Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Hebrews (English/Greek → Tamil)

This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every chapter of Hebrews (1–13), with its Tamil rendering, risk tier, governing doctrine, and translation notes. Terms marked [INHERITED] already exist in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans/Galatians/Ephesians/Philippians/Colossians package) and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there; this glossary restates them only to show their Hebrews-specific occurrences and cross-references. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory and require the standard new-term review workflow (Phase 2 Step escalation per risk tier) before being written into translation memory.

Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json framework: Critical (mandatory theologian review, every occurrence), High (mandatory theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).

A. Priesthood and Sanctuary Vocabulary (New — Hebrews’ Core Contribution)

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
High priest	ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus)	பிரதான ஆசாரியர்	NEW	Critical	Christ as the Great High Priest	2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25	NEVER பூசாரி or அர்ச்சகர் (Hindu temple functionaries). ஆசாரியர் is the established, distinct Tamil Bible term for the biblical priestly office.
Great high priest	ἀρχιερέα μέγαν	மகா பிரதான ஆசாரியர்	NEW	Critical	Christ as the Great High Priest	4:14	Established compound distinguishing Christ from the Aaronic high priest.
Priest	ἱερεύς (hiereus)	ஆசாரியர்	NEW	High	Christ as the Great High Priest / Levitical Priesthood	5:6; 7:1-3,11,15,17,20-21,23; 8:4; 10:11	Same protective distinction from பூசாரி applies.
Priesthood	ἱερωσύνη / ἱερατεία (hierōsynē / hierateia)	ஆசாரியத்துவம்	NEW	High	Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood	7:11-12,14,24	Abstract office-noun; keep distinct from ஆசாரியர் (the office-holder).
Levite / Levitical	Λευίτης / Λευιτικός (Leuitēs / Leuitikos)	லேவியன் / லேவியரின்	NEW	Low-Medium	Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood	7:5,9,11; cf. 8:4	Established Tamil transliteration of the tribal name.
Order (of priesthood)	τάξις (taxis)	முறைமை	NEW	Low	Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood	5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17	”According to the order of Melchizedek” — established quotation-phrasing from Psalm 110:4.
Melchizedek	Μελχισέδεκ	மெல்கிசேதேக்	NEW (proper name)	Low	Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood	5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17	Established Tamil Bible transliteration (Genesis 14, Psalm 110). Retain the text’s own etymological gloss (7:2) since the transliteration itself carries no built-in Hebrew meaning.
Without genealogy	ἀγενεαλόγητος (agenealogētos)	வம்ச அட்டவணை இல்லாதவர்	NEW	Medium-High	Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood	7:3	Typological, not a historical claim about Melchizedek’s ancestry; positive resonance with this pipeline’s anti-hereditary-privilege sensitivity (cf. Colossians new_humanity_without_distinctions) — a teaching asset if surfaced explicitly.
Indestructible life	ζωὴ ἀκατάλυτος (zōē akatalytos)	அழியாத ஜீவன்	NEW	Medium-High	Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood	7:16	Must be taught as the personal, bodily resurrection life of the risen Christ, not an impersonal immortal soul/ātman doctrine.
Guarantor (of a covenant)	ἔγγυος (engyos)	உடன்படிக்கையின் உத்தரவாதி	NEW	Medium-High	The New Covenant versus the Old	7:22	Stronger/more personal than “mediator” (மத்தியஸ்தன், inherited).
Tabernacle / tent	σκηνή (skēnē)	கூடாரம்	NEW	High	The New Covenant versus the Old; The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10	Used of both the wilderness tabernacle and its heavenly archetype; context must disambiguate.
Holy Place	ἅγια (hagia)	பரிசுத்த ஸ்தலம்	NEW	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood	9:8,12,24-25; 10:19; 13:11	Distinct from ஆலயம் (church-as-temple doctrine) and never கோவில் (Hindu temple, forbidden).
Most Holy Place / Holy of Holies	ἅγια ἁγίων (hagia hagiōn)	மகா பரிசுத்த ஸ்தலம்	NEW	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:3	See πarallel entry above.
Veil / curtain	καταπέτασμα (katapetasma)	திரைச்சீலை	NEW	Low-Medium	Access to God through Christ’s Blood	9:3; 10:20	Established Tamil Bible term for the temple veil torn at the crucifixion (cf. Matthew 27:51).
Mercy seat / propitiation	ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)	கிருபாசனம்	NEW	Critical	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:5	Cross-reference Romans 3:25 — same Greek word describes Christ himself as the true mercy seat/propitiation; both occurrences must use the same Tamil term. Flag for theologian review to confirm consistency with the Romans package.
Lampstand / table / bread of the Presence / ark	λυχνία / τράπεζα / πρόθεσις τῶν ἄρτων / κιβωτός	குத்துவிளக்கு / மேஜை / சமுகத்து அப்பம் / பெட்டகம்	NEW	Low	(descriptive OT background)	9:2,4	Concrete OT furniture terms; low doctrinal ambiguity.
Cherubim	χερουβίμ (cheroubim)	கெருபீம்	NEW (transliteration)	Low	(descriptive OT background)	9:5	Established Tamil Bible transliteration.

B. The Once-for-All Sacrifice and Its Effects

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
Once for all	ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ (hapax / ephapax)	ஒரேதரம் (என்றென்றைக்கும் ஒரேதரம்)	NEW	Critical	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	6:4; 9:7,12,26,27,28; 10:2,10; 12:26,27	The single most important recurring phrase in the letter; must be rendered identically at every occurrence. Never softened to “a first time” or “an example.”
Eternal	αἰώνιος (aiōnios)	நித்திய	NEW	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; The New Covenant versus the Old	5:9; 6:2; 9:12,14,15; 13:20	”Eternal redemption,” “eternal Spirit,” “eternal inheritance,” “eternal salvation,” “eternal judgment,” “eternal covenant” — consistent qualifier required across all six phrases.
Redemption	λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις (lytrōsis / apolytrōsis)	மீட்பு	INHERITED (Galatians/Ephesians/Colossians, High)	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:12,15	Reuse exactly; never விடுதலை or முக்தி.
Conscience	συνείδησις (syneidēsis)	மனச்சாட்சி	NEW	Critical	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood	9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18	The doctrinal pivot term distinguishing external/ritual purification from inward moral cleansing; intersects with the purity-code sensitivity already flagged in the Colossians package.
Dead works	νεκρὰ ἔργα (nekra erga)	மரித்த கிரியைகள்	NEW (compound on inherited கிரியைகள், High)	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	6:1; 9:14	Never confuse with நற்கிரியைகள் (good works, Ephesians 2:10 fruit-of-salvation term) — opposite categories.
Purification / cleansing	καθαρισμός / καθαρίζω (katharismos / katharizō)	சுத்திகரிப்பு	NEW	Medium	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	1:3; 9:13-14,22-23; 10:2	Positive use here (Christ’s blood purifies); keep the external/internal contrast with v.13-14 sharp.
Sprinkling	ῥαντισμός / ῥαντίζω (rhantismos / rhantizō)	தெளித்தல்	NEW	Medium	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood	9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24	Concrete OT ritual verb; consistent rendering across all five occurrences.
Blood of the covenant	αἷμα διαθήκης (haima diathēkēs)	உடன்படிக்கையின் இரத்தம்	NEW (compound on inherited terms)	Critical	The New Covenant versus the Old; Access to God through Christ’s Blood	9:20; 10:29; 13:20	Must connect typologically to Exodus 24:8 and to the Last Supper words; identical rendering at all three occurrences.
Dead works vs. the living God	θεῷ ζῶντι (theō zōnti)	ஜீவனுள்ள கடவுள்	NEW (qualifier on inherited கடவுள், Critical)	High	Access to God through Christ’s Blood	3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22	Recurring idiom contrasting the true God with both dead idols and a lifeless ritual system.
Transgression	παράβασις (parabasis)	மீறுதல்	NEW	Medium	The New Covenant versus the Old	2:2; 9:15	Distinct from inherited அக்கிரமம் (trespass, παράπτωμα) and பாவம் (sin, ἁμαρτία); denotes violation of a specific known commandment.
To put away / annul (sin)	ἀθέτησις (athetēsis)	அகற்றுதல் / நீக்கம்	NEW	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	7:18; 9:26	Strong legal-forensic removal, not gradual reduction; avoid any incremental karmic-burning-off connotation.
Copy / pattern	ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος (hypodeigma / antitypos)	நகல்	NEW	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; The New Covenant versus the Old	8:5; 9:23-24	Must not read as maya/illusion (unreal appearance); the copy was real and God-ordained, though not final.
Shadow	σκιά (skia)	நிழல்	INHERITED (Colossians, Medium)	Medium	The New Covenant versus the Old	8:5; 10:1	Reuse exactly; same caution against a maya reading already established.
Bulls, goats, calves, heifer’s ashes	ταῦροι, τράγοι, μόσχοι, σποδὸς δαμάλεως	மாட்டுக்கடா, வெள்ளாட்டுக்கடா, கன்றுக்குட்டி, கடாரி பசுவின் சாம்பல்	NEW	Low	(concrete OT ritual vocabulary)	9:12-13,19; 10:4	Concrete, low ambiguity.
Gifts and sacrifices	δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίαι (dōra te kai thysiai)	காணிக்கைகளும் பலிகளும்	NEW (compound; பலி inherited, Medium)	Medium	Christ as the Great High Priest	5:1; 8:3; 9:9; 11:4	δῶρον here is a distinct cultic-offering sense from Ephesians 2:8’s soteriological “gift” (ஈவு) — do not conflate the two glossary entries.
Forgiveness	ἄφεσις (aphesis)	மன்னிப்பு	INHERITED (Ephesians, Medium)	Medium	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:22; 10:18	Reuse exactly; per inherited rule, never substitutes for redemption/justification vocabulary elsewhere.
Man dies once, then judgment	ἅπαξ ἀποθανεῖν … κρίσις	மனுஷர் ஒரேதரம் மரிக்க நியமிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது… நியாயத்தீர்ப்பு	NEW	Critical	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:27	Major anti-reincarnation doctrinal text — must be rendered with full clarity, directly denying repeated death/rebirth (மறுபிறவி). Flag for theologian review and note its apologetic value in the Hindu/Jain-background Tamil context.
Second appearing	ἐκ δευτέρου ὀφθήσεται	இரண்டாந்தரம் தரிசனமாவார்	NEW	Critical	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:28	Christ’s parousia, NOT a second incarnation/avatar-descent; distinguish sharply from தேகதாரணம் (incarnation) — never அவதாரம்.

C. The New Covenant, Mediation, and Access

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
Covenant	διαθήκη (diathēkē)	உடன்படிக்கை	INHERITED (Galatians, High)	High	The New Covenant versus the Old	throughout, esp. 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20	Reuse exactly. NOTE: also carries the “last will/testament” sense at 9:16-17 (see wordplay note below) — a load-bearing polysemy that Tamil உடன்படிக்கை does not naturally carry.
Will / testament (wordplay)	διαθήκη (same word, testamentary sense)	உடன்படிக்கை + explanatory gloss (உயில்)	NEW — translation-note required	High	The New Covenant versus the Old	9:16-17	Retain உடன்படிக்கை for consistency but supply a clarifying testamentary gloss (உயில், ordinary Tamil “last will”) at this specific unit; flag for theologian AND native-speaker review together — this is structural argument, not decoration.
New covenant	διαθήκη καινή (diathēkē kainē)	புதிய உடன்படிக்கை	NEW (compound on inherited term)	High	The New Covenant versus the Old	8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24	Consistent contrast pairing with “first/old covenant” required throughout chs. 8-10.
First / old covenant	πρώτη διαθήκη (prōtē diathēkē)	முந்திய / பழைய உடன்படிக்கை	NEW (compound on inherited term)	High	The New Covenant versus the Old	8:7,13; 9:1,15,18	See above.
Mediator	μεσίτης (mesitēs)	மத்தியஸ்தன்	INHERITED (Galatians, Medium)	Medium	The New Covenant versus the Old	8:6; 9:15; 12:24	Reuse exactly; consistent with Galatians 3:19-20.
Promise	ἐπαγγελία (epangelia)	வாக்குத்தத்தம்	INHERITED (Galatians, High)	High	The New Covenant versus the Old; Faith of the OT Saints	4:1; 6:12,15,17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:36; 11:9,13,17,33,39	Reuse exactly; never வரம் (boon).
Inheritance	κληρονομία (klēronomia)	சுதந்தரம்	INHERITED (Galatians/Ephesians, High)	High	The New Covenant versus the Old	1:14; 9:15; 11:8	Reuse exactly; homograph guard against சுதந்திரம் (freedom) applies with full force.
Access / draw near	προσέρχομαι (proserchomai)	அணுகுதல்	NEW	High	Access to God through Christ’s Blood	4:16; 7:19,25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22	Central structural verb of the whole letter’s access-to-God theme; consistent rendering required across all occurrences.
Boldness / confidence	παρρησία (parrēsia)	தைரியம்	NEW	Medium	Access to God through Christ’s Blood	3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35	Confident, direct approach to God, made possible only through Christ.
Throne of grace	θρόνος τῆς χάριτος (thronos tēs charitos)	கிருபையின் சிங்காசனம்	NEW (compound on inherited கிருபை, High)	Medium-High	Access to God through Christ’s Blood	4:16
New and living way	ὁδὸς … ζῶσα (hodos … zōsa)	புதிய, ஜீவனுள்ள வழி	NEW	Medium	Access to God through Christ’s Blood	10:20	Never மார்க்கம் (religious-path register).
Full assurance of faith	πληροφορία πίστεως (plērophoria pisteōs)	முழு நிச்சயமான விசுவாசம்	NEW (compound on inherited விசுவாசம், Critical)	High	Perseverance and Assurance	10:22
Better / superior	κρείττων (kreittōn)	மேன்மையான	NEW	High	The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood (structural word for the whole book)	1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6(x2); 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24	The book’s structural comparative; must be rendered consistently and taught as ABSOLUTE, categorical superiority, not merely preferential/henotheistic “better for me” (இஷ்ட தெய்வம் logic).

D. Perfection, Rest, and Faith

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
Perfect / make perfect / perfecter	τελειόω / τελειωτής (teleioō / teleiōtēs)	பூரணப்படுத்துதல் / பூரணப்படுத்துகிறவர்	NEW	Critical	Christ as the Great High Priest; The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Faith of the OT Saints	2:10; 5:9; 7:19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23	Shares a root with பரிபூரணம் (fullness, Ephesians/Colossians) and inherits the same Vedantic pūrṇam collision risk — flag identically. Must NEVER read as ascetic self-perfection (சித்தி, Siddhar attainment) or ontological growth across lifetimes; this is vocational/redemptive completion accomplished by God, once.
More perfect (tabernacle)	τελειοτέρας (comparative of τέλειος)	பூரணமான	NEW (comparative form)	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	9:11	Same root-family as τελειόω; not a throwaway adjective.
Rest	κατάπαυσις (katapausis)	இளைப்பாறுதல்	NEW	Critical	(implicit — Christ’s Superiority; Perseverance)	3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,10,11	Highest-risk new term in chs. 3-4. Must anchor to God’s own historical Sabbath-rest and covenant promise entered by faith; NEVER மோட்சம்/முக்தி/நிர்வாணம் or any final-liberation-from-rebirth vocabulary.
Sabbath-rest	σαββατισμός (sabbatismos)	ஓய்வு	NEW	High	(implicit — Perseverance)	4:9	Same caution as κατάπαυσις above.
Faith’s substance/assurance	ὑπόστασις (hypostasis, sense 2)	ஆதாரம்	NEW	Critical	Faith of the OT Saints	11:1	Polysemy alert: the SAME Greek word at 1:3 means “essence/substance of Christ’s being” (சாராம்சம்) — a DIFFERENT Tamil word must be used for each sense; do not conflate.
Faith’s conviction/proof	ἔλεγχος (elegchos)	நிச்சயமான தெரிவு	NEW	High	Faith of the OT Saints	11:1	Companion term to ὑπόστασις in the same definitional verse.
Faithfulness / unbelief	πίστις / ἀπιστία (pistis / apistia)	விசுவாசம் / அவிசுவாசம்	INHERITED (விசுவாசம், Critical) / NEW (அவிசுவாசம், antonym)	High	Faith of the OT Saints; The Danger of Apostasy	throughout, esp. ch. 3, ch. 11	விசுவாசம் reused exactly; அவிசுவாசம் as its direct antonym must stay lexically linked.

E. Apostasy, Discipline, and Perseverance

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
Falling away / apostasy	παραπίπτω / ἀφίστημι (parapiptō / aphistēmi)	பின்வாங்குதல் / விசுவாசத்தை விட்டு விலகுதல்	NEW	Critical	The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages	3:12; 6:6; 10:26,29,39	The letter’s five warning passages hinge on this vocabulary; do not let the translator silently resolve the underlying true-believer/professing-believer theological debate. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Willful sin	ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω (hekousiōs hamartanō)	மனதுபூர்வமாகப் பாவஞ்செய்தல்	NEW	Critical	The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages	10:26	Part of the same warning cluster as παραπίπτω.
Outraging the Spirit of grace	ἐνυβρίζω τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος	கிருபையின் ஆவியானவரை நிந்தித்தல்	NEW (compound on inherited terms, both Critical)	Critical	The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages	10:29	Combines inherited பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர் and கிருபை in the strongest apostasy language in the letter.
Discipline / correction	παιδεία (paideia)	சிட்சை	NEW	Medium-High	Perseverance and Assurance	12:5-11	Distinguish from தண்டனை (punitive punishment); must not read as karmic-punishment for accumulated past-life deeds — this is fatherly training proving sonship.
Repentance	μετάνοια (metanoia)	மனந்திரும்புதல்	NEW	Medium	The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages	6:1,6; 12:17	Established ordinary Tamil Christian term.
Anchor (of hope)	ἄγκυρα (ankyra)	நங்கூரம்	NEW	Low	Perseverance and Assurance	6:19	Concrete nautical image.
Forerunner	πρόδρομος (prodromos)	முன்னோடி	NEW	Medium	Christ as the Great High Priest	6:20	Linked Christological thread with ἀρχηγός (2:10; 12:2).
Founder / pioneer	ἀρχηγός (archēgos)	ஆரம்பகர்த்தா / முன்னோடி	NEW	Medium-High	Christ as the Great High Priest; Perseverance and Assurance	2:10; 12:2	Deliberately avoid தலைவர் (political/cinema resonance, already flagged in the Ephesians headship note).
Cloud of witnesses	νέφος μαρτύρων (nephos martyrōn)	சாட்சிகளின் மேகம்	NEW	Low	Faith of the OT Saints	12:1	Vivid stadium imagery.
Race	ἀγών (agōn)	ஓட்டப்பந்தயம்	NEW	Low	Perseverance and Assurance	12:1	Consistent with the pipeline’s established athletic-contest imagery (cf. Philippians “press on”).

F. Christology (Chapters 1-2, and Recurring)

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
Son of God	υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ	தேவனுடைய குமாரன்	INHERITED (Critical)	Critical	The Superiority of Christ over Angels	1:2,5,8; 4:14; 5:5,8; 7:3,28	Reuse exactly; never தெய்வப்புத்திரன்.
Radiance of glory	ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης (apaugasma tēs doxēs)	மகிமையின் பிரகாசம்	NEW (compound on inherited மகிமை, High)	High	The Superiority of Christ over Angels	1:3	Christ as the shining-forth (not reflection) of God’s own glory; caution against a Saiva light-theology (சிவப்பிரகாசம்) reading.
Exact imprint of his being	χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ (charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs autou)	அவருடைய சாராம்சத்தின் அச்சான அடையாளம்	NEW	Critical	The Superiority of Christ over Angels; Deity of Christ	1:3	Stronger even than “image” (தற்சுரூபம், Colossians 1:15); teach alongside that established doctrine. NOTE ὑπόστασις polysemy — see entry in Section D.
Angels	ἄγγελος (angelos)	தேவதூதர்	NEW (consistent with Colossians usage)	Medium	The Superiority of Christ over Angels	1:4-13; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2	Consistent with existing Colossians “worship_of_angels” vocabulary.
Ministering spirits	λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα (leitourgika pneumata)	ஊழியம் செய்யும் ஆவிகள்	NEW	Low	The Superiority of Christ over Angels	1:14
”Today I have begotten you”	σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε (sēmeron gegennēka se)	இன்று உம்மைப் பெற்றேன்	NEW (OT quotation, Psalm 2:7)	Critical	Sonship and Deity of Christ	1:5	Historically an Arian proof-text; must be taught as eternal generation, connecting to the established Colossians “firstborn never first-created” safeguard. Mandatory theologian review.
”Your throne, O God”	ὁ θρόνος σου ὁ θεός (ho thronos sou ho theos)	உம்முடைய சிங்காசனம், கடவுளே	NEW (OT quotation, Psalm 45:6)	Critical	Deity of Christ	1:8	One of the NT’s clearest direct addresses of the Son as கடவுள் (never தேவன்); connect explicitly to the God-word decision. Mandatory theologian review.
Worship (of the Son by angels)	προσκυνέω (proskyneō)	வணங்குதல் / ஆராதனை	NEW	Critical	Deity of Christ	1:6	Reverse direction of the Colossians rejection_of_angel_worship doctrine — angels worship HIM, a productive teaching contrast.
Immutability (“you remain the same”)	σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ	நீரோ மாறாதவராயிருக்கிறீர்	NEW (OT quotation, Psalm 102:25-27)	High	Deity of Christ	1:12	Anticipates 13:8’s “same yesterday, today, forever.”
Same yesterday, today, forever	χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας	நேற்றும் இன்றும் என்றென்றைக்கும் மாறாதவர்	NEW	High	Deity of Christ	13:8	Connect explicitly to the ch. 1 immutability note.
Founder of salvation	ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτηρίας	இரட்சிப்பின் ஆரம்பகர்த்தா	NEW (compound; இரட்சிப்பு inherited, Critical)	Critical	Christ as the Great High Priest	2:10	See ἀρχηγός entry in Section E.
Perfected through suffering	διὰ παθήματος τελειῶσαι	பாடுகளின் மூலம் பூரணப்படுத்துதல்	NEW (compound; see τελειόω, Section D)	Critical	Christ as the Great High Priest	2:10	NOT prior moral deficiency; vocational/experiential completion of Christ’s high-priestly qualification.
Partakers of flesh and blood	μέτοχοι σαρκὸς καὶ αἵματος	மாம்சத்திலும் இரத்தத்திலும் பங்குகொள்ளுதல்	NEW (compound on inherited மாம்சம், Critical)	High	Humanity of Christ	2:14	Real, full incarnation — consistent with தேகதாரணம், never அவதாரம்.
Sympathize	συμπαθέω (sympatheō)	இரங்குதல்	NEW	Medium	Christ as the Great High Priest	4:15
Tempted, yet without sin	πεπειρασμένος … χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας	சோதிக்கப்பட்டவர் … பாவமில்லாதவர்	NEW	High	Christ as the Great High Priest	4:15; cf. 9:28	Same χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας phrase recurs at 9:28 with a distinct sense — see core-passage note.
Learned obedience	ἔμαθεν τὴν ὑπακοήν	கீழ்ப்படிதலைக் கற்றார்	NEW	High	Christ as the Great High Priest	5:8	Experiential, not remedial, obedience; same caution as 2:10.
Propitiation / atonement	ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai)	பாவநிவிர்த்தி செய்தல்	NEW (cognate of ἱλαστήριον, see Section A)	Critical	Christ as the Great High Priest	2:17	Cross-reference Romans 3:25 and the ἱλαστήριον entry above.
Intercession	ἐντυγχάνω (entynchanō)	பரிந்துபேசுதல்	INHERITED (Romans, Medium)	High	Christ as the Great High Priest	7:25	Reuse exactly; Christ’s present, ongoing, personal intercessory ministry.
Body (prepared for him)	σῶμα (sōma)	சரீரம்	INHERITED (Philippians, established)	High	The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice	10:5,10	Reuse exactly; real, prepared, incarnate body — reinforces genuine incarnational theology.

G. Ecclesiology and Eschatology (Chapters 11-13)

English term	Greek (translit.)	Tamil rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Primary Hebrews refs	Notes / rejected alternatives
Heavenly Jerusalem	Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος (Ierousalēm epouranios)	மேலான எருசலேம்	NEW — recommend reuse of Galatians term	Medium-High	(eschatological hope)	12:22	Same theological referent as Galatians 4:26’s “Jerusalem above” — flag for theologian confirmation of cross-book reuse.
Church of the firstborn	ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων (ekklēsia prōtotokōn)	முதற்பேறானவர்களின் சபை	NEW (compound; சபை and முதற்பேறானவர் both inherited)	Medium-High	(corporate identity of believers)	12:23	Distinct, CORPORATE sense from Christ’s unique Christological “firstborn” title (Colossians 1:15,1:18) — flag the distinction explicitly.
Birthright	πρωτοτόκια (prōtotokia)	முதற்பேறு உரிமை	NEW	Medium	(Esau’s cautionary example)	12:16	Keep lexically distinct from முதற்பேறானவர் (Christ’s title) and from முதற்பேறானவர்களின் சபை (above).
Spirits of the righteous made perfect	πνεύματα δικαίων τετελειωμένων	பூரணப்படுத்தப்பட்ட நீதிமான்களுடைய ஆவிகள்	NEW (compound; நீதி inherited, Critical; see τελειόω, Section D)	High	Faith of the OT Saints	12:23
Unshakeable kingdom	βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος (basileia asaleutos)	அசைக்கமுடியாத ராஜ்யம்	NEW (compound on inherited ராஜ்யம், Medium)	Medium	(eschatological hope)	12:28
Consuming fire	πῦρ καταναλίσκον (pyr katanaliskon)	பட்சிக்கும் அக்கினி	NEW (OT quotation, Deuteronomy 4:24)	Medium	(holiness of God)	12:29	Established OT phrase.
Better country / heavenly homeland	κρείττων πατρίς, ἐπουράνιος	மேன்மையான தேசம், பரலோகத்தைச் சேர்ந்தது	NEW (compound; பரலோகம் inherited, Critical)	High	Faith of the OT Saints	11:16
Better resurrection	κρείττων ἀνάστασις	மேன்மையான உயிர்த்தெழுதல்	NEW (compound; உயிர்த்தெழுதல் inherited, Critical)	Critical	Faith of the OT Saints	11:35	Same forbidden-substitution guard as every resurrection occurrence — never மறுபிறவி.
Great Shepherd	ποιμὴν … ὁ μέγας (poimēn ho megas)	மகா மேய்ப்பர்	NEW (compound on inherited மேய்ப்பர், established)	Medium	(closing benediction)	13:20
Altar	θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion)	பலிபீடம்	NEW	Low-Medium	(concluding exhortations)	13:10	Spiritual, not physical, referent.
Outside the camp	ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς (exō tēs parembolēs)	பாளையத்திற்கு வெளியே	NEW	Medium	(concluding exhortations)	13:11,13	Connects to the honor-shame theme of the cross.
Sacrifice of praise	θυσία αἰνέσεως (thysia aineseōs)	ஸ்தோத்திரப் பலி	NEW (compound; both terms inherited)	Low-Medium	(concluding exhortations)	13:15	Fitting close to the letter’s sacrifice-argument: verbal worship, not ritual offering.
Contentment	ἀρκούμενοι (arkoumenoi)	மனநிறைவு	INHERITED (Philippians, High)	Medium	(concluding exhortations)	13:5	Reuse exactly.

H. Proper Names (Established Tamil Bible Forms — Low Risk)

English	Tamil	Notes
Moses	மோசே	Established, per baseline transliteration standards.
Aaron	ஆரோன்	Established.
Abraham	ஆபிரகாம்	INHERITED (Galatians).
Sarah	சாராள்	INHERITED (Galatians).
David	தாவீது	INHERITED (Romans).
Melchizedek	மெல்கிசேதேக்	See Section A.
Enoch	ஏனோக்கு	Established Tamil Bible form.
Noah	நோவா	Established Tamil Bible form.
Isaac	ஈசாக்கு	Established Tamil Bible form.
Jacob	யாக்கோபு	Established Tamil Bible form.
Joseph	யோசேப்பு	Established Tamil Bible form.
Rahab	ராகாப்	Established Tamil Bible form.
Gideon	கிதியோன்	Established Tamil Bible form.
Habakkuk (cited 10:38)	ஆபகூக்	Already listed in the baseline system prompt’s book-name conventions; the Hebrews 10:38 citation of Habakkuk 2:4 must match the Romans 1:17 rendering verbatim.
Jeremiah (cited 8:8-12)	எரேமியா	Established Tamil Bible form.
Zion	சீயோன்	Established Tamil Bible form.
Jerusalem	எருசலேம்	Established Tamil Bible form.

Cross-Reference and Consistency Enforcement Checklist for Phase 2

Rule	Verses affected
ஒரேதரம் (once for all) rendered identically at every occurrence	6:4; 9:7,12,26,27,28; 10:2,10; 12:26-27
உடன்படிக்கையின் இரத்தம் (blood of the covenant) rendered identically	9:20; 10:29; 13:20
புதிய/முந்திய உடன்படிக்கை (new/first covenant) pairing kept distinct and consistent throughout	8:7-13; 9:1,15,18; 12:24
பூரணப்படுத்துதல் (perfect/perfecter) family rendered identically and distinguished from பரிபூரணம் (fullness)	2:10; 5:9; 7:19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23
மேன்மையான (better) rendered identically at every occurrence	1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6(x2); 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24
ஹீப்ரு 10:38’s Habakkuk 2:4 citation matches Romans 1:17 verbatim	10:38 (cross-book with Romans)
கிருபாசனம் (mercy seat / ἱλαστήριον) matches Romans 3:25 rendering	9:5 (cross-book with Romans)
மேலான எருசலேம் (heavenly Jerusalem) reuses the Galatians 4:26 term for the same theological referent	12:22 (cross-book with Galatians)
பரலோகம் (heaven) — never சொர்க்கம்/வைகுண்டம்/கைலாசம்/மோட்சலோகம்	9:24; 11:16; and throughout
கிறிஸ்து/இயேசு/கடவுள்/பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்/தேவனுடைய குமாரன் used exactly per baseline — never தேவன் for God	throughout, esp. ch. 1
இளைப்பாறுதல்/ஓய்வு (rest) never rendered with மோட்சம்/முக்தி/நிர்வாணம் vocabulary	3:11-4:11
உயிர்த்தெழுதல் (resurrection) never மறுபிறவி, including “better resurrection”	6:2; 11:35; 13:20

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Hebrews 1:8 has the FATHER directly address the SON as கடவுள் (‘your throne, O God’) — the single most load-bearing occurrence of this term in the entire curriculum; never தேவன்.

Jesus

Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Deity and Humanity of Christ

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly.

Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: kiristhu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Christ as the Great High Priest

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: Parisutha Aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood / Danger of Apostasy
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. At Hebrews 9:14 (‘through the eternal Spirit’), the referent is genuinely disputed between the Holy Spirit and Christ’s own eternal nature — flag for mandatory theologian review; whichever reading is chosen must avoid any impersonal-life-force implication.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய குமாரன்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Kumaran
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: தெய்வப்புத்திரன்
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (1:2,5,8; 4:14; 5:5,8; 7:3,28).

Father

Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Adoption / Divine Discipline as Proof of Sonship

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Hebrews 12:9 (‘Father of spirits’) and the discipline passage (12:5-11) apply this term to God’s fatherly correction of believers — must retain relational warmth, never impersonal governance.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: நீதி
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம், புண்ணியம்

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Applied to Melchizedek (‘king of righteousness,’ 7:2) and to the ‘fruit of righteousness’ produced by discipline (12:11).

Salvation

Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பு
Transliteration: iratchippu
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest / Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Never மோட்சம்/முக்தி in any Hebrews context, including ‘founder of salvation’ (2:10) and ‘to save those who are eagerly waiting’ (9:28).

Resurrection

Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Man’s Appointed Death and Judgment (Anti-Reincarnation)
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Never மறுபிறவி, including in ‘better resurrection’ (11:35) and the closing benediction’s ‘brought up from the dead’ (13:20).

Flesh

Approved rendering: மாம்சம்
Transliteration: maamsam
Doctrine: The Real Humanity and Solidarity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: உடல், சரீரம்

Inherited from Galatians package (one-lexeme rule). Reused exactly. Governs 2:14’s ‘partakers of flesh and blood’ and 9:13’s ‘purity of the flesh’ (outward/external, contrasted with the conscience at 9:14) — must never suggest body-negation asceticism.

Heaven

Approved rendering: பரலோகம்
Transliteration: paralogam
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Rejected alternatives: சொர்க்கம், வைகுண்டம், கைலாசம், மோட்சலோகம்
Original: οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Philippians package. Reused exactly. Central to 9:24 (‘into heaven itself’) — Christ entered the true heaven, not a superior earthly copy. Never சொர்க்கம்/வைகுண்டம்/கைலாசம்/மோட்சலோகம். Also 11:16; 12:23,25.

Image

Approved rendering: தற்சுரூபம்
Transliteration: tarcurupam
Doctrine: Christ as the Exact Representation of God’s Being
Rejected alternatives: விக்கிரகம், சிலை, உருவம்

Inherited from Colossians package. Reused for cross-reference at Hebrews 1:3, where χαρακτήρ/ὑπόστασις language (rendered அவருடைய சாராம்சத்தின் அச்சான அடையாளம்) is STRONGER than, and must be taught alongside, this established image doctrine. Never விக்கிரகம்/சிலை.

Firstborn

Approved rendering: முதற்பேறானவர்
Transliteration: mutalperaanavar
Doctrine: Unity of Old and New Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: முதலில் படைக்கப்பட்டவர், மூத்த குமாரன்

Inherited from Colossians package. Reused exactly for Christ’s unique Christological title (implicit background). MUST be kept lexically distinct from the new Hebrews-specific corporate compound முதற்பேறானவர்களின் சபை (‘church of the firstborn,’ 12:23) and from முதற்பேறு உரிமை (Esau’s ordinary ‘birthright,’ 12:16) — three related but distinct senses that must never be confused.

Justification

Approved rendering: நீதிமானாக்கப்படுதல்
Transliteration: neethimanaakkappaduthal
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: மன்னிப்பு பெறுதல்

Inherited from Romans package. Not directly a Hebrews headword, but retained for cross-reference: Hebrews 11:7’s ‘righteousness that comes by faith’ (Noah) and 10:38’s Habakkuk 2:4 citation (‘the righteous shall live by faith’) echo this doctrine; the Habakkuk citation must match the established Romans 1:17 rendering verbatim.

High Priest

Approved rendering: பிரதான ஆசாரியர்
Transliteration: pradhaana aasaariyar
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: பூசாரி, அர்ச்சகர்
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood

NEW. The book’s central Christological title (2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25). ஆசாரியர் is the established, doctrinally distinct Tamil Bible term for the biblical priestly office since Ziegenbalg. NEVER பூசாரி or அர்ச்சகர் — Hindu temple ritual-functionary titles from Tamil Nadu’s living, often hereditary/caste-linked temple economy; using either would collapse Christ’s unique, once-for-all, non-hereditary priesthood into the very hereditary system Hebrews 7 argues against.

Great High Priest

Approved rendering: மகா பிரதான ஆசாரியர்
Transliteration: mahaa pradhaana aasaariyar
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχιερέα μέγαν
Category: Priesthood

NEW. Formal, elevated title (4:14) distinguishing Christ from the Aaronic high priest. Same ஆசாரியர்/பூசாரி boundary as high_priest applies; never softened into a generic ‘great spiritual teacher’ or guru-equivalent.

Mercy Seat

Approved rendering: கிருபாசனம்
Transliteration: kirupaasanam
Doctrine: Propitiation and the Mercy Seat
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The gold cover of the ark where atoning blood was applied (9:5) — the same Greek word (ἱλαστήριον) describes Christ himself as the true mercy seat/propitiation in Romans 3:25. MANDATORY CROSS-REFERENCE VERIFICATION: this rendering must be confirmed against whatever Tamil term the Romans package uses for ἱλαστήριον at Romans 3:25 BEFORE Phase 2 begins on Hebrews 2:17 or 9:5; losing the link severs Hebrews’ argument from its Romans foundation. Flag as an open verification item.

Once For All

Approved rendering: ஒரேதரம்
Transliteration: oredharam
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ
Category: Salvation

NEW. The single most important recurring phrase in Hebrews 9-10 (6:4; 9:7,12,26,27,28; 10:2,10; 12:26-27). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at every occurrence. Never softened to ‘a first time’ or ‘an example,’ which would reopen the recurring-appeasement religious logic of Tamil village Amman-shrine sacrifice culture that this passage explicitly closes. Add automated validation check parallel to the resurrection ≠ மறுபிறவி check.

Conscience

Approved rendering: மனச்சாட்சி
Transliteration: manachaatchi
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Salvation

NEW. The doctrinal pivot of the core passage (9:9,13-14; 10:2,22; 13:18): Christ’s blood cleanses the inward, moral conscience, where animal blood reached only the outward flesh. Must not be conflated with தீட்டு (ritual purity-code categories, already flagged in the Colossians package) — the direction here is liberating (inward cleansing surpassing external ritual).

Blood Of The Covenant

Approved rendering: உடன்படிக்கையின் இரத்தம்
Transliteration: udanpadikkaiyin iratham
Doctrine: The Blood of the Covenant
Original: αἷμα διαθήκης
Category: Covenant

NEW compound. Quoting Exodus 24:8 and echoing the Last Supper words (9:20; 10:29; 13:20). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at all three Hebrews occurrences AND cross-checked against any existing Tamil Gospel rendering of the Last Supper institution words (Matthew 26:28; Mark 14:24).

Man Dies Once Then Judgment

Approved rendering: மனுஷர் ஒரேதரம் மரிக்க நியமிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது, அதற்குப்பின்பு நியாயத்தீர்ப்பு
Transliteration: manushar oredharam marikka niyamikkappattirukkirathu, atharkupinbu niyaayatheerpu
Doctrine: Man’s Appointed Death and Judgment (Anti-Reincarnation)
Original: καθ’ ὅσον ἀπόκειται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἅπαξ ἀποθανεῖν, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο κρίσις
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Arguably the single clearest anti-reincarnation statement in the New Testament (9:27). Must be rendered with full clarity, directly denying repeated death/rebirth (மறுபிறவி). ‘Appointed’ must read as God’s personal ordinance, never impersonal fate (தலைவிதி/விதி). Major apologetic opportunity as well as risk in the Hindu/Jain-background Tamil context; core-passage term.

Christs Second Appearing

Approved rendering: இரண்டாந்தரம் தரிசனமாவார்
Transliteration: irandaandharam tharisanamaavaar
Doctrine: Christ’s Second Coming
Rejected alternatives: அவதரித்தார்
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου ὀφθήσεται
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ’s parousia, NOT a second incarnation (9:28). Must be sharply distinguished from avatar-descent (அவதாரம்/அவதரித்தார், Critical-forbidden). தரிசனம் sits near live Tamil devotional temple-visit vocabulary (darshan); must always co-occur with இரண்டாந்தரம் (a second time) so it reads as a RETURN of the one already incarnated once, not a fresh incarnation event.

Perfect Make Perfect

Approved rendering: பூரணப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: pooranappaduthuthal
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering / The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: τελειόω / τελειωτής
Category: Sanctification

NEW. τελειόω/τελειωτής word-family (2:10; 5:9; 7:19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23). Shares a root with பரிபூரணம் (fullness) and inherits the identical Vedantic pūrṇam collision risk; ALSO risks the Tamil Siddhar சித்தி (yogic/alchemical attainment) reading. Must NEVER read as ascetic self-perfection or gradual ontological advancement across lifetimes — this is vocational or redemptive completion accomplished ONCE by God’s own act.

Rest Katapausis

Approved rendering: இளைப்பாறுதல்
Transliteration: ilaippaaruthal
Doctrine: God’s Rest
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி, நிர்வாணம், வீடுபேறு
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The single greatest moksha/rebirth-collision risk in the whole letter (3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,10,11). Must be anchored explicitly to (a) God’s own historical act of resting after creation, and (b) covenant promise entered by faith, not works. MUST NEVER evoke மோட்சம்/முக்தி/நிர்வாணம்/வீடுபேறு. Add as a standing forbidden-substitution entry in the Phase 2 system prompt, not merely a glossary note.

Faiths Substance

Approved rendering: ஆதாரம்
Transliteration: aatharam
Doctrine: The Definition of Faith
Original: ὑπόστασις (sense: assurance/ground)
Category: Faith

NEW. Faith as a firm, confident ground of things hoped for (11:1). POLYSEMY ALERT: the identical Greek word ὑπόστασις at 1:3 means ‘essence/substance’ of Christ’s own being (rendered சாராம்சம் there) — a DIFFERENT Tamil word must be used for each sense so the two doctrines are never conflated. Standing automated validation rule required.

Falling Away Apostasy

Approved rendering: விசுவாசத்தை விட்டு விலகுதல்
Transliteration: vishvasathai vittu vilaguthal
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραπίπτω / ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy

NEW. Decisive defection from a previously-professed faith in the living God (3:12; 6:6; 10:26,29,39). One of the NT’s most theologically debated passages (true believer vs. professing-believer readings); the Tamil rendering must preserve full seriousness WITHOUT the translator silently resolving that underlying debate.

Willful Sin

Approved rendering: மனதுபூர்வமாகப் பாவஞ்செய்தல்
Transliteration: manathupoorvamaaga paavanjcheythal
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Apostasy

NEW. Deliberate, voluntary sin after full knowledge of the truth (10:26); the severity of 10:26-31 rests specifically on deliberateness, not weakness — must preserve the voluntary emphasis.

Outraging The Spirit Of Grace

Approved rendering: கிருபையின் ஆவியானவரை நிந்தித்தல்
Transliteration: kirupaiyin aaviyaanavarai ninthiththal
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἐνυβρίζω τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος
Category: Apostasy

NEW compound of two already-Critical inherited terms (10:29) — the letter’s single most severe personal-affront statement. Must not be softened by choosing a milder verb than நிந்தித்தல் (to insult/outrage).

Exact Imprint Of His Being

Approved rendering: அவருடைய சாராம்சத்தின் அச்சான அடையாளம்
Transliteration: avarudaiya saaraamsathin achaana adaiyaalam
Doctrine: Christ as the Exact Representation of God’s Being
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology

NEW. χαρακτήρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ (1:3) — stronger even than ‘image’ (தற்சுரூபம்); teach alongside that doctrine. POLYSEMY ALERT: ὑπόστασις here (rendered சாராம்சம், essence) must be kept lexically distinct from the same Greek word’s different sense at 11:1 (rendered ஆதாரம், faith’s ground) — never interchange.

Today I Have Begotten You

Approved rendering: இன்று உம்மைப் பெற்றேன்
Transliteration: indru ummai petren
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Hebrews’ Proof Texts)
Original: σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε
Category: Christology

NEW (OT quotation, Psalm 2:7, 1:5). Historically a favorite Arian proof-text. ‘Begotten’ (பெற்றேன்) must be taught as eternal generation/relational designation, extending the established Colossians ‘firstborn never first-created’ safeguard — never as the Son’s coming-into-existence at a point in time.

Your Throne O God

Approved rendering: உம்முடைய சிங்காசனம், கடவுளே
Transliteration: ummudaiya singaasanam, kadavule
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Hebrews’ Proof Texts)
Original: ὁ θρόνος σου ὁ θεός
Category: Christology

NEW (OT quotation, Psalm 45:6, 1:8). The Father directly addressing the Son as கடவுள் (never தேவன்) — one of the NT’s clearest, most explicit deity-of-Christ texts. Must not be softened or reinterpreted as addressed to the Father rather than the Son.

Worship Of The Son By Angels

Approved rendering: வணங்குதல்
Transliteration: vananguthal
Doctrine: Worship Due to the Son
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology

NEW. προσκυνέω, ‘let all God’s angels worship him’ (1:6). Christ is here the OBJECT of angelic worship — the reverse direction of the Colossians rejection_of_angel_worship doctrine (humans worshipping angels condemned); surface this reversal explicitly in teaching material.

Founder Of Salvation

Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பின் ஆரம்பகர்த்தா
Transliteration: iratchippin aarambakarththaa
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering
Rejected alternatives: தலைவர்
Original: ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτηρίας
Category: Christology

NEW compound on inherited இரட்சிப்பு. ἀρχηγός, Christ achieving salvation not merely for humanity but as one of humanity, going first through suffering into glory (2:10). ஆரம்பகர்த்தா deliberately avoids தலைவர் (political/cinema resonance, already flagged in the Ephesians headship note); teach alongside πρόδρομος (forerunner, 6:20) and ἀρχηγός (12:2).

Perfected Through Suffering

Approved rendering: பாடுகளின் மூலம் பூரணப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: paadugalin moolam pooranappaduthuthal
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering
Original: διὰ παθήματος τελειῶσαι
Category: Christology

NEW, from the τελειόω family. Christ’s OWN vocational/experiential completion through real suffering (2:10; cf. 5:8-9) — NOT prior moral deficiency (he is already sinless, 4:15; 7:26), and NOT ascetic self-perfection (சித்தி/Siddhar-attainment register). This is being rendered fully fit for high-priestly vocation.

Propitiation

Approved rendering: பாவநிவிர்த்தி செய்தல்
Transliteration: paavanivirthi seythal
Doctrine: Propitiation and the Mercy Seat
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Christology

NEW. ἱλάσκομαι, cognate of ἱλαστήριον/mercy_seat (2:17). MUST be cross-checked against the Romans 3:25 rendering for the identical theological category — flagged as mandatory theologian review in the baseline system prompt.

Better Resurrection

Approved rendering: மேன்மையான உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: menmaiyaana uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: κρείττων ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

NEW compound on inherited உயிர்த்தெழுதல். The resurrection hope for which the martyrs of ch. 11 endured torture (11:35). Same forbidden-substitution guard as every resurrection occurrence — never மறுபிறவி.

High Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints / The Definition of Faith
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Governs the whole of Hebrews 11; never பக்தி (devotional fervor toward a chosen deity).

Grace

Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood / Danger of Apostasy
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Combines with பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர் in the letter’s strongest apostasy warning (‘outraging the Spirit of grace,’ 10:29).

Sanctification

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தமாக்குதல்
Transliteration: parisuthamaakkuthal
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Central to 10:10,14’s climactic ‘perfected…being sanctified’ pairing — keep the perfect-tense/present-tense distinction visible alongside பூரணப்படுத்துதல்.

Holy

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தம்
Transliteration: parisutham
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: சுத்தம்

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly.

Saints

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தவான்கள்
Transliteration: parisuthavankal
Doctrine: Unity of Old and New Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: சாமியார், சித்தர்

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (6:10; 13:24).

Law

Approved rendering: நியாயப்பிரமாணம்
Transliteration: niyayapramanam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம்
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. 7:12’s ‘a change of priesthood requires a change of law’ and 8:10’s ‘law written on hearts’ both use this term.

Sin

Approved rendering: பாவம்
Transliteration: paavam
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: தீவினை
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly.

Glory

Approved rendering: மகிமை
Transliteration: magimai
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Root of 1:3’s ‘radiance of glory’ compound.

Covenant

Approved rendering: உடன்படிக்கை
Transliteration: udanpadikkai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: ஒப்பந்தம்
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly. NOTE the deliberate Greek wordplay at 9:16-17: the same word διαθήκη also means ‘last will/testament,’ a legal sense உடன்படிக்கை does not naturally carry. Retain உடன்படிக்கை for consistency but supply a one-time clarifying gloss using உயில் (ordinary Tamil for ‘last will’) at 9:16-17 specifically, with an explanatory bridge clause; flag for joint theologian + native-speaker review — this is structural argument, not decoration.

Promise

Approved rendering: வாக்குத்தத்தம்
Transliteration: vaakkuthatham
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise in Christ
Rejected alternatives: வரம்
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly. Never வரம் (a boon secured by a devotee’s vow/penance) — Hebrews’ promise is God’s unilateral pledge, especially prominent in 6:12-17 and throughout ch. 11.

Inheritance

Approved rendering: சுதந்தரம்
Transliteration: suthantharam
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise in Christ
Rejected alternatives: சுதந்திரம்
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Galatians/Ephesians packages. Reused exactly. Homograph guard against சுதந்திரம் (political freedom/independence) applies with full force (1:14; 9:15; 11:8).

Heir

Approved rendering: சுதந்தரவாளி
Transliteration: suthantharavali
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise in Christ

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly (1:2, ‘heir of all things’; 11:7).

Works

Approved rendering: கிரியைகள்
Transliteration: kiriyaigal
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: கர்மா, வினை

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly as the root of the new compound ‘dead works’ (மரித்த கிரியைகள், 6:1; 9:14) — see dead_works entry.

Blood Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவின் இரத்தம்
Transliteration: Kiristhuvin iratham
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice

Inherited from Ephesians package. Reused exactly as the root of 9:12’s ‘his own blood’ (தமது சொந்த இரத்தத்தினால்) — the ‘own’ (சொந்த) element is Critical and must never be dropped, since it establishes Christ as simultaneously priest and victim.

Hope

Approved rendering: நம்பிக்கை
Transliteration: nambikkai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: ஆசை

Inherited from Ephesians package. Reused exactly. Grounds 6:11-19’s ‘full assurance of hope’ and the ‘anchor of the soul’ image; must carry promise-grounded certainty, not wishful optimism.

Redemption

Approved rendering: மீட்பு
Transliteration: meetpu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: விடுதலை, முக்தி
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Galatians/Ephesians/Colossians packages. Reused exactly (9:12,15). The ‘his own blood’ (இடியோஸ்) element must accompany it here so priest-and-victim identity is not lost.

Devil

Approved rendering: பிசாசு
Transliteration: pisaasu
Doctrine: The Real Humanity and Solidarity of Christ
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Inherited from Ephesians package. Reused exactly (2:14) — the one defeated personal adversary whose power over death Christ’s own death destroys; never a folk-taxonomy spirit (பேய்/முனி) to be ritually managed.

Cross

Approved rendering: சிலுவை
Transliteration: siluvai
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly (12:2). Do not aestheticize its shamefulness (‘despising the shame’).

Slavery

Approved rendering: அடிமைத்தனம்
Transliteration: adimaithanam
Doctrine: The Real Humanity and Solidarity of Christ

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly (2:15) — lifelong bondage to the fear of death, from which Christ’s death delivers.

Called

Approved rendering: அழைக்கப்பட்ட
Transliteration: azhaikkappatta
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise in Christ
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (9:15) — the recipients of the eternal inheritance identified by God’s sovereign call, never fatalism/karma.

Calling

Approved rendering: அழைப்பு
Transliteration: azhaippu
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise in Christ

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly, relevant to 3:1’s ‘heavenly calling’ (cf. Philippians’ பரம அழைப்பு).

Trespass

Approved rendering: அக்கிரமம்
Transliteration: akkiramam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: தீவினை

Inherited from Ephesians package. Reused exactly; kept lexically distinct from the new Hebrews-specific term மீறுதல் (transgression, παράβασις) — see that entry.

Contentment

Approved rendering: மனநிறைவு
Transliteration: mananiraivu
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life
Rejected alternatives: பற்றின்மை, ஆசையின்மை
Original: ἀρκούμενοι
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Philippians package. Reused exactly (13:5). Never பற்றின்மை/ஆசையின்மை (vairāgya-style detachment).

Confess

Approved rendering: அறிக்கை செய்தல்
Transliteration: arikkai seythal
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest

Inherited from Philippians package. Reused exactly for ὁμολογία (‘our confession,’ 3:1; 4:14; 10:23) — must stay verbatim-consistent with the established Romans 10:9 confession convention wherever the underlying confession content overlaps.

Providence

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய பராமரிப்பு
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Paramarippu
Doctrine: Man’s Appointed Death and Judgment (Anti-Reincarnation)
Rejected alternatives: ஊழ்

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to 9:27’s ‘it is appointed for man to die once’ (நியமிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது) — God’s personal, purposive ordinance, never ஊழ் (classical Tamil literary fate) or தலைவிதி.

Fullness

Approved rendering: பரிபூரணம்
Transliteration: paripooranam
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering (root-family cross-reference)

Inherited from Ephesians/Colossians packages. Not directly used as a headword in Hebrews, but shares its root with the new Hebrews term பூரணப்படுத்துதல் (perfect/make perfect, τελειόω) and inherits an IDENTICAL Vedantic pūrṇam collision risk — flag both term-families together in every review.

Temple

Approved rendering: ஆலயம்
Transliteration: aalayam
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology (contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்

Inherited from Ephesians/Colossians packages (‘church as God’s temple’ doctrine). NOT used directly as a Hebrews term but retained explicitly to mark the CONTRAST with பரிசுத்த ஸ்தலம் (holy place) and கூடாரம் (tabernacle): ஆலயம் names the separate ecclesiological doctrine and must never be used interchangeably with the sanctuary/tabernacle vocabulary of Hebrews 8-9. Never கோவில் (Hindu temple) for any of these three terms.

Priest

Approved rendering: ஆசாரியர்
Transliteration: aasaariyar
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: பூசாரி, அர்ச்சகர்
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood

NEW. A priest of the Levitical order, Melchizedek, or (typologically) Christ (5:6; 7:1-3,11,15,17,20-21,23; 8:4; 10:11). Same protective distinction from பூசாரி/அர்ச்சகர் applies at every occurrence.

Priesthood

Approved rendering: ஆசாரியத்துவம்
Transliteration: aasaariyathuvam
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη / ἱερατεία
Category: Priesthood

NEW. Abstract office-noun (7:11-12,14,24). Keep lexically distinct from ஆசாரியர் (the office-holder) so 7:12’s ‘a change of priesthood requires a change of law’ remains legible as an argument about the OFFICE, not the person.

Without Genealogy

Approved rendering: வம்ச அட்டவணை இல்லாதவர்
Transliteration: vamsa attavanai illaathavar
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἀγενεαλόγητος
Category: Priesthood

NEW. A typological, not historical-biographical, claim (7:3) that Christ’s priesthood does not depend on hereditary descent. Genuine positive resonance with this pipeline’s established anti-hereditary-privilege/anti-caste teaching thread (cf. Colossians new_humanity_without_distinctions; Philippians confidence_in_the_flesh’s குலப் பெருமை critique) — a teaching asset if surfaced explicitly.

Indestructible Life

Approved rendering: அழியாத ஜீவன்
Transliteration: azhiyaatha jeevan
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ζωὴ ἀκατάλυτος
Category: Priesthood

NEW. The permanent resurrection life on which Christ’s priesthood rests, rather than genealogical succession (7:16). Must be taught as the personal, bodily resurrection life of the risen Christ, never an impersonal immortal soul/ātman doctrine — deliberately paired with ஜீவன் (personal life) rather than ஆத்மா (Vedantic-coded soul/self).

Guarantor Of Covenant

Approved rendering: உடன்படிக்கையின் உத்தரவாதி
Transliteration: udanpadikkaiyin uthiravaathi
Doctrine: Christ as Covenant Mediator and Guarantor
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant

NEW. Christ as ἔγγυος, personal guarantor of the better covenant (7:22) — stronger and more personal than ‘mediator’ (மத்தியஸ்தன்). Coined on the everyday Tamil commercial/legal sense of உத்தரவாதி (loan guarantor/surety), a genuine cultural asset: Tamil speakers immediately grasp a guarantor personally backing a debt, precisely Hebrews’ point.

Tabernacle

Approved rendering: கூடாரம்
Transliteration: koodaaram
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Original: σκηνή
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The wilderness sanctuary and its heavenly archetype (8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10). Used of both the earthly copy and the heavenly reality; context must disambiguate, especially at 9:11’s ‘greater and more perfect tent.‘

Holy Place

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஸ்தலம்
Transliteration: parisutha sthalam
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: ἅγια
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The sanctuary, either earthly or (contextually) heavenly (9:8,12,24-25; 10:19; 13:11). Kept distinct from ஆலயம் (church-as-temple doctrine) and NEVER கோவில் (Hindu temple, forbidden per baseline).

Most Holy Place

Approved rendering: மகா பரிசுத்த ஸ்தலம்
Transliteration: mahaa parisutha sthalam
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Original: ἅγια ἁγίων
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The innermost chamber, entered once a year with blood (9:3). Same anti-கோவில் guard as holy_place.

Eternal

Approved rendering: நித்திய
Transliteration: nithiya
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation

NEW. Qualifies redemption, Spirit, inheritance, salvation, judgment, and covenant (5:9; 6:2; 9:12,14,15; 13:20). Must be used consistently across all six ‘eternal X’ phrases so readers recognize the recurring, structurally important adjective; never diluted to merely ‘long-lasting.‘

Dead Works

Approved rendering: மரித்த கிரியைகள்
Transliteration: mariththa kiriyaigal
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Salvation

NEW compound on inherited கிரியைகள். The lifeless, external ritual-observance system that cannot cleanse the conscience (6:1; 9:14). Never confuse with நற்கிரியைகள் (good works, Ephesians 2:10 fruit-of-salvation term) — opposite categories.

Living God

Approved rendering: ஜீவனுள்ள கடவுள்
Transliteration: jeevanulla kadavul
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θεῷ ζῶντι
Category: God

NEW compound on inherited கடவுள். A recurring Hebrews idiom (3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22) contrasting the true God with dead idols and a lifeless ritual system — reinforces the package’s monotheism safeguard.

Put Away Annul Sin

Approved rendering: அகற்றுதல்
Transliteration: agatruthal
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις
Category: Sin

NEW. Decisive, legal-forensic annulment of sin (9:26) and (cognately) setting-aside of the priesthood-establishing commandment (7:18). Must carry decisive, once-for-all removal, never gradual reduction/incremental karmic burning-off.

Copy Pattern

Approved rendering: நகல்
Transliteration: nagal
Doctrine: Shadow and Copy of the Heavenly Realities
Original: ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The earthly tabernacle system named as copies/patterns of the true heavenly realities (8:5; 9:23-24). Must not read as maya/illusion (unreal appearance) — the copy was real and God-ordained, just not final.

New Covenant

Approved rendering: புதிய உடன்படிக்கை
Transliteration: puthiya udanpadikkai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη καινή
Category: Covenant

NEW compound on inherited உடன்படிக்கை (8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24). Must be kept consistently paired and contrasted with முந்திய/பழைய உடன்படிக்கை throughout chs. 8-10.

First Covenant

Approved rendering: முந்திய உடன்படிக்கை
Transliteration: munthiya udanpadikkai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: பழைய உடன்படிக்கை (acceptable variant)
Original: πρώτη διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

NEW compound. The Sinai covenant, now set aside in favor of the new covenant (8:7,13; 9:1,15,18). Must not be taught as worthless or evil, but as genuinely fulfilled and surpassed.

Access Draw Near

Approved rendering: அணுகுதல்
Transliteration: anuguthal
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Salvation

NEW. The letter’s central structural access verb (4:16; 7:19,25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22). Must never drift between a technical ‘access’ sense in doctrinal passages and a generic ‘come to’ sense elsewhere — lock as the consistent rendering across all occurrences.

Throne Of Grace

Approved rendering: கிருபையின் சிங்காசனம்
Transliteration: kirupaiyin singaasanam
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Salvation

NEW compound on inherited கிருபை (4:16). Must read as direct, confident, relational access to a personal God’s presence, not a ritual-transactional petition before an impersonal court.

Full Assurance Of Faith

Approved rendering: முழு நிச்சயமான விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: muzhu nichchayamaana vishvasam
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: πληροφορία πίστεως
Category: Faith

NEW compound on inherited விசுவாசம் (10:22). The qualifier முழு (full/complete) must never be dropped, since ordinary conversational நிச்சயம் can mean anything from certainty to mild confidence.

Better Kreitton

Approved rendering: மேன்மையான
Transliteration: menmaiyaana
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: κρείττων
Category: Christology

NEW. The book’s structural comparative (1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6 x2; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24). Must be taught as ABSOLUTE, categorical superiority at EVERY occurrence, not merely preferential ‘better for me’ henotheistic ranking (the இஷ்ட தெய்வம் — chosen personal deity — logic); risk of gradual erosion across a long letter if the teaching note is applied only at first occurrence.

More Perfect Tabernacle

Approved rendering: பூரணமான
Transliteration: pooranamaana
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Original: τελειοτέρας σκηνῆς
Category: Sanctuary

NEW comparative form (9:11, τελειοτέρας σκηνῆς). Shares the τελειόω root-family; must not be treated as a throwaway adjective but connected explicitly to the letter’s whole perfection/completion theme.

Sabbath Rest

Approved rendering: ஓய்வு
Transliteration: oyvu
Doctrine: God’s Rest
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Eschatology

NEW (reusing the Colossians festival-vocabulary root ஓய்வுநாள்). A rare technical noun (4:9) naming the still-available Sabbath-rest ‘remaining’ for God’s people. Same anti-moksha caution as rest_katapausis applies with equal force.

Faiths Conviction

Approved rendering: நிச்சயமான தெரிவு
Transliteration: nichchayamaana therivu
Doctrine: The Definition of Faith
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith

NEW. The settling proof/conviction of things not seen (11:1), companion term to ஆதாரம் in Hebrews’ definitional couplet.

Unbelief

Approved rendering: அவிசுவாசம்
Transliteration: avishvasam
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Faith

NEW direct antonym compound on inherited விசுவாசம் (3:12,19). Must stay lexically linked to விசுவாசம் so the contrast — the opposite of trusting the living God — remains visible.

Discipline Paideia

Approved rendering: சிட்சை
Transliteration: sitchai
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Proof of Sonship
Rejected alternatives: தண்டனை
Original: παιδεία
Category: Sanctification

NEW (established OV word for loving fatherly correction). Proves, rather than threatens, sonship (12:5-11, quoting Proverbs 3:11-12). Must be distinguished from தண்டனை (retributive punishment) and must not be read through a karmic-punishment lens (suffering as payback for past-life deeds) — the passage’s entire point is the reverse.

Radiance Of Glory

Approved rendering: மகிமையின் பிரகாசம்
Transliteration: magimaiyin pirakaasam
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Christology

NEW compound on inherited மகிமை. Christ as the shining-forth (not reflection) of God’s own glory, of the same essence (1:3). Care must be taken this not be heard through a Saiva light-theology lens (சிவப்பிரகாசம்) as one divine radiance among others.

Christs Immutability

Approved rendering: நீரோ மாறாதவராயிருக்கிறீர்
Transliteration: neero maaraathavaraayirukkireer
Doctrine: The Immutability and Eternality of Christ
Original: σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν
Category: Christology

NEW (OT quotation, Psalm 102:25-27, 1:12). Establishes Christ’s eternal changelessness even as creation perishes and changes. Must remain PERSONAL changelessness of the historical, incarnate, risen Jesus — not the impersonal changeless-Absolute (Brahman) category. Anticipates 13:8.

Same Yesterday Today Forever

Approved rendering: இயேசு கிறிஸ்து நேற்றும் இன்றும் என்றென்றைக்கும் மாறாதவர்
Transliteration: yesu kiristhu netrum indrum entrendraikkum maaraathavar
Doctrine: The Immutability and Eternality of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Category: Christology

NEW. The letter’s climactic immutability statement (13:8), recapitulating 1:12. A natural memory-verse; connect explicitly to the ch. 1 immutability note for teaching consistency.

Partakers Of Flesh And Blood

Approved rendering: மாம்சத்திலும் இரத்தத்திலும் பங்குகொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: maamsathilum irathathilum pangukolluthal
Doctrine: The Real Humanity and Solidarity of Christ
Original: μέτοχοι σαρκὸς καὶ αἵματος
Category: Christology

NEW compound on inherited மாம்சம். Christ’s real, full incarnational solidarity (2:14). Must read as REAL incarnation, consistent with தேகதாரணம் (never அவதாரம் — the strongest word-substitution temptation given Tamil Vaishnavism’s dasavatara devotion).

Tempted Yet Without Sin

Approved rendering: எல்லாவிதத்திலும் சோதிக்கப்பட்டவர், ஆனாலும் பாவமில்லாதவர்
Transliteration: ellaavithathilum sothikkappattavar, aanaalum paavamillaathavar
Doctrine: The Real Humanity and Solidarity of Christ
Original: πεπειρασμένος κατὰ πάντα … χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ’s full solidarity with human testing without compromise of sinlessness (4:15). The identical Greek phrase χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας recurs at 9:28 with a DISTINCT sense (not dealing with sin again, rather than being sinless) — do not mechanically render both occurrences identically without regard to context.

Learned Obedience

Approved rendering: கீழ்ப்படிதலைக் கற்றார்
Transliteration: keezhppadithalai katraar
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering
Original: ἔμαθεν τὴν ὑπακοήν
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ’s experiential, not merely notional, obedience to the Father, learned through suffering (5:8). Same caution as perfected_through_suffering.

Intercession

Approved rendering: பரிந்துபேசுதல்
Transliteration: parinthu-pesuthal
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium), ELEVATED to High for the Hebrews curriculum given its centrality to the letter’s high-priestly Christology (7:25, Christ’s present, ongoing, personal intercession grounded in his indestructible resurrection life). Reuse the exact rendering; only the review-priority tier is elevated for this book.

Body Prepared

Approved rendering: சரீரம்
Transliteration: sareeram
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: σῶμα
Category: Christology

NEW use of the established Philippians சரீரம் term. The real, prepared, incarnate body of Christ, quoting Psalm 40:6-8 (10:5,10) — the instrument of his voluntary self-offering. Reinforces genuine incarnational theology against any docetic reading.

Founder Pioneer

Approved rendering: ஆரம்பகர்த்தா
Transliteration: aarambakarththaa
Doctrine: Christ Perfected through Suffering / Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: தலைவர்
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology

NEW. ἀρχηγός, ‘looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of faith’ (12:2; cf. 2:10). Deliberately avoids தலைவர் (political/cinema resonance).

Heavenly Jerusalem

Approved rendering: மேலான எருசலேம்
Transliteration: melaana yerusalem
Doctrine: The Heavenly Jerusalem and Mount Zion
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Eschatology

NEW — RECOMMEND REUSE of the Galatians 4:26 term (‘Jerusalem above’) for the same theological referent (12:22). Must not read as a Hindu cosmological celestial realm (devaloka) but as the eschatological city of the personal living God, already ‘come to’ (perfect tense). Flag for theologian confirmation of this cross-book consistency decision.

Church Of The Firstborn

Approved rendering: முதற்பேறானவர்களின் சபை
Transliteration: mutharperaanavargalin sabai
Doctrine: Unity of Old and New Testament Saints
Original: ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων
Category: Church

NEW compound combining inherited சபை and முதற்பேறானவர். The redeemed community, corporately sharing (by union with Christ) firstborn heirship status (12:23). A DISTINCT, CORPORATE sense from Christ’s own unique Christological title (Colossians 1:15,18) — flag the distinction explicitly.

Spirits Of The Righteous Made Perfect

Approved rendering: பூரணப்படுத்தப்பட்ட நீதிமான்களுடைய ஆவிகள்
Transliteration: pooranappaduthapatta neethimaankaludaiya aavigal
Doctrine: Unity of Old and New Testament Saints
Original: πνεύματα δικαίων τετελειωμένων
Category: Eschatology

NEW compound of inherited நீதி and the τελειόω word-family. The departed Old Testament saints, now completed in the heavenly assembly (12:23).

Better Country Heavenly Homeland

Approved rendering: மேன்மையான தேசம்
Transliteration: menmaiyaana thesam
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: κρείττων πατρίς, ἐπουράνιος
Category: Faith

NEW compound on inherited பரலோகம். The heavenly homeland the OT saints desired, beyond any earthly promised land (11:16).

Law Written On Hearts

Approved rendering: இருதயங்களில் எழுதப்பட்ட நியாயப்பிரமாணம்
Transliteration: iruthayangalil ezhuthappatta niyayapramanam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old

NEW. Direct quotation of Jeremiah 31:33 (8:10) — the new covenant’s defining feature: internal, transformed obedience, not merely an externally-imposed code. Connects to the mystery_revealed_to_all and new_self doctrines already established in the Ephesians/Colossians packages.

Eternal Judgment

Approved rendering: நித்திய நியாயத்தீர்ப்பு
Transliteration: nithiya niyaayatheerpu
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages

NEW compound (6:2, elementary doctrine list). Uses the consistent நித்திய qualifier (see ‘eternal’ entry); a fixed, final, personal accounting before God, never a station in a repeated cycle.

Consummation Of The Ages

Approved rendering: யுகங்களின் முடிவில்
Transliteration: yugangalin mudivil
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice

NEW. συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων (9:26) — a linear-historical, not cyclical, temporal marker; Christ’s sacrifice is the historical hinge-point of ONE redemptive history. CAUTION: யுகம் (age/era) here names a plain period of time, not the Hindu cyclical-Yuga cosmology, but the surface-form overlap requires a mandatory teaching note at every occurrence clarifying that this is the climax of one linear history, never the turn of one cosmic cycle among many. Distinguish from course_of_this_world’s Ephesians-established யுகம்-avoidance rule, which concerns a different Greek sense (αἰών as ‘world-order’).

Medium Risk Terms

Mediator

Approved rendering: மத்தியஸ்தன்
Transliteration: mathiyasthan
Doctrine: Christ as Covenant Mediator and Guarantor
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly (7:22; 8:6; 9:15; 12:24) for cross-book consistency with Galatians 3:19-20.

Forgiveness

Approved rendering: மன்னிப்பு
Transliteration: mannippu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Ephesians package. Reused exactly (9:22; 10:18). Per inherited rule, மன்னிப்பு alone never substitutes for redemption/propitiation vocabulary.

David

Approved rendering: தாவீது
Transliteration: thaaveethu
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (11:32).

Israel

Approved rendering: இஸ்ரவேல்
Transliteration: israel
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (8:8,10, quoting Jeremiah 31).

Church

Approved rendering: சபை
Transliteration: sabai
Doctrine: Unity of Old and New Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: கோவில்
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (2:12, quoting Psalm 22:22; 12:23’s ‘church of the firstborn’).

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: ராஜ்யம்
Transliteration: Rajyam
Doctrine: The Heavenly Jerusalem and Mount Zion
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package (தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம்). Reused exactly, qualified in Hebrews as அசைக்கமுடியாத ராஜ்யம் (‘unshakeable kingdom,’ 12:28).

Peace

Approved rendering: சமாதானம்
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (closing benediction)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. ‘The God of peace’ (13:20) and ‘pursue peace with all people’ (12:14).

Shadow

Approved rendering: நிழல்
Transliteration: nizhal
Doctrine: Shadow and Copy of the Heavenly Realities
Original: σκιά
Category: Sanctuary

Inherited from Colossians package. Reused exactly (8:5; 10:1). Same established caution against a maya/illusion reading applies: the shadow was real and God-given, now fulfilled, not unreal.

Apostle

Approved rendering: அப்போஸ்தலன்
Transliteration: appostalan
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: குரு

Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:1 applies this title distinctively to CHRIST HIMSELF (‘the apostle and high priest of our confession’) — a unique Christological use elsewhere reserved for human messengers; retain the established rendering and flag this unusual application for teaching notes. Never குரு.

Sacrifice

Approved rendering: பலி
Transliteration: pali
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice

Inherited from Ephesians/Philippians packages. Reused exactly as the root for καναிக்கைகளும் பலிகளும் (gifts and sacrifices), ஸ்தோத்திரப் பலி (sacrifice of praise, 13:15), and throughout chs. 9-10. NEVER stand alone in doctrinal passages without the ஒரேதரம் qualifier where the source implies it, to prevent drift into Tamil village-shrine recurring-appeasement connotations.

Household Of God

Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய வீட்டார்
Transliteration: Kadavuludaiya veettaar
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses

Inherited from Ephesians package. Relevant to Hebrews 3:2-6’s ‘house’ argument (Christ as Son/builder over the house, Moses as faithful servant within it) and 10:21’s ‘house of God.‘

Baptism

Approved rendering: ஞானஸ்நானம்
Transliteration: gnanasnanam
Doctrine: Christian instruction (elementary teaching)
Rejected alternatives: தீர்த்தம், புனித நீராடல்

Inherited from Ephesians package. Applies to Hebrews 6:2’s elementary-teaching list. NOTE: this term must NEVER be used for the OT ceremonial washings of 9:10 (βαπτισμοῖς, plural, referring to Levitical purification rites) — a different Greek register despite the shared root; render those instead with a purification-specific phrase (see purification/tabernacle_furnishings entries) to avoid confusing readers about the doctrine of Christian baptism.

Levite Levitical

Approved rendering: லேவியன்
Transliteration: leviyan
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: Λευίτης / Λευιτικός
Category: Priesthood

NEW. Descendants of Levi holding hereditary priestly/cultic offices under Mosaic law (7:5,9,11; 8:4). Established Tamil transliteration of the tribal name; must stay distinct from ஆசாரியர் used generically of Christ’s priesthood.

Veil

Approved rendering: திரைச்சீலை
Transliteration: thiraiccheelai
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The curtain separating the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place, torn at Christ’s death, identified with his flesh as the way of entry (9:3; 10:20). Established Tamil Bible term for the temple veil (cf. Matthew 27:51).

Gifts And Sacrifices

Approved rendering: காணிக்கைகளும் பலிகளும்
Transliteration: kaanikkaigalum baligalum
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίαι
Category: Priesthood

NEW. The general priestly task performed by every high priest, including Christ (5:1; 8:3; 9:9; 11:4). NOTE: this δῶρον (cultic offering) is a distinct Greek word and register from Ephesians 2:8’s soteriological ‘gift’ (ஈவு) — never conflate the two despite sharing an English gloss.

Purification

Approved rendering: சுத்திகரிப்பு
Transliteration: suthigarippu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: καθαρισμός / καθαρίζω
Category: Salvation

NEW. Cleansing, either the old system’s outward/bodily purification or Christ’s inward purification of the conscience (1:3; 9:13-14,22-23; 10:2). Keep the external/internal contrast sharp at every occurrence.

Sprinkling

Approved rendering: தெளித்தல்
Transliteration: theliththal
Doctrine: The Blood of the Covenant
Original: ῥαντισμός / ῥαντίζω
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The ritual application of blood or water in OT purification and its NT application to Christ’s blood (9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24). Consistent rendering required across all five occurrences so readers track the sprinkling-motif from Sinai through to Christ’s ‘blood of sprinkling’ (12:24).

Transgression

Approved rendering: மீறுதல்
Transliteration: meeruthal
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παράβασις
Category: Sin

NEW. Violation of a specific known commandment under the first covenant (2:2; 9:15). Distinct from inherited அக்கிரமம் (trespass) and பாவம் (sin, general) — παράβασις denotes a specific boundary-crossing against a known Mosaic commandment.

Boldness Confidence

Approved rendering: தைரியம்
Transliteration: thairiyam
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation

NEW. Confident, unhindered approach to God, possible only through the high priest’s mediation (3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35).

New And Living Way

Approved rendering: புதிய, ஜீவனுள்ள வழி
Transliteration: puthiya, jeevanulla vazhi
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ὁδὸς … ζῶσα
Category: Salvation

NEW. The living access Christ opened through his flesh (10:20). வழி must NEVER be rendered with or supplemented by மார்க்கம் (religious-path register, already forbidden per the Ephesians ‘walk’ convention) — this extends that ban explicitly to this doctrine, since ‘way of access to God’ is doctrinally central here, not incidental.

Repentance

Approved rendering: மனந்திரும்புதல்
Transliteration: mananthirumbuthal
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy

NEW. Elementary teaching (6:1), impossible-to-renew in the severest warning (6:6), and unavailable to Esau (12:17). Established ordinary Tamil Christian term; doctrinally weighty in the 6:6 context.

Angels

Approved rendering: தேவதூதர்
Transliteration: devathoothar
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology

NEW (consistent with existing Colossians usage). God’s created spiritual servants, repeatedly contrasted with the Son (1:4-13; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2). Reuse consistently at every occurrence.

Sympathize

Approved rendering: இரங்குதல்
Transliteration: iranguthal
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: συμπαθέω
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ’s genuine, experiential compassion for human weakness (4:15). Must retain personal warmth, not stoic distance; the specific personal sympathy here has no real Hindu priestly parallel.

Forerunner

Approved rendering: முன்னோடி
Transliteration: munnodi
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πρόδρομος
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ as the one who has entered the heavenly sanctuary ahead of believers, opening the way (6:20). Linked Christological thread with ஆரம்பகர்த்தா (ἀρχηγός, 2:10; 12:2) — teach together.

Priesthood Typology Hebrews

Approved rendering: மெல்கிசேதேக்கின் முறைமையின்படியான ஆசாரியத்துவம்
Transliteration: melkisedhekkin muraimaiyinpadiyaana aasaariyathuvam
Doctrine: Melchizedek Priesthood Typology
Original: ἱερωσύνη κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood

NEW. Christ’s priestly order established according to Melchizedek’s pattern, not Levi’s (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17). Governs the whole of chapter 7’s argument.

Birthright

Approved rendering: முதற்பேறு உரிமை
Transliteration: mutharperu urimai
Doctrine: Unity of Old and New Testament Saints
Original: πρωτοτόκια
Category: Church

NEW. Esau’s ordinary inheritance-rights as firstborn son, traded for momentary gratification (12:16). Must be kept lexically distinct from both முதற்பேறானவர் (Christ’s title) and முதற்பேறானவர்களின் சபை (the corporate church title).

Unshakeable Kingdom

Approved rendering: அசைக்கமுடியாத ராஜ்யம்
Transliteration: asaikkamudiyaatha raajyam
Doctrine: The Heavenly Jerusalem and Mount Zion
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Church

NEW compound on inherited ராஜ்யம். The permanent, eschatological kingdom, contrasted with all created, shakeable things (12:28).

Consuming Fire

Approved rendering: பட்சிக்கும் அக்கினி
Transliteration: patchikkum akkini
Doctrine: God’s Wrath and Holiness (Consuming Fire)
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: God

NEW (OT quotation, Deuteronomy 4:24, 12:29). Closes the ch. 12 warning material; a sober reminder of God’s holiness, consistent with the Ephesians wrath_of_god convention.

Great Shepherd

Approved rendering: மகா மேய்ப்பர்
Transliteration: mahaa meypar
Doctrine: The Blood of the Covenant (closing benediction)
Original: ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology

NEW compound on inherited மேய்ப்பர். Closing benediction’s title for Christ, raised from the dead by the God of peace (13:20).

Altar

Approved rendering: பலிபீடம்
Transliteration: balipeedam
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (concluding reflection)
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. ‘We have an altar’ — spiritual, not physical, referent (13:10). Context must make clear this does not advocate a literal altar-cult.

Outside The Camp

Approved rendering: பாளையத்திற்கு வெளியே
Transliteration: paalaiyathirku veliye
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (concluding reflection)
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ’s suffering outside the gate, bearing reproach (13:11-13). Connects to the honor-shame theme already flagged for the cross (Galatians package).

Sacrifice Of Praise

Approved rendering: ஸ்தோத்திரப் பலி
Transliteration: sthothirap bali
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (concluding reflection)
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Sanctuary

NEW compound of inherited பலி and ஸ்தோத்திரம். The reframing of θυσία in its final letter occurrence as verbal worship, not ritual offering (13:15) — a fitting close to the whole sacrifice-argument.

The Day Drawing Near

Approved rendering: நாள் சமீபித்து வருகிறது
Transliteration: naal sameepiththu varugirathu
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance

NEW. ‘As you see the Day drawing near’ (10:25) — Christ’s return/final judgment approaching; linear eschatology, never an astrologically auspicious date.

Free From Love Of Money

Approved rendering: பணப்பிரியமில்லாத
Transliteration: panapiriyamillaatha
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life

NEW. Contentment ethic (13:5), connecting to inherited மனநிறைவு.

Leaders Give Account

Approved rendering: கணக்குக் கொடுக்கவேண்டியவர்களாக இருக்கிற தலைவர்களுக்குக் கீழ்ப்படிதல்
Transliteration: kanakku koduka vendiyavargalaaga irukkira thalaivargalukku keezhppadithal
Doctrine: Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages (leadership application)
Rejected alternatives: குரு-அடிபணிதல்

NEW. Obedience to spiritual leaders who will give an account (13:17). Must not be read as guru-authority submission; leadership is stewardship under Christ, not a spiritual-master relationship.

Imitate Their Faith

Approved rendering: அவர்களுடைய விசுவாசத்தைப் பின்பற்றுங்கள்
Transliteration: avargaludaiya vishvasathai pinpatrungal
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life

NEW use of inherited விசுவாசம் (13:7). Leaders’ faith, not personal status, is to be imitated.

Low Risk Terms

Abraham

Approved rendering: ஆபிரகாம்
Transliteration: abiragam
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly.

Sarah

Approved rendering: சாராள்
Transliteration: saaraal
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

Inherited from Galatians package. Reused exactly (11:11).

Fellowship

Approved rendering: ஐக்கியம்
Transliteration: aikkiyam
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life
Rejected alternatives: நட்பு

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly (13:16, ‘do good and share’).

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ஸ்தோத்திரம்
Transliteration: sthothiram
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (concluding reflection)

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly as the root of ஸ்தோத்திரப் பலி (‘sacrifice of praise,’ 13:15).

Moses

Approved rendering: மோசே
Transliteration: mose
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant

Established Tamil Bible proper-name form per baseline transliteration standards; reused for Hebrews (3:1-6,16; 7:14; 8:5; 9:19; 10:28; 11:23-24; 12:21).

Order Of Priesthood

Approved rendering: முறைமை
Transliteration: muraimai
Doctrine: Melchizedek Priesthood Typology
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood

NEW. ‘According to the order of Melchizedek’ (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17, quoting Psalm 110:4). Established quotation-phrasing.

Melchizedek

Approved rendering: மெல்கிசேதேக்
Transliteration: melkisedhek
Doctrine: Melchizedek Priesthood Typology
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood

NEW (proper name). Genesis 14/Psalm 110’s priest-king of Salem (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17). Established Tamil Bible transliteration. The text’s own built-in etymological gloss (‘king of righteousness… king of peace,’ 7:2) must be retained in translation, since the transliteration itself carries no Hebrew meaning for a Tamil reader.

Cherubim

Approved rendering: கெருபீம்
Transliteration: kerupeem
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Original: χερουβίμ
Category: Sanctuary

NEW (transliteration). The angelic figures overshadowing the mercy seat (9:5). Established Tamil Bible transliteration (cf. Genesis 3, Exodus 25).

Tabernacle Furnishings

Approved rendering: குத்துவிளக்கும் மேஜையும் சமுகத்து அப்பமும் பெட்டகமும்
Transliteration: kuthuvilakkum mejaiyum samugaththu appamum pettagamum
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Sanctuary Typology
Original: λυχνία, τράπεζα, πρόθεσις τῶν ἄρτων, κιβωτός
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. The lampstand, table, bread of the Presence, and ark (9:2,4). Concrete OT furniture; low doctrinal ambiguity.

Sacrificial Animals

Approved rendering: மாட்டுக்கடா, வெள்ளாட்டுக்கடா, கன்றுக்குட்டி, கடாரி பசுவின் சாம்பல்
Transliteration: maattukkadaa, vellaattukkadaa, kandrukkutti, kadaari pasuvin saambal
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ταῦροι, τράγοι, μόσχοι, σποδὸς δαμάλεως
Category: Sanctuary

NEW. Bulls, goats, calves, and red-heifer ashes — the lesser case in Hebrews’ ‘how much more’ arguments (9:12-13,19; 10:4). Concrete OT ritual vocabulary, low ambiguity.

Anchor Of Hope

Approved rendering: நங்கூரம்
Transliteration: nangooram
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Faith

NEW. Hope as a firm, secure anchor for the soul (6:19). Concrete nautical image, low ambiguity.

Cloud Of Witnesses

Approved rendering: சாட்சிகளின் மேகம்
Transliteration: saatchigalin megam
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Faith

NEW. The great company of chapter 11’s faithful (12:1). Vivid stadium imagery, low ambiguity.

Race Of Faith

Approved rendering: ஓட்டப்பந்தயம்
Transliteration: ottapandhayam
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἀγών
Category: Faith

NEW. The endurance-race image (12:1), consistent with the already-established Philippians athletic-contest imagery.

Ministering Spirits

Approved rendering: ஊழியம் செய்யும் ஆவிகள்
Transliteration: oozhiyam seyyum aavigal
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα
Category: Christology

NEW. Angels’ functional servant role (1:14), sharpening the angels/Son contrast: angels serve, the Son rules and receives worship.

Laying On Of Hands

Approved rendering: கைகளை வைத்தல்
Transliteration: kaigalai vaithal
Doctrine: Christian instruction (elementary teaching)

NEW. Established ritual gesture listed among elementary teachings (6:2).

Milk And Solid Food

Approved rendering: பால் … கடின ஆகாரம்
Transliteration: paal … kadina aagaaram
Doctrine: Christian instruction (spiritual maturity)

NEW. Standard NT metaphor for spiritual immaturity vs. maturity (5:12-14), introducing the ch. 6 warning.

Trained By Practice

Approved rendering: பயிற்சியால் பழக்கப்பட்ட
Transliteration: payirchiyaal pazhakkappatta
Doctrine: Christian instruction (spiritual maturity)

NEW. Spiritual discernment as a trained capacity, not an instant attainment (5:14).

Elementary Teaching Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்துவைப் பற்றின ஆரம்ப போதனை
Transliteration: Kiristhuvai patrina aarambha bothanai
Doctrine: Christian instruction (elementary teaching)

NEW. Basic doctrine, contrasted with the mature Melchizedek priesthood teaching about to follow (6:1).

Hospitality

Approved rendering: அந்நியரை உபசரித்தல்
Transliteration: anniyarai upasariththal
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life

NEW. Concrete ethical instruction (13:2).

Marriage Honored

Approved rendering: திருமணம் எல்லாரிடத்திலும் மேன்மையாய் எண்ணப்படக்கடவது
Transliteration: thirumanam ellaaridathilum menmaiyaay ennappadakkadavathu
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life

NEW. Concrete ethical instruction (13:4).

Approved rendering: நன்மை செய்வதையும், ஐக்கியப் பகிர்வையும் மறவாதிருங்கள்
Transliteration: nanmai seyvathaiyum, aikkiya pagirvaiyum maravaathirungal
Doctrine: Concluding Christian Ethics and Household Life

NEW compound with inherited ஐக்கியம் (13:16). Concrete ethical outworking, low doctrinal risk.

Enoch

Approved rendering: ஏனோக்கு
Transliteration: enokku
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:5).

Noah

Approved rendering: நோவா
Transliteration: nova
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:7).

Isaac

Approved rendering: ஈசாக்கு
Transliteration: eesaakku
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:9,17-20).

Jacob

Approved rendering: யாக்கோபு
Transliteration: yaakkobu
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:9,20-21).

Joseph

Approved rendering: யோசேப்பு
Transliteration: yosepu
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:21-22).

Rahab

Approved rendering: ராகாப்
Transliteration: raagaap
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:31).

Gideon

Approved rendering: கிதியோன்
Transliteration: kithiyon
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (11:32).

Aaron

Approved rendering: ஆரோன்
Transliteration: aaron
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (5:4; 7:11; 9:4).

Jeremiah

Approved rendering: எரேமியா
Transliteration: eremiya
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form, source of the 8:8-12 new-covenant citation.

Zion

Approved rendering: சீயோன்
Transliteration: seeyon
Doctrine: The Heavenly Jerusalem and Mount Zion

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form (12:22).

Jerusalem

Approved rendering: எருசலேம்
Transliteration: yerusalem
Doctrine: The Heavenly Jerusalem and Mount Zion

NEW (proper name). Established Tamil Bible form; root of மேலான எருசலேம் (12:22).

Habakkuk

Approved rendering: ஆபகூக்
Transliteration: aabakuk
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints

NEW (proper name; also in the baseline book-name conventions). Source of the 10:38 citation (‘the righteous shall live by faith’), which must match the established Romans 1:17 rendering verbatim.

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