Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Luke 1–24 (English → Telugu)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked [REUSED] are already locked in the Romans Language Package and must be rendered exactly as recorded there — no re-derivation, no denominational-alternative substitution. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this Luke curriculum and are proposed here for addition to translation memory following the same risk framework. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions (Critical/High/Medium/Low) and drive the same Phase 2 Step 17 review routing.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English Term | Telugu | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Luke References | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | దేవుడు | Dēvuḍu | Critical | God | Throughout | No change; never భగవంతుడు. |
| Jesus | యేసు | Yēsu | Critical | Christology | Throughout | No change. |
| Christ | క్రీస్తు | Krīstu | Critical | Christology | 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46 | Title/name form; used alongside మెస్సీయ. |
| Messiah | మెస్సీయ | Messīya | Critical | Messianic Promise | 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20 | No change; never అవతారపురుషుడు. |
| Lord | ప్రభువు | Prabhuvu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Throughout | No change; never స్వామి. |
| Son of God | దేవుని కుమారుడు | Dēvuni Kumāruḍu | Critical | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 1:32,35; 3:38 (implicit); 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 9:35 | No change. |
| Holy Spirit | పరిశుద్ధాత్మ | Pariśuddhātma | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work | 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49 | No change; never పరమాత్మ or పవిత్రాత్మ (locked). Central term for this curriculum’s “Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History” doctrine. |
| Father | తండ్రి | Tandri | Critical | Adoption / Prayer | 10:21-22; 11:2,13; 15:11-32; 22:42; 23:34,46 | No change; never సృష్టికర్త. |
| Resurrection | పునరుత్థానం | Punarutthānam | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 9:22; 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:1-49 | No change; never పునర్జన్మ. |
| Salvation | రక్షణ | Rakshana | Critical | Salvation | 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9-10 | No change; never మోక్షం/ముక్తి. |
| Grace | కృప | Kṛpa | High | Grace | 1:30; 2:40,52; 4:22 | No change. |
| Faith | విశ్వాసం | Viswāsam | Medium | Faith | 5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:5-6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32 | No change. |
| Justification / justified | నీతిమంతులుగా తీర్చడం | Nītimantulugā tīrchaḍam | Critical | Salvation | 7:29,35; 10:29; 16:15; 18:14 | No change; must not collapse into “forgiven.” |
| Righteousness | నీతి | Nīti | High | Salvation | 1:75 | No change. |
| Apostle | అపొస్తలుడు | Apostaluḍu | Medium | Apostleship | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 | No change. |
| Holy | పరిశుద్ధ | Pariśuddha | High | Sanctification | 1:35,49,70,72; 2:23 | No change; never పవిత్ర. |
| Peace | శాంతి | Śānti | Medium | Peace with God | 1:79; 2:14,29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36 | No change. |
| Thanksgiving | కృతజ్ఞతాస్తుతి | Kṛtajñatāstuti | Low | Thanksgiving | 17:16; 18:11; 22:17,19 | No change. |
| Kingdom of God | దేవుని రాజ్యం | Dēvuni Rājyam | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4:43; 6:20; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,27,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 13:18-29; 14:15; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18; 23:42 | No change; the single most frequent theological phrase in Luke’s Gospel — consistency here is a top priority, matching the baseline’s treatment of “Kingdom Mission.” |
| Law | ధర్మశాస్త్రము | Dharmaśāstramu | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2:22-24,27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44 | No change. |
| Sin | పాపం | Pāpam | High | Universal Human Accountability | Throughout | No change; base for [NEW] పాపి “sinner” below. |
| Gentiles | అన్యజనులు | Anyajanulu | Medium | Unity of Jew and Gentile / Universal Scope | 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 (as “all nations”) | No change; base for [NEW] “all nations” phrase below. |
| Glory | మహిమ | Mahima | High | Deity of Christ | 2:9,14,32; 9:26,31,32; 24:26 | No change. |
| Power of God | దేవుని సామర్థ్యం | Dēvuni Sāmarthyam | High | Power of God for Salvation | 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 24:49 | Rule extended in this curriculum to every divine/Spirit-related use of δύναμις in Luke, not only the Romans 1:16 phrase; never శక్తి. |
| Prophet / Prophecy | ప్రవక్త / ప్రవచనం | Pravakta / Pravachanam | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:70,76; 3:4; 4:17,24,27; 7:16,26,28,39; 9:8,19; 13:33-34; 16:16,29,31; 24:19,25,27,44 | No change. |
| Covenant | నిబంధన | Nibandhana | High | Davidic Covenant | 1:72; 22:20 | No change; base for [NEW] “new covenant” below. |
| Election / Elect / Chosen | దేవుని ఏర్పాటు | Dēvuni Ērpāṭu | High | Effectual Calling | 18:7; 23:35 | No change; base for [NEW] “the Chosen One” below. |
| David | దావీదు | Dāvīdu | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | No change; base for [NEW] “Son of David” below. |
| Israel | ఇశ్రాయేలు | Iśrāyēlu | Medium | Unity of Jew and Gentile | 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 22:30; 24:21 | No change. |
| Exhort / Encourage | ప్రోత్సహించడం | Prōtsahin̄chaḍam | Low | Mutual Edification | 3:18; 15:28; 16:25 | No change. |
| Mission | మిషన్ / సువార్తా ప్రచారం | Miṣan / Suvārtā prachāram | Low | Mission to the Nations | 9:1-6; 10:1-16; 24:47 | No change. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by This Luke Curriculum
| English Term | Telugu | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Luke References | Rendering Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | రక్షకుడు | Rakshakuḍu | Critical | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 1:47; 2:11 | Built on already-locked రక్షణ root; never a term implying release from the rebirth cycle. Alternatives rejected: మోక్షప్రదాత (“liberation-giver”). |
| Anoint / Anointed | అభిషేకించు | Abhishekin̄chu | Critical | Messianic Promise / Holy Spirit’s Work | 4:18 | Established, unavoidable Telugu Bible term; simultaneously the standard word for Hindu temple ritual anointing (Tirupati abhishekam). No viable substitute exists; flag every occurrence for awareness, always anchor tightly to Jesus/the Spirit’s commissioning. |
| Repentance / Repent | మారుమనస్సు / మారుమనస్సు పొందు | Mārumanassu / Mārumanassu pondu | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Change-of-mind/direction sense, not mere emotional regret. Alternative rejected: పశ్చాత్తాపం (over-emphasizes remorse alone). |
| Forgiveness (of sins) | పాపక్షమాపణ / క్షమాపణ | Pāpa-kshamāpaṇa / Kshamāpaṇa | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 1:77; 3:3; 7:47-48; 24:47 | Same Greek noun (ἄφεσις) as “release/liberty” below; distinct Telugu word required by context. Distinct doctrine from justification (నీతిమంతులుగా తీర్చడం, reused unchanged from baseline) — the two must not be conflated. |
| Release / Liberty (captives, oppressed) | విడుదల | Viḍudala | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18 | Same Greek noun (ἄφεσις) as “forgiveness” above; here the literal-release/Jubilee sense. Flag the ἄφεσις wordplay for theologian review at 4:18. |
| Baptism | బాప్తిస్మం | Bāptismam | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29-30; 12:50 | Established transliteration; keep rather than descriptive paraphrase. |
| Demon | దయ్యం | Dayyam | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4:33-35,41; 8:2,27-33,35-38; 9:1,42,49; 10:17; 11:14-20; 13:32 | Keep distinct from folk-superstition “ghost” usage; a personal, defeated spiritual being. |
| Devil | అపవాది / సాతాను | Apavādi / Sātānu | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4:2-13; 8:12; 10:18; 11:18; 13:16; 22:3,31 | Personal spiritual adversary, not symbolic evil. |
| Authority | అధికారం | Adhikāram | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 19:17; 20:2,8,20 | Keep distinct from సామర్థ్యం (capacity/power). |
| Sinner | పాపి | Pāpi | Medium | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:8,30,32; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 | Built on already-locked పాపం. |
| Tax collector | సుంకరి | Sunkari | Medium | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2 | Requires brief cultural note on Roman tax-farming and its social stigma. |
| Blessed (Beatitudes) | ధన్యులు | Dhanyulu | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 1:45,48; 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:27-28; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29 | Present-tense declaration of divine favor, not future wish. |
| Poor | బీదలు / దరిద్రులు | Bīdalu / Daridrulu | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20-22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | Literal economic referent must not be spiritualized away; దరిద్రులు preferred where intensity of destitution matters (4:18; 6:20). |
| Rich | ధనవంతుడు | Dhanavantuḍu | Medium | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Rich and Poor) | 12:16; 14:12; 16:1,19,21-22; 18:23,25; 19:2; 21:1 | Wealth itself not condemned; its idolatrous grip is the target (18:24-27). |
| Love (self-giving) | ప్రేమ | Prēma | High | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 6:27,32,35; 7:42,47; 10:27; 11:42 | Must be anchored by context to unconditional, self-giving sense, not romantic/affective love generally. |
| Compassion (moved with) | కనికరపడు | Kanikaraпaḍu | High | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | Strongest available Telugu compassion vocabulary; central term for this curriculum’s compassion doctrine; keep consistent across all three occurrences. |
| Hypocrite | వేషధారి | Vēshadhāri | Low | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 6:42; 11:37-44; 12:1,56; 13:15 | Established, transparent Telugu term. |
| Blasphemy (against the Spirit) | దూషణ | Dūshaṇa | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 12:10 | Must be distinguished pastorally from ordinary doubt; the unforgivable sin is willful, settled rejection. |
| Joy | సంతోషం / ఆనందం | Santōsham / Ānandam | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 1:14,44,47; 2:10; 6:23; 10:17,21; 15:7,10,22-24,32; 19:6,37; 24:41,52 | ఆనందం preferred for heaven’s/spiritual joy register; సంతోషం for everyday gladness. |
| Neighbor | పొరుగువాడు | Poruguvāḍu | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 10:27,29,36 | Teaching must make explicit Jesus’ deliberate widening of the in-group category. |
| Lost (the) | తప్పిపోయిన | Tappipōyina | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 15:4,6,9,24,32; 19:10 | Preserve “genuinely perishing,” not merely “misplaced.” |
| Mammon / Wealth (personified) | మామోను | Māmōnu | Low-Medium | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Rich and Poor) | 16:9,11,13 | Established transliteration; keep the rival-master, personified force. |
| Hades | పాతాళలోకం | Pātāḷalōkam | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 16:23 | Collides directly with Puranic netherworld cosmology; pair with transliteration హేడేసు or explanatory footnote; flag every occurrence. |
| Eternal life | నిత్యజీవం | Nitya jeevam | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 10:25; 18:18,30 | Established term; teaching must clarify personal relational life with God, not impersonal cyclical eternality. |
| Son of David | దావీదు కుమారుడు | Dāvīdu kumāruḍu | High | Messianic Promise | 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | Built on already-locked దావీదు; retain full messianic-royal force. |
| Son of Man | మనుష్యకుమారుడు | Manushya kumāruḍu | Critical | Sonship of Christ / Kingdom of God Present and Future | 5:24; 6:5,22; 9:22,26,44,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 | Holds together genuine humanity and Daniel-7 divine authority simultaneously; never flattened to “a mere human being.” |
| Disciple | శిష్యుడు | Śishyuḍu | High | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 5:30; 6:13,17,20,40; 9:14,54; 10:23; 11:1; 12:1,22; 14:26-27,33; 16:1; 17:1,22; 18:15; 19:37,39; 20:45; 22:11,39,45 | Established Telugu Christian term; note the surrounding guru-shishya cultural framework (personal enlightenment-seeking submission to a guru) is not the intended relational model — discipleship here means committed following of Jesus as Lord/Savior. |
| Take up one’s cross / Cross | సిలువ | Siluva | Critical | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 9:23; 14:27; 23:26 | Established, settled Telugu Christian term for the cross of Christ; central to both atonement and discipleship-cost theology. |
| Follow (as disciple) | వెంబడించు | Vembadin̄chu | Medium | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 5:11,27-28; 9:23,49,57-61; 18:22,28,43 | Standard term for committed following of Jesus. |
| Deny oneself | తన్నుతాను ఉపేక్షించుకొను | Tannutānu upēkshin̄chukonu | Medium | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 9:23 | Distinguish from ascetic self-mortification traditions; this is reoriented loyalty to Christ. |
| Transfigured | రూపాంతరం చెందు | Rūpāntaram chendu | Medium | Deity of Christ | 9:29 | Must not be confused with అవతారం-style repeatable divine descent (already Critical-forbidden in the baseline); this is the eternal Son’s own glory momentarily revealed. |
| Redemption | విమోచన | Vimōchana | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 1:68; 2:38; 21:28 | Must be anchored to a personal Redeemer and a real price paid; guard against drifting toward మోక్షం-style generic liberation. |
| Visit (divine visitation) | దర్శించు | Darśin̄chu | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:68,78; 7:16; 19:44 | దర్శనం’s massive cultural weight (temple darshan) runs in the opposite direction of agency from the biblical sense (God comes to help, not worshippers seeking a glimpse); clarify in teaching. |
| Favored one (Mary) | కృపపొందినదానా | Kṛpa pondinadānā | High | Grace | 1:28 | Passive-recipient rendering, consistent with κృప as unmerited favor given, not possessed or dispensed; a live Protestant/Catholic Marian-doctrine fault line in Telugu. |
| Servant / Handmaid | దాసురాలు / దాసుడు | Dāsurālu / Dāsuḍu | Low-Medium | Adoption / Discipleship | 1:38 | Standard term for voluntary, faithful servanthood. |
| Good will / Favor (divine) | దయ | Daya | Medium | Grace | 2:14 | God’s sovereign disposition, not mutual human goodwill. |
| Mercy (covenant) | కనికరము | Kanikaramu | Medium | Grace | 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36 | Distinct nuance from కృప where OT covenant ḥesed is in view. |
| Word of God | దేవుని వాక్యము | Dēvuni vākyamu | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28 | Keep register distinct from casual “word/message.” |
| Save / Heal (dual sense) | రక్షించు / స్వస్థపరచు | Rakshin̄chu / Svasthaparachu | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 7:50; 8:36,48,50; 17:19; 18:26,42 | Single Greek verb σῴζω covers both; Telugu requires two words — judge by context and flag ambiguous cases. |
| The kingdom is within/among you | మీ మధ్యనే | Mī madhyanē | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 17:21 | Corporate, Jesus’-presence sense preferred over an individual inward-state reading; genuinely doctrine-affecting choice. |
| Eat with / Table fellowship | కూడి భోజనము చేయు | Kūḍi bhōjanamu cheyu | High | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:29-30; 7:36-39; 15:1-2; 19:5-7 | Resonates with caste-crossing table-fellowship themes already noted in the baseline’s universal-scope-of-gospel doctrine for Telugu Dalit Christian history. |
| All nations | సమస్త జనములు | Samasta janamulu | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 24:47 | Built on already-locked అన్యజనులు family; retain full unqualified universality, per the baseline’s rule on universality claims. |
| New covenant | క్రొత్త నిబంధన | Kotta nibandhana | High | Davidic Covenant / Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 22:20 | Built on already-locked నిబంధన; the “new” must not imply contradiction of God’s earlier covenant faithfulness. |
| Passover | పస్కా | Paskā | Low | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins (context) | 22:1,7-15 | Established transliteration. |
| Temple (Jerusalem) | దేవాలయము | Dēvālayamu | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 2:27,37,46; 19:45-47; 20:1; 21:5-38; 22:53; 24:53 | Correct here (a literal temple); must never be used for సంఘము/church (that prohibition, from the Romans baseline, concerns a different referent). |
| Scripture | లేఖనము | Lēkhanamu | Medium | Inspiration of Scripture / Fulfillment of Prophecy | 4:21; 24:27,32,45 | Distinguish from treasured devotional literature lacking God-breathed authority. |
| Paradise | పరదైసు | Paradaisu | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 23:43 | Transliteration preferred over స్వర్గం, which carries Hindu svarga-loka (temporary heavenly-reward) associations incompatible with permanence and Christ’s personal presence. |
| The Chosen One | దేవుని ఏర్పరచబడినవాడు | Dēvuni ērparachabaḍinavāḍu | High | Election / Deity of Christ | 23:35 | Built on already-locked ఏర్పాటు; preserve the mockers’-unwitting-truth irony. |
| Power from on high | పైనుండి కలుగు సామర్థ్యం | Painuṇḍi kalugu sāmarthyam | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 24:49 | Extends the never-శక్తి rule; direct anticipation of Pentecost. |
| Ascension (taken up) | పైకి ఎత్తబడెను / ఆరోహణమాయెను | Paiki ettabaḍenu / Ārōhaṇamāyenu | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 24:51 | Keep distinct from resurrection as a separate, subsequent event. |
| Agony / Anguish | వేదన / మనోవేదన | Vēdana / Manōvēdana | Medium | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship / Humanity of Christ | 22:44 | Genuine human struggle, not doubt of the Father’s will. |
| Divine/eschatological power | సామర్థ్యం | Sāmarthyam | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 24:49 | Extension of the baseline’s power-of-God rule to all Lukan uses; never శక్తి. |
| Mighty work / Miracle | అద్భుతకార్యము | Adbhutakāryamu | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 10:13,19; 19:37 | Concrete-deed sense of δύναμις, distinct from the abstract-capacity sense rendered సామర్థ్యం. |
| Fruit worthy of repentance | మారుమనస్సునకు తగిన ఫలము | Mārumanassunaku tagina phalamu | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:8 | Evidence of, not payment for, repentance — preserve the grace/works distinction. |
| Wrath (of God) | ఉగ్రత | Ugrata | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:7; 21:23 | God’s righteous judicial anger, not petty anger. |
| Humble / Exalt | తగ్గించుకొను / హెచ్చించు | Taggin̄chukonu / Hem̐chin̄chu | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 1:52; 14:11; 18:14 | Keep the paired reversal structure consistent across occurrences. |
| Woe | శ్రమ | Śrama | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22 | Retain prophetic warning force. |
| Wilderness | అరణ్యం | Araṇyam | Low | Kingdom of God Present and Future (temptation) | 1:80; 3:2,4; 4:1-2,42; 5:16; 7:24; 8:29; 9:12; 15:4 | Echoes Israel’s wilderness narrative. |
| Tempt / Test | శోధించు | Śōdhin̄chu | Medium | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 4:2,12-13; 11:16; 20:23 | Context-sensitive between “tempt to sin” and “test/prove.” |
| Fasting | ఉపవాసం | Upavāsam | Low | Prayer and Dependence on God | 2:37; 5:33-35; 18:12 | Shared broadly across regional religious traditions; unambiguous in Lukan context. |
| Judge / Condemn | తీర్పు తీర్చు | Tīrpu tīrchu | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 6:37; 7:43; 19:22 | Context-sensitive between forbidden “condemn” and legitimate “discern.” |
| Physician | వైద్యుడు | Vaidyuḍu | Low | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 4:23; 5:31 | Self-descriptive metaphor for Jesus’ mission to sinners. |
| Attendant (synagogue) | పరిచారకుడు | Parichārakuḍu | Low | (narrative detail, core passage) | 4:20 | Synagogue functionary, not a slave. |
| Angel | దూత | Dūta | Low | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:11,13,19,26,30,34-38; 2:9-15 | Established term. |
| Synagogue | సమాజమందిరం | Samājamandiram | Medium | (core passage setting) | 4:16,20,28,33,38,44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10 | Keep distinct from సంఘము (church). |
| Sabbath | సబ్బాతు / విశ్రాంతిదినము | Sabbātu / Viśrāntidinamu | Low | (core passage setting) | 4:16,31; 6:1-9; 13:10-16; 14:1-6; 23:56 | Established term. |
| Fulfilled (perfect tense) | నెరవేరియున్నది | Neraveriyunnadi | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 4:21; 24:44 | Preserve the Greek perfect’s “completed-with-continuing-effect” force where Telugu grammar allows. |
| Today | నేడు | Nēḍu | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 2:11; 4:21; 19:5,9; 23:43 | Preserve emphatic, climactic force; a Lukan signature word. |
Section C — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (Section A + B) |
|---|---|
| Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor) | రక్షకుడు, రక్షణ, అన్యజనులు, సమస్త జనములు, పొరుగువాడు, బీదలు/దరిద్రులు, ధనవంతుడు |
| The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | పరిశుద్ధాత్మ, అభిషేకించు, దేవుని సామర్థ్యం/సామర్థ్యం, పైనుండి కలుగు సామర్థ్యం, దర్శించు |
| Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | బీదలు/దరిద్రులు, ధన్యులు, తగ్గించుకొను/హెచ్చించు, శ్రమ, పొరుగువాడు |
| Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | మారుమనస్సు, పాపక్షమాపణ, విడుదల, తప్పిపోయిన, ఆనందం/సంతోషం, ఉగ్రత, మారుమనస్సునకు తగిన ఫలము |
| Prayer and Dependence on God | ప్రార్థన, దేవాలయము (ప్రార్థనా మందిరము), మేలైన భాగము, ఉపవాసం |
| The Kingdom of God Present and Future | దేవుని రాజ్యం, మీ మధ్యనే, పరదైసు, పాతాళలోకం, నిత్యజీవం, మనుష్యకుమారుడు |
| The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | శిష్యుడు, సిలువ, వెంబడించు, తన్నుతాను ఉపేక్షించుకొను, వేదన/మనోవేదన |
| Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | కనికరపడు, పాపి, సుంకరి, కూడి భోజనము చేయు, ప్రేమ, వైద్యుడు |
Section D — Escalation Flags Carried Forward to Phase 2
The following items require explicit human theologian review at every occurrence, beyond the standard Critical/High routing already defined in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json:
- Every occurrence of ἄφεσις (both “release/liberty” and “forgiveness of sins” senses) — the dual-rendering decision materially affects whether Isaiah 61/Luke 4 typology is visible to the Telugu reader.
- Every occurrence of χρίω/అభిషేకించు, ἐπισκέπτομαι/దర్శించు, and παράδεισος/పరదైసు (vs. స్వర్గం) — ritual/cosmology vocabulary collisions with living Andhra Pradesh temple culture.
- Luke 17:21 (మీ మధ్యనే vs. an inward-state alternative) — a genuinely doctrine-affecting translation choice.
- Luke 19:10 and Luke 24:47 — curriculum thesis-statement verses requiring identical, locked rendering across every lesson, per the same consistency principle the baseline applies to Romans 1:16-17 and 10:9-10.
- Every occurrence of υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (“Son of Man”) — must hold humanity and Daniel-7 divine authority together without collapsing into either alone.
This glossary must be loaded alongside translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of Luke begins; Section A entries are non-negotiable exact reuses, and Section B entries are proposed new translation-memory additions pending Phase 1 Step 2 review.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: దేవుడు
Transliteration: Dēvuḍu
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: భగవంతుడు
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Standard, near-universally accepted Telugu Christian term across every denomination. Occurs throughout Luke.
Jesus
Approved rendering: యేసు
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Shared standard across Telugu Protestant and Catholic usage. Occurs throughout Luke.
Christ
Approved rendering: క్రీస్తు
Transliteration: Krīstu
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New formal TM entry for this curriculum. క్రీస్తు is already the established Telugu Christian form (implicit in Romans phrases like ‘క్రీస్తు యేసు’) but did not previously have its own baseline TM entry. Luke uses క్రీస్తు and మెస్సీయ side by side (2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46); both forms must remain available and must never merge into a single word.
Messiah
Approved rendering: మెస్సీయ
Transliteration: Messīya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: అవతారపురుషుడు
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Never అవతారపురుషుడు — Tirupati’s avatar theology remains a live cultural reference point in Telugu-speaking Andhra Pradesh.
Lord
Approved rendering: ప్రభువు
Transliteration: Prabhuvu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: స్వామి
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Luke 2:11 and 20:41-44 both trade on the full weight of this term; the David’s-son-yet-David’s-Lord riddle (20:41-44) must be preserved intact.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని కుమారుడు
Transliteration: Dēvuni Kumāruḍu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: అవతారపురుషుడు
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. In Luke, spoken by the angel (1:32,35), the Father’s voice (3:22), and even by demons (4:41; 8:28) — never read as an honorary or adoptive title in any of these contexts.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధాత్మ
Transliteration: Pariśuddhātma
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: పరమాత్మ, పవిత్రాత్మ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: Holy Spirit
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Never పరమాత్మ (Vedantic monistic Universal Self). The single most doctrinally load-bearing term for this curriculum’s Holy Spirit doctrine; occurs at 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49.
Father
Approved rendering: తండ్రి
Transliteration: Tandri
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: సృష్టికర్త
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. God as personal, relational Father, the address Jesus teaches in the Lord’s Prayer (11:2) and uses at Gethsemane (22:42) and the cross (23:34,46).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: పునరుత్థానం
Transliteration: Punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: పునర్జన్మ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Never పునర్జన్మ. Occurs at 9:22; 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:1-49; the physical-demonstration passages (24:39-43) must not be softened into a vision or spiritual-only appearance.
Salvation
Approved rendering: రక్షణ
Transliteration: Rakshana
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: మోక్షం, ముక్తి
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Never మోక్షం/ముక్తి. Announced in the Benedictus and Nunc Dimittis (1:69,71,77; 2:30) and enacted at Zacchaeus’s house (19:9-10).
Justification
Approved rendering: నీతిమంతులుగా తీర్చడం
Transliteration: Nītimantulugā tīrchaḍam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: క్షమాపణ పొందడం
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Illustrated narratively in the tax collector’s parable (18:14); must not collapse into simple ‘forgiven’ (క్షమించబడెను).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: శరీరధారణ
Transliteration: śarīradhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: అవతారం
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Never అవతారం. The virgin conception narrative and Jesus’ ordinary, verifiable human upbringing (1:26-38; 2:1-20,52) together ground this as a one-time, permanent assumption of human nature, not a repeatable divine descent.
Savior
Approved rendering: రక్షకుడు
Transliteration: Rakshakuḍu
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: మోక్షప్రదాత
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Built transparently on the already-locked రక్షణ root. Applied to God in the Magnificat (1:47) and to Jesus by the angels at his birth (2:11). Must never suggest release from the karmic rebirth cycle, paralleling the baseline’s రక్షణ/మోక్షం prohibition. Direct textual anchor for this curriculum’s core doctrine.
Anoint
Approved rendering: అభిషేకించు
Transliteration: Abhishekin̄chu
Doctrine: Anointing and Messianic Commissioning
Original: χρίω
Category: Holy Spirit
CRITICAL FENCING TERM: no viable substitute exists in established Telugu Bible tradition, yet అభిషేకం is simultaneously the standard term for daily Hindu temple ritual anointing of a deity’s image at Tirupati’s Venkateswara temple, one of the world’s most-visited pilgrimage sites. Every occurrence (3:22 implicit; 4:18) must be tightly anchored to Jesus and the Spirit’s commissioning, never left as a free-floating ritual word. Mandatory theologian flag at every occurrence.
Hades
Approved rendering: పాతాళలోకం
Transliteration: Pātāḷalōkam
Doctrine: The Afterlife: Hades and Paradise
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
The sole occurrence in Luke’s Gospel (16:23). పాతాళలోకం is itself a major term within Telugu Puranic cosmology (the netherworld realm of serpent-deities), entirely distinct in content from the biblical referent. MANDATORY: pair with the transliteration హేడేసు or an explanatory footnote at first occurrence; flag for theologian review at this occurrence.
Cross Discipleship
Approved rendering: సిలువ
Transliteration: Siluva
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
The definitive symbol of discipleship’s cost, ‘take up his cross daily’ (9:23; 14:27) and Jesus’ own execution (23:26). The established, settled Telugu Christian term for the cross of Christ, central to atonement and discipleship theology alike; must never be reduced to a generic instrument of execution or a decorative symbol.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: మనుష్యకుమారుడు
Transliteration: Manushya kumāruḍu
Doctrine: The Son of Man Title
Rejected alternatives: ఒక మనుష్యుడు (“a mere human being”)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Jesus’ characteristic self-designation drawing on Daniel 7:13-14’s exalted, authoritative heavenly figure while emphasizing genuine humanity (5:24; 6:5,22; 9:22,26,44,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7). Must never be flattened to mean merely ‘a human being,’ losing the Daniel-7 authority-and-glory overtone. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Abba
Approved rendering: అబ్బా
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Retained alongside తండ్రి; though Luke’s own Gethsemane text (22:42) uses తండ్రి directly, the Abba pattern must remain available for cross-referencing Romans 8 in integrated teaching.
Grace
Approved rendering: కృప
Transliteration: Kṛpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: పుణ్యం, కర్మఫలం
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Resting on Mary (1:28,30) and marking Jesus’ growth (2:40,52) and speech (4:22); Mary’s grace-context requires the companion new term favored_one below.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: నీతి
Transliteration: Nīti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ధర్మం
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Named in Zechariah’s prophecy over John (1:75).
Holy
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధ
Transliteration: Pariśuddha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: పవిత్ర, శుద్ధ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Never పవిత్ర (locked to పరిశుద్ధ for cross-denominational consistency). Applied to the Spirit, God’s covenant, and the child Jesus (1:35,49,70,72; 2:23).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని రాజ్యం
Transliteration: Dēvuni Rājyam
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited term from Romans package, but risk UPGRADED from Medium to High specifically for this Luke curriculum: this is the single most frequent theological phrase in Luke’s Gospel (4:43; 6:20; 8:1,10; 9:2,27,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 13:18-29; 14:15; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18; 23:42), and the doctrine’s central present/future tension raises internal-consistency stakes beyond the Romans baseline’s parallel Kingdom Mission entry.
Sin
Approved rendering: పాపం
Transliteration: Pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Sin
Rejected alternatives: అధర్మం
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Root of the new term పాపి (sinner) throughout Luke.
Glory
Approved rendering: మహిమ
Transliteration: Mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: తేజస్సు
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Filling the Bethlehem sky (2:9,14,32) and Jesus’ transfigured appearance and resurrection destiny (9:26,31,32; 24:26).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని సామర్థ్యం
Transliteration: Dēvuni Sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: శక్తి
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ / δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; SCOPE EXTENDED in this curriculum to every divine, Spirit-given, or eschatological occurrence of δύναμις in Luke, not only the single Romans 1:16 phrase (1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 24:49). Never శక్తి — Andhra Pradesh’s Shakta tradition (Kanaka Durgamma at Vijayawada).
Covenant
Approved rendering: నిబంధన
Transliteration: Nibandhana
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ఒప్పందం
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Remembered in the Benedictus (1:72); root of the new term క్రొత్త నిబంధన (new covenant).
Election
Approved rendering: దేవుని ఏర్పాటు
Transliteration: Dēvuni Ērpāṭu
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: విధి, కర్మ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. The persistent widow’s elect (18:7) and root of the new term దేవుని ఏర్పరచబడినవాడు (the Chosen One, 23:35).
Church
Approved rendering: సంఘము
Transliteration: sanghamu
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: దేవాలయం, సభ
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. IMPORTANT: ἐκκλησία does not occur in Luke’s Gospel text itself (that vocabulary belongs to Acts); this entry is retained only for cross-reference clarity, so that సంఘము is never confused with the two institutions Luke’s text DOES use — సమాజమందిరం (synagogue) and దేవాలయము (temple).
Favored One
Approved rendering: కృపపొందినదానా
Transliteration: Kṛpa pondinadānā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: కృప నిండినదానా (“full of grace” as a possessed quality)
Original: κεχαριτωμένη
Category: Salvation
Mary as recipient of God’s grace (1:28) — a perfect passive participle describing something done to her, not a quality she possesses or dispenses. A live Protestant/Catholic Marian-doctrine fault line in Telugu; this curriculum locks the passive-recipient sense, consistent with κృప as favor given, never earned or possessed. Flag for theologian review.
Save Heal
Approved rendering: రక్షించు / స్వస్థపరచు
Transliteration: Rakshin̄chu / Svasthaparachu
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Single Greek verb σῴζω spans both physical healing and spiritual salvation (7:50; 8:36,48,50; 17:19; 18:26,42). Telugu requires two distinct words; ambiguous occurrences (8:48; 17:19) must be flagged for native-speaker review since collapsing entirely into either word loses half of Luke’s intended double meaning.
Kingdom Within
Approved rendering: మీ మధ్యనే
Transliteration: Mī madhyanē
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: మీలో (individual inward-state reading)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
Luke 17:20-21. Corporate, Jesus’-presence sense (‘in your very midst’) preferred over an individual inward-spiritual-state reading; the two competing renderings genuinely change the doctrinal claim. Mandatory theologian review at this occurrence.
All Nations
Approved rendering: సమస్త జనములు
Transliteration: Samasta janamulu
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Salvation
Built on the already-locked అన్యజనులు family. The Great Commission’s audience (24:47). Retain full, unqualified universality per the baseline’s rule on universality claims; this is a curriculum thesis-statement phrase requiring identical rendering wherever cited.
Power From On High
Approved rendering: పైనుండి కలుగు సామర్థ్యం
Transliteration: Painuṇḍi kalugu sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: శక్తి
Original: δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους
Category: Holy Spirit
The promised empowerment of the Spirit before the disciples’ mission begins (24:49), anticipating Pentecost. Extends the never-శక్తి rule; final Gospel occurrence of the δύναμις term this Language Package locks to సామర్థ్యం.
Fulfilled Perfect
Approved rendering: నెరవేరియున్నది
Transliteration: Neraveriyunnadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: నెరవేరెను (simple past)
Original: πεπλήρωται (πληρόω)
Category: Prophecy
The Greek perfect-tense declaration πεπλήρωται (4:21; cf. 24:44) signals completed action with continuing present effect. A simple past tense would lose the ‘and remains in effect’ force. Preserve the perfect/continuing-present construction wherever Telugu grammar allows; core-passage term, mandatory theologian review.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: క్రొత్త నిబంధన
Transliteration: Kotta nibandhana
Doctrine: The New Covenant in Christ’s Blood
Original: ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Built on the already-locked నిబంధన. Jesus’ words over the cup at the Last Supper (22:20). క్రొత్త must not suggest abolition or contradiction of God’s earlier covenant faithfulness (cf. 1:72-73), only its promised fulfillment and renewal.
Chosen One
Approved rendering: దేవుని ఏర్పరచబడినవాడు
Transliteration: Dēvuni ērparachabaḍinavāḍu
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Original: ὁ ἐκλεκτός
Category: Christology
Built on the already-locked ఏర్పాటు root. The mocking title used of Jesus at the cross (23:35), ironically true. The irony — mockers speak truth unknowingly — must be preserved, not smoothed over.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: దావీదు కుమారుడు
Transliteration: Dāvīdu kumāruḍu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
Built on the already-locked దావీదు. A royal-messianic title used by the blind beggar (18:38-39) and probed in Jesus’ Psalm 110 riddle (20:41-44). Must retain full messianic-royal force, not read merely as a genealogical note.
Davidic Covenant Promise
Approved rendering: దావీదు నిబంధన వాగ్దానం
Transliteration: Dāvīdu nibandhana vāgdānam
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη πρὸς Δαυίδ (implicit)
Category: Covenant
The oath sworn to Abraham and the throne of David (1:32,69-73), grounding Jesus’ identity in verifiable OT covenant history. Requires OT background explanation; no structural equivalent exists in regional devotional tradition.
Anointing Release Isaiah61
Approved rendering: విడుదల / క్షమాపణ
Transliteration: viḍudala / kshamāpaṇa
Doctrine: Release and Liberty (Jubilee Typology)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
Luke 4:18-19 — the single Greek noun ἄφεσις spans literal release/liberty (Jubilee, Leviticus 25) AND, elsewhere in Luke, the forgiveness of sins (1:77; 3:3; 24:47). Telugu naturally splits these into two words, making the intended Isaiah 61 wordplay invisible unless a translator’s/teacher’s note explicitly draws the connection. THE SINGLE HIGHEST-PRIORITY TRANSLATION DECISION IN THE CORE PASSAGE. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Release Liberty
Approved rendering: విడుదల
Transliteration: Viḍudala
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἄφεσις (captivity sense)
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
The literal-release/Jubilee sense of ἄφεσις at Luke 4:18. See anointing_release_isaiah61 entry; distinct Telugu word from the forgiveness sense, both required by context.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: పాపక్షమాపణ / క్షమాపణ
Transliteration: Pāpa-kshamāpaṇa / Kshamāpaṇa
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις / ἀφίημι (sins sense)
Category: Repentance and Forgiveness
The forgiveness of sins, pronounced by Jesus directly (5:20-24; 7:47-48) on the authority of his own word, and the culmination of the Great Commission (24:47). Must preserve the force of Jesus personally exercising a divine prerogative. Distinct doctrine from justification (నీతిమంతులుగా తీర్చడం); the two must never be conflated.
Repentance
Approved rendering: మారుమనస్సు / మారుమనస్సు పొందు
Transliteration: Mārumanassu / Mārumanassu pondu
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: పశ్చాత్తాపం
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance and Forgiveness
A decisive, volitional turning from sin toward God, not mere emotional regret. John’s preaching (3:3,8), Jesus’ summons to sinners (5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4), and the Great Commission (24:47). Hold consistently through every occurrence; never drift toward పశ్చాత్తాపం’s over-emphasis on remorse alone.
Poor
Approved rendering: బీదలు / దరిద్రులు
Transliteration: Bīdalu / Daridrulu
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
The economically and socially destitute — direct textual object of Jesus’ anointed good-news mission (4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20-22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3). The primary risk is spiritualizing away the literal economic referent. దరిద్రులు (stronger destitution sense) REQUIRED at 4:18 and 6:20 to preserve intensity; బీదలు acceptable in less emphatic contexts.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: పొరుగువాడు
Transliteration: Poruguvāḍu
Doctrine: Neighbor Love and Ethical Teaching
Original: πλησίον
Category: Ethics
The Good Samaritan parable’s deliberately widened category, crossing the Jew-Samaritan boundary line (10:25-37). The Telugu word itself is neutral and could be read with an unreflective in-group assumption; teaching must make explicit Jesus’ deliberate overturning of a narrower definition.
Love Selfgiving
Approved rendering: ప్రేమ
Transliteration: Prēma
Doctrine: Neighbor Love and Ethical Teaching
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Ethics
Self-giving, willed love for enemies (6:27,32,35) and neighbor (10:27). Telugu ప్రేమ’s default register skews romantic/affective in contemporary usage; must be anchored by context to the unconditional, self-giving sense.
Compassion
Approved rendering: కనికరపడు
Transliteration: Kanikarapaḍu
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion and Fellowship
Jesus’ visceral, whole-being compassion — the widow of Nain (7:13), the Good Samaritan (10:33), the father of the prodigal (15:20). Given this curriculum’s explicit doctrinal emphasis, must resist flattening into a generic ‘felt sorry for’; use the strongest available Telugu compassion vocabulary consistently across all three occurrences.
Table Fellowship
Approved rendering: కూడి భోజనము చేయు
Transliteration: Kūḍi bhōjanamu cheyu
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: συνανάκειμαι / ἐσθίω μετά
Category: Compassion and Fellowship
Jesus’ deliberate practice of eating with tax collectors and sinners (5:29-30; 7:36-39; 15:1-2; 19:5-7). Resonates with caste-crossing table-fellowship themes central to Telugu Dalit Christian history; must retain the socially scandalous, boundary-crossing force, not be muted.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: నిత్యజీవం
Transliteration: Nitya jeevam
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Kingdom
The rich ruler’s opening question (10:25; 18:18,30). నిత్య appears widely in Hindu philosophical vocabulary describing cyclical, impersonal eternality; the established Christian compound must be retained, but teaching must clarify this is personal, relational life with God forever, not impersonal cyclical existence — paralleling the care required around రక్షణ vs. మోక్షం.
Paradise
Approved rendering: పరదైసు
Transliteration: Paradaisu
Doctrine: The Afterlife: Hades and Paradise
Rejected alternatives: స్వర్గం (at 23:43 specifically)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
Jesus’ promise to the repentant thief of immediate, personal presence with him after death (23:43). Transliteration పరదైసు REQUIRED over స్వర్గం, which carries strong pre-existing Telugu Hindu associations with a temporary heavenly realm of reward within the rebirth cycle (svarga-loka), incompatible with the permanence and Christ’s-personal-presence sense intended here.
Redemption
Approved rendering: విమోచన
Transliteration: Vimōchana
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Kingdom
God’s act of ‘redeeming’ (buying back) his people — Zechariah’s prophecy (1:68), Anna’s testimony (2:38), final eschatological deliverance (21:28). Must be anchored to a personal Redeemer paying a real price, not drift toward a generic ‘liberation’ echoing మోక్షం-style release-from-cycle concepts.
Visit Divine
Approved rendering: దర్శించు
Transliteration: Darśin̄chu
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: ἐπισκέπτομαι
Category: Holy Spirit
God’s personal, saving ‘visitation’ of his people (1:68,78; 7:16; 19:44). దర్శనం (darshan) is one of the most culturally loaded words in Telugu religious life — a worshipper’s pilgrimage to glimpse a deity. Biblical usage REVERSES the direction of agency (God comes to help, not worshippers seeking a glimpse of God); this reversal must be made explicit in teaching contexts every time.
Devil
Approved rendering: అపవాది / సాతాను
Transliteration: Apavādi / Sātānu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: Demons and the Devil
Original: διάβολος / Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The personal tempter confronting Jesus in the wilderness (4:2-13) and active at 8:12; 10:18; 11:18; 13:16; 22:3,31. Must be kept as a real personal spiritual being, distinguished from generic ‘evil’ or misfortune-language used loosely in popular Telugu speech.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: దూషణ
Transliteration: Dūshaṇa
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία (εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα)
Category: Holy Spirit
The unforgivable sin of willfully attributing the Spirit’s work to Satan (12:10). Must be clearly distinguished from ordinary doubt or momentary unbelief; pastoral misapplication risks causing false despair if this distinction is blurred.
Disciple
Approved rendering: శిష్యుడు
Transliteration: Śishyuḍu
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
Committed followers of Jesus, both the Twelve and a wider circle (5:30; 6:13,17,20,40; 9:14,54; 10:23; 11:1; 12:1,22; 14:26-27,33; 16:1; 17:1,22; 18:15; 19:37,39; 20:45; 22:11,39,45). The surrounding guru-shishya cultural framework (self-attained enlightenment through submission to a human teacher) is NOT the intended relational model — this is committed following of a sent Savior/Lord.
King
Approved rendering: రాజు
Transliteration: Rāju
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Christology
The royal-messianic title acclaimed at the triumphal entry (19:38) and used mockingly (and truly) at the trial and cross (23:2,3,37,38). Must be understood as the promised Davidic-messianic king, not a generic honorific.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: విశ్వాసం
Transliteration: Viswāsam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: భక్తి
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Personal trust in Jesus as the instrument, not meritorious cause, of healing/salvation throughout Luke’s recurring healing-faith formula (5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:5-6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32).
Apostle
Approved rendering: అపొస్తలుడు
Transliteration: Apostaluḍu
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: గురువు
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. The Twelve named at 6:13; recurs at 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10.
Peace
Approved rendering: శాంతి
Transliteration: Śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: మనశ్శాంతి
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Announced by angels (2:14) and pronounced by Jesus at 7:50; 8:48; 19:38,42; 24:36.
Gospel
Approved rendering: సువార్త / సువార్త ప్రకటించు
Transliteration: suvārta / suvārta prakaṭin̄chu
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: వార్త
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (noun); verb form సువార్త ప్రకటించు built transparently on it for εὐαγγελίζομαι occurrences (4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1). Maintain the noun/verb consistency throughout Luke.
Law
Approved rendering: ధర్మశాస్త్రము
Transliteration: Dharmaśāstramu
Doctrine: Law and Torah Observance
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Observed in Jesus’ circumcision and presentation (2:22-24,27,39) and debated at 10:26; 16:16-17. Do not ‘correct’ to a niyama-based compound.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: అన్యజనులు
Transliteration: Anyajanulu
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: విదేశీయులు
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Included in Simeon’s light-to-the-nations prophecy (2:32); root of the new term సమస్త జనములు (all nations).
David
Approved rendering: దావీదు
Transliteration: Dāvīdu
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Root of new terms దావీదు కుమారుడు (son of David) and దావీదు నిబంధన వాగ్దానం (Davidic covenant promise).
Israel
Approved rendering: ఇశ్రాయేలు
Transliteration: Iśrāyēlu
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Addressed throughout the infancy narratives (1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34) and at 4:25,27; 22:30; 24:21.
Sinner
Approved rendering: పాపి
Transliteration: Pāpi
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Built transparently on the already-locked పాపం root. Social-religious outsiders whom Jesus deliberately seeks out (5:8,30,32; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7). Must remain a genuine moral category, not merely a social label.
Mighty Work
Approved rendering: అద్భుతకార్యము
Transliteration: Adbhutakāryamu
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: δύναμις (concrete sense)
Category: Kingdom
The concrete-deed sense of δύναμις (10:13; 19:37), distinct from the abstract capacity sense rendered దేవుని సామర్థ్యం/సామర్థ్యం. Telugu requires different words for capacity vs. concrete deed.
Scripture
Approved rendering: లేఖనము
Transliteration: Lēkhanamu
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: γραφή
Category: Prophecy
God’s own authoritative written word, read at Nazareth (4:21) and opened on the Emmaus road (24:27,32,45). Must be distinguished from treasured regional devotional literature lacking God-breathed authority.
Opened Understanding
Approved rendering: తెరచు / గ్రహింపజేయు
Transliteration: terachu / grahin̄chapajēyu
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: διανοίγω
Category: Prophecy
Jesus opening the disciples’ minds and the Scriptures (24:27,32,45). Keep the sense of divinely-granted understanding, not mere human cleverness.
Fruit Of Repentance
Approved rendering: మారుమనస్సునకు తగిన ఫలము
Transliteration: Mārumanassunaku tagina phalamu
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: καρπὸς ἄξιος τῆς μετανοίας
Category: Repentance and Forgiveness
Repentance evidenced by changed conduct, not merely claimed status (3:8). Must not imply the fruit earns forgiveness — evidence of, not payment for, repentance, preserving the grace/works distinction.
Baptism
Approved rendering: బాప్తిస్మం
Transliteration: Bāptismam
Doctrine: Baptism of Repentance
Rejected alternatives: నీటిలో ముంచడం (descriptive paraphrase)
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Repentance and Forgiveness
Ritual immersion signifying repentance, distinguished from Jesus’ future Spirit-and-fire baptism (3:1-22; 7:29-30; 12:50). Keep the established transliterated form rather than a descriptive paraphrase, which would lose its sacramental/technical weight.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ఉగ్రత
Transliteration: Ugrata
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Sin
Original: ὀργή
Category: Sin
God’s coming judgment on unrepentant sin (3:7; cf. 21:23). Must convey God’s righteous judicial anger, not petty or capricious anger.
Rich
Approved rendering: ధనవంతుడు
Transliteration: Dhanavantuḍu
Doctrine: Rich and Poor in God’s Kingdom
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
The rich young ruler (18:18-25), Zacchaeus (19:2), and the recurring rich/poor contrast. Wealth itself is not condemned as evil; its idolatrous grip is exposed (18:24-27). Avoid flattening into a simple wealth-is-sin equation.
Blessed Beatitudes
Approved rendering: ధన్యులు
Transliteration: Dhanyulu
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: μακάριος
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
God’s present-tense declaration of favor on the poor, hungry, weeping, and persecuted (6:20-22; also 1:45,48; 7:23; 10:23; 11:27-28; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29). Must retain the paradoxical, present-tense declaration, not a future wish.
Woe
Approved rendering: శ్రమ
Transliteration: Śrama
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: οὐαί
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
The corresponding pronouncement against the rich, full, laughing, and well-spoken-of (6:24-26; also 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22). Must retain prophetic, warning force, not read as a mild ‘too bad.‘
Humble Exalt
Approved rendering: తగ్గించుకొను / హెచ్చించు
Transliteration: Taggin̄chukonu / Hem̐chin̄chu
Doctrine: Reversal of Status: Humility and Exaltation
Original: ταπεινόω / ὑψόω
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
God’s reversal of social status — the Magnificat (1:52), the banquet parable (14:11), the tax collector’s justification (18:14). Keep the paired reversal structure intact across all occurrences for internal consistency.
Low Estate
Approved rendering: దీనస్థితి
Transliteration: Dīnasthiti
Doctrine: Reversal of Status: Humility and Exaltation
Original: ταπείνωσις
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
Mary’s social lowliness which God has noticed and reversed (1:48). Keep the social-status sense, not only an emotional ‘humility.‘
Mercy Covenant
Approved rendering: కనికరము
Transliteration: Kanikaramu
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
God’s covenant mercy toward Israel across generations (1:50,54,58,72,78) and the ethical command to be merciful (6:36). Preferred over కృప where ἔλεος clearly echoes OT covenant ḥesed, to preserve a distinct nuance.
Goodwill Favor
Approved rendering: దయ
Transliteration: Daya
Doctrine: Grace
Original: εὐδοκία
Category: God
God’s sovereign favor resting on his people at the angels’ announcement (2:14). Keep as God’s sovereign disposition, not a human quality; avoid a reading of mutual human goodwill toward one another.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: సుంకరి
Transliteration: Sunkari
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion and Fellowship
Social outcasts due to Roman tax-farming collaboration; Levi/Zacchaeus as paradigm cases of grace crossing social boundaries (3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2). Requires a brief cultural-historical note on Roman tax-farming.
Lost
Approved rendering: తప్పిపోయిన
Transliteration: Tappipōyina
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀπολωλός (ἀπόλλυμι)
Category: Repentance and Forgiveness
The unifying word across the lost-sheep, lost-coin, and prodigal-son parables (15:4,6,9,24,32) and Jesus’ mission summary (19:10). Must retain the sense of being genuinely at risk/perishing, not merely ‘misplaced.‘
Joy
Approved rendering: సంతోషం / ఆనందం
Transliteration: Santōsham / Ānandam
Doctrine: Joy and Celebration in Salvation
Original: χαρά
Category: Repentance and Forgiveness
Heaven’s own rejoicing over one sinner’s repentance (15:7,10) and the father’s celebratory joy (15:22-24,32), also marking 1:14,44,47; 2:10; 24:52. ఆనందం preferred for the more elevated, spiritual-joy register; సంతోషం reserved for everyday gladness.
Demon
Approved rendering: దయ్యం
Transliteration: Dayyam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: Demons and the Devil
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Personal, malevolent spiritual beings Jesus exorcises with a word (4:33-35,41; 8:2,27-33,35-38; 9:1,42,49; 10:17; 11:14-20; 13:32). Keep distinct from folk-superstition ‘ghost’ usage; biblical demons are personal beings defeated by Christ’s authority, not appeased by ritual.
Authority
Approved rendering: అధికారం
Transliteration: Adhikāram
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: Demons and the Devil
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Kingdom
Jesus’ inherent, self-evident teaching and exorcism authority (4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 19:17; 20:2,8,20). Keep distinct from సామర్థ్యం (δύναμις, capacity/ability) — ἐξουσία is the right to act, δύναμις the capacity to act.
Follow Disciple
Approved rendering: వెంబడించు
Transliteration: Vembadin̄chu
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
To follow Jesus as a committed disciple (5:11,27-28; 9:23,49,57-61; 18:22,28,43). Standard term; keep distinct from the noun శిష్యుడు while preserving the same relational concept.
Deny Self
Approved rendering: తన్నుతాను ఉపేక్షించుకొను
Transliteration: Tannutānu upēkshin̄chukonu
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν
Category: Discipleship
Radical self-denial as the precondition of discipleship (9:23). Must be distinguished from Hindu/Jain ascetic self-mortification traditions — this is reoriented loyalty to Christ, not merit-earning renunciation.
Tempt Test
Approved rendering: శోధించు
Transliteration: Śōdhin̄chu
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: πειράζω
Category: Discipleship
Genuine temptation to sin, contrasted with legitimate testing (4:2,12-13; 11:16; 20:23). Context-sensitive between ‘tempt to sin’ and ‘test/prove.‘
Transfigured
Approved rendering: రూపాంతరం చెందు
Transliteration: Rūpāntaram chendu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
Jesus’ dazzling appearance revealing his hidden divine glory (9:29), a preview of resurrection glory. Must not be confused with అవతారం-style temporary, repeatable divine descent — this is the eternal Son’s own true glory momentarily made visible, not a new incarnation event.
Agony
Approved rendering: వేదన / మనోవేదన
Transliteration: Vēdana / Manōvēdana
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀγωνία
Category: Christology
Jesus’ intense inner struggle in Gethsemane (22:44). Must preserve genuine human struggle without implying doubt of the Father’s will, since Jesus’ prayer immediately affirms submission.
Prayer
Approved rendering: ప్రార్థన
Transliteration: Prārthana
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
Direct, dependent address to God as Father, modeled throughout Luke (1:13; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:39-46). Settled Telugu Christian term; must be distinguished from devotional puja practice, and its intimacy should not be lost to over-formal phrasing.
Judge Condemn
Approved rendering: తీర్పు తీర్చు
Transliteration: Tīrpu tīrchu
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: κρίνω
Category: Ethics
‘Judge not, and you will not be judged’ (6:37; also 7:43; 19:22). Context-sensitive between forbidden ‘condemn’ and legitimate ‘discern/decide.‘
Mammon
Approved rendering: మామోను
Transliteration: Māmōnu
Doctrine: Wealth and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: డబ్బు (neutral “money”)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
Personified wealth as a rival master to God (16:9,11,13). Keep the personified, rival-master force; a paraphrase to neutral డబ్బు would lose the spiritual-allegiance warning.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని వాక్యము
Transliteration: Dēvuni vākyamu
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
The seed in the Sower parable (8:11) and elsewhere (5:1; 8:21; 11:28). Keep register distinct from casual ‘word/message’ (మాట).
Master Teacher
Approved rendering: బోధకుడా
Transliteration: Bōdhakuḍā
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: గురువా
Original: ἐπιστάτης
Category: Discipleship
ἐπιστάτης, a respectful term of address unique to Luke (5:5; 8:24,45; 9:33,49; 17:13), likely chosen instead of ‘Rabbi’ for a Gentile-inclusive readership. Avoid గురువా, which implies self-attained guru-teaching authority rather than recognition of Jesus’ unique, sent authority.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: సమాజమందిరం
Transliteration: Samājamandiram
Doctrine: Sabbath and Synagogue Practice
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church
The Jewish assembly/teaching institution, the setting for Jesus’ Nazareth announcement (4:16,20,28,33,38,44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10). Must not be conflated with సంఘము (church) — distinct institutions, distinct already-correct Telugu Bible words.
Temple
Approved rendering: దేవాలయము
Transliteration: Dēvālayamu
Doctrine: Temple Worship
Original: ἱερόν
Category: Church
The Jerusalem temple building/precinct (2:27,37,46; 19:45-47; 20:1; 21:5-38; 22:53; 24:53). EXCEPTION NOTE: this is the one context in the entire curriculum where దేవాలయము is the correct word (a literal temple building), unlike its explicit prohibition as a rendering for ఎక్క్లేసియా/church in the Romans baseline. Must remain visibly distinct from సంఘము.
House Of Prayer
Approved rendering: ప్రార్థనా మందిరము
Transliteration: Prārthanā mandiramu
Doctrine: Temple Worship
Original: οἶκος προσευχῆς
Category: Prayer
Jesus’ temple-cleansing indictment quoting Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11 (19:46) — the temple’s true purpose corrupted into commercial exploitation. Keep దేవాలయము distinct from సంఘము per the temple entry above.
Ascension
Approved rendering: పైకి ఎత్తబడెను / ఆరోహణమాయెను
Transliteration: Paiki ettabaḍenu / Ārōhaṇamāyenu
Doctrine: Ascension of Christ
Original: ἀνελήμφθη (ἀναλαμβάνω)
Category: Eschatology
Jesus’ bodily departure into heaven (24:51), distinct from death or resurrection, preparing for Pentecost. Must be kept distinct from resurrection (పునరుత్థానం) as a separate, subsequent event.
Today
Approved rendering: నేడు
Transliteration: Nēḍu
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: Σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
One of Luke’s signature words (2:11; 4:21; 19:5,9; 23:43) — salvation breaking into concrete, present time. Must retain the emphatic, climactic force; not flattened into a vague ‘now’ or ‘in these days.‘
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: కృతజ్ఞతాస్తుతి
Transliteration: Kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. The healed Samaritan leper (17:16) and the Last Supper (22:17,19).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ప్రవక్త
Transliteration: Pravakta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: జ్యోతిష్కుడు
Original: προφήτης
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Isaiah quoted at 4:17; John affirmed as prophet (1:76; 7:26,28); Jesus recognized as prophet by crowds (7:16,39; 9:8,19; 24:19).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ప్రవచనం
Transliteration: Pravachanam
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: భవిష్యఫలం
Original: προφητεία
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. Fulfilled in the Isaiah citation at 4:17-21 and throughout 24:25-27,44-46.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ప్రోత్సహించడం
Transliteration: Prōtsahin̄chaḍam
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. John’s preaching (3:18) and the parables of the prodigal (15:28) and rich man (16:25).
Mission
Approved rendering: మిషన్ / సువార్తా ప్రచారం
Transliteration: miṣan / suvārtā prachāram
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly, no change. The Twelve (9:1-6), the Seventy-two (10:1-16), and all nations (24:47-49).
Physician
Approved rendering: వైద్యుడు
Transliteration: Vaidyuḍu
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἰατρός
Category: Compassion and Fellowship
Jesus’ self-description reframing his mission to sinners as compassionate healing (4:23; 5:31).
Horn Of Salvation
Approved rendering: రక్షణ కొమ్ము
Transliteration: Rakshaṇa kommu
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: κέρας σωτηρίας
Category: Salvation
Ancient Near Eastern idiom for might/strength applied to the Messiah (1:69). Literal rendering with a required teaching footnote explaining the Hebrew strength-idiom, since the image is not native to Telugu; Low doctrinal risk, Medium comprehension risk.
Dawn From On High
Approved rendering: ఉదయకాంతి
Transliteration: Udayakānti
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: ἀνατολή ἐξ ὕψους
Category: Salvation
Messianic dawn imagery (1:78), echoing Isaiah’s light-to-the-nations theme picked up again at 2:32.
Angel
Approved rendering: దూత
Transliteration: Dūta
Doctrine: Angels and Divine Messengers
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Church
God’s personal, authoritative messenger delivering the birth announcements (1:11-38; 2:9-15; 24:23).
Servant Handmaid
Approved rendering: దాసురాలు / దాసుడు
Transliteration: Dāsurālu / Dāsuḍu
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: δούλη / δοῦλος
Category: Church
Mary’s self-designation of total submission to God’s purposes (1:38). Voluntary, faithful servanthood, not compulsion.
Wilderness
Approved rendering: అరణ్యం
Transliteration: Araṇyam
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἔρημος
Category: Discipleship
The place of testing and prayer retreat (1:80; 3:2,4; 4:1-2,42; 5:16; 7:24; 8:29; 9:12; 15:4). Echoes Israel’s wilderness narrative.
Fasting
Approved rendering: ఉపవాసం
Transliteration: Upavāsam
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: νηστεία / νηστεύω
Category: Prayer
Religious abstinence from food, redefined around Jesus’ own presence (2:37; 5:33-35; 18:12). Shared broadly across regional religious traditions, but unambiguous in Lukan context.
Good Portion
Approved rendering: మేలైన భాగము
Transliteration: Mēlaina bhāgamu
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μερὶς ἀγαθή
Category: Prayer
Mary’s choice to sit and listen to Jesus (10:42), commended over Martha’s anxious service — priority of attentive discipleship over activity.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: వేషధారి
Transliteration: Vēshadhāri
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Ethics
Outward religious display without inward reality (6:42; 11:37-44; 12:1,56; 13:15). Well-established Telugu term with a vivid, transparent etymology matching the Greek.
Narrow Door
Approved rendering: ఇరుకు ద్వారము
Transliteration: Iruku dvāramu
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: στενή θύρα
Category: Kingdom
The call to urgent, decisive entry into the kingdom before it is too late (13:24).
Sabbath
Approved rendering: సబ్బాతు / విశ్రాంతిదినము
Transliteration: Sabbātu / Viśrāntidinamu
Doctrine: Sabbath and Synagogue Practice
Original: σάββατον
Category: Church
The weekly holy day, the setting for repeated healing controversy and revelation (4:16,31; 6:1-9; 13:10-16; 14:1-6; 23:56).
Passover
Approved rendering: పస్కా
Transliteration: Paskā
Doctrine: The New Covenant in Christ’s Blood
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
The Last Supper’s setting (22:1,7-15) — Jesus’ death reinterpreted through Israel’s foundational deliverance festival. Established transliteration.
Attendant Synagogue
Approved rendering: పరిచారకుడు
Transliteration: Parichārakuḍu
Doctrine: Sabbath and Synagogue Practice
Original: ὑπηρέτης
Category: Church
The synagogue functionary responsible for the scrolls (4:20). Minor narrative detail from the core passage.
Referenced passages