Core Glossary

Core Glossary: 2 Timothy

Tamil Language Package — Per-Term Translation Risk Table

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all four chapters of 2 Timothy. Terms marked [TM] are already fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly, with no re-derivation. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed for promotion into translation memory as part of this curriculum’s Phase 1 output. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier scale (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and drive the same review-routing logic as doctrine_risk_registry.json (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).

A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Translation Memory [TM]

English term	Greek	Tamil (established)	Risk	2 Timothy occurrences
God	θεός	கடவுள்	Critical	Throughout — see enforcement note below
Lord	κύριος	கர்த்தர்	Critical	1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18; 2:7, 2:19, 2:22, 2:24; 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22
Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	இயேசு	Critical	Throughout
Christ	Χριστός	கிறிஸ்து	Critical	Throughout
Holy Spirit	Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον	பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்	Critical	1:14
grace	χάρις	கிருபை	High	1:2, 1:9; 2:1
faith	πίστις	விசுவாசம்	High	1:5, 1:13; 2:18, 2:22; 3:8, 3:10, 3:15; 4:7
salvation	σωτηρία	இரட்சிப்பு	Critical	2:10; 3:15
Savior	σωτήρ	இரட்சகர்	Critical	1:10
righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	நீதி	Critical	2:22; 3:16; 4:8
resurrection	ἀνάστασις	உயிர்த்தெழுதல்	Critical	2:8, 2:18 (2:18 as NAMED ERROR — see §D)
apostle	ἀπόστολος	அப்போஸ்தலன்	Medium	1:1, 1:11
calling	κλῆσις	அழைப்பு	High	1:9
holy	ἅγιος	பரிசுத்தம்	High	1:9, 1:14
power	δύναμις	வல்லமை	Critical	1:7, 1:8; 3:5
word	λόγος	வசனம்	Critical	2:9, 2:15, 2:17; 4:2
gospel	εὐαγγέλιον	சுவிசேஷம்	High	1:8, 1:10; 2:8
seed of David	σπέρμα Δαυίδ	தாவீதின் வம்சம்	High	2:8
gentiles/nations	ἔθνη	புறஜாதியார்	High	4:17
glory	δόξα	மகிமை	High	2:10; 4:18
heaven (adj. heavenly)	ἐπουράνιος	பரலோக(ம்)	Critical	4:18
kingdom	βασιλεία	ராஜ்யம்	Medium	4:1, 4:18
election/elect	ἐκλεκτός	தெரிந்துகொள்ளப்பட்டவர்கள்	High	2:10
exhort	παρακαλέω	உற்சாகப்படுத்துதல்	Low	4:2
evangelist	εὐαγγελιστής	சுவிசேஷகர்	Medium	4:5
devil	διάβολος	பிசாசு	High	2:26
mercy	ἔλεος	இரக்கம்	Medium	1:2, 1:16, 1:18
peace	εἰρήνη	சமாதானம்	Medium	2:22
father	πατήρ	பிதா	Critical	1:2

Enforcement note: every compound built on “God” in 2 Timothy (θεός) — including “man of God,” “word of God,” “power of God,” “before God,” “in the presence of God” — must render with கடவுளுடைய/கடவுள், never தேவனுடைய/தேவன், per the God-word decision fixed in the baseline. This book contains several such compounds (1:1, 1:8; 2:9, 2:14, 2:15, 2:19, 2:25; 3:17; 4:1) and each is a checkpoint for this rule.

B. New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum [NEW]

English term	Greek	Translit.	Proposed Tamil	Risk	Doctrine	Key reasoning / forbidden alternatives
Scripture (the bounded OT/NT canon)	γραφή	graphē	வேதவாக்கியம் (சகல வேதவாக்கியமும்)	Critical	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	Reuses the Romans baseline doctrine registry’s own established label. வேதம்-root collision with Hindu Vedas is acknowledged but unavoidable — the established Tamil Christian convention. Must always anchor to a bounded, closed canon; πᾶσα (“all”) must not be softened into scripture-in-general across traditions.
sacred writings	ἱερὰ γράμματα	hiera grammata	பரிசுத்த வேதவாக்கியங்கள்	High	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	Same வேதம்-caution as above; ἱερός (sacred) distinct from ἅγιος (holy, πரிசுத்தம்), but rendered with the same Tamil root for clarity.
God-breathed	θεόπνευστος	theopneustos	கடவுளால் ஏவப்பட்ட	Critical	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	NEVER a தெய்வீக-compound (தெய்வீக ஏவுதல்): தெய்வீக is built on தெய்வம் (a deity), the same root class already rejected for “deity” (தெய்வீகத்தன்மை, Colossians) and “Son of God” (தெய்வப்புத்திரன்). Use கடவுள் directly. NEVER framed as poetic/mystical afflatus (Siddhar-composition model) or as apauruṣeya (authorless-eternal-text) framing.
teaching / doctrine	διδασκαλία, διδαχή	didaskalia, didachē	போதனை	High	Guarding Sound Doctrine	NEVER உபதேசம் — the ordinary Tamil word for “teaching,” but which in the Tamil religious landscape specifically denotes a guru’s secret mantra-initiation instruction to a disciple (already flagged for Colossians’ “mystery” doctrine). போதனை (built on the போதகர்/“teacher” [TM] root) avoids the guru-śiṣya collision.
sound / healthy teaching	ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι	hygiainousa didaskalia	ஆரோக்கியமான போதனை / ஆரோக்கியமான வார்த்தைகள்	High	Guarding Sound Doctrine	Preserve the medical/health metaphor consistently (it recurs at 1:13; 4:3 and connects to the “gangrene” image at 2:17). NEVER உபதேசம் for the doctrine-word component.
the entrusted deposit	παραθήκη	parathēkē	(ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்ட) வைப்பு	High	Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	Natural Tamil commercial/banking term (வைப்பு, deposit) — preserved intact, not invested for private gain. CAUTION: must stay anchored to GOSPEL CONTENT held in trust for others, not read through the Tamil merit-bank frame (புண்ணியம் சேமித்தல், accumulating merit for oneself).
entrust	παρατίθεμαι	paratithemai	ஒப்படைத்தல்	High	Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	Verb-cognate of παραθήκη; keep the same Tamil root (ஒப்படை-) visible across 1:12, 1:14, and 2:2 so the chain-of-transmission argument is visually coherent in Tamil as it is in Greek.
appearing (of Christ)	ἐπιφάνεια	epiphaneia	பிரசன்னமாதல்	Critical	The Charge to Preach the Word; Assurance of Reward	NEVER தரிசனம் — the pervasive, everyday Tamil-Hindu temple term for a devotee’s viewing/audience with a deity’s image (கோவில் தரிசனம்). Using தரிசனம் would invert the doctrine’s direction: in ἐπιφάνεια Christ comes/appears to his people; in தரிசனம் the worshipper approaches to view the deity. Identical rendering required at all three occurrences: 1:10 (past, historical), 4:1 and 4:8 (future, eschatological).
judge (title/office)	κριτής	kritēs	நீதிபதி	Medium	Assurance of Reward	Neutral, forensic, courtroom-register Tamil word (built on நீதி, [TM]). CAUTION: avoid any epithet overlapping the traditional titles of யமன் (Yama), the Hindu mythological judge of the dead.
myths / fables	μῦθοι	mythoi	கட்டுக்கதைகள்	High	Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days	NEVER புராணம் — which names specifically the Hindu Puranas, a revered scriptural genre. கட்டுக்கதை (invented/fabricated story) names the general category without targeting any specific tradition’s scripture.
itching ears	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	knēthomenoi tēn akoēn	செவிக்கு இனிமையானதைக் கேட்க ஆசைப்படுதல்	Medium	Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days	Idiom-handling case: no established Tamil “itching ears” idiom exists; render the meaning plainly rather than forcing a strange literal calque.
last days	ἔσχαται ἡμέραι	eschatai hēmerai	கடைசி நாட்கள்	High	Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days	NEVER framed with கலியுகம் (Kali Yuga) vocabulary or cyclical-age cosmology — parallels the established Ephesians caution against யுகம் for αἰών. This is a bounded, linear final period before Christ’s one, historical return, not a repeating cosmic cycle.
godliness / form of godliness	εὐσέβεια / μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας	eusebeia / morphōsis eusebeias	தேவபக்தி / பக்தியின் தோற்றம்	High	Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days	Distinct Greek word from πίστις (faith) — established Tamil Bible tradition does render εὐσέβεια with பக்தி (unlike πίστις, which must NEVER use பக்தி). Flag High regardless: the verse’s force depends on the reader feeling the force of impressive-but-powerless religious performance, directly relevant to any culture with rich visible devotional practice.
endure suffering / hardship	κακοπαθέω	kakopatheō	கஷ்டங்களைச் சகித்தல்	High	Perseverance under Suffering	CAUTION: avoid drift toward Tamil fatalistic-resignation register (இது என் விதி, “this is my fate”). Must read as active, hope-grounded perseverance flowing from the promised reward (4:8) and Christ’s rescue (4:18), never passive acceptance of an unchangeable cosmic lot.
endurance / perseverance	ὑπομονή	hypomonē	நிலைத்திருத்தல் / சகித்து நிற்றல்	High	Perseverance under Suffering	Reuse the established perseverance_in_faith doctrine-name pattern (விசுவாசத்தில் நிலைத்திருத்தல், Colossians baseline) for consistency across the Tamil Language Package.
rescue / deliver	ῥύομαι	rhyomai	விடுவித்தல் / காப்பாற்றுதல்	Medium	Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward	Keep distinct from, but consonant with, the [TM] இரட்சிப்பு family; a personal-God rescue verb, never an impersonal deliverance mechanism.
repentance	μετάνοια	metanoia	மனந்திரும்புதல்	Medium	Guarding Sound Doctrine (2:25)	Must be framed as God’s GRANT (a relational turning), never a self-performed penitential ritual removing karmic stain (பாவப்பரிகாரம்).
vessel (honor/dishonor)	σκεῦος	skeuos	பாத்திரம்	High	Guarding Sound Doctrine	CAUTION: intersects with living Tamil ritual-purity/caste-status vessel logic. The passage’s own point — status changes through self-cleansing, not fixed birth-category — must be preserved prominently in teaching material to prevent a caste-hierarchy misreading.
gift (charisma, singular)	χάρισμα	charisma	(தேவனுடைய/ஆவிக்குரிய) வரம்	High	Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	Reuse the established varam-family caution from spiritual_gifts [TM]: bare வரம் reads as a devotional “boon” granted for a vow/petition; always pair with a God-referring qualifier.
immortality / incorruption	ἀφθαρσία	aphtharsia	அழிவின்மை	High	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture (context: 1:10)	Must be presented as a GIFT disclosed/brought to light by Christ, never as the soul’s innate pre-existing immortality carried across the Hindu/Jain rebirth cycle.
deny (Christ)	ἀρνέομαι	arneomai	மறுதலித்தல்	High	Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days	Central to the 2:11-13 creedal couplet; must preserve the precise deny/faithless/faithful logic without sliding into either universalism or works-merit soteriology. Flag for theologian review as part of the indivisible 2:11-13 unit.
solemnly charge	διαμαρτύρομαι	diamartyromai	உறுதியாகக் கட்டளையிடுதல்	High	The Charge to Preach the Word	Legal/covenantal oath-register; must not be weakened into casual advice (“I suggest,” “I ask”).
crown (victor’s wreath)	στέφανος	stephanos	கிரீடம்	Medium	Assurance of Reward	Neutral Tamil word for crown; must be held in tension with கிருபை (grace) so the reward reads as Christ’s gracious gift to Spirit-enabled perseverance, not an independent merit account (cf. 4:8 note in §D).
preach	κηρύσσω	kēryssō	பிரசங்கித்தல்	Low	The Charge to Preach the Word	Established, unambiguous Tamil Christian term; no significant syncretism risk.
gangrene	γάγγραινα	gangraina	அழுகுநோய் (பரவும் புண்)	Low	Guarding Sound Doctrine (context: 2:17)	Part of the health-metaphor word-family with ὑγιαίνω; keep the medical register consistent.
drink offering (poured out)	σπένδομαι	spendomai	பானபலியாக ஊற்றப்படுதல்	Medium-High	Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward	Reuse the Philippians package’s sacrifice caution (பலி, God-ward OT frame only); a one-time, self-giving worship act, never a repeatable village-shrine libation/propitiation pattern.
training/discipline (in righteousness)	παιδεία	paideia	நற்பயிற்சி	Medium	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	Prefer “training” over சிட்சை (which skews punitive); Scripture’s disciplinary work is formative, not merely punitive.
reproof	ἔλεγχος / ἐλέγχω	elenchos / elenchō	குற்றத்தை உணர்த்துதல் / கண்டித்தல்	Low-Medium	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture; The Charge to Preach the Word	Standard corrective vocabulary; low syncretism risk.
self-control / sound-mindedness	σωφρονισμός	sōphronismos	தன்னடக்கம்	Low-Medium	The Charge to Preach the Word (context: 1:7)	NT hapax; render as self-discipline/self-mastery, distinct from ἀκρατεῖς (“without self-control,” 3:3).

C. Terms with No New Rendering Decision (Low Risk, Standard Tamil Vocabulary)

The following terms occur in 2 Timothy but require no special package-level decision beyond ordinary careful translation; they are listed here for completeness of full-book coverage:

English term	Greek	Chapter(s)	Note
soldier, soldier’s discipline	στρατιώτης, στρατεύομαι	2:3-4	Standard military vocabulary; no religious loading.
athlete / compete	ἀθλέω	2:5	Standard athletic-contest vocabulary.
farmer	γεωργός	2:6	Agrarian, culturally familiar, no risk.
foundation	θεμέλιος	2:19	Standard architectural metaphor.
seal	σφραγίς	2:19	Reuse [TM-family] முத்திரை (Ephesians).
gentleness / meekness	ἤπιος, πραΰτης	2:24-25	Reuse [TM-family] சாந்தகுணம் (Philippians).
impostor / deceiver	γόης	3:13	வஞ்சகன் — standard, no special risk.
ministry / service	διακονία	4:5	Reuse established ஊழியம்.
defense (legal)	ἀπολογία	4:16	பிரதிவாதம் — historical/legal register, not religiously loaded.
forsake / abandon	ἐγκαταλείπω	4:10, 4:16	கைவிடுதல் — standard.
Proper names (Timothy, Lois, Eunice, Hymenaeus, Philetus, Jannes, Jambres, Demas, Alexander, Crescens, Titus, Luke, Mark, Tychicus, Carpus, Priscilla/Prisca, Aquila, Erastus, Trophimus, Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, Claudia)	various	Throughout	Transliterate per established Tamil Bible convention; no doctrinal risk.

D. Escalation Flags for Human Theologian Review (Critical/High Concentration Points)

Per the baseline’s escalation-routing convention, the following units require mandatory human theologian review in Phase 2, given the density and precision of doctrine-bearing vocabulary:

2 Timothy 1:9-10 — calling, grace, purpose “before the ages,” the FIRST ἐπιφάνεια occurrence, abolition of death, ἀφθαρσία. (Election/predestination-adjacent + Christology + the ἐπιφάνεια/தரிசனம் boundary.)
2 Timothy 2:11-13 — the four-line creedal couplet (died with/live with; deny/deny; faithless/faithful). Indivisible doctrinal unit; must not be excerpted partially.
2 Timothy 2:15-19 — ὀρθοτομέω, the sound-words/gangrene metaphor, and the NAMED FALSE TEACHING that “the resurrection has already happened” (must be unmistakably flagged as rejected error while still using the Critical-tier உயிர்த்தெழுதல் term correctly).
2 Timothy 3:1-9 — the last-days/perilous-times framing (Kali Yuga boundary) plus the full vice catalogue and the μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας (“form of godliness”) warning.
2 Timothy 3:14-17 (core passage) — γραφή, θεόπνευστος: the book’s Inspiration-doctrine center. Every occurrence of θεόπνευστος requires theologian sign-off given its Critical tier and its NT-hapax uniqueness.
2 Timothy 4:1-2 — the formal charge (διαμαρτύρομαι), the SECOND ἐπιφάνεια occurrence, and κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς (judge of the living and dead, Yama-adjacency caution).
2 Timothy 4:6-8 — the athletic/sacrificial climax (σπένδομαι, ἀγῶνα, δρόμον, πίστις-kept), the THIRD ἐπιφάνεια occurrence, and στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης held in tension with grace (the book’s “Assurance of Reward” doctrinal center, requiring the same grace/reward discipline already established for Philippians 2:12-13).

E. Consistency Requirements with the Baseline Language Package

Every occurrence of “God” (θεός) in 2 Timothy renders as கடவுள், never தேவன், including in all “man of God,” “word of God,” and “power of God” compounds — this book contains an unusually high density of such compounds and is a significant test case for the God-word rule’s consistent application.
ἐπιφάνεια renders identically at 1:10, 4:1, and 4:8 (பிரசன்னமாதல்); தரிசனம் is added to this package’s forbidden-substitution list at Critical tier.
உயிர்த்தெழுதல் (resurrection) is used at 2:18 to name a REJECTED false teaching — translators must ensure the rejection is unmistakable in context, since this is otherwise a Critical-tier affirmed-doctrine term everywhere else in the baseline.
The Romans-established virtue quartet நீதி/விசுவாசம்/அன்பு/சமாதானம் (righteousness/faith/love/peace, 2:22) reuses all four TM terms exactly.
புறஜாதியார் (4:17) carries forward the baseline’s standing caution regarding adjacency to caste (ஜாதி) vocabulary.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: கடவுள்
Transliteration: kadavul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: தேவன், பரமேஸ்வரன், பகவான்
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timothy this book carries an unusually high density of God-compounds (man of God 3:17; word of God 2:9; power of God 1:8; before God 4:1) — every one of them must render with கடவுளுடைய/கடவுள், never தேவனுடைய/தேவன், making this book a key consistency test of the package’s God-word decision.

Lord

Approved rendering: கர்த்தர்
Transliteration: karthar
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: எஜமான்
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18; 2:7, 2:19, 2:22, 2:24; 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22.

Jesus

Approved rendering: இயேசு
Transliteration: yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package.

Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து
Transliteration: kiristhu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package (promoted to full memory entry there from Galatians).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த ஆவியானவர்
Transliteration: Parisutha Aaviyanavar
Doctrine: Sanctification / Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: பிரம்மம், பரமாத்மா
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timothy 1:14, the good deposit is guarded ‘through the Holy Spirit’ — personal empowerment, never an impersonal life-force.

Father

Approved rendering: பிதா
Transliteration: pitha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the letter’s opening greeting (1:2).

Salvation

Approved rendering: இரட்சிப்பு
Transliteration: iratchippu
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: மோட்சம், முக்தி
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:10, 3:15.

Savior

Approved rendering: இரட்சகர்
Transliteration: iratchagar
Doctrine: Christ as Savior
Rejected alternatives: மீட்பர்
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation

Inherited from the Philippians package. In 2 Timothy 1:10, ‘our Savior Christ Jesus… abolished death and brought life and immortality to light’ — the FIRST of the book’s three ἐπιφάνεια occurrences.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: நீதி
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward / Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: தர்மம், புண்ணியம்
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER தர்மம். Scripture trains ‘in righteousness’ (3:16) and names the crown awaiting the faithful (4:8) — the crown must be read as Christ’s gracious gift to Spirit-enabled perseverance, not an independent merit account.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: உயிர்த்தெழுதல்
Transliteration: uyirthezhuthal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: மறுபிறவி
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL 2 TIMOTHY-SPECIFIC NOTE: at 2:8 this term names Paul’s affirmed gospel content (Christ ‘risen from the dead’), but at 2:18 the SAME Critical-tier term is used to describe Hymenaeus and Philetus’s REJECTED heresy (‘the resurrection has already happened’). The Tamil rendering and surrounding context at 2:18 must make the rejection unmistakable so the term is never mistaken for affirmed doctrine at that verse.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய வல்லமை
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Vallamai
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation / Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: சக்தி
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package literal wording (தேவனுடைய). MANDATORY 2 TIMOTHY-SPECIFIC CORRECTION: every fresh compound built on δύναμις θεοῦ in this book (1:7-8; 3:5) MUST be rendered கடவுளுடைய வல்லமை, not தேவனுடைய வல்லமை, per this package’s God-word convention. NEVER சக்தி, given the living village Amman goddess tradition.

Heaven

Approved rendering: பரலோகம்
Transliteration: paralogam
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: சொர்க்கம், வைகுண்டம், கைலாசம், மோட்சலோகம்
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from the Philippians package. 2 Timothy 4:18: ‘…bring me safely into his heavenly kingdom.’ CRITICAL: பரலோகம் only.

Word Of God

Approved rendering: வசனம்
Transliteration: vasanam
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: λόγος
Category: Scripture

Inherited from the Colossians package word_of_christ family (வசனம்). 2 Timothy: ‘preach the word’ (4:2); ‘the word of God is not bound’ (2:9); ‘rightly handling the word of truth’ (2:15). The content of preaching is fixed apostolic/scriptural content, never the preacher’s own opinion. Every compound with θεός in this phrase uses கடவுளுடைய, never தேவனுடைய.

Scripture

Approved rendering: வேதவாக்கியம்
Transliteration: vedhavaakkiyam
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: வேதம், நூல், புத்தகம், புனித நூல்கள்
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy. 3:16: ‘all Scripture (πᾶσα γραφή) is God-breathed.’ Reuses the established Tamil Christian convention (also the baseline Romans doctrine-registry’s own doctrine-name root). The வேதம் root shared with the Hindu Vedas is entrenched, unavoidable Tamil Christian usage — not a new package decision but an accepted fixed cost. CRITICAL: πᾶσα (‘all’) must always be taught as the bounded OT/NT canon Timothy was raised on (3:15), never softened into a pluralist ‘every tradition’s scripture is inspired’ reading (the live Tamil risk exemplified by Thirumular’s ‘ஒன்றே குலம் ஒருவனே தேவன்’).

God Breathed

Approved rendering: கடவுளால் ஏவப்பட்ட
Transliteration: kadavulaal evappatta
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: தெய்வீக ஏவுதல், தெய்வ ஏவுதல், இறை அருளிய
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy — the single highest-stakes term-decision in this book, alongside ‘appearing’ below. 3:16 (θεόπνευστος, a New Testament hapax legomenon). NEVER a தெய்வீக-compound: தெய்வீக is built on தெய்வம் (‘a deity’), the same root class already rejected for ‘deity’ (தெய்வீகத்தன்மை, Colossians) and ‘Son of God’ (தெய்வப்புத்திரன்); using it here would re-import the pantheon-membership ambiguity கடவுள் was chosen to close. Also NEVER இறை அருளிய (the Tamil devotional-poet ‘grace-given/inspired utterance’ register of Alvar/Nayanmar hymnody), which locates inspiration in the human composer’s ecstatic experience rather than the text’s divine origin, and never any Vedic apauruṣeya (‘authorless, eternal text’) framing. Every occurrence requires theologian sign-off.

Appearing

Approved rendering: பிரசன்னமாதல்
Transliteration: pirasannamaathal
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word / Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: தரிசனம், தோற்றம்
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology

NEW for 2 Timothy — the single most consequential new term-decision in this book (ἐπιφάνεια: 1:10, 4:1, 4:8). Render identically at ALL THREE occurrences. NEVER தரிசனம் — the pervasive, everyday Tamil-Hindu temple term for a devotee’s viewing/audience with a deity’s image (கோவில் தரிசனம்). Using தரிசனம் would INVERT the doctrine’s direction: in ἐπιφάνεια Christ COMES/APPEARS to his people; in தரிசனம் the WORSHIPPER approaches to view the deity. Added to this package’s forbidden-substitution list at Critical tier, on the same footing as அவதாரம் for incarnation.

Crown

Approved rendering: கிரீடம்
Transliteration: kireedam
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: στέφανος
Category: Eschatology

NEW for 2 Timothy (στέφανος, 4:8), ‘the crown of righteousness.’ கிரீடம் is a neutral, non-cultic Tamil word for crown, safe to use lexically. HOWEVER the doctrine must be held in explicit tension with கிருபை (grace, Critical TM): the crown is Christ’s GIFT (ἀποδώσει, ‘will give/award,’ not wages owed) to perseverance that is ITSELF Spirit-enabled (cf. 1:6-7’s spiritual gift), not an independent merit account — apply the same grace/reward discipline already established for Philippians 2:12-13.

Faithful Saying

Approved rendering: விசுவாசமான வார்த்தை
Transliteration: vishvaasamaana vaarthai
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness despite Human Unfaithfulness
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (2:11-13 couplet)
Category: Apostasy

NEW for 2 Timothy — the indivisible 2:11-13 creedal couplet (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος): ‘if we died with him, we will live with him; if we deny him, he also will deny us; if we are faithless, he remains faithful, for he cannot deny himself.’ Requires theologian review as a single unit, parallel to the Galatians 1:8-9 double-anathema and Ephesians 2:5-6 σύν-verb rules already established in this package. Never excerpt partially.

Power

Approved rendering: வல்லமை
Transliteration: vallamai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering / Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: சக்தி

NEW for 2 Timothy as a standalone entry (δύναμις, 1:7-8; 3:5 — ‘having the appearance of godliness but denying its power’). Reuses the established root வல்லமை; every God-compound built on this root in 2 Timothy (see power_of_god above) must use கடவுளுடைய, never தேவனுடைய. NEVER சக்தி.

High Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: கிருபை
Transliteration: kirupai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward / Divine Calling and Spiritual Gifting
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம், ஊழ்வினை பலன்
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Must be held in explicit tension with the crown/reward language of 4:8 so perseverance and reward never read as a merit transaction. Also grounds the calling of 1:9 (‘not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace’).

Faith

Approved rendering: விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: vishvasam
Doctrine: Faith / Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Never பக்தி. NOTE: the distinct Greek word εὐσέβεια (‘godliness’) elsewhere in this book DOES use பக்தி-family vocabulary (see godliness entry below) — this is a separate lexical decision for a different Greek word, not an exception to this rule.

Called

Approved rendering: அழைக்கப்பட்ட
Transliteration: azhaikkappatta
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Spiritual Gifting
Rejected alternatives: அழைப்பு பெற்ற

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:9: ‘saved and called with a holy calling.‘

Calling

Approved rendering: அழைப்பு
Transliteration: azhaippu
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Spiritual Gifting
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 1:9: God’s holy calling given ‘not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace… before the ages began’ — must never be rendered with fatalism vocabulary (தலைவிதி/விதி/ஊழ்/ஊழ்வினை).

Holy

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்தம்
Transliteration: parisutham
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: சுத்தம்
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Describes the calling (1:9) and the Spirit (1:14) in this letter.

Gospel

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷம்
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Gospel / Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: நல்ல செய்தி
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. The saving proclamation for which Paul suffers (1:8) and which Timothy must guard and transmit (2:8; 2:2).

Seed Of David

Approved rendering: தாவீதின் வம்சம்
Transliteration: thaaveethin vamsam
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 2:8 cites Christ’s Davidic descent alongside his resurrection as fixed gospel content Timothy must remember.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: புறஜாதியார்
Transliteration: purajathiyar
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 4:17: ‘so that all the Gentiles might hear.’ Carries forward the baseline’s caste-adjacency caution (proximity to ஜாதி in surface form).

Glory

Approved rendering: மகிமை
Transliteration: magimai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Assurance of Reward
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. The goal of salvation (2:10) and the object of the letter’s closing doxology (4:18).

Election

Approved rendering: தெரிந்துகொள்ளுதல்
Transliteration: therinthu-kolluthal
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: தலைவிதி, ஊழ்வினை

Inherited from Romans package. Cognate ἐκλεκτός (‘the elect,’ 2:10) — see elect entry below.

Devil

Approved rendering: பிசாசு
Transliteration: pisaasu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: பேய்
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Inherited from the Ephesians package. 2 Timothy 2:26: escape ‘the snare of the devil.’ Not one spirit among the Tamil folk taxonomy (பேய்/முனி) to be ritually managed.

Sacred Writings

Approved rendering: பரிசுத்த வேதவாக்கியங்கள்
Transliteration: parisutha vedhavaakkiyangal
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: புனித நூல்கள்
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy. 3:15 (ἱερὰ γράμματα), the OT writings Timothy has known ‘from childhood’ — an idiom distinct from γραφή in v.16. NEVER புனித நூல்கள் (‘sacred books’), the phrase Tamil media uses loosely for any religion’s sacred text, which would erase Christian specificity. Anchor to Christ/gospel content in surrounding context.

Teaching

Approved rendering: போதனை
Transliteration: bothanai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: உபதேசம்
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy (διδασκαλία/διδαχή, 3:10, 3:16; 4:2-3). NEVER உபதேசம் — the ordinary Tamil word for ‘teaching,’ but which in the Tamil religious landscape specifically denotes a guru’s secret, mantra-initiation instruction to a disciple (already flagged for Colossians’ esoteric-transmission caution). போதனை (built on the established போதகர் ‘teacher’ root) is public, apostolic, gospel content meant for everyone — the deliberate opposite of guarded initiate knowledge.

Sound Teaching

Approved rendering: ஆரோக்கியமான போதனை
Transliteration: aarokkiyamaana bothanai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy (ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι — 1:13; 4:3; continues into 2:17’s gangrene image). Preserve the medical/health register (ஆரோக்கியமான) consistently at all three occurrences so Paul’s own internal image — truth as health, error as spreading disease — survives translation. Never உபதேசம் for the doctrine component.

Entrusted Deposit

Approved rendering: வைப்பு
Transliteration: vaippu
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: புண்ணியம் சேமித்தல், பொக்கிஷம்
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (παραθήκη, 1:12, 1:14). A natural Tamil commercial term for a deposit held in trust, preserved and returned intact, never invested for private profit (cf. established அச்சாரம், Ephesians). CAUTION: must stay anchored to GOSPEL CONTENT held in trust FOR OTHERS’ benefit, never read through the Tamil merit-bank frame (புண்ணியம் சேமித்தல், accumulating merit for oneself).

Entrust

Approved rendering: ஒப்படைத்தல்
Transliteration: oppadaiththal
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: கொடுத்தல்
Original: παρατίθεμαι
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (παρατίθεμαι, 2:2). Verb-cognate of παραθήκη; reuses the same வைப்பு/ஒப்படை root established at 1:12, 1:14 so the transmission chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others also) is visually coherent in Tamil exactly as in Greek. NEVER bare கொடுத்தல் (‘give’), which loses the fiduciary, onward-transmission sense.

Myths

Approved rendering: கட்டுக்கதைகள்
Transliteration: kattukkathaigal
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: புராணம்
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy

NEW for 2 Timothy (μῦθοι, 4:4). NEVER புராணம் — the Tamil word specifically naming the Hindu Puranas, a major, revered scriptural genre; using it would turn Paul’s general warning into a targeted polemic against a specific living religious literature. கட்டுக்கதைகள் (‘fabricated/invented stories’) names the general category without naming any tradition’s scripture.

Last Days

Approved rendering: கடைசி நாட்கள்
Transliteration: kadaisi naatkal
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: கலியுகம், யுகம்
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology

NEW for 2 Timothy (ἔσχαται ἡμέραι, 3:1). CRITICAL CAUTION: must NOT be framed with கலியுகம் (Kali Yuga) vocabulary or cyclical-age cosmology — the fourth, most degenerate age of Hindu cyclical cosmology is described in terms strikingly similar to 3:1-5’s vice catalogue, making this an unusually seductive but doctrinally wrong bridge. This is a bounded, LINEAR final period ending once at Christ’s historical return, never a repeating cosmic cycle. Parallels the established Ephesians caution against யுகம் for αἰών.

Godliness

Approved rendering: தேவபக்தி
Transliteration: devabakthi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Discipleship

NEW for 2 Timothy (εὐσέβεια, 3:5). IMPORTANT: this is a DIFFERENT Greek word from πίστις (faith) — established Tamil Bible tradition renders εὐσέβεια with பக்தி-family vocabulary in the Pastoral Epistles, which is NOT a contradiction of the ‘never பக்தி for πίστις’ rule. Flagged High regardless: the verse’s force depends on readers feeling the danger of impressive-but-powerless religious performance, directly relevant in a devotionally rich culture.

Form Of Godliness

Approved rendering: பக்தியின் தோற்றம்
Transliteration: bakthiyin thotram
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας
Category: Discipleship

NEW for 2 Timothy (μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας, 3:5): ‘having the appearance of godliness, but denying its power.’ Must not be softened into generic ‘hypocrisy’ — the warning targets any culture where visible devotional practice can be performed without inward transformation, and must land with full force.

Endure Suffering

Approved rendering: கஷ்டங்களைச் சகித்தல்
Transliteration: kashtangalai sakiththal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: இது என் விதி, தவம் இருத்தல்
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Discipleship

NEW for 2 Timothy (κακοπαθέω: 1:8; 2:9; 4:5 — one consistent Tamil verb across all three, tying the doctrine together). CAUTION: avoid drift toward the natural Tamil fatalistic-resignation register (‘இது என் விதி,’ ‘this is my fate’) and avoid தவம்-framing (merit-generating ascetic austerity). Must read as ACTIVE, hope-grounded perseverance flowing from the promised crown (4:8) and Christ’s personal rescue (4:17-18), never passive acceptance of an unchangeable cosmic lot.

Endurance

Approved rendering: நிலைத்திருத்தல்
Transliteration: nilaiththiruthal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: தைரியம், பொறுமை
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Discipleship

NEW for 2 Timothy (ὑπομονή, 3:10-11). Reuses the established Colossians perseverance_in_faith doctrine-name pattern (விசுவாசத்தில் நிலைத்திருத்தல்) for package-wide consistency. Active steadfastness under pressure, not a personality trait (தைரியம்/பொறுமை both under-translate).

Vessel

Approved rendering: பாத்திரங்கள்
Transliteration: paathirangal
Doctrine: Church Purity and Vessels of Honor
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Church

NEW for 2 Timothy (σκεῦος, 2:20-21). CAUTION: intersects with living Tamil ritual-purity and caste-status vessel logic (historically caste-differentiated vessel use, temple vessel-purity rules). The passage’s own argument — status changes through self-cleansing, not fixed birth-category — must be preserved prominently in every teaching context so this image cannot be read as endorsing caste-based fixed spiritual ranking.

Spiritual Gift

Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய வரம்
Transliteration: kadavuludaiya varam
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Spiritual Gifting
Rejected alternatives: வரம் (bare), தேவனுடைய வரம்
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (χάρισμα, 1:6). Always pair வரம் with a God-referring qualifier per the established varam-family caution (spiritual_gifts, Romans baseline): bare வரம் reads as a devotional ‘boon’ granted for a vow/petition, the opposite of a gift already given by God’s initiative through the laying on of hands. CORRECTED to கடவுளுடைய (not தேவனுடைய) per this package’s God-word convention.

Immortality

Approved rendering: அழிவின்மை
Transliteration: azhivinmai
Doctrine: Abolition of Death and the Gift of Immortality
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology

NEW for 2 Timothy (ἀφθαρσία, 1:10). Must be presented as a GIFT disclosed/brought to light by Christ’s historical act, never as the soul’s innate, pre-existing immortality carried across the Hindu/Jain rebirth cycle — a live default assumption in Tamil popular anthropology that the verse’s own ‘brought to light’ language already resists.

Deny

Approved rendering: மறுதலித்தல்
Transliteration: maruthaliththal
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness despite Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy

NEW for 2 Timothy (ἀρνέομαι, 2:12-13). Central to the indivisible 2:11-13 creedal couplet; must preserve the precise deny/faithless/faithful logic without sliding into universalism (softening ‘he will deny us’) or a continuous-merit soteriology (denying that God ‘remains faithful’ even to the unfaithful).

Solemnly Charge

Approved rendering: உறுதியாகக் கட்டளையிடுதல்
Transliteration: uruthiyaaga kattalaiyiduthal
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: கேட்டுக்கொள்ளுதல்
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (διαμαρτύρομαι, 4:1). A legal/covenantal oath-formula calling on divine witnesses (God and Christ Jesus); must not be weakened into casual advice (‘I suggest,’ ‘I ask’) — the solemnity elevates 4:2’s command to a sworn charge before the divine Judge.

Drink Offering

Approved rendering: பானபலியாக ஊற்றப்படுதல்
Transliteration: paanabaliyaaga oorrappaduthal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering / Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: தன்னைத்தானே பலியிடுதல்
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Discipleship

NEW for 2 Timothy (σπένδομαι, 4:6). Reuses the established Philippians sacrifice caution (பலி, God-ward OT frame only): a ONE-TIME, self-giving, worship-toward-God act completing a finished ministry, never the recurring liquid/animal libation pattern at Tamil village Amman shrines.

Man Of God

Approved rendering: கடவுளுடைய மனுஷன்
Transliteration: kadavuludaiya manushan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: தேவனுடைய மனுஷன்
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church

NEW for 2 Timothy (ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος, 3:17). MUST use கடவுள், never the traditional தேவனுடைய மனுஷன். A recurring discipline point in this book: every ‘man/word/power of God’ phrase defaults to கடவுள் per the established package convention, resisting familiar Tamil Bible idiom that defaults to தேவன்.

Abolished Death

Approved rendering: மரணத்தை ஒழித்தல்
Transliteration: maranathai ozhithal
Doctrine: Abolition of Death and the Gift of Immortality
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον
Category: Christology

NEW for 2 Timothy (καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον, 1:10). A completed, historical, once-for-all act, parallel to the established Ephesians/Colossians ‘disarm the powers’ vocabulary. Not one victory among many recurring cosmic battles, but final and decisive.

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: அப்போஸ்தலன்
Transliteration: appostalan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: குரு
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the letter’s charge (1:1, 1:11).

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: தேவனுடைய ராஜ்யம்
Transliteration: Devanudaiya Rajyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission

Inherited from Romans package literal wording (தேவனுடைய). Retained here as the baseline entry; see kingdom_of_christ below for this book’s christologically-focused adjustment (அவருடைய ராஜ்யம், using கடவுளுடைய/அவருடைய per this package’s God-word convention where a fresh compound is rendered).

Evangelist

Approved rendering: சுவிசேஷகர்
Transliteration: suviseshakar
Doctrine: Christ’s Gift-Offices
Rejected alternatives: குரு
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church

Inherited from the Ephesians package. 2 Timothy 4:5: ‘do the work of an evangelist.‘

Mercy

Approved rendering: இரக்கம்
Transliteration: irakkam
Doctrine: Love of God and Christ
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God

Inherited from the Ephesians package. Appears in 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 (Onesiphorus’s household). Keep distinct from கிருபை (grace).

Peace

Approved rendering: சமாதானம்
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Opening greeting and the virtue-quartet of 2:22 (righteousness, faith, love, peace).

Love

Approved rendering: அன்பு
Transliteration: anbu
Doctrine: Liberty, Not License / Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: பக்தி, காதல்
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from the Galatians package. Part of the positive gift-triad of 1:7 (power, love, self-control) and the virtue-quartet of 2:22. Never பக்தி (wrong direction) or காதல் (romantic).

Servants Of Christ

Approved rendering: கிறிஸ்து இயேசுவின் ஊழியக்காரர்
Transliteration: Kiristhu Yesuvin oozhiyakkaarar
Doctrine: Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: அடியார்

Inherited from the Philippians package. Relevant to 2 Timothy 2:24’s ‘the Lord’s servant (δοῦλον Κυρίου) must not be quarrelsome’ — render with ஊழியக்காரர், never அடியார் (the Shaiva devotee-servant title).

Gentleness

Approved rendering: சாந்தகுணம்
Transliteration: saanthaguNam
Doctrine: Gentleness in Pastoral Correction

Inherited from the Philippians package. 2 Timothy 2:24-25: ‘kind to everyone… correcting with gentleness.‘

Teacher

Approved rendering: போதகர்
Transliteration: bothakar
Doctrine: Christ’s Gift-Offices
Rejected alternatives: குரு, ஆசான்

Inherited from the Ephesians package. 2 Timothy 1:11: Paul appointed ‘a preacher, apostle, and teacher (διδάσκαλος).’ Root also underlies this book’s NEW போதனை (teaching) decision below.

Judge

Approved rendering: நீதிபதி
Transliteration: neethipathi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Living and the Dead / Assurance of Reward
Original: κριτής
Category: Eschatology

NEW for 2 Timothy (κριτής, 4:1, 4:8). Neutral, forensic, courtroom-register Tamil word built on நீதி (righteousness, Critical TM). CAUTION: avoid any epithet overlapping யமன் (Yama), the Hindu mythological judge of the dead who judges souls after death in a cyclical framework; Christ judges BOTH the living and the dead within one linear eschatology.

Itching Ears

Approved rendering: செவிக்கு இனிமையானதைக் கேட்க ஆசைப்படுதல்
Transliteration: sevikku inimaiyaanathai kaetka aasaippaduthal
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: காதுகள் அரிக்கும்
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy

NEW for 2 Timothy (κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν, 4:3, an NT hapax idiom). No established Tamil ‘itching ears’ idiom exists; render the MEANING plainly per the package’s idiom-handling rule rather than forcing a strange literal calque.

Rescue

Approved rendering: விடுவித்தல்
Transliteration: viduviththal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering / Assurance of Reward
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Salvation

NEW for 2 Timothy (ῥύομαι, 3:11; 4:17-18). Keep distinct from, but consonant with, the established இரட்சிப்பு/மீட்பு families — a personal-God rescue verb, never an impersonal deliverance mechanism.

Repentance

Approved rendering: மனந்திரும்புதல்
Transliteration: mananthirumbuthal
Doctrine: Repentance and Restoration of the Erring
Rejected alternatives: பாவப்பரிகாரம்
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation

NEW for 2 Timothy (μετάνοια, 2:25). Must be framed as God’s GRANT (δώῃ, ‘may perhaps grant’), a relational turning, never a self-performed penitential ritual removing karmic stain (பாவப்பரிகாரம், a common Tamil devotional-ritual pattern).

Training In Righteousness

Approved rendering: நற்பயிற்சி
Transliteration: narpayirchi
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: சிட்சை, தண்டனை
Original: παιδεία (ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ)
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy (παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, 3:16). Preferred over சிட்சை/தண்டனை, which skew punitive; Scripture’s disciplinary work is an ongoing, formative shaping over time.

Reproof

Approved rendering: குற்றத்தை உணர்த்துதல்
Transliteration: kuttrathai unarthuthal
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture / The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἔλεγχος / ἐλέγχω
Category: Scripture

NEW for 2 Timothy (ἔλεγχος/ἐλέγχω, 3:16; 4:2). Standard corrective vocabulary; low-to-moderate syncretism risk.

Laying On Of Hands

Approved rendering: கை வைத்தல்
Transliteration: kai vaithal
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Spiritual Gifting
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν, 1:6). Established Tamil Christian ordination language; an apostolic commissioning act, not a magical transmission ritual.

Rightly Handling The Word

Approved rendering: சத்திய வசனத்தைச் செம்மையாய்க் கையாளுதல்
Transliteration: sathiya vasanathai semmaiyaai kaiyaaluthal
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (ὀρθοτομέω, 2:15, literally ‘cut straight’ — a road-building/tailoring metaphor). Render the MEANING (accuracy/precision in handling), not a literal calque, which would be opaque in Tamil.

Seal

Approved rendering: முத்திரை
Transliteration: muthirai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Church

NEW for 2 Timothy (σφραγίς, 2:19), reusing the established sealed_with_the_spirit family term (Ephesians). ‘The Lord knows those who are his’ — assurance rests on God’s ownership-seal amid apostasy within the church, not the believer’s visible progress.

Kingdom Of Christ

Approved rendering: அவருடைய ராஜ்யம்
Transliteration: avarudaiya rajyam
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word / Assurance of Reward

NEW for 2 Timothy (βασιλεία αὐτοῦ, 4:1, 4:18 — Christ’s coming reign and heavenly kingdom). Reuses the established ராஜ்யம் root (kingdom_of_god family) but with the referent Christ, not the Father; render அவருடைய ராஜ்யம், not a repeated தேவனுடைய compound, since the pronoun refers to Christ here.

Low Risk Terms

Exhort

Approved rendering: உற்சாகப்படுத்துதல்
Transliteration: utchagappaduthuthal
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 4:2’s preaching triad (‘reprove, rebuke, and exhort’) uses the building-up sense per the established context-sensitive rule.

Preach

Approved rendering: பிரசங்கித்தல்
Transliteration: pirasangiththal
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy (κηρύσσω, 4:2). Established, unambiguous Tamil Christian term; retains the herald’s authoritative, public, commissioned character (κῆρυξ, cf. 1:11).

Gangrene

Approved rendering: அழுகுநோய்
Transliteration: azhugunoi
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Apostasy

NEW for 2 Timothy (γάγγραινα, 2:17). Part of the health-metaphor word-family with ὑγιαίνω; keep the medical register consistent across 1:13, 2:17, and 4:3.

Self Control

Approved rendering: தன்னடக்கம்
Transliteration: thannadakkam
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Discipleship

NEW for 2 Timothy (σωφρονισμός, 1:7, NT hapax). Part of the positive gift-triad (power, love, self-control), opposite of cowardice; distinct from ἀκρατεῖς (‘without self-control,’ 3:3, a vice-list item).

Ministry

Approved rendering: ஊழியம்
Transliteration: oozhiyam
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry

NEW for 2 Timothy as a memory entry (διακονία, 4:5). Established, low-ambiguity term for Timothy’s assigned service, to be fully carried out.

Unfeigned Faith

Approved rendering: மாயமற்ற விசுவாசம்
Transliteration: maayamatra vishvaasam
Doctrine: Household Faith across Generations
Original: ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις
Category: Faith

NEW for 2 Timothy (ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις, 1:5). Timothy’s genuine, non-hypocritical faith, traced through Lois and Eunice — models Faithful Transmission within a family line.

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