Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation 1–22 (English → Telugu)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for the Revelation curriculum. It is organized in two parts:
- Part A: Reused Baseline Terms — terms already locked in the Romans Language Package that recur in Revelation. These MUST be used exactly as recorded in the baseline; no re-negotiation is permitted in this curriculum.
- Part B: New Revelation-Specific Terms — terms not present in the baseline, analyzed and assigned Telugu renderings and risk tiers for the first time in this Language Package, organized by risk tier (Critical → High → Medium → Low), matching the structure of
doctrine_risk_registry.json.
All forbidden substitutions listed in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md remain in force for this curriculum without exception.
Part A — Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in Revelation
| English Term | Telugu (locked) | Transliteration | Risk (from baseline) | Key Revelation Passages | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | దేవుడు | Dēvuḍu | Critical | throughout | Reuse exactly; never భగవంతుడు |
| Jesus | యేసు | Yēsu | Critical | 1:1,5,9; 22:16,20-21 | Reuse exactly |
| Lord | ప్రభువు | prabhuvu | Critical | 1:8; 4:8,11; 11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21 | Reuse exactly; never స్వామి |
| Holy Spirit / the Spirit | పరిశుద్ధాత్మ | pariśuddhātma | Critical | 1:4 (“seven spirits” — see glossary Part B); 2:7 etc. (“what the Spirit says to the churches”); 22:17 | Reuse exactly; never పరమాత్మ |
| Father | తండ్రి | Tandri | Critical | 1:6; 2:28; 3:5,21; 14:1 | Reuse exactly |
| Holy | పరిశుద్ధ | pariśuddha | High | 4:8 (Trisagion); 6:10; 11:2; 21:2,10,27 | Reuse exactly; never పవిత్ర |
| Saints | పరిశుద్ధులు | pariśuddhulu | High | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9 | Reuse exactly; corporate, not ascetic-elite |
| Sanctification | పరిశుద్ధపరచడం | pariśuddhaparachaḍam | High | implicit in 22:11’s “let the holy still be holy” | Reuse exactly |
| Church | సంఘము | sanghamu | High | 1:4,11,20; 2:1–3:22 (7x, once per letter); 22:16 | Reuse exactly; never దేవాలయం/సభ |
| Adoption / sons of God | దత్తపుత్రత్వం | dattaputratvam | High | 21:7 (“he will be my son”) | Concept reused; see 08 note on distinguishing from దేవుని కుమారుడు |
| Salvation | రక్షణ | rakshana | Critical | 7:10; 12:10; 19:1 | Reuse exactly; never మోక్షం/ముక్తి |
| Resurrection | పునరుత్థానం | punarutthānam | Critical | 20:5-6 (“first resurrection”) | Reuse exactly; never పునర్జన్మ |
| Son of God | దేవుని కుమారుడు | Dēvuni Kumāruḍu | Critical | 2:18 | Reuse exactly |
| Glory | మహిమ | mahima | High | 1:6; 4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 11:13; 15:8; 18:1; 19:1,7; 21:11,23,24,26 | Reuse exactly |
| Faith / faithful | విశ్వాసం | viswāsam | Medium | 2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12 | Reuse exactly (noun); see Part B for adjective πιστός treatment |
| Grace | కృప | kṛpa | High | 1:4; 22:21 | Reuse exactly |
| Kingdom of God / his kingdom | దేవుని రాజ్యం | Dēvuni Rājyam | Medium | 1:6,9; 5:10; 11:15; 12:10 | Reuse exactly |
| Covenant | నిబంధన | nibandhana | High | 11:19 (ark of the covenant) | Reuse exactly |
| Gentiles (Jew/Gentile contrast sense) | అన్యజనులు | anyajanulu | Medium | (limited direct use; see Part B note on ἔθνη-as-nations distinction) | Reuse only for the specific Jew/Gentile contrast sense; see Part B for the broader “nations” sense |
| Sin | పాపం | pāpam | High | 1:5; 18:4-5 | Reuse exactly |
| Gospel | సువార్త | suvārta | Medium | 14:6 (“eternal gospel”) | Reuse exactly |
| Israel | ఇశ్రాయేలు | Iśrāyēlu | Medium | 7:4; 21:12 | Reuse exactly |
| David | దావీదు | Dāvīdu | Medium | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 | Reuse exactly |
| Apostle | అపొస్తలుడు | apostaluḍu | Medium | 2:2; 18:20; 21:14 | Reuse exactly |
| Prophet | ప్రవక్త | pravakta | Low | 10:7; 11:10,18; 16:6; 18:20,24; 22:6,9 | Reuse exactly |
| Prophecy | ప్రవచనం | pravachanam | Low | 1:3; 19:10; 22:7,10,18-19 | Reuse exactly |
| Power of God | దేవుని సామర్థ్యం | Dēvuni Sāmarthyam | High | conceptually behind 1:16; 5:12; 7:12; 11:17; 12:10; 19:1 (δύναμις) | Reuse exactly; never శక్తి — this curriculum extends the same rule to παντοκράτωρ (see Part B) |
| Intercession | మధ్యవర్తిత్వం | madhyavartitvam | Medium | contrasted with 12:10’s “accuser” | Reuse exactly |
| Providence / Sovereignty | దేవుని పరిపాలన | Dēvuni Paripālana | High | 1:8; 4:11; 11:17; 19:6 (thematic, not a single lexeme) | Reuse exactly; extend to Revelation’s “Sovereignty of God over History” doctrine |
| Called / calling | పిలువబడిన / పిలుపు | piluvabaḍina / pilupu | Medium/High | 17:14 (“called, chosen, and faithful”) | Reuse exactly |
| Election | దేవుని ఏర్పాటు | Dēvuni Ērpāṭu | High | 17:14 (“chosen”) | Reuse exactly |
| Amen | ఆమేన్ | āmēn | Low | 1:6,7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 | Reuse exactly, transliterated |
| Thanksgiving | కృతజ్ఞతాస్తుతి | kṛtajñatāstuti | Low | 4:9; 7:12; 11:17 | Reuse exactly |
| Fellowship | సహవాసం | sahavāsam | Low | thematic in 19:9’s supper imagery | Reuse exactly |
Part B — New Revelation-Specific Terms
Critical Risk (Human theologian review required for every occurrence)
| Term | Telugu | Transliteration | Doctrine | Key Passages | Rejected Alternatives | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb | గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల (దేవుని గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల) | gorrepilla | Worship of the Lamb; Deity of Christ (baseline) | 5:6-14; 6:1-17; 7:9-17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1-10; 17:14; 19:7-9; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3 | — | Christ’s dominant Christological title in Revelation; carries the paradox of sacrificial slaughter and enthroned worship together — must never be flattened to a mere sacrificial-animal image disconnected from full deity claims |
| Almighty | సర్వసమర్థుడు | sarvasamarthuḍu | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22 | సర్వశక్తిమంతుడు | Extends baseline’s శక్తి-avoidance rule (established for దేవుని సామర్థ్యం) to this even-more-frequent divine title, given Andhra Pradesh’s prominent Śākta goddess tradition (Kanaka Durgamma, Vijayawada) |
| Alpha and Omega | ఆల్ఫా, ఓమెగా | Alphā, Ōmegā | Deity of Christ (baseline); Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | — | Shared title of Father and Son; must be verbatim identical across all three occurrences as direct evidence of Christ’s co-equal deity |
| Dragon / ancient serpent | మహాసర్పం / ఆదిమ సర్పము | mahāsarpaṁ / ādima sarpamu | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil; Judgment of the Wicked | 12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2 | నాగు, పాము (used alone/unqualified) | Live regional serpent-veneration tradition (Nagula Chavithi, anthill/పుట్ట shrines) risks dignifying the antagonist; must always be paired with the text’s own explicit unmasking (సాతాను, అపవాది) |
| Devil / Satan | అపవాది / సాతాను | apavādi / Sātānu | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 2:9-10,13,24; 3:9; 12:9-12; 20:2,7,10 | — | Personal, defeated enemy; never an impersonal evil-principle or karmic force |
| Idolaters / idolatry | విగ్రహారాధకుడు | vigrahārādhakuḍu | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints; Worship of the Lamb | 21:8; 22:15 | — | Doctrinally necessary but pastorally sensitive in a majority-Hindu cultural context where many learners’ own extended families practice image worship; requires careful, non-inflammatory but doctrinally unambiguous handling |
| Second death | రెండవ మరణం | reṇḍava maraṇaṁ | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8 | — | Surface form risks being read through the region’s dominant పునర్జన్మ (rebirth) framework; must be taught explicitly as final and non-repeating, parallel to baseline’s పునరుత్థానం/పునర్జన్మ caution |
| Worship (of God/the Lamb vs. the beast/an angel) | ఆరాధించు / నమస్కరించు | ārādhin̄chu / namaskarin̄chu | Worship of the Lamb | 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9-11; 19:4,10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9 | — | Same Telugu verb (ఆరాధించు) is used generically for Hindu temple/deity worship; the entire book turns on the contrast between worship rightly directed (God/Lamb) and wrongly directed (beast/dragon/idol/angel) — object must always be stated unambiguously |
| Word of God (Christological title) | దేవుని వాక్యము | Dēvuni Vākyamu | Deity of Christ (baseline) | 19:13 | — | Personal name/title of Christ (cf. John 1:1), distinct from వాక్యము used generically for Scripture/message elsewhere; risk of conflating a Christological title with a common noun |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | రాజులకు రాజు, ప్రభువులకు ప్రభువు | rājulaku rāju, prabhuvulaku prabhuvu | The Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | 17:14; 19:16 | — | Superlative absolute-supremacy title; reuses baseline ప్రభువు (Critical); must convey exclusive, not comparative, supremacy |
| Marriage supper of the Lamb | గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల వివాహ విందు | gorrepilla vivāha viṁdu | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7-9 | — | Consummation of the bride-of-Christ theme; exclusivity of Christ as sole bridegroom must be preserved against South Indian bhakti bridal-devotion parallels (see Part B, “Bride”) |
| The kingdom…has become the kingdom of our Lord | లోకరాజ్యము మన ప్రభువు రాజ్యమాయెను | lōkarājyamu mana prabhuvu rājyamāyenu | The Return and Reign of Christ | 11:15 | — | Programmatic thesis-statement verse of the whole book; must be locked identically wherever quoted |
| ”New heaven and new earth” thesis statement | ఇదిగో, నేను సమస్తమును క్రొత్తగా చేయుచున్నాను | idigō, nēnu samastamunu krottagā chēyuchunnānu | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21:5 | — | Core-passage landmark verse; must be locked identically across all lesson materials, on the same principle as the baseline’s Romans 1:16-17/8:28/10:9-10 consistency rules |
| ”They overcame him by the blood of the Lamb…” | గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల రక్తము వలనను తమ సాక్ష్యవాక్యము వలనను వారు అతనిని జయించిరి | — | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution; Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12:11 | — | Thesis-level summary verse combining three Critical/High terms (ἀρνίον, νικάω, μαρτυρία); must be locked identically |
High Risk (Human theologian review required)
| Term | Telugu | Transliteration | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Throne | సింహాసనం | sinhāsanaṁ | Sovereignty of God over History | 4:2-11; 5:1-13; 20:11; 21:5; 22:1,3 | Standard royal-seat term; note regional Śākta lion-throne association, manageable given generic (non-proper-name) status |
| Faithful witness / witness (μάρτυς) | నమ్మకమైన సాక్షి / సాక్షి | nammakamaina sākṣi / sākṣi | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:5; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3; 17:6; 20:4 | Avoid అమరవీరుడు (secular/nationalist “martyr-hero,” from Indian freedom-struggle memory); prefer సాక్షి + qualifying phrase “మరణం వరకు” (unto death) where needed |
| Firstborn of the dead | మృతులలో ప్రథమజాతుడు | mṛtulalō prathamajātuḍu | Resurrection of Christ (baseline) | 1:5 | Reuses పునరుత్థానం conceptual family |
| Ruler of the kings of the earth | భూరాజులకు అధిపతి | bhūrājulaku adhipati | The Return and Reign of Christ | 1:5 | Present, active reign, not merely future |
| Seven Spirits | ఏడు ఆత్మలు | ēḍu ātmalu | Sovereignty of God over History (Trinitarian greeting) | 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6 | Symbolic sevenfold description of the one పరిశుద్ధాత్మ, not seven separate spirits |
| The one who overcomes/conquers | జయించువాడు | jayin̄chuvāḍu | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil; Perseverance | 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 12:11; 15:2; 21:7 | Lock exact verb root across every occurrence |
| Key of David | దావీదు తాళపుచెవి | Dāvīdu tāḷapuchevi | Davidic Covenant (baseline) | 3:7 | Reuses దావీదు |
| Tabernacle / to dwell (of God with humanity) | నివాసస్థలం / నివసించును | nivāsasthalaṁ / nivasin̄chunu | The New Heaven and New Earth | 7:15; 12:12; 13:6; 21:3 | Requires OT tabernacle background teaching |
| Souls under the altar | బలిపీఠము క్రింద ఉన్న ప్రాణములు | balipīṭhamu kriṁda unna prāṇamulu | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 6:9-11 | Introduces martyr-vindication theme |
| Wrath (ὀργή/θυμός) | ఉగ్రత | ugrata | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 6:16-17; 11:18; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15 | Must convey righteous, judicial wrath, not appeasable, capricious deity-anger from folk-devotional frameworks |
| Seal of the living God / mark of the beast (contrast pair) | జీవముగల దేవుని ముద్ర / మృగము గుర్తు | — | Perseverance; Judgment of the Wicked | 7:2-8; 13:16-18; 14:9-11 | Deliberate visual/lexical contrast must be preserved |
| Patient endurance (ὑπομονή) | సహనం / ఓర్పు | sahanaṁ / ōrpu | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 | Active, hope-filled steadfastness, not fatalistic resignation (avoid విధి-adjacent phrasing) |
| Beast | మృగం | mṛgaṁ | Judgment of the Wicked; Perseverance under Persecution | 11:7; 13:1-18; 14:9-11; 16:2,10,13; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10 | Teach as symbolic power/empire via Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation, not lexical substitution |
| False prophet | అబద్ధ ప్రవక్త | abaddha pravakta | Judgment of the Wicked | 16:13; 19:20; 20:10 | Direct counterfeit of baseline ప్రవక్త |
| Sorcerer / sorcery | మాంత్రికుడు / క్షుద్రవిద్య | māntrikuḍu / kṣudravidya | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 9:21; 18:23; 21:8; 22:15 | Live regional folk-magic/exorcism practice; needs joint theologian + native-speaker review |
| Lake of fire / sulfur | అగ్నిగుండం / గంధకము | agnigunḍaṁ / gandhakamu | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8 | Must be distinguished from cyclical/purgatorial నరకం concepts in popular religious imagination |
| Great white throne | గొప్ప తెల్లని సింహాసనం | goppa tellani sinhāsanaṁ | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 20:11 | Reuses సింహాసనం |
| Come out of her, my people | నా ప్రజలారా, ఆమెలోనుండి బయటకు రండి | — | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 18:4 | Connects to baseline’s separation_unto_gods_service doctrine |
| Blood of the prophets and saints | ప్రవక్తల మరియు పరిశుద్ధుల రక్తము | — | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 18:24 | Reuses ప్రవక్త and పరిశుద్ధులు |
| Faithful and True | నమ్మకమైనవాడును సత్యవంతుడును | nammakamainavāḍunu satyavantuḍunu | The Return and Reign of Christ | 3:14; 19:11; 21:5 | Must match exactly across all three occurrences |
| Bride / wife of the Lamb | వధువు | vadhuvu | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17 | Manage the South Indian Vaishnava bridal-bhakti resonance (Āṇḍāḷ, padam/kīrtana tradition) so exclusivity of Christ as bridegroom is retained |
| Holy city, new Jerusalem | పరిశుద్ధ పట్టణమైన క్రొత్త యెరూషలేము | pariśuddha paṭṭaṇamaina krotta Yerūśalēmu | The New Heaven and New Earth; The Church as Bride of Christ | 3:12; 21:2,10 | Reuses పరిశుద్ధ (baseline); requires OT covenant-city background |
| ”Nations” (ἔθνη) in the inclusive, redeemed sense | జనములు / జాతులు | janamulu / jātulu | Unity of Jews and Gentiles (baseline, extended) | 21:24,26; 22:2 | Curriculum-specific refinement: distinguish from baseline అన్యజనులు (specific Jew/Gentile contrast sense); confirm via theologian + native-speaker review |
| ”I am coming soon/quickly” | నేను త్వరగా వచ్చుచున్నాను | nēnu tvaragā vachuchunnānu | The Return and Reign of Christ | 22:7,12,20 | Lock identically across all three occurrences |
| Grace be with all (closing benediction) | కృప మీ అందరికి తోడై యుండునుగాక | — | Grace (baseline) | 22:21 | Reuses కృప; bookends the book’s opening grace-greeting (1:4) |
| “Do not add or take away” | ఈ ప్రవచన వాక్యములకు ఎవడైనను కలిపినయెడల… ఎవడైనను తీసివేసినయెడల | — | Inspiration of Scripture (baseline) | 22:18-19 | Reuses ప్రవచనం |
| Two witnesses | ఇద్దరు సాక్షులు | iddaru sākṣulu | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 11:3-13 | Reuses సాక్షి root |
Medium Risk (Native speaker review recommended)
| Term | Telugu | Transliteration | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revelation / apocalypse | ప్రకటన | prakaṭana | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:1 | Book title term |
| Tribulation (θλῖψις) | శ్రమ | śrama | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14 | Established Telugu Christian term |
| Keys of Death and Hades / Hades | పాతాళలోకం | pātāḷalōkaṁ | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14 | Distinct from నరకం/లేక్ ఆఫ్ ఫైర్ (lake of fire) |
| Twenty-four elders | పెద్దలు | peddalu | Worship of the Lamb | 4:4,10; 5:8,14; 11:16; 19:4 | Clarify heavenly worship-company, not earthly caste/village elders |
| Living creatures | జీవులు (నాలుగు జీవులు) | jīvulu | Worship of the Lamb | 4:6-9; 5:6,8,14; 6:1-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4 | Needs Ezekiel/Isaiah background |
| Worthy (ἄξιος) | యోగ్యుడు | yōgyuḍu | Worship of the Lamb | 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12 | — |
| Sea of glass | గాజు సముద్రం | gāju samudraṁ | Worship of the Lamb | 4:6; 15:2 | — |
| Scroll (βιβλίον) / little scroll | గ్రంథము / చిన్న గ్రంథము | granthamu | Sovereignty of God over History | 5:1-9; 10:2,8-10 | — |
| Seal (σφραγίς) | ముద్ర | mudra | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 8:1; 9:4 | Note mild resonance with Hindu ritual hand-gesture terminology; low practical risk |
| Lion of the tribe of Judah / Root of David | యూదా గోత్రపు సింహము, దావీదు వేరు | — | Davidic Covenant (baseline) | 5:5; 22:16 | Reuses దావీదు; requires OT background |
| New song | కొత్త కీర్తన | kotta kīrtana | Worship of the Lamb | 5:9; 14:3 | — |
| Trumpet | బాకా | bāka | Sovereignty of God over History | 8:2-13; 9:1,13; 10:7; 11:15 | — |
| Prayers of the saints (with incense) | పరిశుద్ధుల ప్రార్థనలు | — | Prayer and Intercession (baseline) | 5:8; 8:3-4 | Reuses పరిశుద్ధులు |
| Wormwood | చేదుమొక్క | chēdumokka | Judgment of the Wicked | 8:11 | Symbolic name, brief gloss needed |
| Abyss | అగాధం | agādhaṁ | Sovereignty of God over History | 9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3 | — |
| Apollyon / Abaddon | అపొల్లుయోను / అబద్దోను | — | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 9:11 | Proper name, gloss “నాశకుడు” (destroyer) |
| Ark of the covenant | నిబంధన మందసము | — | Davidic/Old Covenant background (baseline) | 11:19 | Reuses నిబంధన |
| Accuser of the brothers | సహోదరుల మీద నిందించువాడు | — | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12:10 | — |
| Number of the beast, 666 | మృగము సంఖ్య, 666 | — | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13:18 | Arabic numerals retained; resist speculative identification |
| Eternal gospel | నిత్య సువార్త | nitya suvārta | Gospel (baseline) | 14:6 | Reuses సువార్త |
| Winepress of God’s wrath | దేవుని ఉగ్రత యొక్క ద్రాక్షగానుగ | — | Judgment of the Wicked | 14:19-20 | Reuses ఉగ్రత |
| Song of Moses and of the Lamb | మోషే కీర్తన మరియు గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల కీర్తన | — | Sovereignty of God over History | 15:3-4 | Reuses ἀρνίον; needs Exodus background |
| Bowl (φιάλη) | పాత్ర | pātra | Judgment of the Wicked | 15:7; 16:1-17; 17:1; 21:9 | — |
| Armageddon | అర్మగెద్దోను | Armagaddōnu | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 16:16 | Proper name; teach symbolically |
| Great prostitute / Babylon the great | మహా వేశ్య, మహా బబులోను | mahā vēśya, mahā Babulōnu | Judgment of the Wicked; Church as Bride of Christ (by contrast) | 14:8; 17:1-18:24 | Formal literary register required |
| Mystery (μυστήριον) | మర్మము | marmamu | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7 | — |
| Hallelujah | హల్లెలూయా | hallelūyā | Worship of the Lamb | 19:1,3,4,6 | Transliterated, per baseline standard |
| Thousand years / millennium | వెయ్యి సంవత్సరాలు | veyyi samvatsarālu | The Return and Reign of Christ; Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 20:1-7 | Lexically simple; hermeneutically significant — teach interpretive range |
| Book of Life | జీవగ్రంథము | jīvagranthamu | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 | — |
| Twelve gates/foundations, tribes/apostles | పన్నెండు గుమ్మములు, పన్నెండు పునాదులు | — | Unity of Jews and Gentiles (baseline) | 21:12-14,21 | Reuses ఇశ్రాయేలు, అపొస్తలుడు |
| No temple in the city (ναός) | ఆలయం/దేవాలయం (absence stated) | ālayaṁ / dēvālayaṁ | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21:22; 11:1-2; 3:12 | Distinct from సంఘము; context always clarifies “no separate temple building,” not “no church” |
| Glory of God as the city’s light | దేవుని మహిమ దానిని ప్రకాశింపజేసెను | — | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21:11,23 | Reuses మహిమ |
| River of the water of life | జీవజలనది | jīvajalanadi | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22:1-2 | Reuses πηγή τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς concept |
| Tree of life, healing of the nations | జీవవృక్షము, జనముల స్వస్థత | jīvavṛkṣamu | The New Heaven and New Earth | 2:7; 22:2,14,19 | — |
| No more curse | ఇక శాపము ఉండదు | ika śāpamu uṁḍadu | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22:3 | Distinguish from folk ancestral/deity-curse ritual-removal practices |
| They will see his face | ఆయన ముఖమును చూతురు | — | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22:4 | Beatific-vision theme |
| Woman clothed with the sun | సూర్యుని ధరించిన స్త్రీ | — | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 12:1-2 | Multiple faithful interpretive options (Israel/Mary/Church); teach as symbolic, not resolve dogmatically |
Low Risk (Automated review sufficient)
| Term | Telugu | Transliteration | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lampstand (λυχνία) | దీపస్తంభం | dīpastambhaṁ | 1:12,20; 2:5; 11:4 | — |
| Sword (ῥομφαία, broad two-edged) | ఖడ్గము | khaḍgamu | 1:16; 2:12,16; 19:15,21 | — |
| Repent (μετανοέω) | మారుమనస్సు పొందు | māṟumanassu poṅdu | 2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19; 9:20-21; 16:9,11 | Long-established idiom |
| Lukewarm (χλιαρός) | గోరువెచ్చని | gōruveccani | 3:16 | — |
| White stone, new name | తెల్లరాయి, కొత్త పేరు | — | 2:17 | Needs brief cultural-custom explainer |
| Hidden manna | మరుగైయున్న మన్నా | — | 2:17 | Needs Exodus background |
| Crown (στέφανος) | కిరీటం | kirīṭaṁ | 2:10; 3:11; 4:4,10; 6:2; 9:7; 12:1; 14:14 | Distinguish from διάδημα (diadem) contextually |
| Little scroll (βιβλαρίδιον) | చిన్న గ్రంథము | — | 10:2,8-10 | Diminutive of βιβλίον |
| Kingdom and priests | రాజ్యము, యాజకులు | — | 1:6; 5:10 | Reuses దేవుని రాజ్యం concept |
| Locusts | మిడుతలు | miḍutalu | 9:3-10 | — |
| Sea (θάλασσα, symbolic “no more”) | సముద్రం | samudraṁ | 21:1 | Symbolic register in context |
| River/spring imagery generally | ఊట / నది | ūṭa / nadi | 21:6; 22:1 | — |
| Blessed (μακάριος, beatitudes of Revelation) | ధన్యుడు | dhanyuḍu | 1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7,14 | Seven beatitudes of the book; standard term |
| Amen (closing) | ఆమేన్ | āmēn | 22:20-21 | Reuse baseline exactly |
Cross-Reference and Citation Conventions (Extending Baseline)
- Book name for citations: Revelation = ప్రకటన గ్రంథము (in running text) / short citation form ప్రకటన followed by chapter:verse (e.g., ప్రకటన 21:4), matching the baseline’s citation pattern of రోమీయులకు 3:23.
- Verse numbers remain Arabic numerals throughout, per baseline convention.
- Numeric symbols with theological weight (144,000; 666; 1,000/thousand years) are retained as Arabic numerals, not spelled out or converted to Telugu numerals, consistent with baseline verse-numbering rules.
- Any term appearing in this glossary that duplicates a baseline Romans term (Part A) must use the baseline Telugu rendering with zero deviation; this glossary never introduces a competing rendering for an already-locked baseline term.
Critical Risk Terms
Resurrection
Approved rendering: పునరుత్థానం
Transliteration: punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: పునర్జన్మ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; NEVER పునర్జన్మ. ‘The first resurrection’ (20:5-6) sits beside ‘the second death’ — the pairing must never be read as two turns of a rebirth cycle.
Lord
Approved rendering: ప్రభువు
Transliteration: prabhuvu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: స్వామి
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (17:14;19:16) is built on this root.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని కుమారుడు
Transliteration: Dēvuni Kumāruḍu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: అవతారపురుషుడు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Revelation 2:18; kept lexically distinct from the believer’s adoptive ‘son’ status promised at 21:7.
Messiah
Approved rendering: మెస్సీయ
Transliteration: Messīya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: అవతారపురుషుడు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Underlies ‘Christ’ (Χριστός), used throughout Revelation (1:1,2,5;11:15;12:10;20:4,6;22:21) as part of the fixed proper-name phrase ‘Jesus Christ’ (యేసు క్రీస్తు), per the baseline’s transliteration standard for క్రీస్తు.
Jesus
Approved rendering: యేసు
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Throughout (1:1,5,9;22:16,20-21).
God
Approved rendering: దేవుడు
Transliteration: Dēvuḍu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: భగవంతుడు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; never భగవంతుడు.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధాత్మ
Transliteration: pariśuddhātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: పరమాత్మ, పవిత్రాత్మ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; never పరమాత్మ. Symbolically described as ‘seven Spirits’ (1:4;3:1;4:5;5:6) — must be taught as ONE description of this same term, never seven distinct spirits; the abbreviated liturgical ఆత్మ at 22:17 must remain unambiguously this same Holy Spirit.
Father
Approved rendering: తండ్రి
Transliteration: Tandri
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: సృష్టికర్త
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. 1:6;2:28;3:5,21;14:1.
Salvation
Approved rendering: రక్షణ
Transliteration: rakshana
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: మోక్షం, ముక్తి
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; NEVER మోక్షం/ముక్తి. Worship-acclamation ‘salvation belongs to our God’ (7:10;12:10;19:1).
Lamb
Approved rendering: గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల (దేవుని గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల)
Transliteration: gorrepilla
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term. Christ’s dominant title in Revelation (~28 occurrences). Must retain the paradox of a lamb ‘as though slain’ (5:6) yet receiving the same worship as God enthroned (5:13-14) — never reduce to a sentimental sacrificial-animal image disconnected from that worship claim.
Almighty Pantokrator
Approved rendering: సర్వసమర్థుడు
Transliteration: sarvasamarthuḍu
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: సర్వశక్తిమంతుడు
New term. Extends the baseline’s శక్తి-avoidance rule (దేవుని సామర్థ్యం) to Revelation’s most-repeated divine title (1:8;4:8;11:17;15:3;16:7,14;19:6,15;21:22). Reject సర్వశక్తిమంతుడు despite its circulation in some printed Telugu Bibles, because the శక్తి root risks resonance with Andhra Pradesh’s Śākta goddess tradition (Kanaka Durgamma, Vijayawada) at the book’s single most-repeated divine title.
Alpha Omega
Approved rendering: ఆల్ఫా, ఓమెగా (ఆరంభమును అంతమును)
Transliteration: Alphā, Ōmegā
Doctrine: Deity and Eternality of Christ
New term. Transliterate the Greek letter-names and add the paraphrase gloss ఆరంభమును అంతమును (‘the beginning and the end’). Shared verbatim by the Father (1:8;21:6) and the Son (22:13) — MUST be rendered identically all three times as direct evidence of Christ’s co-equal deity.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: దేవుని వాక్యము
Transliteration: Dēvuni Vākyamu
Doctrine: Deity and Eternality of Christ
New term. Personal Christological title at 19:13 only (cf. John 1:1) — keep visibly distinct from వాక్యము used generically for Scripture/message elsewhere in the book (e.g. 1:2-3;22:18-19), so the Christological claim never collapses into a common noun; requires theologian confirmation before locking.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: రాజులకు రాజు, ప్రభువులకు ప్రభువు
Transliteration: rājulaku rāju, prabhuvulaku prabhuvu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term, built on locked ప్రభువు. Occurs at 17:14 and 19:16 — must be locked identically at both occurrences; must convey exclusive, non-comparative supremacy, not merely ‘greatest among kings.‘
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: ఆరాధించు / నమస్కరించు
Transliteration: ārādhin̄chu / namaskarin̄chu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term; the single highest-frequency, highest-stakes verb in the book (~24 occurrences). ఆరాధించు is also the ordinary Telugu verb for Hindu temple/deity worship — the object of worship (దేవునికి/గొఱ్ఱెపిల్లకు versus మృగమునకు/దాని ప్రతిమకు/దూతకు) MUST be stated explicitly at every occurrence; never leave implicit.
Idolaters
Approved rendering: విగ్రహారాధకుడు
Transliteration: vigrahārādhakuḍu
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New term. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are majority-Hindu regions where image/murti worship is a living devotional practice in many learners’ own extended families. Doctrinally necessary and must not be softened, but requires human theologian review for every learner-facing occurrence (21:8;22:15) to ensure doctrinal clarity without gratuitous offense.
Dragon Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: మహాసర్పం / ఆదిమ సర్పము
Transliteration: mahāsarpaṁ / ādima sarpamu
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: నాగు, పాము (unqualified)
New term. Telugu-speaking regions retain a living serpent-veneration tradition (Nagula Chavithi festival, anthill/పుట్ట shrines, Naga-devata worship); never leave ‘dragon/serpent’ unqualified — always pair with the text’s own explicit unmasking (సాతాను, అపవాది) in the same breath, exactly as 12:9 itself does.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: అపవాది / సాతాను
Transliteration: apavādi / Sātānu
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term (established Telugu Christian vocabulary, newly locked for this curriculum). Personal, defeated enemy — never an impersonal evil-principle or karmic force.
Second Death
Approved rendering: రెండవ మరణం
Transliteration: reṇḍava maraṇaṁ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term. Surface form risks being heard through the region’s dominant పునర్జన్మ (rebirth) framework as an intervening second life within a repeating cycle. MUST state explicitly, every occurrence (2:11;20:6,14;21:8), that this is a ONE-TIME, FINAL, ETERNAL state — the same class of risk the baseline documents for resurrection, treated with equal weight.
Marriage Supper Of Lamb
Approved rendering: గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల వివాహ విందు
Transliteration: gorrepilla vivāha viṁdu
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
New term, reuses lamb (Critical). Christ’s exclusivity as sole bridegroom is most acute here (19:7-9) given South Indian Vaishnava bhakti bridal-devotion parallels (Āṇḍāḷ, padam/kīrtana tradition) — requires theologian review.
Make All Things New Thesis
Approved rendering: ఇదిగో, నేను సమస్తమును క్రొత్తగా చేయుచున్నాను
Transliteration: idigō, nēnu samastamunu krottagā chēyuchunnānu
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term. Core-passage thesis verse (21:5). Landmark, highly quotable; MUST be rendered identically every time cited across all lesson materials, on the same principle as the baseline’s Romans 1:16-17/8:28 consistency rules. καινός (‘new’) must convey qualitative, non-repeating renewal, never the next turn of a cosmic cycle.
Overcame By Blood Of Lamb Thesis
Approved rendering: గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల రక్తము వలనను తమ సాక్ష్యవాక్యము వలనను వారు అతనిని జయించిరి
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term. Thesis-level verse (12:11) combining three load-bearing terms (lamb, overcomer_ho_nikon, witness_martys). MUST be locked identically across all lesson materials.
Kingdom Of World Thesis
Approved rendering: లోకరాజ్యము మన ప్రభువు రాజ్యమాయెను
Transliteration: lōkarājyamu mana prabhuvu rājyamāyenu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term. Seventh trumpet’s worship declaration (11:15), reuses దేవుని రాజ్యం and ప్రభువు exactly. One of the book’s key thesis-statement verses; lock identically wherever quoted.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: కృప
Transliteration: kṛpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: పుణ్యం, కర్మఫలం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Frames the whole book (1:4 opening greeting; 22:21 closing benediction); preserve the grace-not-merit contrast as in the baseline.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: నీతి
Transliteration: nīti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ధర్మం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Appears at Revelation 19:8 (‘the righteous deeds of the saints’) and 22:11; right standing/right conduct flowing from faith, never cosmic duty.
Holy
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధ
Transliteration: pariśuddha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: పవిత్ర, శుద్ధ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; never పవిత్ర. Trisagion (4:8); holy city (21:2,10,27).
Saints
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధులు
Transliteration: pariśuddhulu
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: సాధువులు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. The martyr-company whose prayers and blood are named throughout (5:8;8:3-4;11:18;13:7,10;14:12;17:6;18:24;19:8;20:9).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధపరచడం
Transliteration: pariśuddhaparachaḍam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: శుద్ధీకరణ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Implicit at 22:11 (‘let the holy still be holy’).
Adoption
Approved rendering: దత్తపుత్రత్వం
Transliteration: dattaputratvam
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: దత్తత తీసుకోవడం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Underlies 21:7 (‘he will be my son’) — must stay lexically distinct from దేవుని కుమారుడు, Christ’s unique Sonship.
Glory
Approved rendering: మహిమ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: తేజస్సు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. The New Jerusalem’s light source (21:11,23,24,26).
Church
Approved rendering: సంఘము
Transliteration: sanghamu
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: దేవాలయం, సభ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; never దేవాలయం/సభ. Addressed seven times, once per letter (2:1-3:22), and at 1:4,11,20;22:16. దేవాలయం is reserved for the literal-sanctuary sense (3:12;21:22) and must never substitute for సంఘము.
Sin
Approved rendering: పాపం
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: అధర్మం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. 1:5;18:4-5.
Covenant
Approved rendering: నిబంధన
Transliteration: nibandhana
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ఒప్పందం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. The ark of the covenant, visible in the heavenly temple (11:19).
Election
Approved rendering: దేవుని ఏర్పాటు
Transliteration: Dēvuni Ērpāṭu
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: విధి, కర్మ
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; never విధి/కర్మ. Revelation 17:14 (‘called, chosen, and faithful’).
Providence
Approved rendering: దేవుని పరిపాలన
Transliteration: Dēvuni Paripālana
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: విధి, కర్మసిద్ధాంతం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Extended here from a single-verse Romans gloss into a book-length structuring theme spanning chapters 4-19 (seals, trumpets, bowls all permitted by the enthroned God).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని సామర్థ్యం
Transliteration: Dēvuni Sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: శక్తి
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly; never శక్తి. This curriculum extends the same శక్తి-avoidance rule to the far more frequent title παντοκράτωρ — see almighty_pantokrator below.
Throne
Approved rendering: సింహాసనం
Transliteration: sinhāsanaṁ
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
New term. Standard royal-seat vocabulary (~40 occurrences: 4:2-11;5:1-13;20:11;21:5;22:1,3). Andhra Pradesh’s prominent Śākta tradition (Vijayawada’s lion-enthroned Kanaka Durgamma) gives it a live regional visual association worth a footnote; manageable since it is generic, not a proper name.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: నమ్మకమైనవాడును సత్యవంతుడును
Transliteration: nammakamainavāḍunu satyavantuḍunu
Doctrine: Deity and Eternality of Christ
New term. Title of Christ (19:11), also at 3:14, and applied to God’s promise-words at 21:5 — must match verbatim at all three occurrences.
Firstborn Of The Dead
Approved rendering: మృతులలో ప్రథమజాతుడు
Transliteration: mṛtulalō prathamajātuḍu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
New term (1:5). Reuses పునరుత్థానం conceptual family; must not suggest Christ was merely ‘first to be reborn.‘
Ruler Of Kings Of Earth
Approved rendering: భూరాజులకు అధిపతి
Transliteration: bhūrājulaku adhipati
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term (1:5). Must not be softened to ‘a great king’ or ‘an influential ruler’ — the force is comprehensive, present supremacy, not merely future.
Lion Of Judah Root Of David
Approved rendering: యూదా గోత్రపు సింహము, దావీదు వేరు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
New term (5:5;22:16). Reuses baseline దావీదు; requires OT background to land the deliberate paradox of conquering-through-sacrifice immediately before the Lamb appears slain.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: దావీదు తాళపుచెవి
Transliteration: Dāvīdu tāḷapuchevi
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
New term (3:7). Reuses baseline దావీదు; alludes to Isaiah 22:22, Christ’s exclusive messianic authority over entry into the kingdom.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: ఏడు ఆత్మలు
Transliteration: ēḍu ātmalu
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and the Churches
New term (1:4;3:1;4:5;5:6). Must be explained as ONE symbolic description of the single పరిశుద్ధాత్మ, never seven distinct spirits, to avoid a polytheistic or numerological misreading.
Overcomer Ho Nikon
Approved rendering: జయించువాడు
Transliteration: jayin̄chuvāḍu
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term. Refrain closing each of the seven letters (2:7,11,17,26;3:5,12,21) and recurring at 12:11;15:2;21:7. Lock the exact verb root జయించు at every occurrence; never soften to merely ‘the one who tries hard.‘
Witness Martys
Approved rendering: సాక్షి
Transliteration: sākṣi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: అమరవీరుడు
New term. Applied to Christ (1:5), Antipas (2:13), martyrs (6:9), the two witnesses (11:3), and the martyr-company (17:6;20:4). Avoid అమరవీరుడు (secular/nationalist ‘martyr-hero’ from Indian freedom-struggle memory); qualify with మరణం వరకు (‘unto death’) where the martyrdom sense is essential.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: ఇద్దరు సాక్షులు
Transliteration: iddaru sākṣulu
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (11:3-13). Reuses సాక్షి root consistently from chapter 1.
Patient Endurance
Approved rendering: సహనం / ఓర్పు
Transliteration: sahanaṁ / ōrpu
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (1:9;2:2-3,19;3:10;13:10;14:12). Translate as active, hope-filled steadfastness; avoid any wording resembling విధి (‘fate’), per the baseline’s existing providence caution.
Come Out Of Her My People
Approved rendering: నా ప్రజలారా, ఆమెలోనుండి బయటకు రండి
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (18:4). Connects to the baseline’s separation_unto_gods_service doctrine, extended here to a corporate-economic dimension; teach as costly separation, not mere geographic relocation.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: జీవముగల దేవుని ముద్ర
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (7:2-8). Deliberately contrasted with mark_of_beast below; must remain visually and lexically distinct.
Mark Of Beast
Approved rendering: గుర్తు
Transliteration: gurtu
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New term (13:16-18;14:9-11). Avoid speculative identification with specific modern technologies in learner-facing material; keep the theological point (ultimate allegiance) primary; must contrast clearly with seal_of_god.
Beast
Approved rendering: మృగం
Transliteration: mṛgaṁ
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New term (11:7;13:1-18;14:9-11;16:2,10,13;17:3-17;19:19-20;20:4,10). Generic, safe Telugu word for ‘wild beast’ — the risk is conceptual (teach as symbolic power/empire, not merely an animal or a single individual), not lexical.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: అబద్ధ ప్రవక్త
Transliteration: abaddha pravakta
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New term (16:13;19:20;20:10). Direct negation-compound of baseline ప్రవక్త; must remain lexically connected so the counterfeit relationship is clear.
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: మాంత్రికుడు / క్షుద్రవిద్య చేయువాడు
Transliteration: māntrikuḍu / kṣudravidya chēyuvāḍu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (9:21;18:23;21:8;22:15). Rural and semi-urban Telugu-speaking communities retain a live tradition of folk exorcism and black-magic/curse-ritual specialists (క్షుద్రపూజలు) — requires joint theologian + native-speaker review to avoid sensationalizing or mocking the practice.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ఉగ్రత
Transliteration: ugrata
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (6:16-17;11:18;14:10,19;15:1,7;16:1,19;19:15). Must convey God’s/the Lamb’s righteous, judicial response to sin, not the appeasable, capricious deity-anger of regional folk-devotional frameworks.
Souls Under Altar
Approved rendering: బలిపీఠము క్రింద ఉన్న ప్రాణములు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (6:9-11). Introduces the martyr-vindication theme continued through chapter 20; needs OT sacrificial-altar background note.
Blood Of Prophets And Saints
Approved rendering: ప్రవక్తల మరియు పరిశుద్ధుల రక్తము
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (18:24). Reuses baseline ప్రవక్త and పరిశుద్ధులు exactly.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: గొప్ప తెల్లని సింహాసనం
Transliteration: goppa tellani sinhāsanaṁ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (20:11). Reuses సింహాసనం; white signifies the purity/righteousness of the judgment itself, not merely a color detail.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: అగ్నిగుండం, గంధకము
Transliteration: agnigunḍaṁ, gandhakamu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (19:20;20:10,14-15;21:8). Popular Telugu religious imagination (Puranic నరక literature) often frames hell as one stage within an ongoing rebirth cycle; lesson content must explicitly distinguish this final, unrepeatable state from a purgatorial/cyclical నరకం concept.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: నివాసస్థలం / నివసించును
Transliteration: nivāsasthalaṁ / nivasin̄chunu
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (7:15;12:12;13:6;21:3). Requires OT tabernacle background teaching (Exodus 25-40; John 1:14), structurally parallel to the baseline’s caution on seed_of_david needing covenant background.
Glory As Light
Approved rendering: దేవుని మహిమ దానిని ప్రకాశింపజేసెను
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (21:11,23). Reuses baseline మహిమ exactly; avoid generic light-imagery that could merge with unrelated divine-radiance devotional concepts.
Holy City New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధ పట్టణమైన క్రొత్త యెరూషలేము
Transliteration: pariśuddha paṭṭaṇamaina krotta Yerūśalēmu
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (3:12;21:2,10). Reuses baseline పరిశుద్ధ; requires OT covenant-city background so the name is heard as fulfillment, not an arbitrary proper name; must be heard as the same corporate reality as సంఘము.
Twelve Gates Foundations
Approved rendering: పన్నెండు గుమ్మములు, పన్నెండు గోత్రములు; పన్నెండు పునాదులు, పన్నెండు అపొస్తలులు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
New term (21:12-14,21). Reuses baseline ఇశ్రాయేలు and అపొస్తలుడు exactly; the final architectural statement of Jew/Gentile unity now consummated.
Bride
Approved rendering: వధువు
Transliteration: vadhuvu
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
New term (19:7-9;21:2,9;22:17). Ordinary, safe Telugu word for ‘bride,’ but South Indian Vaishnava bhakti poetry (Āṇḍāḷ’s bridal-mysticism; Kṣetrayya/Annamācārya padam-kīrtana tradition) already has a ‘soul as bride of the Lord’ devotional convention. Must never stand unqualified — always name గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల as sole bridegroom in the same sentence/context.
Nations Inclusive Sense
Approved rendering: జనములు / జాతులు
Transliteration: janamulu / jātulu
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
New term, a curriculum-specific refinement of ἔθνη (21:24,26;22:2). Use for the full inclusive multitude of every redeemed nation together, reserving baseline అన్యజనులు strictly for contexts retaining Romans’ specific Jew/Gentile contrast sense. Confirm consistent application via theologian + native-speaker review.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: నేను త్వరగా వచ్చుచున్నాను
Transliteration: nēnu tvaragā vachuchunnānu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term (22:7,12,20). Must be rendered identically at all three occurrences; teach ‘soon’ as certainty-of-manner, not calendar-proximity.
Grace Be With All
Approved rendering: కృప మీ అందరికి తోడై యుండునుగాక
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Grace as the Frame of Redemptive History
New term (22:21). Reuses baseline కృప exactly; bookends the book’s opening grace-greeting (1:4); should mirror the grace-benediction pattern already established across the Romans curriculum.
Do Not Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: ఈ ప్రవచన వాక్యములకు ఎవడైనను కలిపినయెడల… ఎవడైనను తీసివేసినయెడల
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Inspiration and Preservation of Prophetic Scripture
New term (22:18-19). Reuses baseline ప్రవచనం exactly; the canonical seal on the book’s — and by extension Scripture’s — divine authority.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: జీవవృక్షము
Transliteration: jīvavṛkṣamu
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (2:7;22:2,14,19). Requires Genesis 2-3 background; connects to nations_inclusive_sense at 22:2’s ‘healing of the nations.‘
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: సువార్త
Transliteration: suvārta
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: వార్త
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. At Revelation 14:6 qualified as నిత్య సువార్త (‘eternal gospel’) — add నిత్య as qualifier only, never alter the locked root term.
Faith
Approved rendering: విశ్వాసం
Transliteration: viswāsam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: భక్తి
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly for the noun (2:13,19;13:10;14:12). For the adjective πιστός applied to persons/words, this curriculum extends the విశ్వాసం root with నమ్మకమైన — see faithful_and_true below.
Apostle
Approved rendering: అపొస్తలుడు
Transliteration: apostaluḍu
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: గురువు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Revelation 2:2 (testing false apostles); 18:20; 21:14 (foundation stones of the New Jerusalem).
Called
Approved rendering: పిలువబడిన
Transliteration: piluvabaḍina
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ఆహ్వానించబడిన
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Revelation 17:14 groups this with ‘chosen and faithful.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: పిలుపు
Transliteration: pilupu
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ఆహ్వానం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly.
Peace
Approved rendering: శాంతి
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: మనశ్శాంతి
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Revelation 1:4’s ‘grace and peace to you’ mirrors the Pauline epistolary greeting.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: దేవుని రాజ్యం
Transliteration: Dēvuni Rājyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. 1:6,9;5:10;11:15;12:10; root of kingdom_of_world_thesis (11:15) and kingdom_and_priests (1:6;5:10) below.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: అన్యజనులు
Transliteration: anyajanulu
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: విదేశీయులు
Inherited from Romans package. Reuse ONLY for the specific Jew/Gentile contrast sense. Where ἔθνη names the inclusive multitude of every redeemed nation (21:24,26;22:2), use the new curriculum-specific term nations_inclusive_sense below instead — never conflate the two senses.
Intercession
Approved rendering: మధ్యవర్తిత్వం
Transliteration: madhyavartitvam
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Contrasted with the accuser’s role at 12:10 (see accuser_of_brothers below).
David
Approved rendering: దావీదు
Transliteration: Dāvīdu
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Root of the Lion of Judah / Root of David / Key of David titles (3:7;5:5;22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: ఇశ్రాయేలు
Transliteration: Iśrāyēlu
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. The sealed twelve tribes (7:4); named on the New Jerusalem’s gates (21:12).
Revelation Apocalypse
Approved rendering: ప్రకటన
Transliteration: prakaṭana
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term, the book’s title (1:1). Telugu ప్రకటన can mean an ordinary secular ‘announcement/advertisement’ — introductory material must establish the technical sense: authoritative divine unveiling, not a private mystical vision.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: శ్రమ
Transliteration: śrama
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (1:9;2:9-10,22;7:14). Standard, well-established Telugu Christian term for affliction; context must supply the persecution-specific sense.
Keys Of Death Hades
Approved rendering: మరణమునకును పాతాళలోకమునకును తాళపుచెవులు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term (1:18; cf. 6:8;20:13-14). పాతాళలోకం (Hades/nether realm) must be kept conceptually distinct from నరకం/lake of fire, per the text’s own later distinction (20:13-14).
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: పెద్దలు
Transliteration: peddalu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term (4:4,10;5:8,14;11:16;19:4). Telugu పెద్దలు can also denote village/caste elders in everyday usage; clarify as a heavenly worship company, not an earthly social-authority structure.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: జీవులు (నాలుగు జీవులు)
Transliteration: jīvulu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term (4:6-9;5:6,8,14;6:1-7;7:11;14:3;15:7;19:4). Needs an Ezekiel 1/Isaiah 6 background note; otherwise reads as generic ‘animals.‘
Worthy
Approved rendering: యోగ్యుడు
Transliteration: yōgyuḍu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term (4:11;5:2,4,9,12). Worship-refrain; God/the Lamb alone merit this designation.
Scroll And Seal
Approved rendering: గ్రంథము / ముద్ర
Transliteration: granthamu / mudra
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
New term (5:1-9;6:1-8:1;10:2,8-10). ముద్ర has mild resonance with Hindu/tantric ritual hand-gesture terminology; low practical risk given clear ‘seal on a scroll’ context.
New Song
Approved rendering: కొత్త కీర్తన
Transliteration: kotta kīrtana
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term (5:9;14:3). Worship-response to the Lamb’s unique redemptive achievement, echoing Psalm 96/98.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: బాకా
Transliteration: bāka
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
New term (8:2-13;9:1,13;10:7;11:15). Structures the book’s second judgment-cycle; divine announcement, not a human military signal.
Bowl
Approved rendering: పాత్ర
Transliteration: pātra
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (15:7;16:1-17;17:1;21:9). Vessel of complete, undiluted final judgment; contrast in teaching with the partial ‘third’ judgments of seals/trumpets.
Abyss
Approved rendering: అగాధం
Transliteration: agādhaṁ
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term (9:1-2,11;11:7;17:8;20:1,3). Prison/realm of demonic confinement; reinforces that even chaotic demonic forces operate only within limits God permits.
Mystery
Approved rendering: మర్మము
Transliteration: marmamu
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term (1:20;10:7;17:5,7). A hidden truth now disclosed, requiring divinely-given interpretation — textbook case for this doctrine.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: అర్మగెద్దోను
Transliteration: Armagaddōnu
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term (16:16). Proper name; teach as a symbolic site, resist speculative geopolitical identification.
Babylon Great Prostitute
Approved rendering: మహా వేశ్య, మహా బబులోను
Transliteration: mahā vēśya, mahā Babulōnu
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New term (14:8;17:1-18:24). Requires formal, literary register rather than coarse colloquial terms; serves as the Bride’s negative counterpart in the book’s structure.
Accuser Of Brothers
Approved rendering: సహోదరుల మీద నిందించువాడు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term (12:10). Satan’s courtroom-accusation role, contrasted with Christ’s intercession (baseline మధ్యవర్తిత్వం).
Number Of Beast
Approved rendering: మృగము సంఖ్య, 666
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term (13:18). Gematria-based symbolic number; retain Arabic numerals per baseline citation convention; teach as symbolic, resist date-setting or identity speculation.
Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: దేవుని ఉగ్రత యొక్క ద్రాక్షగానుగ
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (14:19-20). Reuses ఉగ్రత; keep judicial, not capricious, framing.
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: మోషే కీర్తన మరియు గొఱ్ఱెపిల్ల కీర్తన
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
New term (15:3-4). Reuses lamb (Critical); needs Exodus background.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: హల్లెలూయా
Transliteration: hallelūyā
Doctrine: Worship and Liturgical Refrains
New term (19:1,3,4,6). Transliterated per baseline standard; established, universal Telugu Christian usage.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: వెయ్యి సంవత్సరాలు
Transliteration: veyyi samvatsarālu
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and Interpretive Range
New term (20:1-7). Lexically simple; hermeneutically loaded — lesson content, not translation choice, must present the range of faithful evangelical interpretive positions without forcing one as the only orthodox option.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: జీవగ్రంథము
Transliteration: jīvagranthamu
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term (3:5;13:8;17:8;20:12,15;21:27). Grounds assurance in God’s own sovereign record-keeping.
No Temple In City
Approved rendering: ఆ పట్టణములో దేవాలయమును నేను చూడలేదు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (21:22; cf. 3:12;11:1-2). దేవాలయం here means literal heavenly sanctuary and must never be a synonym for baseline సంఘము; use only in full-sentence form so the point (no separate temple-building) is never misheard as ‘no church.‘
River Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: జీవజలపు ఊట / జీవజలనది
Transliteration: jīvajalapu ūṭa / jīvajalanadi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (21:6;22:1-2). The ‘freely given’ (δωρεάν/ఉచితంగా) register must echo baseline కృప’s unmerited-gift theology, not read as commercial ‘free of charge.‘
Healing Of Nations
Approved rendering: జనముల స్వస్థత
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
New term (22:2). Reuses the inclusive nations_inclusive_sense; the nations’ historical wounds are healed, not erased from memory.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: ఇక శాపము ఉండదు
Transliteration: ika śāpamu uṁḍadu
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (22:3). Resonates with widespread regional folk anxiety about ancestral/deity curses (శాపం) and ritual curse-removal practices; the eschatological promise is total and final, unlike a temporary ritual remedy.
See His Face
Approved rendering: ఆయన ముఖమును చూతురు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term (22:4). Beatific-vision theme, echoing 21:3’s tabernacling promise.
Ark Of Covenant
Approved rendering: నిబంధన మందసము
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
New term (11:19). Reuses baseline నిబంధన exactly; needs OT background.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: నిత్య సువార్త
Transliteration: nitya suvārta
Doctrine: Gospel
New term (14:6). Reuse baseline సువార్త exactly, adding నిత్య only as qualifier.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: సూర్యుని ధరించిన స్త్రీ
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term (12:1-2). Multiple faithful interpretive options exist (Israel/Mary/the Church); teach as symbolic, not dogmatically resolved.
Prayers Of Saints Incense
Approved rendering: పరిశుద్ధుల ప్రార్థనలు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
New term (5:8;8:3-4). Reuses baseline పరిశుద్ధులు; distinguish from ritual incense-offering practice in regional devotional contexts.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: కృతజ్ఞతాస్తుతి
Transliteration: kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Worship refrains at 4:9;7:12;11:17.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: సహవాసం
Transliteration: sahavāsam
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: స్నేహం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Thematic in the marriage-supper invitation (19:9).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ప్రవక్త
Transliteration: pravakta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: జ్యోతిష్కుడు
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. 10:7;11:10,18;16:6;18:20,24;22:6,9; root of the counterfeit అబద్ధ ప్రవక్త (false_prophet, below).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ప్రవచనం
Transliteration: pravachanam
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: భవిష్యఫలం
Inherited from Romans package; reuse exactly. Frames the whole book (1:3) and its canonical seal (22:7,10,18-19).
Amen
Approved rendering: ఆమేన్
Transliteration: āmēn
Doctrine: Worship and Liturgical Refrains
Established per the baseline’s transliteration standard for theological proper nouns; newly entered as its own TM key for this curriculum. Reuse ఆమేన్ exactly at every occurrence (1:6,7;3:14;5:14;7:12;19:4;22:20-21).
Repent
Approved rendering: మారుమనస్సు పొందు
Transliteration: māṟumanassu poṅdu
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (2:5,16,21-22;3:3,19;9:20-21;16:9,11). Long-established Telugu Christian idiom.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: గోరువెచ్చని
Transliteration: gōruveccani
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (3:16). Figurative moral-temperature idiom; needs a natural Telugu equivalent, not a literal water-temperature reading.
Crown Stephanos
Approved rendering: కిరీటం
Transliteration: kirīṭaṁ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (2:10;3:11;4:4,10;6:2;9:7;12:1;14:14). Victor’s wreath, reward for faithful endurance; Telugu కిరీటం does not sharply distinguish στέφανος from διάδημα (the dragon’s diadem, 12:3) — note the contrast in lesson content where both appear.
White Stone New Name
Approved rendering: తెల్లరాయి, కొత్త పేరు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (2:17). Obscure ancient acquittal-token custom; needs an explanatory lesson note, not a lexical fix.
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: మరుగైయున్న మన్నా
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term (2:17). Echoes Exodus 16; needs Exodus background.
Lampstand
Approved rendering: దీపస్తంభం
Transliteration: dīpastambhaṁ
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term (1:12,20;2:5;11:4). Symbol of the seven churches.
Sword Rhomphaia
Approved rendering: ఖడ్గము
Transliteration: khaḍgamu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term (1:16;2:12,16;19:15,21). Broad two-edged sword, symbol of Christ’s judicial word.
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: రాజ్యము, యాజకులు
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
New term (1:6;5:10). Reuses baseline దేవుని రాజ్యం concept; corporate identity/vocation of the redeemed, echoing Exodus 19:6.
Locusts
Approved rendering: మిడుతలు
Transliteration: miḍutalu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (9:3-10). Symbolic tormenting agents released from the abyss; teach the symbolic register contextually.
Blessed Beatitude
Approved rendering: ధన్యుడు
Transliteration: dhanyuḍu
Doctrine: Worship and Liturgical Refrains
New term. Seven beatitudes of the book (1:3;14:13;16:15;19:9;20:6;22:7,14); standard Telugu Christian term.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: చేదుమొక్క
Transliteration: chēdumokka
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term (8:11). Bitter judgment-star name, echoing Jeremiah 9:15; needs a brief gloss (‘bitter plant’).
Michael
Approved rendering: మిఖాయేలు
Transliteration: Mikhāyēlu
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New proper name (12:7), the archangel; established Telugu Bible form from the Daniel/Jude translation tradition.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: గోగు మరియు మాగోగు
Transliteration: Gōgu mariyu Māgōgu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New proper name (20:8), OT figures (Ezekiel 38-39); teach symbolically as end-time hostile-nations imagery, not a specific modern nation.
Nicolaitans
Approved rendering: నికొలయితులు
Transliteration: Nikolayitulu
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New proper name (2:6,15), a historical group; brief explanatory note on their false teaching required, not a lexical fix.
Antipas
Approved rendering: అంతిప
Transliteration: Anthipa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New proper name (2:13), a specific named martyr; reuse the సాక్షి (witness_martys) qualifier.
Balaam
Approved rendering: బాలాము
Transliteration: Bālāmu
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New proper name (2:14); established OT form, reuse from the Telugu Pentateuch translation tradition.
Jezebel
Approved rendering: యెజెబెలు
Transliteration: Yejebelu
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
New proper name (2:20); established OT form; teach as a symbolic type of false-teaching seduction, not merely a historical reference.
Seven Churches Cities
Approved rendering: ఎఫెసు, స్ముర్న, పెర్గము, తియతైర, సార్దీస్, ఫిలదెల్ఫియ, లవొదికయ
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New proper names (1:11; chapters 2-3): Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea. Use forms matching existing Telugu Acts/Epistles translation convention for consistency with the wider Telugu New Testament.
Patmos
Approved rendering: పత్మొను
Transliteration: Patmonu
Doctrine: Inspiration and Preservation of Prophetic Scripture
New proper name (1:9), the island of John’s exile.
Sodom And Egypt Symbolic
Approved rendering: సొదొమ, ఐగుప్తు
Transliteration: Sodomu, Aigupthu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New proper names (11:8), applied symbolically to the city where the two witnesses’ bodies lie; the names themselves are historically fixed from OT usage, but the connecting clause (‘that great city which spiritually is called…’) needs ordinary Telugu prose, not transliteration.
Referenced passages