருடர் in the Great Banquet’s guest list — a programmatic statement of doctrines POOR and TBL together; must not be softened into generic charity language, since the banquet’s radical inclusivity intersects with the caste-commensality collision documented under table_fellowship.
All Nations Universal
Approved rendering: தேசங்கள் யாவும் / சகல ஜாதிகளும்
Transliteration: dhesangal yaavum / sagala jaadhigalum
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM, context-sensitive counterpart to gentiles above, exactly parallel to the baseline’s context-sensitive treatment of κλητός/‘called.’ Luke 24:47 (cf. 21:24). Must not be narrowed to ‘non-Jews only,’ and the Jew/Gentile distinction of 2:32 must not be flattened into a vague ‘everyone.‘
Disciple
Approved rendering: சீஷன்
Transliteration: seeshan
Doctrine: The Call and Following of Disciples
Rejected alternatives: மாணவன்
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Pervasive from 5:1 onward. Established, unavoidable Tamil Christian term, but shares its root with சிஷ்யன், the Hindu guru-shishya tradition’s technical term for a devotee pursuing personal enlightenment under a spiritual master — a sharper near-homophone collision than the baseline’s அப்போஸ்தலன்/குரு caution. No untainted alternative exists (மாணவன் is too academically neutral). Mandatory standing teaching note distinguishing gospel discipleship — grace-initiated, sent into costly mission, Kingdom-oriented — from the guru-shishya ideal.
Prayer
Approved rendering: ஜெபம்
Transliteration: jebam
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
NEW TERM, established Tamil Christian vocabulary with no syncretism risk in the word itself. Luke 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18, 28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1-8; 22:39-46. Contextual risk: must be distinguished from பூஜை (temple ritual petition) and நேர்த்திக்கடன் (transactional vow-offering economy) in teaching notes.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: இரகசியம்
Transliteration: iragasiyam
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God: Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: மறைஞானம், மறைபொருள்
Original: τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
REUSE of the baseline இரகசியம் (Colossians/Ephesians ‘mystery’ entry), applied to Luke 8:10’s ‘mysteries of the kingdom of God.’ Must never read as esoteric guarded initiate-knowledge (guru-given secret initiation, உபதேசம்/தீட்சை); Luke’s own text contrasts ‘given to you’ against ‘others’ — handle so it is not read as spiritual elitism.
Legion Demons
Approved rendering: பிசாசுகள் / லேகியோன்
Transliteration: pisaasugal / legiyon
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Christ’s Authority over Evil
Original: δαιμόνια / Λεγιών
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM. Luke 8:26-39. Inherits the same cautions as the baseline’s ‘principalities and powers’ entries: must not map onto the village spirit-taxonomy (பேய், முனி) as one more manageable affliction-spirit; Jesus’ authority over Legion is total and immediate, prefiguring the same defeated-powers doctrine documented in the Colossians/Ephesians packages.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: சமாதானம்
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:79; 2:14, 29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38, 42; 24:36.
Mercy
Approved rendering: இரக்கம்
Transliteration: irakkam
Doctrine: Love of God and Christ
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Table Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78; 10:37. Keep distinct from கிருபை (grace) and from the stronger, action-triggering compassion verb (see compassion below).
Joy
Approved rendering: சந்தோஷம்
Transliteration: santhosham
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering
Original: χαρά
Category: Table Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:14, 44; 2:10; 6:23; 10:17; 15:7, 10, 32; 24:41, 52. The joy-over-repentance texts (15:7, 10) are doctrinally central to REP.
Apostle
Approved rendering: அப்போஸ்தலன்
Transliteration: appostalan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: குரு
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10.
Baptism
Approved rendering: ஞானஸ்நானம்
Transliteration: gnanasnanam
Doctrine: Baptism
Rejected alternatives: தீர்த்தம், புனித நீராடல்
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Institutions
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 3:3, 7, 12, 16, 21; 7:29; 12:50; 20:4.
David
Approved rendering: தாவீது
Transliteration: thaaveethu
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Base for the son_of_david compound below.
Anoint Mundane
Approved rendering: தைலம் பூசுதல்
Transliteration: thailam poosuthal
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἀλείφω
Category: Table Fellowship
NEW TERM. Renders ἀλείφω (Luke 7:38, 46) — a mundane, personal act of devotion and honor, a different Greek verb from the technical consecration-verb χρίω. Must be kept lexically distinct from அபிஷேகம் பண்ணுதல் (anoint_consecration above) so Luke’s own deliberate distinction is not erased.
Lost
Approved rendering: காணாமற்போன(து)
Transliteration: kaanaamatrpona(thu)
Doctrine: Heaven’s Joy over One Sinner Who Repents
Rejected alternatives: கெட்டுப்போன
Original: ἀπολωλός
Category: Repentance
NEW TERM. Something/someone of value that has strayed or gone missing and is actively, joyfully sought and recovered by a seeking God. Luke 15:4, 6, 8-9, 17, 24, 32; 19:10. AVOID கெட்டுப்போன (spoiled/ruined/corrupted), which carries a moralizing, near-permanent-ruin connotation closer to the karma-adjacent registers this pipeline elsewhere excludes.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: புதிய உடன்படிக்கை
Transliteration: puthiya udanpadikkai
Doctrine: The New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW COMPOUND on the REUSE baseline உடன்படிக்கை. Luke 22:20. Must connect to its Jeremiah 31:31-34 background (an internalized covenant of forgiveness) rather than being read as a generic contractual agreement.
Sinners
Approved rendering: பாவி / பாவிகள்
Transliteration: paavi / paavigal
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
NEW TERM derived directly from the inherited பாவம். Luke 5:30, 32; 7:34, 37-39; 15:1-2, 7, 10; 18:13; 19:7. Must be kept as the actual referent in the joy-over-repentance texts (15:7, 10), not softened into ‘mistaken person.‘
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: ஆயக்காரன்
Transliteration: aayakkaaran
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Table Fellowship
NEW TERM, established Tamil Bible term with no viable alternative needed. Luke 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2. Must remain the concrete, socially despised occupation Luke stages Jesus dining with, not softened into neutral ‘government employee’ register.
Compassion
Approved rendering: மனதுருகி இரங்குதல்
Transliteration: manathurugi irangudhal
Doctrine: The Active, Costly Compassion of Christ
Rejected alternatives: பரிதாபம்
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Table Fellowship
NEW TERM. Renders σπλαγχνίζομαι (Luke 7:13; 10:33; 15:20), the Greek NT’s strongest verb for gut-level, active compassion, always followed by costly action. Reject பரிதாபம் (generic pity), which loses the active, costly follow-through defining this term in every occurrence; stronger than இரக்கம் (mercy).
Widow
Approved rendering: விதவை
Transliteration: vidhavai
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Socially Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. No lexical syncretism risk, but sociologically significant given Tamil widow-marginalization patterns (remarriage stigma, social exclusion still present in parts of Tamil society). Luke 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4.
Mammon
Approved rendering: மம்மோன்
Transliteration: mammon
Doctrine: Warning Against Wealth and the Rival Master Mammon
Original: μαμωνᾷ
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. An Aramaic loanword personifying wealth as a rival spiritual master. Transliteration retained, consistent with this pipeline’s established practice of preserving foreign loanwords untranslated (cf. Abba/அப்பா). Luke 16:9, 11, 13. Periphrasis உலகப்பொருள் acceptable as a gloss, not a replacement.
Paradise
Approved rendering: பரதீசு
Transliteration: paradheesu
Doctrine: The Ascension and the Great Commission
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM, already an established Tamil Bible transliteration of a Persian-derived loanword. Luke 23:43. Kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from பரலோகம் (heaven); because பரதீசு is a loanword with no native Tamil religious referent, it carries essentially no direct Hindu-collision risk.
Today Theological
Approved rendering: இன்று
Transliteration: indru
Doctrine: Messianic Fulfillment in Jesus (Core Passage Thesis)
Original: σήμερον
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Lexically plain but doctrinally load-bearing. Luke 4:21; 19:9; 23:43 form a deliberately linked set marking the present-tense in-breaking of salvation; mandate a standing cross-reference note across all three occurrences so it is never flattened into a mere narrative time-stamp.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: கர்த்தருடைய அநுக்கிரக ஆண்டு
Transliteration: karthar udaiya anukkiraga aandu
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
NEW COMPOSITE TERM built on inherited கர்த்தர். Luke 4:19, echoing Leviticus 25’s Jubilee (periodic release of debts, land, and slaves) and Isaiah 61:2. No ready analogue in Tamil festival culture; requires mandatory explanatory teaching note given documented low OT narrative literacy.
Daily Cross Bearing
Approved rendering: தினமும்
Transliteration: thinamum
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: καθ’ ἡμέραν (modifying αἴρειν τὸν σταυρόν)
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. ‘Take up his cross daily’ (Luke 9:23) — a uniquely Lukan addition absent from the Matthew/Mark parallels, converting the cross from a single decisive moment into the ongoing shape of everyday discipleship. Must be treated as a mandatory, non-optional element; do not allow paraphrase that silently drops it.
Hate Hyperbolic
Approved rendering: வெறுத்தல் / பகைத்தல்
Transliteration: veruthal / pagaithal
Doctrine: Discipleship and Reordered Family Priorities
Original: μισέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Semitic idiom (μισέω, Luke 14:26) meaning to love less/prioritize below, not literal hatred. Must be handled carefully given the exceptionally high cultural value Tamil society places on family loyalty and filial duty; mandatory hyperbole note at every occurrence.
Captives
Approved rendering: சிறைப்பட்டோர்
Transliteration: siraippattor
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18. Evokes the Babylonian exile in Isaiah’s original setting, broadened by Luke to spiritual/social bondage; the concrete image should not be entirely allegorized away, but neither read as literal prison-ministry alone.
Oppressed Crushed
Approved rendering: நொடுங்குண்டோர் / நசுக்கப்பட்டோர்
Transliteration: nodungundor / nasukkappattor
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: τεθραυσμένος
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18. Flag for native speaker confirmation of the most natural established Tamil Bible phrase at this exact verse.
Poor
Approved rendering: ஏழை
Transliteration: ezhai
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: தாழ்த்தப்பட்டோர்
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM, plain and non-technical, carrying no inherited religious loading. Luke 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:19-22; 18:22; 21:3-4. Must be kept lexically and conceptually distinct from caste-designation vocabulary; Luke’s ‘poor’ is a socio-economic and spiritual category cutting across caste lines, not itself a caste category.
Blessed
Approved rendering: பாக்கியவான்
Transliteration: paakkiyavaan
Doctrine: The Great Reversal of Rich and Poor
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:28; 12:37-38, 43; 14:14-15; 23:29. Must convey God’s pronounced favor on a state of life, not luck/fortune (a colloquial sense of the cognate பாக்கியம்). Luke’s Beatitudes address ‘you poor’ directly in the second person.
Low Risk Terms
Abba
Approved rendering: அப்பா
Transliteration: appa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά (cf. Πάτερ in Luke’s own Greek text)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke’s own Greek text uses Πάτερ (11:2) rather than a direct Ἀββά occurrence, but the same unmediated warmth doctrine applies by cross-reference; Appa is the ordinary Tamil word for father used by speakers of every religion.
Prophet
Approved rendering: தீர்க்கதரிசி
Transliteration: theerkkadharisi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ஜோசியன்
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package baseline; reused exactly. Luke 1:76; 4:24; 7:16, 26; 24:19. Do not confuse with ஜோசியன் (astrologer/fortune-teller).
Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: பிரசங்கித்தல்
Transliteration: pirasangithal
Doctrine: Messianic Fulfillment in Jesus (Core Passage Thesis)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. Renders κηρύσσω, reserved for the formal gospel-proclamation register, distinct from அறிவித்தல் (generic ‘announce’). Luke 4:18-19, 44; 8:1, 39; 9:2, 60; 12:3; 24:47.
Scroll
Approved rendering: புத்தகச்சுருள்
Transliteration: puthagachurul
Doctrine: Messianic Fulfillment in Jesus (Core Passage Thesis)
Rejected alternatives: புத்தகம் (plain ‘book’)
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM, a coined compound preserving the physical scroll image. Luke 4:17, 20. Plain புத்தகம் risks a modern bound-volume mental picture that obscures the unroll/re-roll action (ἀναπτύξας/πτύξας) described in the text.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: ஜெப ஆலயம்
Transliteration: jeba aalayam
Doctrine: Messianic Fulfillment in Jesus (Core Passage Thesis)
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Institutions
NEW TERM (‘prayer-house’). Luke 4:16, 20, 28, 33, 44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10; 21:12. Kept lexically and visually distinct from ஆலயம் (temple, the established Ephesians/Colossians church-doctrine term) and from கோவில் (Hindu temple, forbidden).
Blind
Approved rendering: குருடர்
Transliteration: kurudar
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: τυφλός
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18; 6:39; 7:21-22; 14:13, 21; 18:35-43. Preserve the physical/spiritual double register in teaching notes rather than collapsing into either sense alone.
Recovery Of Sight
Approved rendering: பார்வை பெறுதல்
Transliteration: paarvai peruthal
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάβλεψις
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18. Concrete image, low risk.
Woe
Approved rendering: ஐயோ
Transliteration: aiyo
Doctrine: The Great Reversal of Rich and Poor
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22. Paired rhetorically with ‘blessed’ above.
Gospel Verb
Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷம் அறிவித்தல்
Transliteration: suvisesham arivithal
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW VERB FORM built directly on the inherited சுவிசேஷம். Renders εὐαγγελίζομαι, Luke’s preferred way of describing gospel-preaching activity. Luke 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18, 43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1.
Angel
Approved rendering: தூதன்
Transliteration: thoothan
Doctrine: Angelic Announcement and Guidance
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God
NEW TERM. Luke 1:11-38; 2:9-15; 9:26; 12:8-9; 15:10; 16:22; 24:23. A sent, personal messenger of the one God, not a class of minor deity.
Isaiah
Approved rendering: ஏசாயா
Transliteration: esaya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and the Necessity of Scripture’s Plan
Original: Ἠσαΐας
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM for Luke, established Tamil Bible transliteration standard reused. Luke 3:4; 4:17.
Referenced passages