Core Glossary
Core Glossary
2 Corinthians 1–13 | English → Fulfulde
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the whole book (chs. 1–13). Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Reused] and MUST use the exact recorded Fulfulde rendering; no alternative is permitted. Terms newly introduced by 2 Corinthians are marked [New] and are provisional pending the confirmation workflow specified in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions exactly: Critical = human theologian review mandatory; High = human theologian review required; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
Reused Baseline Terms (Romans TM) — carried forward unchanged
| Term | Greek (transliteration) | Fulfulde Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | Arjunde | Critical | Generosity and Grace in Giving; Reconciliation | 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13 |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | gomɗinal | High | Faith; Genuine vs False Apostleship | 1, 4, 5, 13 |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | peewal | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5, 6, 9 |
| Imputed Righteousness | ἐλογίσθη… δικαιοσύνην | peewal jibinaangal | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:21 |
| Justification | δικαίωσις (dikaiōsis) | waɗugol peewal | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5 |
| Salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | kisal | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 1, 6, 7 |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | nulaaɗo | High | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 1, 8, 11, 12 |
| Called/Calling | κλητός/κλῆσις | noddaaɗo/noddaandi | High | Apostolic Authority | 1 |
| Holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | ceniiɗo | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1, 6, 7, 13 |
| Saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | seniiɓe | High | Church as God’s People | 1, 8, 9, 13 |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) | ceniinde | High | New Creation in Christ | 7 |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | immorde e maayde | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 4, 5 |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Joom | Critical | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1–13 (pervasive) |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Ɓiɗɗo Alla | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | jam | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 1, 13 |
| Spiritual Gifts | χαρίσματα (charismata) | dokkal Ruuhu | Medium | Power in Weakness | 1, 12 |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία (eucharistia) | yettoore | Low | — | 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (koinōnia) | diisnondiral | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 1, 6, 8, 9, 13 |
| Church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | kawtal | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 1, 8, 11, 12 |
| Law | νόμος (nomos) | sariya | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | bakkaatu | High | Reconciliation with God | 5, 11 |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | leƴƴi goo | Medium | Mission | 11 |
| Glory | δόξα (doxa) | manaango | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old; Deity of Christ | 3, 4, 8 |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | doole Alla | High | Power in Weakness | 4, 6, 10, 12, 13 |
| Messiah/Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Almasiihu / Kiristu | Critical | Deity of Christ; Reconciliation | 1–13 (pervasive) |
| Prophet | προφήτης | annabi | Low | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 |
| Covenant | διαθήκη (diathēkē) | alkawal | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 |
| Election | ἐκλογή (eklogē) | suɓagol | High | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 11 (implied) |
| Intercession | ἔντευξις | torgol wonande | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 9, 13 |
| Providence | πρόνοια (pronoia) | welsindiigal Alla | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1 |
| Mission | ἀποστολή | yamiroore Linjiila | Medium | Mission | 10 |
| David | Δαυίδ | Daawuda | Low | — | (background) |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Israa’iila | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 3, 11 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Yeesu | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1–13 (pervasive) |
| God | θεός | Alla | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 1–13 (pervasive) |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Ruuhu Ceniiɗo | Critical | New Covenant vs. Old | 1, 3, 13 |
| Father | πατήρ | Baaba | High | Reconciliation with God | 1, 6, 13 |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | wallitde | Low | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 13 |
| Forgiveness | ἀφίημι/χαρίζομαι | yaafuyee | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2 |
New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians
| Term | Greek (transliteration) | Fulfulde Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation | καταλλαγή (katallagē) | artirgol e Alla | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5 | No Islamic soteriological equivalent (no mediated reconciliation act); mandatory theologian review |
| To reconcile | καταλλάσσω (katallassō) | artirde | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5 | Verb form of above; render imperative “be reconciled to God” (5:20) identically everywhere quoted |
| New Creation | καινὴ κτίσις (kainē ktisis) | tagoore hesere | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5 | Ontological remaking, not mere confessional conversion; provisional compound |
| Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | giggol / yiɗugol | High | Reconciliation; all doctrines (benediction) | 5, 13 | Not in Romans baseline; must be distinguished from hoolaare (trust) |
| Flesh (theological sense) | σάρξ (sarx) | ɓalli | High | New Creation; Power in Weakness | 5, 10, 11, 12 | Fixed collocation “hino yiyaa e ɓalli” for “according to the flesh” judgments |
| Affliction/Suffering | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | tampere | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 | Distinguish from fatalistic/impersonal suffering (natal/al-qadar caution) |
| Comfort | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | wallitaare | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 7 | New nominal form on baseline’s wallitde root; not passive calm (deeƴre rejected) |
| Ministry (general) | διακονία (diakonia) | golle diine | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3, 4, 5, 6, 11 | Reuses doctrine-registry phrase from baseline’s Christ-Centered Ministry entry |
| Letter (of the law) | γράμμα (gramma) | binndi | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 | Contrasted with Ruuhu Ceniiɗo (full form required, never bare “ruuhu”) |
| Veil | κάλυμμα (kalymma) | cuurki | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 | Must not conflate with Islamic modesty veiling (hijab/purdah) |
| Image (imago Dei) | εἰκών (eikōn) | yeru (Alla) | High | New Covenant vs. Old; Deity of Christ | 3, 4 | New doctrinal category absent from Islamic theology; keep distinct from natal (fate) |
| Freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | daɓɓitaare | Critical | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 | Deliberately avoids caste-linked dimo/rimɓe/maccuɓe vocabulary |
| Outer/Inner man | ἔξω/ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | neɗɗo peeñoowo / neɗɗo suuɗiiɗo | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4 | Avoid implying Greek body-soul dualism |
| Earthly tent | σκῆνος (skēnos) | suudu leydi | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5 | Positive pastoralist mobile-dwelling resonance |
| Eternal building | οἰκία/οἰκοδομή | galle Alla ngonaaɗo | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5 | — |
| Judgment seat | βῆμα (bēma) | kaɓirgal ñaawoore Almasiihu | High | Reconciliation with God | 5 | Distinguish from Yawm al-Qiyāmah deeds-weighing framework; standing already secure |
| Ambassador | πρεσβεύω (presbeuō) | nulaaɗo wonande Almasiihu | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5 | Must not blur with the distinct technical office of “apostle” (nulaaɗo) |
| New Covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | alkawal kesol | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 | Distinguish supersession logic from Quranic-style prophetology pattern |
| Old Covenant | παλαιὰ διαθήκη | alkawal ɓoggo | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 3 | — |
| Unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω (heterozygeō) | hoɗndirgol e keefeeru | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 6 | Positive yoke/team imagery; teach as moral not ethnic separation |
| Temple of God | ναὸς Θεοῦ (naos Theou) | suudu Alla | High | New Creation in Christ | 6 | Must not conflate with moosaale (mosque, forbidden per baseline) |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | tuubdi | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 7 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic tawba (meritorious human work); contrast required |
| Godly/Worldly grief | λύπη (lypē) | suno wonande Alla / suno aduna | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 7 | — |
| Sincerity | ἁπλότης/εἰλικρίνεια | goonga | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1, 2, 11 | Context-sensitive with “generosity” sense below |
| Generosity | ἁπλότης (giving context) | yeɗugol e ɓernde fof | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8, 9 | Same Greek word as sincerity; disambiguate per context |
| Equality/Fairness | ἰσότης (isotēs) | fotondiral | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8 | — |
| Cheerful giving | ἱλαρότης (hilarotēs) | weltaare yeɗugol | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9 | — |
| False apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι (pseudapostoloi) | nulaaɓe fenaaɓe | Critical | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 11 | Must not be heard as blanket attack on all non-Christian religious teachers |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς (Satanas) | Seytaane | High | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 2, 11, 12 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic Shaytan; referent broadly compatible, doctrine differs |
| Boasting | καύχησις/καυχάομαι | mantaari | High | Power in Weakness | 5, 10, 11, 12 | Collides with Pulaaku honor/shame code (teddungal); inversion must be taught explicitly |
| Weakness | ἀσθένεια (astheneia) | lo’ɗe | Critical | Power in Weakness | 11, 12 | Deliberate paradox vs. both Pulaaku honor-code and Islamic reform martial self-image |
| Thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | ŋacumi ɓalli | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12 | Idiomatic; reuses flagged ɓalli (flesh) term |
| Guarantee/Down payment | ἀρραβών (arrabōn) | sarti | High | Reconciliation with God | 1, 5 | Etymological cognate of Arabic commercial-law “ʿarbūn”; avoid purely transactional reading |
| Seal | σφραγίς (sphragis) | maandaari | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 1 | — |
| Aroma/Fragrance | ὀσμή/εὐωδία | usaare | Low | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2 | — |
| Strongholds | ὀχύρωμα (ochyrōma) | kaɓirɗe | High | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 10 | Warfare metaphor; disclaim any martial/jihad application explicitly |
| Paradise | παράδεισος (paradeisos) | Aljanna (qualified use only) | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12 | Cognate of Arabic firdaws; specific vision, not general afterlife promise |
| Examine/Test yourselves | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | ƴeewde hoore-mon | Medium | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 13 | Partial parallel to Islamic muhasaba; reframe as Christ’s presence, not deeds tally |
| Genuine/Approved | δόκιμος (dokimos) | jaɓaaɗo | Medium | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 13 | — |
| God of this age (Satan) | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | reyum jamaanu ɗii | Critical | Deity of Christ (by contrast) | 4 | NEVER render with Alla; qualified non-divine title required |
| Signs and wonders | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα | maandeeji e kaawisaaji | High | Genuine vs False Apostleship | 12 | Must not conflate with barke (marabout-associated power, forbidden per baseline) |
| Bride/One husband | (marriage imagery) | jom-suudu gooto | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 11 | Contrasts with normalized regional polygamy custom; pastoral framing only |
| Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | jaɓɓorgo senaadi (cultural adaptation) | Low-Medium | — | 13 | Cultural-adaptation matter re: Pulaaku semteende (modesty) norms |
Composite / Cross-Cutting Entries
| Term | Composition | Fulfulde Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς | golle diine wonande artirgol e Alla | Critical | Compound of two Critical terms; core-passage anchor (5:18) |
| Message/Word of Reconciliation | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | kabaaru artirgol e Alla | Critical | Compound; core-passage anchor (5:19) |
| Trinitarian Benediction | χάρις…/ἀγάπη…/κοινωνία… (13:14) | Arjunde + giggol + diisnondiral + Ruuhu Ceniiɗo | Critical (composite) | Render identically every time quoted, per baseline consistency rules |
| Not counting sin against them | μὴ λογιζόμενος… τὰ παραπτώματα | añtaa e bakkaatu maɓɓe | High | Related to but distinct from imputed_righteousness (positive ledger side) |
| Great Exchange | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν… δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ | waɗi Mo yeru bakkaatu ngam en… peewal jibinaangal | Critical | Doctrinal climax of 5:21; mandatory theologian review |
Chapters Reviewed With No New Load-Bearing Terms
No chapter in 2 Corinthians was found to introduce zero new theological vocabulary; every chapter (1–13) contributes at least one term captured above, either newly or by significant re-application of a baseline Romans term to a new doctrinal context (e.g., ch. 9’s extension of grace to generosity, or ch. 10’s extension of power of God to spiritual warfare). This is noted explicitly per the full-coverage mandate, since 2 Corinthians is a shorter, more thematically concentrated letter than Romans and does not contain “reuse-only” chapters of the kind found in some other New Testament books.
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json (Phase 1 Steps 2–3) before Phase 2 segment translation begins. All Critical and High risk new terms above require mandatory human theologian review before enforcement; all provisional descriptive compounds require additional native-speaker confirmation per the baseline’s thinner-tradition caveat.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Arjunde
Transliteration: arjunde
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: yurmeende (reserve for ‘mercy/compassion’ generally, not unmerited favor specifically), barke (blessing, never as a substitute)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] CRITICAL in 2 Corinthians 8-9 (giving) and 12:9 (fused with weakness): must be taught as grace producing generosity/sufficiency as fruit, never as responsive to piety, giving, or deeds — reinforcing rather than merely repeating the baseline’s Critical apart-from-works caution.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kisal
Transliteration: kisal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dancal (protection, never as a stand-alone substitute), aljanna (paradise, never as a stand-alone gloss for salvation itself)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 7:10 (‘salvation without regret’) and 6:2 (‘now is the day of salvation’) risk conflating kisal with tuubdi (repentance, shared vocabulary with Islamic tawba); must be stated that salvation flows from grace already secured (5:18-21), not from repentance’s merit.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: immorde e maayde
Transliteration: immorde e maayde
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: immorde ka maayde (dialectal variant, confirm regionally)
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Grounds Christ’s own resurrection (2 Corinthians 4:14; 5:15) and believers’ future bodily hope (4:14; 5:1-4); the Quran 4:157 crucifixion denial remains the live objection requiring plain historical statement wherever this term recurs.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Ɓiɗɗo Alla
Transliteration: Ɓiɗɗo Alla
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (God Was in Christ)
Rejected alternatives: nulaaɗo mawɗo (a great messenger, an explicit downgrade and rejected)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Anchored at 2 Corinthians 1:19 (‘the Son of God, Jesus Christ’); full phrase required, must never soften.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Alla wontii neɗɗo
Transliteration: Alla wontii neɗɗo
Doctrine: Incarnation (God in Christ Reconciling)
Original: Θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 5:19 (‘God was in Christ, reconciling the world’) fuses this Critical baseline doctrine directly with the new Reconciliation doctrine; both must be taught together, never one at the expense of the other.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Almasiihu
Transliteration: Almasiihu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (God Was in Christ)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Pervasive throughout 2 Corinthians (1:1-3,19-21; 5:16-21; 11:2-3; 13:14); shared vocabulary with the Quranic Isa al-Masih must not be mistaken for shared belief. Use for the titular messianic sense; see christ_name below for the proper-name component.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: artirgol e Alla
Transliteration: artirgol e Alla
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: yaafuyee (forgiveness alone, too narrow — loses God-as-initiator mediating sense), tuubdi (repentance, a human-side turning, not God’s reconciling act)
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Provisional descriptive compound (artir- ‘return/restore’ + e Alla ‘with God’), coined on the model of the baseline’s justification/adoption compounds since no crystallized single Fulfulde theological term exists. Islamic soteriology has no notion of a broken God-human relationship requiring God himself to act as mediating reconciler through a substitute’s death; forgiveness there is Allah’s direct, unilateral mercy responding to repentance, with no third party. This is the theological core of the core passage (5:11-21). Mandatory theologian confirmation before wide deployment.
To Reconcile
Approved rendering: artirde
Transliteration: artirde
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: negotiated mutual settlement framing (rejected — this is God’s unilateral act, not a two-sided negotiation)
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
NEW TERM, verb form of reconciliation above. The imperative ‘be reconciled to God’ (2 Corinthians 5:20) must be rendered identically every time it is quoted across all curriculum documents, per the baseline’s Romans 10:9-10 consistency-rule pattern. Footnote the passive/receptive sense (receiving an accomplished act, not performing a negotiation) on first use per document.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: golle diine wonande artirgol e Alla
Transliteration: golle diine wonande artirgol e Alla
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
NEW compound of ministry (golle diine) and reconciliation (artirgol e Alla), inheriting Critical risk from the latter. Core-passage anchor at 2 Corinthians 5:18; mandatory theologian review.
Message Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: kabaaru artirgol e Alla
Transliteration: kabaaru artirgol e Alla
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
NEW compound of message/word (kabaaru) and reconciliation, inheriting Critical risk. Core-passage anchor at 2 Corinthians 5:19; mandatory theologian review.
New Creation
Approved rendering: tagoore hesere
Transliteration: tagoore hesere
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: shahada-style confessional-change gloss (rejected — implies mere confessional conversion, not ontological remaking)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
NEW TERM, provisional descriptive compound (tag- ‘to create,’ the same root used for God’s original creative act, + hesere ‘new’). This doctrine has no equivalent category in Islamic theology, where conversion is a change of confession and practice, not an ontological remaking of the person; must be taught explicitly, anchored to 2 Corinthians 5:17’s full clause, never left to the noun phrase alone. Mandatory theologian and native-speaker confirmation.
Freedom
Approved rendering: daɓɓitaare
Transliteration: daɓɓitaare
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: dimo/rimɓe/maccuɓe (free-born vs. slave-descended caste-linked vocabulary, forbidden)
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM, deliberately built from pastoralist herding vocabulary (daɓɓit-, ‘to untie/loosen’) to avoid caste-linked vocabulary naming Fulani society’s historic free-born vs. slave-descended social categories — a live and sensitive social reality. 2 Corinthians 3:17 (‘where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom’); must state explicitly that this freedom applies equally to all in Christ regardless of lineage. Mandatory theologian review.
Repentance
Approved rendering: tuubdi
Transliteration: tuubdi
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Grief
Rejected alternatives: framing as tawba-style meritorious human act that itself earns forgiveness (rejected causal direction)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Shares vocabulary with the well-articulated Islamic doctrine of tawba, understood there as a meritorious human act of turning that itself satisfies divine mercy. 2 Corinthians 7:9-10’s biblical repentance must be taught as flowing from and resulting in reconciliation already secured by grace (5:18-21), never a work that itself earns forgiveness. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: nulaaɓe fenaaɓe
Transliteration: nulaaɓe fenaaɓe
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘bad teachers’ flattening (rejected — loses the specific false-apostolic-authority claim), blanket application to marabouts/Sufi teachers/Qur’anic scholars as a class (rejected scope)
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM built on the baseline’s protected nulaaɗo root plus fena- (‘to lie’). Given the real social presence of contested religious-authority figures in Fulani communities, must be taught narrowly, targeting false claims to Christian apostolic/teaching authority specifically (2 Corinthians 11:13), never as a blanket condemnation of any non-Christian religious teacher. Mandatory theologian review.
Weakness
Approved rendering: lo’ɗe
Transliteration: lo’ɗe
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: softened or explained-away rendering that avoids the honor-code paradox (rejected)
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW TERM. THE central term of the Power in Weakness doctrine (2 Corinthians 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4,9). Deliberate theological paradox in profound tension with both Pulaaku’s honor-based code (teddungal) and the historical martial-strength self-image of Fulani Islamic reform movements. Must never be softened; mandatory theologian review, always paired explicitly with Arjunde at 12:9.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Aljanna (qualified use only)
Transliteration: Aljanna
Doctrine: Paradise and Visionary Experience
Rejected alternatives: unqualified Aljanna as general afterlife promise (forbidden), firdaws unqualified (forbidden)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (Greek/Persian-rooted, direct cognate of Arabic firdaws, one of the named gardens of Qur’anic paradise). Names Paul’s specific personal mystical vision (2 Corinthians 12:2-4), not the general afterlife destination of all believers. Must never be read as promising every believer such an experience, nor as validating an Islamic deeds-weighing paradise theology. Mandatory theologian review; use only with explicit qualification.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: reyum jamaanu ɗii
Transliteration: reyum jamaanu ɗii
Doctrine: God of This Age (Satanic Blinding of Unbelievers)
Rejected alternatives: Alla (forbidden — reserved exclusively for the one true God throughout this Language Package)
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM, carefully constructed. A title for Satan describing his usurped, temporary sway over unbelieving minds (2 Corinthians 4:4). Because Alla is reserved exclusively for the one true God, this English phrase’s literal word ‘god’ must NEVER be rendered with Alla, or readers may be confused into thinking the text calls Satan ‘Alla.’ Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
Died For All
Approved rendering: maayi ngam fof
Transliteration: maayi ngam fof
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement (the Great Exchange)
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Reconciliation
NEW TERM. The substitutionary/representative logic that Christ died on behalf of all, so that all in some sense died with him (2 Corinthians 5:14). Uses ngam for the vicarious ὑπέρ (‘for/on behalf of’) sense. This substitutionary logic has no equivalent in Islamic soteriology (no vicarious atonement); must be taught explicitly.
Great Exchange
Approved rendering: waɗi Mo yeru bakkaatu ngam en
Transliteration: waɗi Mo yeru bakkaatu ngam en
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement (the Great Exchange)
Rejected alternatives: any rendering implying Christ became morally sinful (forbidden)
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν… ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Reconciliation
NEW TERM, provisional. God making the sinless Christ bear the legal/relational status of sin, so that believers become the righteousness of God in him (2 Corinthians 5:21). No existing Fulfulde theological vocabulary crystallizes this exchange. This is the doctrinal heart of the Reconciliation doctrine and requires mandatory theologian review, paired explicitly with peewal jibinaangal (imputed_righteousness).
Christ Name
Approved rendering: Kiristu
Transliteration: Kiristu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (God Was in Christ)
Rejected alternatives: Almasiihu used indiscriminately for the proper-name component (reserve Almasiihu for the titular messianic sense)
Original: Χριστός (as proper name component)
Category: Christology
NEW top-level entry, formalizing the baseline’s own transliteration standard (‘Christ = Kiristu’) already listed in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md but not previously entered as a standalone TM term. Use Kiristu when ‘Christ’ functions as part of the proper name (e.g., ‘Yeesu Kiristu,’ 1:1, 13:14); reserve Almasiihu for contexts foregrounding the messianic title itself. Flag for theologian confirmation of consistent usage across both forms.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: Arjunde… giggol… diisnondiral… Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Transliteration: Arjunde… giggol… diisnondiral… Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Doctrine: The Love of Christ as the Motive for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: Watchtower-style Trinitarian-minimizing renderings that present the Spirit as an impersonal force (forbidden — see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md)
COMPOSITE entry for the closing benediction (2 Corinthians 13:14): ‘the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit.’ Composed of Arjunde (grace, Critical), giggol (love, High, new), diisnondiral (fellowship, Low), and Ruuhu Ceniiɗo (Holy Spirit, High, full form mandatory). Must be rendered identically every time quoted across all curriculum documents, per the baseline’s Theological Consistency Rules pattern; every component term must independently pass its own validation checks.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Linjiila
Transliteration: Linjiila
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabaaru moƴƴo (acceptable as an explanatory gloss, ‘good news’)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] In 2 Corinthians repeatedly set against a ‘different gospel’ (11:4) preached by rival teachers, which reinforces rather than changes the baseline caution that Linjiila’s recognition and the tahrif-doctrine risk must be reconfirmed per dialect.
Faith
Approved rendering: gomɗinal
Transliteration: gomɗinal
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: hoolaare (trust, acceptable as a supporting synonym)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 5:7 (‘we walk by faith, not by sight’) and 13:5’s self-examination (‘are you in the faith?’) must not default to general confessional religious identity; 13:5 must be taught as examining Christ’s presence within, not a deeds tally, despite the partial cultural parallel with Islamic muhasaba.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: peewal
Transliteration: peewal
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: nunɗal (fairness/justice, too civic)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 5:21 (‘become the righteousness of God’) is the letter’s single clearest imputed-righteousness statement outside Romans and must use this identical rendering for full curriculum consistency.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: peewal jibinaangal
Transliteration: peewal jibinaangal
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness (5:21)
Rejected alternatives: peewal ɓaawaangal e golle (righteousness earned by works, the explicit rejected opposite)
Original: γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 5:21 is the doctrinal climax of the core passage and must be paired explicitly with the great_exchange entry below; this concept has no ready equivalent in Islamic deeds-weighing soteriology.
Justification
Approved rendering: waɗugol peewal
Transliteration: waɗugol peewal
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: yaafuyee (forgiveness, too narrow)
Original: δικαίωσις (implied by δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ γενώμεθα)
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Underlies 5:21’s exchange logic in 2 Corinthians; must not be abbreviated to yaafuyee (forgiveness).
Apostle
Approved rendering: nulaaɗo
Transliteration: nulaaɗo
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasuulu (never use; reserved in Islamic usage for Muhammad as ‘the Messenger’)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians’ extended defense of apostolic legitimacy (chs. 10-13) makes this native-rooted term especially load-bearing; every false-apostle contrast depends on nulaaɗo being unmistakably distinct from any Islamic prophetic title.
Saints
Approved rendering: seniiɓe
Transliteration: seniiɓe
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (Corporate Giving and Fellowship)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] In 2 Corinthians 8:4 and 9:1,12 names the Jerusalem believers receiving the collection; must remain corporate, not an ascetic elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ceniinde
Transliteration: ceniinde
Doctrine: Sanctification (Bringing Holiness to Completion)
Rejected alternatives: laaɓal (ritual/ceremonial purification, avoid as a substitute)
Original: ἁγιωσύνη / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 7:1’s ‘bringing holiness to completion’ must be taught as ongoing Spirit-empowered process, not a one-time ritual act; kept distinct from laaɓal (wuduu-associated ablution).
Lord
Approved rendering: Joom
Transliteration: Joom
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Laamiiɗo (reserve for ‘ruler/king’ in political contexts, avoid as the primary term for divine Lordship)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Pervasive throughout 2 Corinthians (‘the Lord Jesus Christ,’ ‘fear of the Lord’ at 5:11, the 13:14 benediction); 5:11’s ‘fear of the Lord’ must be taught as reverent accountability of the already-reconciled, never anxious uncertainty.
Sin
Approved rendering: bakkaatu
Transliteration: bakkaatu
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement (the Great Exchange)
Rejected alternatives: fenaande (mistake/lie, too weak)
Original: ἁμαρτία / παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Central to 2 Corinthians 5:19-21; in 5:21’s ‘made him sin’ construction must be handled with extreme care to avoid implying Christ became morally sinful — see great_exchange entry below.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: doole Alla
Transliteration: doole Alla
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: barke (marabout-associated spiritual power/blessing, never use)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Applied in 2 Corinthians to gospel weapons against strongholds (10:4) and to Christ’s power resting on the weak apostle (12:9); 12:9’s fusion with ‘weakness’ and ‘grace’ compounds risk — this verse requires highest-priority theologian review.
Providence
Approved rendering: welsindiigal Alla
Transliteration: welsindiigal Alla
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate/al-qadar, use with caution), hasara (misfortune/chance, never use)
Original: πρόνοια (implicit in 1:3-11’s account of God’s purposeful deliverance from mortal danger)
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Seen in 2 Corinthians 1:8-11’s deliverance from deadly affliction in Asia; God’s personal, purposive care must be distinguished from natal, directly relevant to the Suffering and Comfort doctrine.
God
Approved rendering: Alla
Transliteration: Alla
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (God Was in Christ)
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 5:19’s ‘God was in Christ’ fuses this term directly with the Critical incarnation and deity-of-Christ doctrines; must be presented in explicitly Trinitarian, Christ-centered terms. NEVER use for the ‘god of this age’ (4:4) — see god_of_this_age below.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Transliteration: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Letter and Spirit Contrast
Rejected alternatives: ruuhu (never use alone), jinna (never use; a jinn/spirit being in Islamic and West African folk belief)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Central to the new covenant’s life-giving ministry (2 Corinthians 3:3,6,8,17-18) and the Trinitarian benediction (13:14). Must always be used in full, never bare ruuhu, even in the terse gramma/pneuma antithesis of 3:6 where English often prints unmodified ‘Spirit’ — flag every ch. 3 occurrence for theologian review.
Love
Approved rendering: giggol
Transliteration: giggol
Doctrine: The Love of Christ as the Motive for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: hoolaare (trust, already reserved for faith-adjacent contexts)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Life
NEW TERM, not present in the Romans baseline TM. giggol (noun, ‘the love of Christ’) paired with the verb yiɗude; must be distinguished from mere affection or hospitality-courtesy language. Central to 2 Corinthians 5:14 (Christ’s love as the compelling motive of ministry) and the 13:14 benediction; flag for both native-speaker and theologian review.
Flesh
Approved rendering: ɓalli
Transliteration: ɓalli
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: nafs (Islamic/Sufi lower-self concept — cautious bridge only with explicit definition, never assumed)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Anthropology
NEW TERM for the theological sense (fallen, worldly, self-oriented standards). The fixed collocation ‘hino yiyaa e ɓalli’ (‘seen according to the flesh’) is required for 2 Corinthians 5:16’s theological sense, distinct from ɓalli’s literal anatomical sense. Recurs heavily in chs. 5, 10, 11, 12; render consistently across the whole book.
Affliction
Approved rendering: tampere
Transliteration: tampere
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate/al-qadar, fatalistic and impersonal, never unqualified)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering
NEW TERM. Central to 2 Corinthians 1:4,8; 4:8,17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2. Must be distinguished from suffering understood as impersonal divine testing/fate; always pair with welsindiigal Alla language when the passage links suffering to God’s personal purpose.
Comfort
Approved rendering: wallitaare
Transliteration: wallitaare
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: deeƴre (calm/stillness, too passive, already rejected in baseline for ‘peace’)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering
NEW NOMINAL FORM built on the baseline’s already-approved wallitde root. Central to 2 Corinthians 1:3-7; 7:6-7,13. Must be distinguished from passive emotional soothing; God’s comfort is active, purposive strengthening that overflows to others. Flag for native-speaker confirmation of dialectal naturalness.
Letter Of Law
Approved rendering: binndi
Transliteration: binndi
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: bare ruuhu for the Spirit-side contrast (forbidden per baseline)
Original: γράμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. The written letter of the Mosaic law, which ‘kills’ (2 Corinthians 3:6), contrasted with Ruuhu Ceniiɗo, which must retain its full form even in this terse antithetical construction. Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
Veil
Approved rendering: cuurki
Transliteration: cuurki
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: conflation with hijab/purdah modesty veiling (rejected framing)
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. The physical veil over Moses’ face and, metaphorically, over unbelieving hearts/minds (2 Corinthians 3:13-16; 4:3-4). Veiling has strong, live social-religious salience in Fulani Islamic culture; this passage concerns spiritual blindness and revelation, not physical modesty covering — must be made explicit and unmistakable.
Image Imago Dei
Approved rendering: yeru (Alla)
Transliteration: yeru Alla
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate, tied to al-qadar — an unrelated baseline-flagged term, must stay lexically and conceptually separate)
Original: εἰκών
Category: Anthropology
NEW TERM introducing the imago Dei theme, absent from the Romans baseline and without an equivalent emphasis in mainstream Islamic theology. Believers ‘transformed into the same image’ (2 Corinthians 3:18); Christ as ‘the image of God’ (4:4). Must be explicitly taught as a distinct doctrinal category.
Judgment Seat
Approved rendering: kaɓirgal ñaawoore Almasiihu
Transliteration: kaɓirgal ñaawoore Almasiihu
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: βῆμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM for Christ’s judgment seat (2 Corinthians 5:10), where believers’ works are evaluated for reward, NOT a salvation-determining verdict. Must be explicitly distinguished from an Islamic Yawm al-Qiyāmah deeds-weighing framework in which the final verdict itself is uncertain; per 5:21, the reconciled believer’s eternal standing is already secure.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: nulaaɗo wonande Almasiihu
Transliteration: nulaaɗo wonande Almasiihu
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: treating this as a separate apostolic office distinct from nulaaɗo (rejected — must be taught as a metaphor only)
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM deliberately built on the established nulaaɗo (apostle) root for 2 Corinthians 5:20’s diplomatic-envoy image. Risks blurring the distinct technical office of ‘apostle’ with a rhetorical/diplomatic metaphor; must be taught explicitly as Paul applying a political-envoy image to describe his function, not a second office. Flag for theologian review.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: suudu Alla
Transliteration: suudu Alla
Doctrine: Temple of God: Corporate Indwelling
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, forbidden per baseline)
Original: ναὸς Θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW TERM for 2 Corinthians 6:16, believers corporately indwelt by the Spirit. Must be clearly distinguished from moosaale and taught as a metaphor for the Spirit’s corporate indwelling, never a physical building.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: goonga
Transliteration: goonga
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Transparent integrity in ministry motive, contrasted with peddling God’s word for profit (2 Corinthians 1:12; 2:17; 11:3). Context-sensitive: the same Greek word also carries a ‘generosity’ sense in the giving chapters (see generosity below) — translators must determine per occurrence which sense is active and never default to one rendering throughout.
Satan
Approved rendering: Seytaane
Transliteration: Seytaane
Doctrine: Satan and Spiritual Deception
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM (Arabic-derived cognate of Islamic Shaytan). Active in temptation (2 Corinthians 2:11), deceptive disguise (11:14), and physical affliction (12:7). The referent is broadly compatible across both traditions, comparatively lower risk than Christological terms, but Satan’s ultimate defeat through the cross is a distinctly Christian claim not shared by Islamic theology.
Boasting
Approved rendering: mantaari
Transliteration: mantaari
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι / καύχησις
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Sinful self-glorying (condemned) versus Paul’s paradoxical boasting in weakness/the Lord (commended); major rhetorical device throughout chs. 5, 10-12. Collides with Pulaaku’s honor/shame code (teddungal); Paul’s inversion of normal honor-dynamics needs explicit teaching, never smoothing over.
Guarantee Down Payment
Approved rendering: sarti
Transliteration: sarti
Doctrine: Holy Spirit as Guarantee of Future Glory
Rejected alternatives: purely commercial/transactional-only reading without relational framing (rejected)
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW TERM. The Holy Spirit given now as the guarantee of the believer’s future inheritance (2 Corinthians 1:22; 5:5). This term’s Arabic root is the direct ancestor of the Arabic commercial-law term for ‘down payment’ (ʿarbūn); a genuine teaching bridge but risks a merely transactional reading unless explained relationally.
Strongholds
Approved rendering: kaɓirɗe
Transliteration: kaɓirɗe
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Strongholds
Rejected alternatives: literal military/jihad-application reading (rejected — this is metaphor for arguments/ideas only)
Original: ὀχύρωμα
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM. Ideas and arguments opposed to the knowledge of God, destroyed by gospel weapons (2 Corinthians 10:4-5). Warfare imagery in a region with deep historical memory of religious warfare (Sokoto Caliphate jihad tradition) requires explicit disclaiming of any martial application.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: maandeeji e kaawisaaji
Transliteration: maandeeji e kaawisaaji
Doctrine: Signs and Wonders as Marks of True Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: barke (marabout-associated power, forbidden per baseline)
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. The marks authenticating a true apostle’s unique commissioning (2 Corinthians 12:12). Must be clearly distinguished from barke, commonly attributed to marabouts through amulets and blessed objects; apostolic signs authenticate a specific, unique commissioning, not a generally available or purchasable spiritual power.
Self Commendation
Approved rendering: jaŋtaade hoore-mon
Transliteration: jaŋtaade hoore-mon
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνίστημι
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. To commend or present oneself favorably, at issue in Paul’s apostolic self-defense against rival teachers (2 Corinthians 3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18). Recurs throughout chs. 3-12; must be rendered identically at every occurrence.
Not Counting Sin
Approved rendering: añtaa e bakkaatu maɓɓe
Transliteration: añtaa e bakkaatu maɓɓe
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: a merely-favorably-balanced deeds-ledger framing (rejected — the ledger is cleared, not balanced)
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν
Category: Reconciliation
NEW TERM. God not crediting/counting believers’ trespasses against them, part of the reconciling act (2 Corinthians 5:19). Directly parallel to peewal jibinaangal (imputed_righteousness), but the negative/forgiving side of the same accounting metaphor; must be kept distinct from a deeds-ledger/weighing framework.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: noddaaɗo
Transliteration: noddaaɗo
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: torraaɗo (invited, too weak)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Applies to Paul’s opening self-identification (2 Corinthians 1:1) as in Romans 1:1.
Calling
Approved rendering: noddaandi
Transliteration: noddaandi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Low direct occurrence in 2 Corinthians; carried forward for cross-curriculum consistency.
Holy
Approved rendering: ceniiɗo
Transliteration: ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification (Bringing Holiness to Completion)
Rejected alternatives: laaɓɗo (physically clean, reserve for ritual/physical cleanliness only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Occurs 2 Corinthians 1:1, 6:6, 7:1, 13:12; must remain distinct from laaɓɗo, especially in 7:1’s call to holiness in body and spirit.
Peace
Approved rendering: jam
Transliteration: jam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: deeƴre (calm/stillness, too passive/psychological)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Occurs 2 Corinthians 1:2, 13:11; must be distinguished from the everyday jam-greeting register central to Sahelian social life.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dokkal Ruuhu
Transliteration: dokkal Ruuhu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: barke (Sufi-associated blessing/spiritual power, avoid as a substitute)
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Present at 2 Corinthians 1:11 (deliverance through prayer) and conceptually linked to 12:12’s signs and wonders; must never be confused with barke.
Church
Approved rendering: kawtal
Transliteration: kawtal
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (Corporate Giving and Fellowship)
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Used in 2 Corinthians for multiple regional assemblies (Macedonia, Corinth, Jerusalem, 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13); teach as one corporate people of God, not competing congregations.
Law
Approved rendering: sariya
Transliteration: sariya
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 3:6-15 contrasts the Law’s condemning ministry (‘the letter that kills’) with the Spirit’s life-giving covenant ministry; must not collapse into a Sharia-style total life-code.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: leƴƴi goo
Transliteration: leƴƴi goo
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Low direct occurrence in 2 Corinthians (implicit background to 11:26); carried forward for cross-curriculum consistency.
Glory
Approved rendering: manaango
Transliteration: manaango
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: teddungal (reserve for human honor/dignity in Pulaaku contexts, avoid as the primary term for God’s glory)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Heavily used in 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 and 4:4-6,17 for the fading glory of Moses’ ministry versus the surpassing, permanent glory of the new covenant; keep distinct from teddungal and teach the supersession claim explicitly, not as Quranic-style book-superseding-book.
Prophet
Approved rendering: annabi
Transliteration: annabi
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: προφήτης (background to 3:12-18’s Moses narrative)
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Background figure to the Moses-veil narrative of 2 Corinthians 3; low direct occurrence, carried forward for consistency.
Covenant
Approved rendering: alkawal
Transliteration: alkawal
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Root term for the new_covenant and old_covenant compounds below, central to 2 Corinthians 3.
Election
Approved rendering: suɓagol
Transliteration: suɓagol
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate/lot, use with caution)
Original: ἐκλογή (implied in God’s sovereign choosing of ministers)
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Low direct occurrence in 2 Corinthians; implicit in Paul’s commissioning as apostle and minister of the new covenant, carried forward against natal (fate/al-qadar).
Intercession
Approved rendering: torgol wonande
Transliteration: torgol wonande
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: δέησις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Occurs 2 Corinthians 1:11, 9:14, 13:7,9; must be kept distinct from salaa and from marabout-mediated petitionary practice.
Mission
Approved rendering: yamiroore Linjiila
Transliteration: yamiroore Linjiila
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / κήρυγμα
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 10:13-16’s discussion of Paul’s ‘field of activity’ extends this term geographically; sensitivity to the Sahel’s contested religious landscape remains relevant.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israa’iila
Transliteration: Israa’iila
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 3:7,13’s Moses-veil narrative and ‘sons of Israel’ requires the OT covenant background be made explicit, given readers’ possible Quranic-narrative familiarity.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yeesu
Transliteration: Yeesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Iisa (the Quranic Arabic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Pervasive throughout 2 Corinthians; never Iisa in doctrinal exposition.
Father
Approved rendering: Baaba
Transliteration: Baaba
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] 2 Corinthians 1:3 and 6:18 (‘I will be a father to you’) resonate with strong Fulani lineage values.
Ministry
Approved rendering: golle diine
Transliteration: golle diine
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: διακονία
Category: Apostleship
NEW compound reusing the phrase pattern from the baseline’s Christ-Centered Ministry doctrine entry. Occurs 2 Corinthians 3:6-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 11:8. Distinguish from mere humanitarian activity divorced from gospel proclamation.
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: neɗɗo peeñoowo / neɗɗo suuɗiiɗo
Transliteration: neɗɗo peeñoowo / neɗɗo suuɗiiɗo
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Anthropology
NEW descriptive compound pair for 2 Corinthians 4:16’s ‘outer man’ (visible/outward person) versus ‘inner man’ (hidden/inward person). Care needed not to import a Greek body-soul dualism foreign to a more holistic Fulani/Islamic anthropology; teach as a metaphor for physical decline versus inward renewal, not two separable parts of a person.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: suudu leydi
Transliteration: suudu leydi
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM for 2 Corinthians 5:1,4’s present body as a temporary dwelling. Tent imagery has strong, positive natural resonance with Fulani pastoralist material culture (mobile dwellings); use confidently.
Eternal Building
Approved rendering: galle Alla ngonaaɗo
Transliteration: galle Alla ngonaaɗo
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: οἰκία / οἰκοδομή
Category: Eschatology
NEW descriptive compound for the eternal, heavenly dwelling of 2 Corinthians 5:1. Pairs with earthly_tent above as a contrast set.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: alkawal kesol
Transliteration: alkawal kesol
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW compound for 2 Corinthians 3:6. ‘Alkawal Kesol’ already exists as the regionally-attested Fulfulde title for the New Testament, a helpful continuity point, but the curriculum must clarify that ch. 3 argues a specific supersession logic (fading vs. abiding glory) distinct from the Islamic prophetology pattern of each new prophet/book superseding the last.
Old Covenant
Approved rendering: alkawal ɓoggo
Transliteration: alkawal ɓoggo
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιὰ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW compound for the Mosaic covenant, read with a veil until set aside in Christ (2 Corinthians 3:14). Pairs with new_covenant above as a contrast set.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: hoɗndirgol e keefeeru
Transliteration: hoɗndirgol e keefeeru
Doctrine: Holy Living and Moral Separation
Rejected alternatives: wholesale ethnic/family/trading-partner separation from Muslim neighbors (rejected application)
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Ethics
NEW descriptive compound for 2 Corinthians 6:14’s call to moral/spiritual separation from incompatible partnership with unbelief. Strong positive cultural resonance with pastoralist yoke/paired-animal imagery, but must be taught as spiritual/moral separation, never ethnic, given real inter-ethnic sensitivities and mixed-faith family/trading realities in the region.
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: suno wonande Alla
Transliteration: suno wonande Alla
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Grief
Original: λύπη κατὰ Θεόν
Category: Salvation
NEW descriptive compound for 2 Corinthians 7:9-10’s grief oriented toward God that leads to repentance without regret. Contrast pair with worldly_grief below.
Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: suno aduna
Transliteration: suno aduna
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Grief
Original: λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Salvation
NEW descriptive compound for 2 Corinthians 7:10’s grief that produces death rather than repentance. Contrast pair with godly_grief above.
Generosity
Approved rendering: yeɗugol e ɓernde fof
Transliteration: yeɗugol e ɓernde fof
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης (giving context)
Category: Giving
NEW compound for the ‘generosity/liberality’ sense of the same Greek root as sincerity above (2 Corinthians 8:2; 9:11,13). Disambiguate per context; directly load-bearing for the Generosity and Grace in Giving doctrine.
Thorn In Flesh
Approved rendering: ŋacumi ɓalli
Transliteration: ŋacumi ɓalli
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW idiomatic compound for 2 Corinthians 12:7’s persistent, painful affliction. Reuses the flagged ɓalli (flesh) term; keep consistent with the ch. 5/10 usage.
Seal
Approved rendering: maandaari
Transliteration: maandaari
Doctrine: Holy Spirit as Guarantee of Future Glory
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW TERM. Ownership and security marked by the Spirit (2 Corinthians 1:22). Pairs conceptually with guarantee_down_payment above.
Examine Test
Approved rendering: ƴeewde hoore-mon
Transliteration: ƴeewde hoore-mon
Doctrine: Examination and Assurance of Faith
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Self-examination to confirm one’s standing in the faith (2 Corinthians 13:5). Partial cultural parallel with Islamic muhasaba, a positive bridge point, but must be taught as examining the presence of Christ within (13:5b), never a tally of deeds performed.
Genuine Approved
Approved rendering: jaɓaaɗo
Transliteration: jaɓaaɗo
Doctrine: Examination and Assurance of Faith
Original: δόκιμος
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Tested and approved, as opposed to failing the test (2 Corinthians 13:5-7). Pairs with examine_test above.
Bride One Husband
Approved rendering: jom-suudu gooto
Transliteration: jom-suudu gooto
Doctrine: Marital Fidelity Imagery of the Church
Original: ἁρμόσασθαι… ἑνὶ ἀνδρί
Category: Church
NEW TERM for the church’s exclusive, singular devotion to Christ, pictured as betrothal to one husband (2 Corinthians 11:2-3). This image stands in implicit contrast with normalized polygamous marriage practice in regional Islamic-influenced custom; teach pastorally as undivided spiritual devotion, never used to condemn cultural marriage practice directly.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: kulol
Transliteration: kulol
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Reverential accountability before Christ’s coming judgment, not servile terror (2 Corinthians 5:11). Islamic taqwa-adjacent fear of Allah’s judgment is a close conceptual neighbor and can be a bridge, but this fear operates for those already reconciled in Christ, never as anxious uncertainty before an unresolved verdict.
Manifest
Approved rendering: feeñde / feeññinde
Transliteration: feeñde / feeññinde
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: φανερόω
Category: Apostleship
NEW descriptive verb pair. To be made transparently visible/known, as Paul’s integrity is to God and to consciences (2 Corinthians 5:11). Requires native-speaker confirmation of naturalness.
Conscience
Approved rendering: hakkille ɓernde
Transliteration: hakkille ɓernde
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
NEW descriptive compound (lit. ‘the heart’s inner awareness’). No single crystallized Fulfulde theological term for ‘conscience’ is attested (2 Corinthians 5:11; 1:12; 4:2); requires native-speaker confirmation.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: yaafuyee
Transliteration: yaafuyee
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: use as a substitute for the forensic justification term (rejected, per baseline caution)
Original: χαρίζομαι / ἀφίημι
Category: Faith
Promoted from a rejected-alternative mention in the baseline’s justification entry to its own full entry here. Interpersonal pardon extended within the congregation to a repentant offender (2 Corinthians 2:5-11). Unlike the baseline’s caution against yaafuyee substituting for forensic justification, here the interpersonal, congregational sense is exactly right and should be used without hesitation; native-speaker review should confirm restorative, communal tone.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: yettoore
Transliteration: yettoore
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Standard term; occurs 1:11, 2:14, 4:15, 8:16, 9:11-15. No new risk in 2 Corinthians.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: diisnondiral
Transliteration: diisnondiral
Doctrine: Fellowship and Participation in Giving
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Extended in 2 Corinthians to financial participation in the Jerusalem collection (8:4; 9:13) and to the Trinitarian benediction (13:14); flag the financial-participation sense so it is not rendered too abstractly.
David
Approved rendering: Daawuda
Transliteration: Daawuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] No direct occurrence in 2 Corinthians; carried forward for cross-curriculum consistency.
Exhort
Approved rendering: wallitde
Transliteration: wallitde
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.] Context-sensitive in 2 Corinthians: comfort-in-affliction sense (1:4,6; 7:6-7,13) versus urgent-appeal sense (5:20, the reconciliation entreaty; 10:1; 13:11); see wallitaare (comfort, noun) below for the nominal form.
Equality Fairness
Approved rendering: fotondiral
Transliteration: fotondiral
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
NEW TERM. Fair balance in giving so no one is overburdened or under-provided (2 Corinthians 8:13-14). Low independent doctrinal risk.
Cheerful Giving
Approved rendering: weltaare yeɗugol
Transliteration: weltaare yeɗugol
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρότης
Category: Giving
NEW TERM. Joyful disposition in giving, which God loves (2 Corinthians 9:7). Low independent doctrinal risk.
Aroma Fragrance
Approved rendering: usaare
Transliteration: usaare
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ὀσμή / εὐωδία
Category: Ministry
NEW TERM. Believers as ‘the aroma of Christ’ (2 Corinthians 2:14-16). Sacrificial/incense-offering resonance may be less familiar in a pastoralist context than an agrarian temple culture, but the imagery translates plainly; no doctrinal risk.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: jaɓɓorgo senaadi
Transliteration: jaɓɓorgo senaadi
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (Corporate Giving and Fellowship)
Rejected alternatives: literal kissing-greeting instruction (rejected — sits uneasily against Pulaaku semteende/modesty norms around physical touch, especially cross-gender)
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW culturally-adapted greeting phrase for 2 Corinthians 13:12’s ‘holy kiss’ instruction. Cultural-adaptation matter rather than doctrinal; flagged for native-speaker review so the instruction is not applied awkwardly or literally in teaching contexts.
Persuade
Approved rendering: waajaade
Transliteration: waajaade
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πείθω
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Paul’s apostolic appeal to hearers grounded in accountability to Christ, not manipulation (2 Corinthians 5:11). Standard verb of urging/exhortation; low independent risk.
Referenced passages