Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians (English → Fulfulde)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all 16 chapters of 1 Corinthians. Status = “Reused (baseline)” means the Fulfulde rendering is copied exactly, unchanged, from the Romans translation_memory.json, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. Status = “New (this curriculum)” means the term is not in the Romans baseline and is proposed here for the first time, pending the same theologian/native-speaker confirmation workflow the baseline itself requires for provisional terms. All new terms must be written into translation_memory.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the versioning procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.jsonframework) - Status: Reused (baseline) | New (this curriculum)
- Chs.: chapters of 1 Corinthians where the term is load-bearing
| # | English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Fulfulde Rendering | Risk | Status | Chs. | Grounded Risk Reason / Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | Linjiila | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,9,15 | Recognition/theological content varies by reader’s Islamic (tahrif) vs. Christian prior exposure. |
| 2 | Grace | χάρις / charis | Arjunde | Critical | Reused (baseline) | 1,3,15,16 | Arabic-shared vocabulary generally understood as deeds-responsive in regional Islamic usage; “apart from works” must be stated explicitly (15:10 is a key text). |
| 3 | Faith / believe | πίστις, πιστεύω / pistis, pisteuō | gomɗinal | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,2,3,13,15,16 | Risk of defaulting to generic confessional identity rather than saving trust in Christ specifically. |
| 4 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | peewal | High | Reused (baseline) | 1 (1:30) | Risk of being heard as moral character rather than credited status. |
| 5 | Justification | δικαίωσις-related / edikaiōthēte | waɗugol peewal | High | Reused (baseline) | 6 (6:11) | Must not be abbreviated to mere forgiveness; forensic declaration must be retained. |
| 6 | Salvation / saved | σωτηρία, σώζω / sōtēria, sōzō | kisal | Critical | Reused (baseline) | 1,3,5,7,9,10,15 | Islamic deeds-weighing soteriology has no atonement framework; Christ’s finished work must be stated explicitly, esp. 15:2. |
| 7 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | nulaaɗo | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,4,9,12,15 | Deliberately avoids rasuulu (Muhammad’s Islamic title); must be maintained consistently. |
| 8 | Called / calling | κλητός, κλῆσις / klētos, klēsis | noddaaɗo / noddaandi | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,7,15 | Context-sensitive: apostleship-calling (15:9), salvation-calling (1:2,9), AND a new fourth sense — state-of-life calling (7:17-24) — not covered in Romans baseline notes; add this sense to the doctrine layer for this curriculum. |
| 9 | Holy | ἅγιος / hagios | ceniiɗo | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,3,7 | Must convey moral/relational set-apartness, not only ritual purity. |
| 10 | Saints | ἅγιοι / hagioi | seniiɓe | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,6,16 | Corporate designation for all believers, not an ascetic elite; confirm plural naturalness regionally. |
| 11 | Sanctification | ἁγιασμός-related | ceniinde | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,6 | Distinct from laaɓal (ritual/ablution purity); Spirit’s internal moral work. |
| 12 | Church (assembly) | ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia | kawtal | Medium | Reused (baseline) | 1,4,6,7,10,11,12,14,15,16 | Native-rooted “gathering” term; must stay distinct from moosaale (mosque). |
| 13 | Spiritual gifts (general) | χαρίσματα / charismata | dokkal Ruuhu | Medium | Reused (baseline) | 1,7,12,14 | Must be kept distinct from barke (marabout-associated blessing/power). |
| 14 | Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Joom | Critical | Reused (baseline) | throughout | Exclusive, supreme Lordship; avoid Laamiiɗo’s Sokoto Caliphate political resonance. |
| 15 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Yeesu | Medium | Reused (baseline) | throughout | Never the Quranic form Iisa in doctrinal exposition. |
| 16 | Christ (proper-name use) | Χριστός / Christos | Kiristu | Critical | Reused (baseline)* | throughout | *Per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standard (“Christ = Kiristu”); used when “Christ” functions as part of the proper name (e.g., “in Christ Jesus”). |
| 17 | Christ (messianic-title use) | Χριστός / Christos | Almasiihu | Critical | Reused (baseline) | 1,15 | Reserved for contexts emphasizing messianic fulfillment/title (e.g., 15:3, “Christ died… according to the Scriptures”); shared vocabulary with Quranic Isa al-Masih but not shared belief content — flag for theologian decision at each ambiguous occurrence. |
| 18 | God | θεός / theos | Alla | High | Reused (baseline) | throughout | Universal shared term; must be presented in explicitly Trinitarian, Christ-centered terms. |
| 19 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Ruuhu Ceniiɗo | Critical | Reused (baseline) | 2,3,6,12,14 | Always in full; never ruuhu alone; never jinna/jinnaaji. |
| 20 | (human) spirit | πνεῦμα / pneuma | ruuhu (lowercase, generic) | Medium | Reused (baseline, clarified) | 2,5,7,14 | Permitted for the human spirit specifically; must remain visibly distinct from Ruuhu Ceniiɗo by context/capitalization. |
| 21 | Father | πατήρ / patēr | Baaba | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,8 | Personal, relational Father. |
| 22 | Sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | bakkaatu | High | Reused (baseline) | 15 | Moral guilt before a personal God, stated explicitly (15:3, 15:17, 15:56). |
| 23 | Gentiles | ἔθνη / ethnē | leƴƴi goo | Medium | Reused (baseline) | 1,5,10,12 | Non-pejorative “other peoples” framing. |
| 24 | Glory | δόξα / doxa | manaango | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,2,10,11,15 | 15:40-43’s created-glory analogy is a new application; keep distinct from God’s own transcendent-glory sense. |
| 25 | Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ / dynamis theou | doole Alla | High | Reused (baseline) | 1,2,6,15 | Categorically distinct from barke; located paradoxically in the cross (1:24). |
| 26 | Messiah (doctrine name) | Χριστός / Mashiach | Almasiihu | Critical | Reused (baseline) | see #17 | See #17. |
| 27 | Prophet | προφήτης / prophētēs | annabi | Low/Medium | Reused (baseline) | 12,14 | Shared Islamic vocabulary; distinguish OT/NT prophetic office from Quranic prophetology. |
| 28 | Prophecy | προφητεία / prophēteia | annabaawo | Low/Medium | Reused (baseline) | 12,13,14 | Standard derived form. |
| 29 | Covenant / new covenant | διαθήκη, καινὴ διαθήκη | alkawal / alkawal kesol | Medium | Reused (baseline) | 11 | ”Alkawal Kesol” matches existing regional “New Testament” convention. |
| 30 | Israel | Ἰσραήλ / Israēl | Israa’iila | Medium | Reused (baseline) | 10 | Historical covenant people referent; distinguish from modern state name. |
| 31 | Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία / eucharistia | yettoore | Low | Reused (baseline) | 1,11,14 | Standard term, minor risk. |
| 32 | Exhort / appeal | παρακαλέω / parakaleō | wallitde / torraade | Low/Medium | Reused (baseline) | 1,4,16 | Context-sensitive per baseline: torraade for urgent appeal (1:10), wallitde for edification. |
| 33 | Factionalism / division | σχίσμα / schisma | taƴre hakkunde mon | High | New (this curriculum) | 1,3 | Risk of being processed through real Fulani clan/lineage rivalry (leñol) dynamics rather than theological terms. |
| 34 | Wisdom (of God) | σοφία / sophia | ñeeñal / ñeeñal Alla | High | New (this curriculum) | 1,2,3 | hikima (Arabic, shared with Islamic hikma attribute) rejected as primary — risks collapsing Paul’s cross-paradox into generic “God’s inscrutable ways.” |
| 35 | Foolishness | μωρία / mōria | ngalaa hakkille | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 1 | Ironic “foolishness of God” (1:25) risks being heard as literal blasphemy against Tawhid-guarded divine perfection unless framed explicitly as irony. |
| 36 | Cross | σταυρός / stauros | kuruusu | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 1,2,(5,11,15 implied) | Names the very crucifixion event Quran 4:157 denies occurred. |
| 37 | Boasting | καυχάομαι / kauchaomai | mantugol hoore | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 1,3,4,5,9,13,15 | Resonates usefully with Pulaaku’s semteende (modesty) critique of self-praise; care needed at 1:31’s positive “boast in the Lord.” |
| 38 | Spiritual / natural (person) | πνευματικός / ψυχικός | neɗɗo Ruuhu / neɗɗo ɓanndu | High | New (this curriculum) | 2,3,15 | No crystallized Fulfulde anthropological term; must not imply two classes of people. |
| 39 | Mystery | μυστήριον / mystērion | gundu | High | New (this curriculum) | 2,4,13,14,15 | sirru (Arabic, Sufi esoteric-knowledge connotation) rejected as primary. |
| 40 | Rulers of this age | ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | laamɓe ndunɗam ngoo | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 2 | Includes both human and spiritual authority senses (2:8). |
| 41 | Mind (of Christ) | νοῦς / nous | hakkille | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 2 | Shares root with “conscience” (#48) and Pulaaku wisdom-value; distinguish by context. |
| 42 | Temple (of God / of the Spirit) | ναός / naos | suudu Alla | High | New (this curriculum) | 3,6 | Must stay distinct from moosaale (mosque); corporate (3:16) vs. individual-body (6:19) senses must be distinguished. |
| 43 | Foundation | θεμέλιος / themelios | fiɓnde | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 3 | Architectural metaphor for Christ as sole legitimate basis. |
| 44 | Jealousy / strife | ζῆλος / ἔρις | ŋiñtinaare / haɓde | High | New (this curriculum) | 1,3 | Same clan-rivalry grounded reason as #33. |
| 45 | Steward / servant (ministry sense) | οἰκονόμος, ὑπηρέτης | jaɓɗo golle Alla / gollotoodo Almasiihu | High | New (this curriculum) | 4 | maccuɗo (slave-caste term, maccuɓe) deliberately rejected — see caste-vocabulary risk axis §0.1. |
| 46 | Sexual immorality | πορνεία / porneia | jina | High | New (this curriculum) | 5,6,7 | Shared with Islamic legal category zina; must not import Sharia hudud-punishment framework into NT redemptive church discipline. |
| 47 | Leaven / Passover | ζύμη, πάσχα | lewñi / Paska | High | New (this curriculum) | 5 | Eid al-Adha bridge is tempting but theologically distinct (no atoning effect); use deliberately, not assumed. |
| 48 | Hand over to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | rokkude Sayɗaan | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 5 | Risk of conflation with regional jinn-curse/marabout-curse folk practices; redemptive intent (repentance) must be explicit. |
| 49 | Bought with a price | ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς / ēgorasthēte timēs | (on) coodaama e coggu | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 6,7 | Sharpest instance of the caste-vocabulary risk axis §0.1; mandatory joint theologian + native-speaker review. |
| 50 | Slave / free (person) | δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος | [bespoke descriptive — do NOT use maccuɗo/rimɓe/ndimaagu] | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 7 | Both literal Fulfulde equivalents are simultaneously live hereditary caste-status terms (maccuɓe/rimɓe); requires bespoke, jointly-confirmed rendering. |
| 51 | Marriage | γάμος / gamos | resoore | High | New (this curriculum) | 7 | Paul’s commendation of singleness collides with strong Fulani lineage/marriage cultural value. |
| 52 | Unmarried | ἄγαμος / agamos | non-resowaaɗo | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 7 | Provisional descriptive compound. |
| 53 | Virgin | παρθένος / parthenos | suka debbo / wondiindo | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 7 | Standard descriptive term. |
| 54 | Divorce / separate | χωρίζω, ἀπολύω | seerude | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 7 | 7:12-16 mixed-marriage teaching needs pastoral sensitivity for converts within Muslim-majority families. |
| 55 | Redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις / apolytrōsis | fansaare | High | New (this curriculum) | 1 (1:30) | Ransom/manumission metaphor intersects with caste-vocabulary risk axis §0.1. |
| 56 | Idol | εἴδωλον / eidōlon | sanamu | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 8,10,12 | Genuine common ground with Islamic idol-condemnation; deeper “idol is nothing yet demons real” argument (ch.10) needs added nuance. |
| 57 | Food sacrificed to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον / eidōlothyton | teew hebbinaangal sanamuuji | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 8,10 | Provisional descriptive compound. |
| 58 | Knowledge | γνῶσις / gnōsis | anndal | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 1,8,12,13,14 | Sets up ch.13’s love-vs-knowledge/gifts contrast. |
| 59 | Conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | hakkille | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 8,10 | Shares root with #41 and Pulaaku’s hakkille wisdom-value; distinguish “weak conscience” from lacking cultural wisdom. |
| 60 | Stumbling block | πρόσκομμα / proskomma | sakkitagol | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 8,10 | Descriptive term. |
| 61 | Right / authority (apostolic) | ἐξουσία / exousia | hakke | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 9 | Distinct from doole (God’s power, reserved). |
| 62 | Self-control | ἐγκράτεια / enkrateia | jogaade hoore | Low/Medium | New (this curriculum) | 9 | Positive resonance with Pulaaku’s munyal; anchor to “imperishable crown” (9:25), not left as purely cultural-honor value. |
| 63 | Participation (deeper koinōnia sense) | κοινωνία / koinōnia | diisnondiral (reused, contextually deepened) | High | Reused (baseline), contextual flag | 10 | 10:16’s sacramental participation sense is deeper than the general “fellowship” sense (1:9); same word, added teaching required. |
| 64 | Demons | δαιμόνια / daimonia | jinnaaji / seytaanuuji | High | New (this curriculum) | 10 | Unlike Holy Spirit (never jinn), jinn-vocabulary IS permitted here — clarify this dual rule explicitly in AI instructions. |
| 65 | Table of the Lord / of demons | τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων | taabal Joom / taabal jinnaaji | High | New (this curriculum) | 10 | Must be distinguished from real regional spirit-appeasement food-offering practices. |
| 66 | Head (headship) | κεφαλή / kephalē | hoore | High | New (this curriculum) | 11 | Intersects with existing patriarchal Fulani family structure; teach full canonical balance (11:3, 11:11-12). |
| 67 | Head covering | κατακαλύπτω / katakalyptō | hoɓɓude hoore | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 11 | Existing Islamic veiling practice among Fulani Muslim women requires careful contextualization, not wholesale conflation. |
| 68 | Body / blood (Lord’s Supper) | σῶμα / αἷμα | ɓalndu / ƴiiƴam | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 11 | Blood-consumption is haram in Islamic dietary law (Quran 5:3); compounds crucifixion-denial risk (#36 and baseline resurrection entry). |
| 69 | Unworthy manner | ἀναξίως / anaxiōs | e nder jeytaare bonɗi | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 11 | Provisional descriptive compound. |
| 70 | Discerning the body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | annditugol ɓalndu Joom | High | New (this curriculum) | 11 | Ambiguous referent (elements vs. church-as-body); flag for theologian decision. |
| 71 | Body of Christ (corporate) | σῶμα Χριστοῦ / sōma Christou | ɓalndu Almasiihu | High | New (this curriculum) | 12 | No ready cultural precedent in clan/lineage-based Fulani social organization; requires full explanatory development. |
| 72 | Members (of the body) | μέλη / melē | geɗe ɓalndu | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 12 | Standard descriptive extension of #71. |
| 73 | Word of wisdom | λόγος σοφίας | haala ñeeñal | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 12 | Sub-gift of #34. |
| 74 | Word of knowledge | λόγος γνώσεως | haala anndal | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 12 | Sub-gift of #58. |
| 75 | Gifts of healing | χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων | dokkal cellal | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 12 | Sub-gift of #13. |
| 76 | Workings of miracles | ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων | kuuɗe doole | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 12 | Avoid barke-style power-display association. |
| 77 | Discerning of spirits | διακρίσεις πνευμάτων | seɓɓitugol ruuhuji | High | New (this curriculum) | 12 | Adjacent to jinn/spirit-belief folk world; teach as doctrinal discernment, not folk spirit-detection. |
| 78 | Kinds of tongues | γένη γλωσσῶν | ɗemɗe kese | High | New (this curriculum) | 12,13,14 | Distinguish from ordinary multilingualism and from folk ecstatic-speech practice. |
| 79 | Interpretation of tongues | ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν | firo ɗemɗe | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 12,14 | Standard “translation/interpretation” term. |
| 80 | Baptism | βαπτίζω / baptizō | batisim / loowdi Ruuhu | High | New (this curriculum) — BASELINE GAP | 1,12 (also 10:2, 15:29) | Absent from Romans baseline; must be distinguished from wuduu/ghusl ritual ablution (external, repeated) — extends the sanctification/laaɓal distinction already established. |
| 81 | Angels | ἄγγελοι / angeloi | malaykaaji | Low/Medium | New (this curriculum) | 13 | Shared ground with Islamic angelology; roles/nature not fully identical. |
| 82 | Love | ἀγάπη / agapē | giggol | Critical | New (this curriculum) | 8,13,14,16 | Risk of defaulting to romantic/marital-affection register given proximity to ch.7 and daily-speech usage; requires mandatory theologian + native-speaker confirmation. |
| 83 | Edification / building up | οἰκοδομή / oikodomē | semmbinondiral | Low | Reused (baseline, doctrine-layer) | 3,8,10,14 | From Romans mutual_edification doctrine entry; governs how gifts should be exercised (14:26). |
| 84 | Order | τάξις / taxis | jeytaare | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 14 | Provisional term for orderly worship conduct. |
| 85 | Women’s silence instruction | σιγάτωσαν / sigatōsan | [descriptive, context-dependent] | High | New (this curriculum) | 14 | Intersects with #66 headship and existing gendered social order; requires full canonical framing (cf. 11:5). |
| 86 | Resurrection (of the dead) | ἀνάστασις (νεκρῶν) / anastasis | immorde e maayde | Critical | Reused (baseline) | 15 | Quran 4:157’s denial of the crucifixion undercuts the resurrection claim; state plainly per baseline instruction. |
| 87 | Firstfruits | ἀπαρχή / aparchē | arannde dimɗe | High | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Guarantee-logic (not mere sequence) must be taught explicitly. |
| 88 | Adam (last Adam) | Ἀδάμ / Adam | Aadamu | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Shared Quranic name; Adam-Christ covenant-headship typology has no Islamic parallel and needs full explanation. |
| 89 | Natural body / spiritual body | σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν | ɓalndu ɓanndu / ɓalndu Ruuhu | High | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Novel resurrection-body ontology; must not be read as reincarnation. |
| 90 | Perishable / imperishable | φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος | ko bonata / ko bonataa | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Provisional descriptive compounds. |
| 91 | Mystery (eschatological) | μυστήριον / mystērion | gundu | High | New (this curriculum) — reuses #39 | 15 | Same term/reason as #39. |
| 92 | Trumpet (last trumpet) | σάλπιγξ / salpinx | waamde | Low | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Positive resonance: existing Fulani pastoralist signaling-horn instrument category. |
| 93 | Sting (of death) | κέντρον / kentron | ñaaƴre | Low | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Standard descriptive term. |
| 94 | Victory | νῖκος / nikos | jaɓɓaari / ɓaawal | Low | New (this curriculum) | 15 | Standard term. |
| 95 | Collection (for the saints) | λογία / logia | hoɓɓal jawdi | Low/Medium | New (this curriculum) | 16 | Positive resonance with existing Fulani mutual-aid/resource-sharing customs. |
| 96 | Maranatha | Μαρανα θα / Marana tha | Maraanata | Low | New (this curriculum) | 16 | Aramaic preserved untranslated, per baseline’s Abba precedent; gloss on first use. |
| 97 | Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον / philēma hagion | fooftannde ceniinde | Medium | New (this curriculum) | 16 | Cultural-adaptation note re: Pulaaku semteende (modesty) and existing greeting customs, not a doctrinal risk. |
Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | #2,6,14,16,17,19,26,35,36,48,49,50,68,82,86 (some rows share a risk reason; unique Critical concepts: Grace, Salvation, Lord, Christ [both senses], God-as-Trinitarian-referent via Holy Spirit entry, Foolishness-of-God paradox, Cross, Hand-over-to-Satan, Bought-with-a-price, Slave/free caste terms, Body/Blood of the Supper, Love, Resurrection) |
| High | 34 | Includes all new caste-vocabulary-axis terms (#45,49,50,55,68), all Christology-adjacent new terms (#38,66,70,71,89), and multiple baseline-reused High-risk terms carried into new contexts (#63) |
| Medium | 41 | Mostly provisional descriptive compounds requiring native-speaker confirmation before Phase 2 deployment |
| Low | 9 | Includes standard, low-ambiguity terms and two identified positive cultural-resonance opportunities (#62 self-control/munyal, #92 trumpet/waamde) |
New Terms Requiring Translation Memory Update Before Phase 2
The following terms (all rows marked “New (this curriculum)” above) are not present in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json and must be added, versioned, and flagged for theologian + native-speaker review per the procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions,” before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Corinthians begins: items #33–97 in the table above, with items #35, #36, #48, #49, #50, #68, and #82 requiring mandatory human theologian review as Critical-risk new entries, and #34, #38, #39, #42, #45, #55, #59, #64, #65, #66, #70, #71, #77, #78, #80, #87, #89, #91 requiring human theologian review as High-risk new entries.
Cross-Reference to Doctrine Layer
The doctrines named in the curriculum parameters map to this glossary’s terms as follows (full doctrine-risk entries to be produced in the corresponding doctrine_risk_registry.json update for this curriculum):
- The Resurrection of Christ and Believers → #14 (Lord), #16/#17 (Christ), #86 (Resurrection), #87 (Firstfruits), #88 (Adam), #89 (natural/spiritual body), #90 (perishable/imperishable) — Critical
- Christian Unity versus Factionalism → #33 (division), #37 (boasting), #44 (jealousy/strife) — High
- The Cross as Wisdom and Power → #34 (wisdom), #35 (foolishness), #36 (cross), #25 (power of God) — Critical
- Church Discipline and Holiness → #46 (sexual immorality), #47 (Passover), #48 (hand over to Satan), #9/#10/#11 (holy/saints/sanctification, reused) — Critical/High
- Marriage and Singleness → #51–54 (marriage, unmarried, virgin, divorce), #50 (slave/free, contextually) — High/Critical
- Christian Liberty and Idol Meat → #56/#57 (idol, idol food), #59 (conscience), #60 (stumbling block), #49/#50 (bought with a price, slave/free) — Critical
- The Lord’s Supper → #68 (body/blood), #29 (new covenant), #69/#70 (unworthy manner, discerning the body) — Critical
- Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ → #13 (spiritual gifts), #71/#72 (body of Christ, members), #73–79 (gift sub-list), #80 (baptism) — High
- Love as the Greater Way → #82 (love), #58 (knowledge, contrastively) — Critical
- Order in Worship → #66/#67 (headship, head covering), #84 (order), #85 (women’s silence instruction) — High
End of 08_core_glossary.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Arjunde
Transliteration: arjunde
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: yurmeende (reserve for mercy/compassion generally), barke (blessing/marabout-power, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). CRITICAL at 15:10, the core passage: the rhetorical order of ‘his grace was not in vain… I worked harder than all of them’ must preserve grace-produces-labor causation, never labor-earns-grace; word order in Fulfulde could otherwise silently reverse this into the deeds-responsive framework arjunde already risks under baseline notes.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kisal
Transliteration: kisal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dancal (protection, never as stand-alone substitute), aljanna (paradise, never as stand-alone gloss)
Original: σωτηρία / σώζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). CRITICAL at 15:2: present-tense continuing salvation (‘you are being saved’) must not collapse into either a static one-time ‘ticket’ idea or an ongoing Islamic deeds-weighing idea; both readings are live risks requiring explicit correction. Also occurs 1:18,21; 3:15; 5:5; 7:16; 9:22; 10:33.
Lord
Approved rendering: Joom
Transliteration: Joom
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Laamiiɗo (reserve for political ruler, avoid as primary term for divine Lordship)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Used throughout, including the Lord’s table (10:21) and the Lord’s Supper (11:20-27). CRITICAL at 12:3: ‘Yeesu ko Joom’ (‘Jesus is Lord’) must use the identical construction already fixed for Romans 10:9 — no new phrasing may be introduced for this curriculum, per the theological consistency rule requiring identical rendering of this confession across all documents.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kiristu
Transliteration: Kiristu
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package transliteration standard (‘Christ = Kiristu’). Used when ‘Christ’ functions as part of a proper name (e.g., ‘Christ Jesus,’ ‘in Christ’) rather than as an explicit messianic-title assertion; see ‘messiah’ entry for the title-emphasis use.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Almasiihu
Transliteration: Almasiihu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Reserved for contexts emphasizing messianic fulfillment/title, notably 15:3 (‘Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures’) and 15:22. Shared vocabulary with the Quranic Isa al-Masih but not shared belief content: Islamic theology denies his divinity, atoning death, and resurrection while still calling him ‘the Messiah.’ Flag ambiguous occurrences for theologian decision between Kiristu and Almasiihu.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Transliteration: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ruuhu (never use alone for the Holy Spirit), jinna/jinnaaji (never use for the Holy Spirit under any circumstance)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged), with a NEW DUAL RULE established for this curriculum: jinn-vocabulary (jinnaaji/seytaanuuji) IS permitted elsewhere in this book for daimonia/‘demons’ (10:20-21 only — see that entry), but remains absolutely forbidden for the Holy Spirit at every occurrence, including 2:10-13, 3:16, 6:19, 12:3-13. Indwells both the corporate church (3:16) and the individual believer’s body (6:19), and distributes gifts (12:4-11).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: immorde e maayde
Transliteration: immorde e maayde
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: immorde ka maayde (dialectal variant, confirm regionally)
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). This is the core-passage doctrine (15:1-11) and the letter’s argumentative hinge (15:12-19: if Christ is not raised, believers’ hope collapses). Mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 denies the crucifixion occurred at all, directly denying the death this resurrection claim depends on; the repeated verb ‘appeared’ (feeñi, 15:5-8) must consistently denote a real, visible, bodily appearance to named eyewitnesses, never a formulation compatible with a merely spiritual/visionary reading. Must be stated plainly throughout chs. 15, never softened or assumed uncontested.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: ngalaa hakkille
Transliteration: ngalaa hakkille
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL: used ironically both of the cross’s reception by unbelievers (1:18,23) and provocatively of ‘the foolishness of God’ (1:25) as wiser than human wisdom. Attributing ‘foolishness’ to God, even ironically, risks being heard — by readers formed in a Tawhid tradition that guards Allah’s attributes (including hikma, perfect wisdom) from any hint of imperfection — as literal blasphemy rather than deliberate Pauline irony. Must be taught with explicit, quotation-marked, contrastive framing at every occurrence.
Cross
Approved rendering: kuruusu
Transliteration: kuruusu
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL: names the very crucifixion event Quran 4:157 denies occurred (‘it was made to appear so to them’). Every occurrence (1:17,18; 2:2; implied at 5:7, 11:23-26, 15:3) must be handled with the same directness the baseline requires for the resurrection — stated plainly, never softened into pure metaphor.
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: rokkude Sayɗaan
Transliteration: rokkude Sayɗaan
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Discipline
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL: a redemptive act of church discipline (5:5), aimed at repentance (‘that his spirit may be saved’). Risks conflation with real, active regional folk-Islamic practices of jinn-invocation or marabout-administered curses against a wrongdoer. Must be taught with explicit, repeated contrast against any curse/exorcism framework.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: on coodaama e coggu
Transliteration: on coodaama e coggu
Doctrine: Redemption: Bought with a Price
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL: commercial purchase/manumission language applied metaphorically to believers’ belonging to Christ (6:20, resumed 7:23). The sharpest instance of the caste-vocabulary risk axis in the letter — must never be allowed to imply anything about the spiritual worth, status, or caste-category of any actual person or lineage. Mandatory joint theologian + native-speaker review before deployment.
Slave Free
Approved rendering: [bespoke descriptive compound — pending mandatory joint theologian/native-speaker confirmation; do NOT substitute maccuɗo/maccuɓe or rimɓe/ndimaagu]
Doctrine: The Slave/Free Metaphor and Christian Liberty
Rejected alternatives: maccuɗo/maccuɓe (hereditary slave-descended caste term, forbidden as primary rendering), rimɓe/ndimaagu (hereditary free-born-caste status term, forbidden as primary rendering)
Original: δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος
Category: Liberty
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL FLAG: both readily-available literal Fulfulde words for ‘slave’ and ‘free person’ are simultaneously the exact hereditary caste-status terms of traditional Fulani society. Using either as a direct rendering of Paul’s first-century social-legal category (7:21-23; 9:19; 12:13) risks the text being heard as directly addressing, endorsing, or destabilizing the real, present-day caste hierarchy. NO SEGMENT containing this term may be finalized without bespoke descriptive-compound rendering jointly confirmed by a Fulfulde-speaking theologian and a native speaker aware of contemporary caste sensitivities.
Body Blood Supper
Approved rendering: ɓalndu / ƴiiƴam
Transliteration: ɓalndu / ƴiiƴam
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL, compounding two sensitivities: (1) Islamic dietary law expressly forbids consuming blood (Quran 5:3), risking revulsion/confusion unless framed explicitly as symbolic remembrance, never literal consumption; (2) this language is bound to the crucifixion event Quran 4:157 denies occurred, compounding the resurrection-doctrine risk. Must be taught with direct explanation of the symbolic-remembrance nature of the meal (11:24-25).
Love
Approved rendering: giggol
Transliteration: giggol
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
New for this curriculum. CRITICAL: ch.13’s comprehensive description of selfless, others-oriented, covenantal love, set explicitly above spiritual gifts and knowledge and as ‘the greatest’ of faith, hope, and love (13:13). giggol is Fulfulde’s primary daily-speech term for romantic/marital affection; given this chapter’s structural proximity to ch.7’s marriage discussion, there is a real risk that readers hear giggol as being ‘about marriage’ rather than Paul’s specific meaning. MANDATORY theologian and native-speaker joint confirmation and first-use glossing required in every document before deployment.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Linjiila
Transliteration: Linjiila
Doctrine: Gospel Tradition and Its Transmission
Rejected alternatives: kabaaru moƴƴo (acceptable as an explanatory gloss, ‘good news’)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 1 Corinthians 15:3-5 gives Paul’s own explicit content-definition of Linjiila (death for sins, burial, resurrection, appearances) — use this as a direct teaching opportunity to fill the term with Pauline content rather than leaving it to default to Islamic al-Injil/tahrif associations or a generic ‘good news’ sense.
Faith
Approved rendering: gomɗinal
Transliteration: gomɗinal
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: hoolaare (trust, acceptable supporting synonym)
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 15:2,14,17 faith’s validity is tied explicitly to the historical truth of the resurrection, not sincerity of devotion alone (gomɗinal ngalaa nafa, ‘faith without benefit,’ 15:2) — a needed corrective given regional emphasis on sincerity of religious devotion (ibada) as sufficient in itself.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: peewal
Transliteration: peewal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: nunɗal (fairness/justice, too civic)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Named at 1:30 as one of the gifts believers have ‘in Christ Jesus,’ alongside sanctification and redemption.
Justification
Approved rendering: waɗugol peewal
Transliteration: waɗugol peewal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: yaafuyee (forgiveness, too narrow)
Original: ἐδικαιώθητε
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 6:11 forms part of the triad ‘washed, sanctified, justified’ describing conversion; must not be abbreviated to mere forgiveness — the forensic ‘declared righteous’ sense must be retained in that triad.
Apostle
Approved rendering: nulaaɗo
Transliteration: nulaaɗo
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasuulu (never use; reserved in Islamic usage for Muhammad)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 15:5-9 names the fixed, nameable body of resurrection eyewitnesses grounding Paul’s own late, grace-given apostleship; must be maintained consistently at 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-5; 12:28-29.
Called
Approved rendering: noddaaɗo
Transliteration: noddaaɗo
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: torraaɗo (invited, too weak)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, with an ADDED fourth sense for this curriculum not present in the Romans baseline notes: one’s social/marital/legal state-of-life at conversion (7:17-24, ‘the condition in which he was called’). This state-of-life sense must be kept visibly distinct from the apostleship-calling sense (15:9) and the salvation/sainthood-calling sense (1:2,9) so readers do not conclude their social station itself is the object of God’s saving call.
Calling
Approved rendering: noddaandi
Transliteration: noddaandi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, with the same new state-of-life sense (7:17-24) added for this curriculum as under ‘called’ above.
Holy
Approved rendering: ceniiɗo
Transliteration: ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓɗo (physically/ritually clean, reserve for wuduu-type contexts only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Applied to the individual body as the Spirit’s dwelling (6:19) and to marriage partners/children in a mixed marriage (7:14); must convey moral/relational set-apartness, kept distinct from laaɓɗo.
Saints
Approved rendering: seniiɓe
Transliteration: seniiɓe
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Corporate designation, e.g. 1:2, 6:1-2 (lawsuits ‘before the saints’), 16:1 (the collection for the saints); not an ascetic elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ceniinde
Transliteration: ceniinde
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓal (ritual/ceremonial purification associated with wuduu, avoid as substitute)
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιάσθητε
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 1:2,30 and 6:11 believers are described as sanctified in Christ; must be kept distinct from laaɓal — the Spirit’s internal moral work, not external ritual purification.
God
Approved rendering: Alla
Transliteration: Alla
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Referenced throughout, including as ‘God the Father’ (8:6) alongside ‘one Lord, Jesus Christ’ — the passage in this book with the single greatest surface overlap with the Islamic shahada-style monotheistic confession; must be rendered as one unified Trinitarian-shaped statement, not two sequential confessions.
Father
Approved rendering: Baaba
Transliteration: Baaba
Doctrine: God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Used at 1:3 and within 8:6’s unified monotheistic-Trinitarian confession.
Sin
Approved rendering: bakkaatu
Transliteration: bakkaatu
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: fenaande (mistake/lie, too weak)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 15:3 (‘Christ died for our sins’), the substitutionary force of ‘wonande bakkaatuuji amen’ (‘on behalf of our sins’) must be taught explicitly, since Islamic soteriology has no vicarious-atonement category; also 15:17, 15:56.
Glory
Approved rendering: manaango
Transliteration: manaango
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: teddungal (reserve for human/Pulaaku honor-dignity, avoid as primary term for God’s own glory)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged), with a NEW extended application flagged for this curriculum: 15:40-43 applies the term analogically to degrees of created glory (sun, moon, stars) illustrating resurrection-body transformation — a distinct sense from God’s own transcendent glory (2:8, 10:31, 11:7) and must not be confused with it in teaching.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: doole Alla
Transliteration: doole Alla
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: barke (marabout-associated spiritual power/blessing, never use)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 1:18,24 located paradoxically ‘in the cross’; at 2:5, 4:20, 6:14 tied to the gospel’s effect and the resurrection. Categorically distinct from barke; the paradox that God’s power is located in a crucified Messiah’s apparent weakness must be taught as genuine paradox, not resolved away.
Fellowship Koinonia
Approved rendering: diisnondiral
Transliteration: diisnondiral
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Inherited from Romans package (general fellowship sense, Low risk there), with a CONTEXTUAL FLAG raised to High for this curriculum: at 10:16 the sense is deeper and sacramental/participatory (‘the cup… is it not a participation in the blood of Christ?’), not merely the general social-fellowship sense used at 1:9. The same lexical choice must be reused per the hard rule against substitution, but supplementary teaching is required to convey the deeper sense at 10:16.
Factionalism
Approved rendering: taƴre hakkunde mon
Transliteration: taƴre hakkunde mon
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
New for this curriculum. The letter’s opening crisis — rival loyalty groups within one congregation (1:10-12; 3:3-4; 11:18). Fulani society is organized around clan/lineage loyalty (leñol) with real, live inter-clan and inter-caste rivalry dynamics; ‘division in the church’ risks being processed through this honor/loyalty lens rather than the specific theological failure Paul names (elevating human teachers above Christ’s singular Lordship). Must be explicitly distinguished from leñol dynamics in teaching.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: ñeeñal / ñeeñal Alla
Transliteration: ñeeñal / ñeeñal Alla
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: hikima (Arabic, shared with Islamic hikma, an attribute of Allah, and Sufi wisdom-teaching; rejected as primary rendering)
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
New for this curriculum. ñeeñal (native root) preferred as base term, ñeeñal Alla for the theological sense (1:18-2:16). hikima is rejected as primary because it risks collapsing Paul’s specific cross-centered paradox into a generic ‘God’s ways are mysterious’ idea rather than the concrete claim that the crucified Christ is God’s wisdom.
Spiritual Natural Person
Approved rendering: neɗɗo Ruuhu / neɗɗo ɓanndu
Transliteration: neɗɗo Ruuhu / neɗɗo ɓanndu
Doctrine: The Hidden-Now-Revealed Mystery of the Gospel
Original: πνευματικός / ψυχικός
Category: Anthropology
New for this curriculum. A technical Pauline anthropological pairing (2:14-15) distinguishing one who receives the Spirit’s things from one who does not, resumed at 15:44-46 as a category of resurrection body. Provisional descriptive compounds — no crystallized Fulfulde term exists; must not imply two fixed classes of PEOPLE (an elite spiritual caste vs. ordinary people), only the necessity of the Spirit’s illumination for anyone to receive the gospel.
Mystery
Approved rendering: gundu
Transliteration: gundu
Doctrine: The Hidden-Now-Revealed Mystery of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: sirru (Arabic, Sufi mystical/esoteric-knowledge connotation, accessible only to initiates via a marabout; rejected as primary)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
New for this curriculum. A truth once hidden in God’s plan, now openly disclosed through the gospel (2:7; 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51). sirru is rejected because Paul’s ‘mystery’ is openly, universally proclaimed (2:9-10), not privileged initiate-only knowledge.
Temple
Approved rendering: suudu Alla
Transliteration: suudu Alla
Doctrine: The Body as God’s Temple
Original: ναός
Category: Ecclesiology
New for this curriculum. Used of the whole congregation (3:16-17, corporate sense) and of the individual believer’s body (6:19, individual sense) as God’s/the Spirit’s dwelling. Must be kept clearly distinct from moosaale (mosque) and from any physical-shrine implication; the two senses must be distinguished for teaching clarity.
Jealousy Strife
Approved rendering: ŋiñtinaare / haɓde
Transliteration: ŋiñtinaare / haɓde
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ζῆλος / ἔρις
Category: Church
New for this curriculum. Named at 3:3 as evidence the Corinthians remain ‘of the flesh.’ Same clan/faction-rivalry grounded risk as ‘factionalism’: real inter-clan/caste rivalry dynamics in Fulani society risk absorbing this vocabulary into an ethnic-loyalty frame rather than the theological failure Paul names.
Steward Servant
Approved rendering: jaɓɗo golle Alla / gollotoodo Almasiihu
Transliteration: jaɓɗo golle Alla / gollotoodo Almasiihu
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: maccuɗo (deliberately rejected — the literal ‘servant/slave’ term tied to the maccuɓe hereditary slave-caste)
Original: οἰκονόμος / ὑπηρέτης
Category: Ministry
New for this curriculum. Applied to apostles as entrusted stewards of God’s mysteries (4:1-2). maccuɗo is deliberately rejected: applying it to apostolic ministry risks demeaning the office through unintended caste association, or being heard as claiming maccuɓe-caste status is spiritually paradigmatic. A dignity-preserving descriptive compound is used instead.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: jina
Transliteration: jina
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. At 5:1 (incest requiring church discipline), and more broadly 6:13,18; 7:2. jina is Arabic-derived, shared with the Islamic legal category zina, a defined Sharia offense with prescribed corporal/legal penalties. Importing jina risks importing that hudud-punishment framework rather than the NT’s redemptive, repentance-aimed church-discipline model (5:5, ‘that his spirit may be saved’); this distinction must be taught explicitly at every occurrence.
Leaven Passover
Approved rendering: lewñi / Paska
Transliteration: lewñi / Paska
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: ζύμη / πάσχα
Category: Covenant
New for this curriculum. 5:6-8, ‘Christ our Passover lamb has been sacrificed.’ lewñi (yeast) requires explanation of Passover background, not native cultural knowledge. Paska offers a genuine but risky bridge to the Islamic festival Eid al-Adha (substitutionary animal sacrifice); the bridge should be used deliberately, since Eid al-Adha’s theology has no atoning effect for sin, unlike Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice.
Marriage
Approved rendering: resoore
Transliteration: resoore
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage
New for this curriculum. Ch. 7’s extended discussion, alongside Paul’s commendation of celibacy/singleness ‘for those who can accept it’ (7:7-8, 7:25-38), which runs directly against the strong Fulani pastoralist cultural value placed on marriage and childbearing for lineage continuity, herd inheritance, and clan identity. Requires careful, non-defensive teaching, not assumed neutral content.
Redemption
Approved rendering: fansaare
Transliteration: fansaare
Doctrine: Redemption: Bought with a Price
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
New for this curriculum. 1:30 names Christ as the believer’s righteousness, sanctification, and redemption in one compact formula. This ransom/manumission metaphor intersects directly with the caste-vocabulary risk axis; flag for theologian and native-speaker joint review before use, alongside ‘bought_with_a_price’ and ‘slave_free.‘
Demons
Approved rendering: jinnaaji / seytaanuuji
Transliteration: jinnaaji / seytaanuuji
Doctrine: Idolatry, Demons, and the Lord’s Table
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Spiritual Powers
New for this curriculum. 10:20-21, ‘the table of demons,’ ‘the cup of demons.’ IMPORTANT DUAL RULE: unlike the Holy Spirit (where jinn-vocabulary is FORBIDDEN, see ‘holy_spirit’), the regional folk-Islamic category of jinn IS here an appropriate point of contact for daimonia specifically, since Paul describes real malevolent spirits behind idol worship. This dual rule must be stated explicitly and consistently to translators.
Table Of Lord Demons
Approved rendering: taabal Joom / taabal jinnaaji
Transliteration: taabal Joom / taabal jinnaaji
Doctrine: Idolatry, Demons, and the Lord’s Table
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Lord’s Supper
New for this curriculum. 10:21, an exclusive-loyalty contrast: one cannot share both tables. Must be clearly distinguished from real regional spirit-appeasement food-offering practices; Paul’s exclusive-loyalty point must not be softened.
Head Headship
Approved rendering: hoore
Transliteration: hoore
Doctrine: Headship and Head Coverings in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
New for this curriculum. 11:3, ‘the head of Christ is God,’ ‘the head of a wife is her husband,’ balanced by mutual interdependence (11:11-12). Intersects with an already strongly patriarchal existing Fulani family/social structure; must be taught in full canonical balance, never reduced to reinforcing pre-existing hierarchy unqualified.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: annditugol ɓalndu Joom
Transliteration: annditugol ɓalndu Joom
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
New for this curriculum. 11:29, genuinely ambiguous in the source Greek itself between the elements, the church-as-body, or both. Flag for explicit theologian decision on which sense(s) this curriculum should teach; must not be silently resolved to one reading by default.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ɓalndu Almasiihu
Transliteration: ɓalndu Almasiihu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Ecclesiology
New for this curriculum. 12:12-27’s one-body/many-members metaphor. No ready cultural precedent exists in Fulani pastoralist social organization, which organizes identity around clan descent rather than functional interdependence; requires full explanatory development, comparable to the baseline’s treatment of ‘adoption.‘
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: seɓɓitugol ruuhuji
Transliteration: seɓɓitugol ruuhuji
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διακρίσεις πνευμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:10. This gift concerns discerning true from false SPIRITS, a category dangerously adjacent to the jinn/spirit-being folk-belief world; must be taught as Spirit-given discernment of doctrinal truth, not confused with folk spirit-detection or exorcism practices associated with marabouts.
Kinds Of Tongues
Approved rendering: ɗemɗe kese
Transliteration: ɗemɗe kese
Doctrine: Tongues, Prophecy, and Intelligibility in Worship
Original: γένη γλωσσῶν
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:10,28,30; regulated in ch.14. Must be clearly distinguished both from ordinary multilingualism (normal in Fulfulde-speaking Sahelian life) and from any folk-spiritist ecstatic-speech practice; Islamic religious practice has no directly comparable phenomenon, a genuinely novel category.
Baptism
Approved rendering: batisim / loowdi Ruuhu
Transliteration: batisim / loowdi Ruuhu
Doctrine: Baptism into One Body
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Sacraments
BASELINE GAP — new for this curriculum, absent from the Romans translation memory; must be treated as newly added, not previously confirmed. 12:13, ‘in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body’; also 1:13-17; 10:2; 15:29. Islamic ritual washing (wuduu/ghusl) is external, repeated ritual purification, categorically different from baptism’s once-for-all identification with Christ’s death/resurrection and incorporation into his body — extending the sanctification-vs-laaɓal distinction already established in the baseline explicitly to this term. Note also that 12:13’s own ‘slaves or free’ phrase triggers the caste-vocabulary risk axis and must use the bespoke rendering established under ‘slave_free,’ never maccuɓe/rimɓe.
Womens Silence Instruction
Approved rendering: [descriptive, context-dependent rendering — flag for theologian framing alongside 11:5]
Doctrine: Women’s Role in the Worship Assembly
Original: σιγάτωσαν
Category: Worship
New for this curriculum. 14:34-35, ‘let them be silent.’ Not a single crystallized term but a directive requiring careful contextual treatment. Intersects with ch.11’s headship discussion and an already strongly gendered Fulani social order; must be presented within full canonical context (including 11:5’s assumption that women do pray and prophesy in the assembly), never as an isolated, decontextualized rule. No segment may finalize this term without human theologian framing.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: arannde dimɗe
Transliteration: arannde dimɗe
Doctrine: Firstfruits and the Guarantee of Resurrection
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:20,23, ‘Christ the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.’ No single crystallized Fulfulde term exists; must be taught with its full logical force — GUARANTEE, not mere chronological sequence — rather than as a bare ‘he went first’ note.
Natural Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: ɓalndu ɓanndu / ɓalndu Ruuhu
Transliteration: ɓalndu ɓanndu / ɓalndu Ruuhu
Doctrine: The Future Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:44, a novel resurrection-body ontology: a real, transformed, imperishable BODY, not a disembodied spirit and emphatically not reincarnation. No ready cultural or religious category in either Islamic eschatology (differently grounded bodily resurrection) or traditional Fulani belief; must be explicitly distinguished from any reincarnation-adjacent reading.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: kawtal
Transliteration: kawtal
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Used throughout for the local congregation and, at 12:28 and 15:9, more broadly; must remain clearly distinct from moosaale.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dokkal Ruuhu
Transliteration: dokkal Ruuhu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: barke (marabout-associated blessing/spiritual power, never substitute)
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). The general term governing the enumerated gift-list of 12:8-10 (see individual sub-gift entries below) and discussed further at 1:7; 7:7; 14:1.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yeesu
Transliteration: Yeesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Iisa (Quranic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Used throughout the letter; never the Quranic form Iisa in doctrinal exposition.
Human Spirit
Approved rendering: ruuhu
Transliteration: ruuhu
Doctrine: Anthropology
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: Anthropology
New clarifying entry for this curriculum, extending the Romans baseline’s Holy Spirit caution. Lowercase generic ruuhu is permitted ONLY for the human spirit/inner person (2:11; 5:5; 7:34; 14:14-15), and must remain visibly distinct from Ruuhu Ceniiɗo (Holy Spirit) by context and capitalization at every occurrence.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: leƴƴi goo
Transliteration: leƴƴi goo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 1:23, 5:1, 10:20, 12:2.
Prophet
Approved rendering: annabi
Transliteration: annabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Applied in this book to NT congregational prophets (12:28-29; 14:29-37), a distinct office from OT prophets; distinguish this book’s congregational-gift sense from Quranic prophetology’s superseding-book model.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: annabaawo
Transliteration: annabaawo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Listed among the gifts (12:10) and given extended treatment as the preferred edifying gift in ch.14.
Covenant
Approved rendering: alkawal / alkawal kesol
Transliteration: alkawal / alkawal kesol
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη / καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 11:25, ‘this cup is the new covenant in my blood’ — alkawal kesol matches the existing regional ‘New Testament’ translation convention (‘Alkawal Kesol’).
Israel
Approved rendering: Israa’iila
Transliteration: Israa’iila
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 10:18, ‘Consider the people of Israel,’ used as a wilderness-generation warning example requiring OT covenant-history background readers may know primarily through the differing Quranic narrative.
Boasting
Approved rendering: mantugol hoore
Transliteration: mantugol hoore
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum. At 1:29,31; 3:21; 4:7; 5:6; 9:15-16; 13:3; 15:31. Resonates usefully with Pulaaku’s semteende (modesty)‘s critique of self-praise — a genuine point of cultural contact — but care is needed at 1:31’s positive redirection (‘boast in the Lord’), which must not be misread as itself inappropriate self-assertion.
Rulers Of This Age
Approved rendering: laamɓe ndunɗam ngoo
Transliteration: laamɓe ndunɗam ngoo
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Spiritual Powers
New for this curriculum. 2:6,8. Must not be reduced only to literal human political rulers, since 2:8 links the phrase to spiritual as well as human agency behind the crucifixion.
Mind Of Christ
Approved rendering: hakkille
Transliteration: hakkille
Doctrine: The Hidden-Now-Revealed Mystery of the Gospel
Original: νοῦς Χριστοῦ
Category: Anthropology
New for this curriculum. 2:16. Shares its root with ‘conscience’ (8:7-12) and with Pulaaku’s own core wisdom-value hakkille; distinguish which specific sense is active at each occurrence, since a single word covers three distinct concepts in this letter.
Foundation
Approved rendering: fiɓnde
Transliteration: fiɓnde
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Ecclesiology
New for this curriculum. An architectural metaphor (3:10-11) for the sole legitimate basis of the church, explicitly identified as Christ; provisional term from fiɓ-, ‘to plant/fix firmly.‘
Unmarried
Approved rendering: non-resowaaɗo
Transliteration: non-resowaaɗo
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
New for this curriculum. 7:8, 7:32-34; provisional descriptive compound.
Virgin
Approved rendering: suka debbo / wondiindo
Transliteration: suka debbo / wondiindo
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
New for this curriculum. 7:25-38; standard descriptive term for an unmarried young woman.
Divorce Separate
Approved rendering: seerude
Transliteration: seerude
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω / ἀπολύω
Category: Marriage
New for this curriculum. 7:10-16, including marriage to an unbelieving spouse; requires particular pastoral sensitivity given the frequent real scenario of a Fulani convert married within a Muslim-majority family and community.
Idol
Approved rendering: sanamu
Transliteration: sanamu
Doctrine: Idol Meat and the Weaker Conscience
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Liberty
New for this curriculum. 8:1-13, 10:14-22, 12:2. Arabic-shared, common ground with Islamic idol-condemnation, giving Paul’s ‘an idol has no real existence’ (8:4) real cultural traction — but the deeper argument (idol-meat itself is not sin, yet demons may stand behind idols, ch.10) requires nuance beyond the shared starting point.
Food Sacrificed To Idols
Approved rendering: teew hebbinaangal sanamuuji
Transliteration: teew hebbinaangal sanamuuji
Doctrine: Idol Meat and the Weaker Conscience
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Liberty
New for this curriculum. 8:1-13; 10:25-28. Provisional descriptive compound.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: anndal
Transliteration: anndal
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum. 8:1, ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up,’ setting up the ch.13 love-versus-gifts/knowledge contrast structurally central to the letter.
Conscience
Approved rendering: hakkille
Transliteration: hakkille
Doctrine: Idol Meat and the Weaker Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Anthropology
New for this curriculum. 8:7-12; 10:25-29 (‘weak conscience’). Shares its root with ‘mind of Christ’ (2:16) and Pulaaku’s cultural wisdom-value hakkille; must not be misheard as merely ‘lacking Pulaaku wisdom’ rather than a genuinely theological category of a believer’s moral sensitivity still forming.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: sakkitagol
Transliteration: sakkitagol
Doctrine: Idol Meat and the Weaker Conscience
Original: πρόσκομμα
Category: Liberty
New for this curriculum. 8:9,13. Descriptive term for a cause of tripping/falling into sin.
Right Authority
Approved rendering: hakke
Transliteration: hakke
Doctrine: Apostolic Rights Voluntarily Foregone
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Ministry
New for this curriculum. 9:4-6,12,18. Distinct from doole (God’s power, reserved); this is a legal/moral entitlement term.
Self Control
Approved rendering: jogaade hoore
Transliteration: jogaade hoore
Doctrine: Apostolic Rights Voluntarily Foregone
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. 9:25, illustrated by an athlete’s discipline. Positive cultural resonance: connects naturally with Pulaaku’s core value of munyal (patient endurance/self-mastery); must be anchored explicitly to running ‘for an imperishable crown,’ not left as a purely cultural-honor value.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: hoɓɓude hoore
Transliteration: hoɓɓude hoore
Doctrine: Headship and Head Coverings in Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτω
Category: Worship
New for this curriculum. 11:5-7. Existing Islamic veiling practice among Fulani Muslim women carries distinct religious/cultural connotations; requires careful contextualization to avoid either wholesale endorsement of existing custom or presentation as an arbitrary, decontextualized rule.
Unworthy Manner
Approved rendering: e nder jeytaare bonɗi
Transliteration: e nder jeytaare bonɗi
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀναξίως
Category: Lord’s Supper
New for this curriculum. 11:27,29. Provisional descriptive compound.
Members Of Body
Approved rendering: geɗe ɓalndu
Transliteration: geɗe ɓalndu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Ecclesiology
New for this curriculum. 12:12-27. Standard descriptive extension of ‘body of Christ.‘
Word Of Wisdom
Approved rendering: haala ñeeñal
Transliteration: haala ñeeñal
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: λόγος σοφίας
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:8. Sub-gift of ‘wisdom.‘
Word Of Knowledge
Approved rendering: haala anndal
Transliteration: haala anndal
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: λόγος γνώσεως
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:8. Sub-gift of ‘knowledge.‘
Gifts Of Healing
Approved rendering: dokkal cellal
Transliteration: dokkal cellal
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:9,28,30. Sub-gift of ‘spiritual gifts.‘
Workings Of Miracles
Approved rendering: kuuɗe doole
Transliteration: kuuɗe doole
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:10,28-29. Must avoid any suggestion of barke-style power display, per baseline caution on ‘power of God.‘
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: firo ɗemɗe
Transliteration: firo ɗemɗe
Doctrine: Tongues, Prophecy, and Intelligibility in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New for this curriculum. 12:10,30; 14:5,13,26-28. firo (interpretation/translation) is a standard, low-risk term.
Order
Approved rendering: jeytaare
Transliteration: jeytaare
Doctrine: Order in Corporate Worship
Original: τάξις
Category: Worship
New for this curriculum. 14:40, ‘all things should be done decently and in order.’ Provisional term; the governing edification principle (semmbinondiral) should be taught as the criterion by which order itself is measured, not order for its own sake.
Adam
Approved rendering: Aadamu
Transliteration: Aadamu
Doctrine: Adam-Christ Covenant Headship Typology
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:21-22, 15:45-49, ‘the last Adam.’ Shared proper-name form with the Quranic Adam gives recognition, but the Adam-Christ covenant-headship typology has no parallel in Islamic theology’s account of Adam and requires full explanation, consistent with the baseline’s caution regarding David/Dawud.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: ko bonata / ko bonataa
Transliteration: ko bonata / ko bonataa
Doctrine: The Future Resurrection of Believers
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:42,50,53-54. Provisional descriptive compounds applied to the mortal body sown and the resurrection body raised.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: fooftannde ceniinde
Transliteration: fooftannde ceniinde
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Called, Gathered People
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New for this curriculum. 16:20. Not a doctrinal risk but a cultural-adaptation note: physical kissing as a greeting, especially cross-gender, sits in tension with Pulaaku’s semteende (modesty) norms; existing Fulani greeting customs should inform contextualization without losing the underlying instruction toward warm Christian affection.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: yettoore
Transliteration: yettoore
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). At 1:4,14; 14:18; 15:57. Standard term, minor risk only.
Exhort
Approved rendering: wallitde / torraade
Transliteration: wallitde / torraade
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Context-sensitive: torraade for urgent appeal (1:10), wallitde for edification (4:16; 16:15-16).
Edification
Approved rendering: semmbinondiral
Transliteration: semmbinondiral
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package doctrine-layer term (mutual_edification). Extended in this book as the explicit governing criterion for how spiritual gifts and worship practice should be exercised (14:3-5,12,26, ‘let all things be done for building up’).
Angels
Approved rendering: malaykaaji
Transliteration: malaykaaji
Doctrine: God
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: God
New for this curriculum. 13:1 (‘tongues of angels’); also 4:9; 6:3; 11:10. Arabic-shared, genuine common ground with Islamic angelology; roles/nature not fully identical between the two traditions.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: waamde
Transliteration: waamde
Doctrine: The Future Resurrection of Believers
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:52, ‘at the last trumpet.’ Positive cultural-resonance opportunity: waamde is an existing Fulani pastoralist signaling/ceremonial horn instrument, making this eschatological image unusually vivid and accessible.
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: ñaaƴre
Transliteration: ñaaƴre
Doctrine: The Future Resurrection of Believers
Original: κέντρον
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:55-56, ‘O death, where is your sting?’ Standard descriptive term.
Victory
Approved rendering: jaɓɓaari / ɓaawal
Transliteration: jaɓɓaari / ɓaawal
Doctrine: The Future Resurrection of Believers
Original: νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. 15:54,57. Victory over death and sin, given through Christ.
Collection
Approved rendering: hoɓɓal jawdi
Transliteration: hoɓɓal jawdi
Doctrine: The Collection for the Saints
Original: λογία
Category: Church
New for this curriculum. 16:1-4. Positive resonance with existing Fulani community mutual-aid customs around herding and clan resource-sharing.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: Maraanata
Transliteration: Maraanata
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Called, Gathered People
Original: Μαρανα θα
Category: Worship
New for this curriculum. 16:22, Aramaic ‘Our Lord, come!’, preserved untranslated in the Greek text itself. Transliteration, following the baseline’s established pattern for Aramaic terms of intimacy/urgency (cf. Abba, Romans 8:15); gloss on first use.
Referenced passages