Core Glossary

Core Glossary — 1 Peter, English → Fulfulde

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all five chapters of 1 Peter. Terms marked (baseline reuse) are recorded exactly as in the Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked (NEW) are provisional descriptive compounds specific to this curriculum, pending native-speaker and theologian confirmation, consistent with the baseline’s documented methodology for Fulfulde’s thinner Bible-translation tradition.

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly: Critical (human theologian review mandatory), High (human theologian review mandatory), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient).

Master Glossary Table

#	English Term	Fulfulde Rendering	Transliteration	Chapter(s)	Category / Doctrine	Risk	Status	Notes / Forbidden Alternatives
1	God	Alla	Alla	1-5	God	High	Baseline reuse	See Romans TM
2	Father	Baaba	Baaba	1	God	Medium	Baseline reuse
3	Lord	Joom	Joom	1, 3	Christology	Critical	Baseline reuse	Never Laamiiɗo as primary
4	Jesus Christ	Yeesu Kiristu	Yeesu Kiristu	1-5	Christology	Critical	Baseline reuse	Never Iisa
5	mercy	yurmeende	yurmeende	1, 2	Grace	High	Baseline reuse	Distinct from arjunde
6	grace	Arjunde	Arjunde	1, 3, 4, 5	Grace	Critical	Baseline reuse	Never barke
7	faith	gomɗinal	gomɗinal	1, 5	Faith	High	Baseline reuse
8	resurrection	immorde e maayde	immorde e maayde	1, 3	Resurrection	Critical	Baseline reuse	Crucifixion-denial risk
9	salvation	kisal	kisal	1	Salvation	Critical	Baseline reuse	Never aljanna alone
10	glory	manaango	manaango	1, 4, 5	Deity of Christ	Medium/High	Baseline reuse	Distinct from teddungal
11	power of God	doole Alla	doole Alla	1	Power of God	High	Baseline reuse	Never barke
12	holy	ceniiɗo	ceniiɗo	1, 2	Sanctification	Medium/High	Baseline reuse	Distinct from laaɓɗo
13	sanctification	ceniinde	ceniinde	1	Sanctification	High	Baseline reuse
14	Holy Spirit	Ruuhu Ceniiɗo	Ruuhu Ceniiɗo	1	God	Critical	Baseline reuse	Never bare ruuhu; never jinna
15	sin	bakkaatu	bakkaatu	2, 3, 4	Sin	High	Baseline reuse
16	church/assembly	kawtal	kawtal	2, 5	Church	Medium	Baseline reuse	Never moosaale
17	gospel	Linjiila	Linjiila	4	Gospel	High	Baseline reuse	Tahrif-doctrine risk
18	prophet(s)	annabi / annabaaɓe	annabi	1	Scripture	Medium	Baseline reuse
19	called/calling	noddaaɗo / noddaandi	noddaaɗo	1, 5	Divine Calling	Medium/High	Baseline reuse
20	election	suɓagol	suɓagol	1 (root reused)	Election	High	Baseline reuse	Distinct from natal
21	spiritual gift	dokkal Ruuhu	dokkal Ruuhu	4	Spiritual Gifts	Medium	Baseline reuse	Never barke
22	peace	jam	jam	5	Peace	Medium	Baseline reuse	Distinct from greeting-register jam
23	born again / new birth	jibingol kesam	jibingol kesam	1	Living Hope of the Resurrection	Critical	NEW	No baseline equivalent; must not suggest reincarnation
24	living hope	jortaare wuurndu	jortaare wuurndu	1	Living Hope of the Resurrection	Critical	NEW	Curriculum thesis term; distinguish from Islamic rajā’ and natal
25	inheritance	ndonu	ndonu	1	Living Hope of the Resurrection	High	NEW	Sharia mīrāth collision risk
26	imperishable / unfading / undefiled (inheritance)	ɗon halkataa / ɗon-yoolataa / ɗon-jiibaa	—	1	Living Hope	Medium	NEW	Qualifiers on ndonu
27	guarded (by God’s power)	reenaande / reenaaɓe	reenaande	1	Providence	Medium	NEW	Distinguish from amulet-based protection
28	trial(s)/testing	jarrabuya	jarrabuya	1, 4	Suffering	High	NEW	Shared with Islamic fitna/imtiḥān concept
29	genuineness (of faith)	goongɗugol gomɗinal	goongɗugol gomɗinal	1	Faith	Medium	NEW
30	inexpressible joy	weltaare nde wonaa haala	—	1	Living Hope	Medium	NEW
31	love (agape)	yiɗde / giggol	yiɗde	1, 3, 4	Christian Ethics	High	NEW	Not lexically distinct from generic love; not Sufi maḥabba
32	soul(s)	wonkii / wonkiiji	wonkii	1, 3, 4	Salvation	High	NEW	Distinct from Islamic nafs/rūḥ
33	sojourners / exiles	setaaɓe e hoɗuɓe seeɗa	—	1, 2	Christian Identity in Christ	High	NEW	Positive Pulaaku transhumance resonance; teach as spiritual, not literal displacement
34	foreknowledge	annditaari Alla ko adii	—	1	Providence / Election	High	NEW	Distinct from natal/al-qadar
35	sprinkling of blood	wullitaari ɓiiƴe	—	1	Covenant	High	NEW	Requires Sinai-covenant background teaching
36	Spirit of Christ	Ruuhu Ceniiɗo Almasiihu	—	1	God / Trinity	Critical	NEW	Must render in full form of Ruuhu Ceniiɗo; never bare ruuhu
37	sufferings of Christ	torra Almasiihu	—	1, 5	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	Critical	NEW	Direct crucifixion-denial collision
38	angels	malaykaaji	malaykaaji	1, 3	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	High	NEW	Shared with Islamic malā’ika; distinct from jinna
39	fear (reverent)	kulol	kulol	1	Holiness in Conduct	High	NEW	Shared resonance with Islamic taqwa
40	ransomed / redeemed	soodaa	soodaa	1	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	Critical	NEW	Historically sensitive re: slave-trade memory; no Islamic ransom framework parallel
41	precious blood	ɓiiƴe tedduɗe	—	1	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	High	NEW	Caution re: teddungal/glory distinction
42	lamb without blemish	baali ɗo bonɗi walaa	—	1	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	Critical	NEW	Major collision with Eid al-Adha sacrificial-lamb theology
43	purified souls	ceniinaama wonkiiji	—	1	Holiness in Conduct	Medium	NEW	Use ceniin- root, never laaɓ-
44	brotherly love	giggol musidal	—	1, 3	Church	Medium	NEW
45	word of God (logos)	Konngol Alla	—	1, 2	Inspiration of Scripture	High	NEW	Tahrif-doctrine engagement point
46	pure spiritual milk	kosam Konngol Alla laaɓɗam	—	2	Church	Medium	NEW	Strong dairy-culture resonance
47	living stone	hoggo wuurɗo	—	2	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Christology	High	NEW
48	spiritual house	suudu Ruuhu	—	2	Church	Medium	NEW
49	holy priesthood / royal priesthood	kawtal laamateeri seniingal	—	2	Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood	CRITICAL	NEW	FORBIDDEN: julɓe (= Muslims), alfa (= marabout/cleric)
50	spiritual sacrifices	sadaka ruuhaninaaji	—	2	Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood	Critical	NEW	sadaka is a live Islamic ritual/almsgiving term; must distinguish
51	cornerstone / stumbling stone	hoggo fuɗnitiiɗo / hoggo pergitirgal	—	2	Christology	Medium	NEW
52	chosen race	leñol suɓaangol	—	2	Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood	CRITICAL	NEW	Major Pulaaku leñol (clan-lineage) collision; not a replacement of ethnic identity
53	holy nation	leƴƴi ceniingi	—	2	Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood	CRITICAL	NEW	Direct collision with Islamic ummah concept
54	people for God’s possession	yimɓe Alla ɓe O jogii	—	2	Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood	Medium	NEW
55	honorable/good conduct	jikku moƴƴo	—	2	Holiness in Conduct	Medium	NEW
56	submission (to authority)	ɗoftagol laamɓe	—	2, 3	Submission to Authority	Critical	NEW	Sokoto Caliphate political-religious resonance risk
57	king / governor	laamiiɗo / jaɓɓoowo	—	2	Submission to Authority	Medium	NEW	Deliberate contrast with Christ’s Joom
58	brotherhood (of believers)	musiɗaagal gomɗinɓe	—	2, 5	Church	Medium	NEW
59	servants / household slaves	maccuɓe	maccuɓe	2	Submission to Authority	High	NEW	Historically/culturally sensitive (regional slavery memory)
60	example (to follow)	misal	misal	2, 5	Submission and Christlike Endurance	Medium	NEW
61	bore our sins in his body	ronnii bakkaatuuji e ɓalndu makko	—	2	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	CRITICAL	NEW	Direct crucifixion-denial and atonement-denial collision
62	by his wounds healed	sabu gaɗe makko ɓe sellii	—	2	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	Critical	NEW	Isaiah 53 quotation; spiritual, not merely physical, healing
63	Shepherd and Overseer of souls	Gaynako e Reenoowo wonkiiji	—	2	Christology	High	NEW	Strong pastoralist cultural resonance
64	hidden person of the heart	neɗɗo suuɗiiɗo ka ɓernde	—	3	Holiness in Conduct	Medium	NEW
65	gentle and quiet spirit	ɓernde deewndu e deeƴndu	—	3	Holiness in Conduct	High	NEW	Never Ruuhu; pastoral sensitivity re: gender roles
66	weaker vessel	ndaɓi ndeweende	—	3	Holiness in Conduct	High	NEW	Must pair with “fellow heirs of grace” for balance
67	fellow heirs of grace of life	ronooɓe gootto arjunde nguurndam	—	3	Holiness in Conduct	Critical	NEW (baseline term reused)	Reuses arjunde
68	humility	yankinaare	yankinaare	3, 5	Elders and Humility	High	NEW	Distinct from teddungal; cultural fit needs care
69	suffer for righteousness’ sake	tampeede sabu peewal	—	3	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	CRITICAL	NEW (baseline term reused)	Reuses peewal; must not read as punishment for sin
70	sanctify Christ as Lord	senin Almasiihu Joom ka ɓerɗe	—	3	Deity of Christ	CRITICAL	NEW (baseline terms reused)	OT YHWH-command applied to Christ; Tawhid collision
71	defense/reasoned answer	jaabtaari	jaabtaari	3	Apologetics	Medium	NEW
72	good conscience	hakkille laaɓɗo	—	3, 4	Holiness in Conduct	Medium	NEW
73	Christ suffered once for sins, righteous for unrighteous	Almasiihu tampii gootol sabu bakkaatuuji, wonannde bonɓe	—	3	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	CRITICAL	NEW	Core atonement formula
74	put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit	maayi ka ɓalndu, wuurtinaa e Ruuhu	—	3	Resurrection of Christ	CRITICAL	NEW	Crucifixion-denial collision
75	proclaimed to spirits in prison	wewlanii ruuhuuji ɗi ngoni ka kaso	—	3	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	CRITICAL	NEW	Highest-caution exegetical passage in curriculum; never confuse “spirits” with jinna
76	Noah / ark	Nuuha / laana	Nuuha	3	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	Medium	NEW	Shared with Quranic Nuh; typological use is distinctively Christian
77	baptism	lootagol batisma	batisma	3	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	CRITICAL	NEW	No baseline equivalent; must distinguish from wuduu/ghusl per text’s own wording
78	angels, authorities, powers (subjected)	malaykaaji, laamuuji, e doole	—	3	Lordship of Christ	High	NEW (reuse pattern)
79	idolatry	sujjude sanamuuji	—	4	Holiness in Conduct	CRITICAL	NEW	FORBIDDEN: never shirku
80	gospel preached to the dead	Linjiila waajaama wonande maayɓe	—	4	Resurrection / Judgment	High	NEW (baseline term reused)	Do not read as post-mortem salvation doctrine
81	love covers a multitude of sins	giggol ɗon suuɗa bakkaatuuji keewɗi	—	4	Church	Medium	NEW	Not a soteriological/atonement statement
82	hospitality	jaɓɓaari koreeji	—	4	Church	Low	NEW	Strong positive cultural bridge
83	stewards of grace	jom-topotooɓe arjunde Alla	—	4	Spiritual Gifts	High	NEW (baseline term reused)
84	fiery trial	jarrabuya wano yiite	—	4	Suffering	High	NEW (reuse)
85	sharing Christ’s sufferings	jokkondirgol e torra Almasiihu	—	4	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	Critical	NEW	Not fatalistic (natal); active joyful participation
86	Christian (name)	Kirisiyeejo / Kirisiyeeɓe	Kirisiyeejo	4	Christian Identity in Christ	Medium	NEW	Confirm regional form; regularize vs. baseline’s “Kirisimasi” artifact
87	judgment begins at household of God	ñaawoore fuɗɗoto ka suudu Alla	—	4	Church	Medium	NEW
88	faithful Creator	Tagoowo hoolaaɗo	—	4	Providence	High	NEW	Shared with Islamic al-Khāliq; pair with “faithful”
89	elders (church office)	mawɓe kawtal	—	5	Elders and Humility	CRITICAL	NEW	Distinct from generic Pulaaku elder-respect and from Islamic clerical authority
90	chief Shepherd	Gaynako Mawɗo	—	5	Elders and Humility / Christology	High	NEW
91	unfading crown of glory	kuɓeewal manaango ɗo yoolataa	—	5	Elders and Humility	Medium	NEW (baseline term reused)
92	casting anxiety on God	werlaade sunaare e Alla	—	5	Providence	High	NEW	Connects to welsindiigal Alla
93	devil / adversary	Sayɗaan	Sayɗaan	5	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (spiritual warfare)	High	NEW	Shared with Islamic Shaytān; distinct from jinna; never addressed via barke/amulets
94	resist, firm in faith	daroraade e gomɗinal	—	5	Faith	High	NEW (baseline term reused)
95	God of all grace / restore, strengthen, establish	Alla Jom-arjunde fof… O ɗeenoya, O tabitina, O semmbinta, O fewjana	—	5	Grace / Providence	Critical	NEW (baseline terms reused)	Doxological climax; treat with Romans-8:28-level consistency rigor
96	kiss of love	cuɓal giggol	—	5	Church	Medium	NEW	Adapt culturally; do not assume literal transfer

Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum’s 8 Named Doctrines)

Curriculum Doctrine	Key Fulfulde Terms (glossary #)	Overall Risk
The Living Hope of the Resurrection	#8 (baseline), 23, 24, 25, 30	Critical
Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	#69, 85, 37	Critical
The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	#49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 47, 48, 51	Critical
Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance	#56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 68	Critical
Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	#40, 41, 42, 61, 62, 73, 37	Critical
Holiness in Conduct	#12 (baseline), 43, 55, 64, 65, 66, 72, 79	High-Critical
Elders and Humility	#89, 90, 91, 68, 92	Critical
Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)	#75, 76, 77, 74, 78	Critical (highest-caution passage in curriculum)

New Forbidden Substitutions Introduced by This Curriculum (in addition to baseline’s list)

Concept	NEVER use	Reason
Priesthood / royal priesthood	julɓe	This word means “Muslims” in Fulfulde (from julde, ritual prayer) — a severe and direct collision
Priesthood / royal priesthood	alfa	Regional term for an Islamic cleric/marabout; collapses the whole-body priesthood doctrine into a clerical caste
Idolatry	shirku	This is precisely the term Islamic theology uses to accuse Christian Trinitarian/incarnational doctrine itself; using it for 1 Peter’s idolatry risks reinforcing that accusation rather than condemning literal idol-worship
Spirits in prison / Holy Spirit / Spirit of Christ / angels	jinna / jinnaaji	Jinn are a distinct category of spirit-being in regional Islamic/folk belief; must never be conflated with the Holy Spirit, the “spirits in prison” of 3:19, or angels (malaykaaji)
Devil / spiritual adversary	any implied endorsement of amulet, gris-gris, or marabout-mediated barke protection	1 Peter 5:8-9 calls for resistance through faith in Christ, not protective charms
Gentle and quiet spirit (3:4)	bare Ruuhu	Reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit per baseline rule; here the sense is a personal disposition, not the Spirit of God
Chosen race / holy nation	any rendering implying the church replaces or requires abandoning one’s biological leñol (clan) or the Islamic ummah is directly identical to the church	Both require explicit theological distinction, not assumed equivalence

This glossary must be loaded alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md and the Romans-baseline translation_memory.json before Phase 2 translation of 1 Peter begins. All entries marked NEW require entry into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) with theologian and native-speaker sign-off before enforcement, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s new-term protocol.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: Arjunde
Transliteration: arjunde
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: yurmeende (reserve for ‘mercy/compassion’ generally, not unmerited favor specifically), barke (blessing, avoid as a substitute)
Original: χάρις
Category: Grace

CRITICAL: arjunde is attested in regional Fulfulde religious usage for divine favor/reward, but as Arabic-influenced vocabulary shared with Islamic usage, it is generally understood there as responsive to piety and good deeds rather than wholly unmerited. barke must never substitute. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter pairs Arjunde with suffering repeatedly (1:13, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12); the ‘apart from merit’ contrast must be reaffirmed in each new suffering context, not assumed already understood.]

Salvation

Approved rendering: kisal
Transliteration: kisal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dancal (protection, never as a stand-alone substitute), aljanna (paradise, never as a stand-alone gloss for salvation itself)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

CRITICAL: Islamic soteriology has no atonement framework, understanding paradise-entry as Allah’s mercy weighed against deeds. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5’s certainty language (‘ready to be revealed’) and 1:9’s ‘salvation of your souls’ (kisal wonkiiji mon) are strong, explicit counters to deeds-weighing uncertainty and must be taught directly.]

Resurrection

Approved rendering: immorde e maayde
Transliteration: immorde e maayde
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: immorde ka maayde (dialectal variant, confirm regionally)

CRITICAL: mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 denies the crucifixion occurred at all. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3 makes this resurrection the ground of the epistle’s thesis ‘living hope’ (jortaare wuurndu); recurs at 1:21, 3:18, 3:21 (‘through the resurrection of Jesus Christ’), each requiring plain, direct restatement of the historical claim.]

Messiah

Approved rendering: Almasiihu
Transliteration: Almasiihu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

CRITICAL: shared vocabulary with the Quranic al-Masih must not be mistaken for shared belief. [Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 1 Peter’s titular Christological statements (‘sufferings of Almasiihu,’ 1:11; ‘sanctify Almasiihu as Lord,’ 3:15; ‘Almasiihu tampii gootol,’ 3:18) in contexts Islamic theology explicitly denies (real suffering, real death, deity); see christ_name entry below for the distinct name-element Kiristu.]

Christ Name

Approved rendering: Kiristu
Transliteration: Kiristu
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: Almasiihu (reserve for the titular ‘Messiah/Christ’ sense in doctrinal statements; never interchange mid-document with Kiristu)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

NEW formal entry, though built entirely on the baseline’s own transliteration standard (12_ai_translation_requirements.md). Kiristu is the name-element paired with Yeesu (‘Yeesu Kiristu’) used throughout 1 Peter’s greetings and closings, distinct from Almasiihu, which renders the titular ‘Christ/Messiah’ sense in doctrinal statements (‘sufferings of Almasiihu’). Both forms must be used consistently in their respective contexts and never interchanged.

Spirit Of Christ

Approved rendering: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo Almasiihu
Transliteration: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo Almasiihu
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture / Trinity
Rejected alternatives: bare ruuhu (never), jinna/jinnaaji (never)
Original: πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: God

NEW. 1 Peter 1:11 identifies the Holy Spirit as the one who inspired OT prophets to foretell Christ’s sufferings and glory — an explicit Trinitarian claim requiring direct teaching, not assumption, given readers’ likely unfamiliarity with a Trinitarian prophetology. Must always render as a full form of Ruuhu Ceniiɗo, never abbreviated.

New Birth Born Again

Approved rendering: jibingol kesam
Transliteration: jibingol kesam
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection / New Birth
Rejected alternatives: any reincarnation- or rebirth-cycle-adjacent phrasing, reduction to a metaphor for moral self-improvement
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Living Hope of the Resurrection

NEW, no crystallized Fulfulde theological precedent exists (1 Peter 1:3, 1:23). Must be taught as a real, one-time, God-caused spiritual event. Mandatory theologian and native-speaker confirmation before deployment given total absence of prior attestation.

Living Hope

Approved rendering: jortaare wuurndu
Transliteration: jortaare wuurndu
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: jortaare alone (reads as generic optimism), framing that collapses into Islamic rajā’ (deeds-conditioned hope), framing that collapses into natal (fatalistic predetermination)
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Living Hope of the Resurrection

NEW, curriculum thesis term (core passage 1 Peter 1:3-9). Its certainty rests on a completed historical event (Christ’s resurrection), not a pending evaluation. Highest-consistency-stakes coinage in the whole curriculum; must render identically at every occurrence.

Ransomed Redeemed

Approved rendering: soodaa
Transliteration: soodaa
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: reduction to a bare commercial transaction
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering

NEW (1 Peter 1:18). Powerful liberation imagery intersecting sensitively with historical memory of slave markets across the Sahel; must be taught as substitutionary, sacrificial liberation through Christ’s own blood, and explicitly contrasted with Islamic soteriology’s total absence of any ransom/atonement framework.

Lamb Without Blemish

Approved rendering: baali ɗo bonɗi walaa
Transliteration: baali ɗo bonɗi walaa
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering

CRITICAL (1 Peter 1:19). Sheep/lamb imagery resonates deeply with Fulani pastoralist culture but also strongly overlaps with the Islamic Eid al-Adha (Eid al-Kabir) commemorative, non-atoning sacrificial-lamb tradition. Must explicitly teach the difference from Christ’s real, final, substitutionary sacrifice. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.

Bore Our Sins In His Body

Approved rendering: o ronnii bakkaatuuji e ɓalndu makko, dow lekki
Transliteration: o ronnii bakkaatuuji e ɓalndu makko, dow lekki
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: abstract ‘took away’ verb (weakens the substitutionary/carrying weight of the image)
Original: τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering

CRITICAL. The epistle’s central substitutionary-atonement statement (1 Peter 2:24). Uses a carrying-verb (ronnii, load-bearing, resonant with pastoralist livestock-transport imagery) rather than an abstract ‘took away.’ Requires direct engagement with mainstream Sunni crucifixion-denial; has no parallel category in Islamic theology. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.

By His Wounds Healed

Approved rendering: sabu gaɗe makko ɓe sellii
Transliteration: sabu gaɗe makko ɓe sellii
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: a promise of physical healing alone (too narrow)
Original: τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἰάθητε
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering

CRITICAL. Direct quotation of Isaiah 53:5 (1 Peter 2:24). Must be taught as primarily spiritual healing/restoration accomplished through Christ’s suffering, not a this-worldly healing guarantee.

Sufferings Of Christ

Approved rendering: torra Almasiihu
Transliteration: torra Almasiihu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: παθήματα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology

CRITICAL. Recurs at 1:11, 2:21-23, 3:18, 4:1, 4:13, 5:1. Directly collides with mainstream Sunni denial that Jesus was crucified at all (Quran 4:157); must be stated plainly and repeatedly, never softened or left implicit.

Put To Death In Flesh Made Alive In Spirit

Approved rendering: o maayi ka ɓalndu makko, ammaa o wuurtinaa e Ruuhu
Transliteration: o maayi ka ɓalndu makko, ammaa o wuurtinaa e Ruuhu
Doctrine: Resurrection and Ascension of Christ
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology

CRITICAL (1 Peter 3:18). A direct, unavoidable engagement point with crucifixion-denial doctrine; both halves (real death, real resurrection-life) must be stated with equal clarity so neither is read as merely apparent or metaphorical.

Sanctify Christ As Lord

Approved rendering: senin Almasiihu Joom ka ɓerɗe mon
Transliteration: senin Almasiihu Joom ka ɓerɗe mon
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Sanctify Christ as Lord)
Original: Κύριον δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Category: Christology

CRITICAL (1 Peter 3:15). Applies an OT command originally about YHWH himself (Isaiah 8:13 LXX) directly to Christ — one of the strongest deity-of-Christ statements in the NT. Directly contested by strict Tawhid doctrine; must never be softened.

Christ Suffered Once For Sins

Approved rendering: Almasiihu tampii gootol tan sabu bakkaatuuji, kanko peewɗo, wonannde bonɓe
Transliteration: Almasiihu tampii gootol tan sabu bakkaatuuji, kanko peewɗo, wonannde bonɓe
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Salvation

CRITICAL (1 Peter 3:18). The clearest single substitutionary-atonement formula in 1 Peter: the innocent Christ suffering once for the guilty. No parallel category exists anywhere in Islamic soteriology. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.

Salvation Of Souls

Approved rendering: kisal wonkiiji mon
Transliteration: kisal wonkiiji mon
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία ψυχῶν
Category: Salvation

NEW combination (1 Peter 1:9), combining baseline-Critical kisal with the new term wonkii (soul); together they convey the full, final deliverance of the whole redeemed person, grounded in Christ’s finished work rather than a deeds-weighing process.

Idolatry

Approved rendering: sujjude sanamuuji
Transliteration: sujjude sanamuuji
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Former Pagan Life
Rejected alternatives: shirku (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — the precise term Islamic theology uses to accuse Christian Trinitarian/incarnational doctrine itself)
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Holiness in Conduct

CRITICAL (1 Peter 4:3). Rendered with concrete sanam (idol/image) rather than the abstract Islamic theological term shirku, to avoid dangerously blurring which ‘association with God’ is actually condemned.

Holy Royal Priesthood

Approved rendering: kawtal laamateeri seniingal
Transliteration: kawtal laamateeri seniingal
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: julɓe (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — means ‘Muslims’ in ordinary Fulfulde usage), alfa (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — regional term for an Islamic cleric/marabout)
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood

CRITICAL (1 Peter 2:5, 2:9). No baseline equivalent exists. Must be taught explicitly as the whole body of believers sharing priestly access, not a specialized clerical caste. Mandatory human theologian review before any deployment.

Spiritual Sacrifices

Approved rendering: sadaka ruuhaninaaji
Transliteration: sadaka ruuhaninaaji
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: θυσίαι πνευματικαί
Category: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood

CRITICAL (1 Peter 2:5). sadaka is deeply embedded in regional Islamic practice (almsgiving, ritual offering, Eid animal sacrifice). Must explicitly teach these ‘sacrifices’ as praise, obedience, and good works offered THROUGH Christ’s completed sacrifice, not a repeatable ritual-offering or almsgiving system.

Chosen Race

Approved rendering: leñol suɓaangol
Transliteration: leñol suɓaangol
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood

CRITICAL (1 Peter 2:9). Major collision point: leñol is the central Fulani socio-genealogical clan-lineage identity category. Must be taught explicitly as NOT replacing or dissolving one’s biological leñol/ethnic belonging.

Holy Nation

Approved rendering: leƴƴi ceniingi
Transliteration: leƴƴi ceniingi
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood

CRITICAL (1 Peter 2:9). Risks direct mapping onto the Islamic ummah concept. Must be taught explicitly as distinct: defined by union with Christ through faith, not by shared religious law-observance or ethnic-political community.

Elders

Approved rendering: mawɓe kawtal
Transliteration: mawɓe kawtal
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: mawɓe alone (generic age-based social status, insufficiently specific), alfa/imam-modeled clerical-authority framing (never)
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Elders and Humility

CRITICAL (1 Peter 5:1-4). Positive cultural bridge with Pulaaku’s age-based elder-respect, but this is a distinct church office of spiritual oversight, exercised as sub-shepherds under Christ, and must also be distinguished from Islamic clerical authority. Mandatory theologian review.

Submission To Authority

Approved rendering: ɗoftagol laamɓe
Transliteration: ɗoftagol laamɓe
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάγητε πάσῃ ἀνθρωπίνῃ κτίσει
Category: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance

CRITICAL (1 Peter 2:13). Given the historic memory of the Fulani-led Sokoto Caliphate’s Sharia-based political-religious authority, must be carefully distinguished from ummah-style political-religious submission; submission here is for the Lord’s sake.

Fellow Heirs Of Grace Of Life

Approved rendering: ronooɓe gootto arjunde nguurndam
Transliteration: ronooɓe gootto arjunde nguurndam
Doctrine: Marriage and Household Submission
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Holiness in Conduct

CRITICAL (1 Peter 3:7), reuses baseline-Critical Arjunde. Affirms full spiritual equality of husband and wife before God; must not be dropped or softened when teaching the weaker-vessel passage.

Suffer For Righteousness Sake

Approved rendering: tampeede sabu peewal
Transliteration: tampeede sabu peewal
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχοιτε διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake

CRITICAL (1 Peter 3:14, cf. 4:16), reuses baseline peewal. Must be taught as suffering that comes specifically BECAUSE one does right, not general hardship, and never divine punishment for sin.

Approved rendering: jokkondirgol e torra Almasiihu
Transliteration: jokkondirgol e torra Almasiihu
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: natal-framed fatalistic acceptance of suffering (never)
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake

CRITICAL (1 Peter 4:13). Must be distinguished from fatalistic natal and taught as active, joyful participatory union with Christ, resonant with but going beyond Pulaaku’s munyal.

Proclaimed To Spirits In Prison

Approved rendering: o wewlanii ruuhuuji ɗi ngoni ka kaso
Transliteration: o wewlanii ruuhuuji ɗi ngoni ka kaso
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Rejected alternatives: jinna/jinnaaji (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN), any wording implying post-mortem ‘second chance’ salvation, any wording implying mediumship/necromancy-like practice
Original: τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits

CRITICAL. Highest-caution passage in the entire curriculum, exegetically debated even in Greek scholarship. Requires a dedicated theological briefing note beyond this entry. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.

God Of All Grace Restore

Approved rendering: Alla, Jom-arjunde fof, mo noddi on e manaango makko duumiingo… kanko O ɗeenoya, O tabitina, O semmbinta, O fewjana on
Transliteration: Alla, Jom-arjunde fof, mo noddi on e manaango makko duumiingo… kanko O ɗeenoya, O tabitina, O semmbinta, O fewjana on
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Providence
Original: ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος… αὐτὸς καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Grace

CRITICAL (1 Peter 5:10-11). The epistle’s doxological climax, combining Arjunde, noddaaɗo/noddaandi, and manaango. Must be treated with the same consistency rigor the baseline requires for Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10.

Baptism

Approved rendering: lootagol batisma
Transliteration: lootagol batisma
Doctrine: Baptism as Appeal, Not Ritual Cleansing
Rejected alternatives: loot- alone, unqualified (risks reading as wuduu/ghusl ritual ablution)
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits

CRITICAL (1 Peter 3:21). No baseline equivalent exists. The text itself explicitly rejects a purely external, cleansing-ritual reading (‘not a removal of dirt from the body’); leverage this directly against Islamic ritual ablution. Mandatory theologian and native-speaker review; confirm transliterated element batisma against the specific regional dialect’s existing NT translation.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: Linjiila
Transliteration: Linjiila
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabaaru moƴƴo (acceptable as an explanatory gloss, ‘good news’)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel

Linjiila (from Arabic al-Injil via existing regional Bible translation work) is the term used in the existing Fulfulde/Pular New Testament translations, but recognition varies by dialect region and by whether a reader’s exposure has been Islamic (where al-Injil is understood as a scripture given to Isa and later corrupted, per the tahrif doctrine) or Christian. This tension must be addressed explicitly, and the term’s currency should be reconfirmed against the specific dialect translation in local use before this curriculum is deployed. [Inherited from Romans package. Used in 1 Peter 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17; the tahrif-doctrine risk recurs at each occurrence and must be reaffirmed alongside 1:23-25’s ‘living and abiding word’ language.]

Faith

Approved rendering: gomɗinal
Transliteration: gomɗinal
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: hoolaare (trust, acceptable as a supporting synonym)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

gomɗinal is the general term for belief/faith; ‘faith’ can default to confessional religious identity (assumed Islamic by default) rather than personal, saving trust in Christ specifically. [Inherited from Romans package. The object of faith (the risen, suffering-and-glorified Christ) must always be recoverable from context throughout 1 Peter, e.g. 1:5, 1:7-9, 1:21, 5:9.]

Righteousness

Approved rendering: peewal
Transliteration: peewal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: nunɗal (fairness/justice, too civic)

peewal (‘straightness/uprightness’) risks being heard as good moral character rather than a status received by faith. [Inherited from Romans package. Central to 1 Peter’s ‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’ doctrine (tampeede sabu peewal, 3:14, cf. 4:16) and to 2:24’s ‘die to sin and live to righteousness.’]

Apostle

Approved rendering: nulaaɗo
Transliteration: nulaaɗo
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasuulu (never use; the Arabic-derived title reserved in Islamic usage for Muhammad as ‘the Messenger’)

nulaaɗo is deliberately chosen to avoid rasuulu. [Inherited from Romans package. Used in 1 Peter 1:1, ‘Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ’; must maintain the same consistent avoidance of rasuulu.]

Saints

Approved rendering: seniiɓe
Transliteration: seniiɓe
Doctrine: Sainthood

Plural form of ceniiɗo, unmistakably corporate. [Inherited from Romans package. Available for 1 Peter’s parallel corporate address (1:2’s ‘elect exiles… for obedience,’ 2:9’s ‘holy nation’), though this letter does not use the exact ‘saints’ address found in Romans 1:7; retained for consistency across the wider curriculum library.]

Sanctification

Approved rendering: ceniinde
Transliteration: ceniinde
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓal (ritual/ceremonial purification, avoid as a substitute)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

ceniinde is a plausible derived form, not yet crystallized across dialects. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2 names this ‘the sanctification of the Spirit’ as the means by which the elect are made obedient; must be kept distinct from laaɓal (Islamic-ablution-adjacent ritual purification) exactly as in Romans, and consistently through 1:22’s ‘purified souls’ (ceniinaama wonkiiji).]

Lord

Approved rendering: Joom
Transliteration: Joom
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Laamiiɗo (reserve for ‘ruler/king’ in political contexts, avoid as the primary term for divine Lordship to prevent conflation with historic Caliphate rulership)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Joom is preferred; Laamiiɗo carries Sokoto Caliphate political resonance. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 3:15’s ‘sanctify Christ as Lord’ (senin Almasiihu Joom ka ɓerɗe mon) applies an OT command about YHWH directly to Christ using this exact term; 1 Peter 2:13’s human ‘king/governor’ (laamiiɗo/jaɓɓoowo) is a deliberate, correct contrastive use of the reserved word for a human ruler, not Christ.]

God

Approved rendering: Alla
Transliteration: Alla
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God

Alla is the universal term for God across Muslim and Christian Fulfulde speakers. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter’s repeated address to ‘the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:3) must be read in explicitly Trinitarian, Christ-centered terms, not assumed automatically from standard regional Islamic usage of the same word.]

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Transliteration: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ruuhu (never use alone), jinna (never use; a jinn/spirit being in Islamic and West African folk belief)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Must always be used in full. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:11’s ‘Spirit of Christ’ and 1 Peter 3:19’s ‘spirits in prison’ both create heightened risk of jinn-conflation if this rule is not held with maximum rigor; see the new spirit_of_christ and proclaimed_to_spirits_in_prison entries below.]

Election

Approved rendering: suɓagol
Transliteration: suɓagol
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate/lot, use with caution)
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

God’s sovereign personal choice, distinct from natal (al-qadar). [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1-2, 2:9 both use this election language; must be kept distinct from natal exactly as in Romans, now compounded by the new foreknowledge term below.]

Power Of God

Approved rendering: doole Alla
Transliteration: doole Alla
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: barke (marabout-associated spiritual power/blessing, never use)

Must be kept categorically distinct from barke. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5’s ‘guarded by God’s power’ concentrates this risk acutely, since the verse is precisely about protection, the exact domain where amulets/barke are sought regionally; doole Alla must always be anchored to God’s own direct, unmediated action.]

Sin

Approved rendering: bakkaatu
Transliteration: bakkaatu
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: fenaande (mistake/lie, too weak)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Well established, shared with Islamic usage. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter uses bakkaatu both for ordinary human sin (2:22, 2:24, 4:1) and, critically, as the object of Christ’s substitutionary suffering (2:24, 3:18) — this atoning use has no parallel in Islamic theology and must be flagged wherever it occurs.]

Providence

Approved rendering: welsindiigal Alla
Transliteration: welsindiigal Alla
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate/al-qadar, use with caution), hasara (misfortune/chance, never use)

States plainly God’s personal, purposive care. [Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 5:6-11’s doxological climax (‘casting all your anxieties on him… the God of all grace’) and 4:19’s ‘faithful Creator’; must be distinguished from natal and hasara exactly as in Romans, with the same Romans-8:28-level consistency rigor applied to 1 Peter 5:10-11.]

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: ɗoftagol iwdi e gomɗinal
Transliteration: ɗoftagol iwdi e gomɗinal
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ɗoftagol sariya (obedience to law/rules, a works-based misreading)

Compound phrase keeping obedience as the fruit and expression of faith. [Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 1:2, 1:14, and 1:22’s obedience-to-truth language; ɗoftagol sariya must not substitute, given the risk of readers defaulting to a Sharia-observance framework, and this root is distinct from the new submission_to_authority compound (ɗoftagol laamɓe), which concerns civil submission specifically.]

Mercy

Approved rendering: yurmeende
Transliteration: yurmeende
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: Arjunde (reserve for unmerited favor specifically, not compassion generally)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Grace

NEW formal entry building on the baseline’s existing reservation of yurmeende for ‘mercy/compassion generally.’ 1 Peter 1:3 makes God’s mercy the explicit ground of the new birth (‘according to his great mercy’); must not be heard as Allah’s mercy weighed reciprocally against a person’s piety/deeds, the dominant regional Islamic soteriological framework — God’s initiative must be stated as prior to and independent of human merit.

Faithful Creator

Approved rendering: Tagoowo hoolaaɗo
Transliteration: Tagoowo hoolaaɗo
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: Tagoowo alone (unpaired, risks an abstract creator-attribute reading identical to Islamic al-Khāliq without covenantal-faithfulness content)
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God

NEW. 1 Peter 4:19 grounds endurance under suffering in this twofold divine identity. Tagoowo is a genuine point of contact with Islamic al-Khāliq, but must always be paired with hoolaaɗo so the emphasis falls on God’s personal, covenantal reliability toward sufferers.

Inheritance

Approved rendering: ndonu
Transliteration: ndonu
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Living Hope of the Resurrection

NEW. ndonu is a live, heavily regulated concept in regional Sharia inheritance law (mīrāth, fixed shares), a major topic in Fulani Islamic scholarship. 1 Peter 1:4’s spiritual, undivided, imperishable inheritance must be explicitly distinguished from calculated legal shares; always carry the qualifiers ‘imperishable, unfading, unstained’ as a set.

Precious Blood

Approved rendering: ɓiiƴe tedduɗe
Transliteration: ɓiiƴe tedduɗe
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: teddungal-based phrasing that would conflate cost/preciousness with Pulaaku socially-conferred honor
Original: τίμιον αἷμα
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering

NEW (1 Peter 1:19). Uses tedduɗe (precious/costly) rather than teddungal (Pulaaku honor); care is needed to keep these etymologically related but conceptually distinct terms apart.

Living Stone

Approved rendering: hoggo wuurɗo
Transliteration: hoggo wuurɗo
Doctrine: Christ the Living Stone and Cornerstone
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology

NEW (1 Peter 2:4). No direct Islamic-theology collision, but must not be read literally or confused with a physical shrine/relic; grounds the priesthood doctrine that follows.

Shepherd And Overseer Of Souls

Approved rendering: Gaynako e Reenoowo wonkiiji
Transliteration: Gaynako e Reenoowo wonkiiji
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Christology

NEW (1 Peter 2:25). Strong positive cultural bridge given herding’s centrality to Fulani pastoralist identity; must be clearly marked Christological here, distinct from its reuse for the human office of elder in 5:1-4.

Chief Shepherd

Approved rendering: Gaynako Mawɗo
Transliteration: Gaynako Mawɗo
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology

NEW (1 Peter 5:4). Christ’s supreme headship over the church’s human elder-shepherds. Human elders must be taught as sub-shepherds under Christ’s own authority, never autonomous or Christ-displacing leaders.

Angels Authorities Powers Subjected

Approved rendering: malaykaaji, laamuuji, e doole
Transliteration: malaykaaji, laamuuji, e doole
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Resurrection and Ascension of Christ
Rejected alternatives: jinna/jinnaaji (never)
Original: ἄγγελοι καὶ ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Christology

NEW (1 Peter 3:22). Reinforces Christ’s Lordship over every spiritual power; a strong pastoral resource against fear of jinn or the need for barke-based protection, provided malaykaaji and doole are used exactly as elsewhere and never conflated with jinna.

Soul

Approved rendering: wonkii
Transliteration: wonkii
Doctrine: Anthropology
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology

NEW (1 Peter 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19). Must be taught as denoting the whole redeemed person, distinguished from the Islamic anthropological categories of nafs (lower self/desire) and rūḥ (spirit/breath).

Resist Firm In Faith

Approved rendering: daroraade e gomɗinal, wonaa lo’aade
Transliteration: daroraade e gomɗinal, wonaa lo’aade
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Rejected alternatives: any amulet- or barke-mediated resistance framing
Original: ἀντίστητε στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Faith

NEW (1 Peter 5:9). Faith itself, not amulets or marabout-mediated protection, is the ground of resistance to the spiritual adversary.

Humility

Approved rendering: yankinaare
Transliteration: yankinaare
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: teddungal (near-opposite Pulaaku honor value, never as a substitute)
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Elders and Humility

NEW (1 Peter 5:5). Distinct from teddungal (Pulaaku honor). Must be taught as strength exercised in service, not loss of dignity.

Household Servants

Approved rendering: maccuɓe
Transliteration: maccuɓe
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: οἰκέται
Category: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance

NEW (1 Peter 2:18). Historically and culturally sensitive given the Sahel’s own history of slavery and the rimɓe/maccuɓe social stratification still present in some Fulani communities; must never be taught as endorsing slavery as an institution.

Weaker Vessel

Approved rendering: ndaɓi ndeweende
Transliteration: ndaɓi ndeweende
Doctrine: Marriage and Household Submission
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 3:7). Must always be paired with the immediately-following ‘fellow heirs of the grace of life’ clause to avoid a demeaning reading.

Gentle And Quiet Spirit

Approved rendering: ɓernde deewndu e deeƴndu
Transliteration: ɓernde deewndu e deeƴndu
Doctrine: Marriage and Household Submission
Rejected alternatives: bare Ruuhu (NEVER — reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit)
Original: πραέος καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 3:4). An inner disposition, not the Spirit of God. Risk of being weaponized to demand female silence/passivity beyond the text’s scope requires careful pastoral framing.

Trial Testing

Approved rendering: jarrabuya
Transliteration: jarrabuya
Doctrine: Suffering and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake

NEW (1 Peter 1:6, 4:12). Shared vocabulary with Islamic fitna/imtiḥān testing theology; must be taught with 1 Peter’s certain trajectory toward salvation and glory, not left open-ended.

Fiery Trial

Approved rendering: jarrabuya wano yiite
Transliteration: jarrabuya wano yiite
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake

NEW (1 Peter 4:12), reuses jarrabuya. Must be taught as expected, not a surprising anomaly.

Word Of God

Approved rendering: Konngol Alla
Transliteration: Konngol Alla
Doctrine: Inspiration and Permanence of God’s Word
Original: λόγος Θεοῦ
Category: Scripture

NEW (1 Peter 1:23-25). Ties to the inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine; must be taught as permanently trustworthy — direct engagement with the tahrif challenge.

Foreknowledge

Approved rendering: annditaari Alla ko adii
Transliteration: annditaari Alla ko adii
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: natal (never unqualified)
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Providence

NEW (1 Peter 1:2). Grounds election in God’s eternal plan, not human merit; must be kept distinct from natal exactly as baseline’s suɓagol/welsindiigal Alla require.

Sprinkling Of Blood

Approved rendering: wullitaari ɓiiƴe
Transliteration: wullitaari ɓiiƴe
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge / Covenant
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant

NEW (1 Peter 1:2). Covenant-ratification imagery from Exodus 24; requires explicit Sinai background teaching; connects forward to 1:19’s ‘precious blood.‘

Sojourners Exiles

Approved rendering: setaaɓe e hoɗuɓe seeɗa
Transliteration: setaaɓe e hoɗuɓe seeɗa
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Elect Sojourners
Original: παρεπίδημοι / πάροικοι
Category: Christian Identity in Christ

NEW (1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11). Positive resonance with Fulani pastoralist transhumance, but must be taught as spiritual identity, never literal ethnic displacement, alongside Pulaaku’s settled leñol belonging.

Angels

Approved rendering: malaykaaji
Transliteration: malaykaaji
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: jinna/jinnaaji (never)
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits

NEW (1 Peter 1:12, 3:22). Shared vocabulary with Islamic malā’ika, a genuine point of contact, but must be kept absolutely distinct from jinna/jinnaaji.

Devil Adversary

Approved rendering: Sayɗaan
Transliteration: Sayɗaan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Rejected alternatives: jinna/jinnaaji (never), any amulet/gris-gris/marabout-mediated barke protection framing (never)
Original: διάβολος / ἀντίδικος
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits

NEW (1 Peter 5:8-9). Shared vocabulary with Islamic Shaytān; must be taught as a personal, already-defeated enemy resisted through faith in Christ specifically.

Gospel Preached To The Dead

Approved rendering: Linjiila waajaama wonande maayɓe
Transliteration: Linjiila waajaama wonande maayɓe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Living and the Dead
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Eschatology

NEW (1 Peter 4:6), reuses baseline Linjiila. One of the most debated phrases in the epistle; flag for theologian review to avoid being read as license for post-mortem salvation opportunity; teach alongside 3:18-22’s caution.

Love Agape

Approved rendering: yiɗde / giggol
Transliteration: yiɗde / giggol
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: Sufi maḥabba-framed mystical love mediated through a marabout (never)
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 1:8, 4:8). yiɗde covers all categories of love without lexically distinguishing agapē’s selfless, worship-directed sense; must be taught explicitly as devoted love toward Christ personally and self-giving love within the church.

Stewards Of Grace

Approved rendering: jom-topotooɓe arjunde Alla nde ɓura keewde
Transliteration: jom-topotooɓe arjunde Alla nde ɓura keewde
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: οἰκονόμοι ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Gifts

NEW (1 Peter 4:10), reuses baseline-Critical Arjunde. Reinforces that gifts are received, not earned or possessed.

Casting Anxiety On God

Approved rendering: werlaade sunaare mon fof e Alla
Transliteration: werlaade sunaare mon fof e Alla
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Providence
Original: ἐπιρίψαντες πᾶσαν τὴν μέριμναν ὑμῶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν
Category: Providence

NEW (1 Peter 5:7). Connects to baseline welsindiigal Alla; must be distinguished from natal and hasara, which must never substitute.

Fear Reverence

Approved rendering: kulol
Transliteration: kulol
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: φόβος
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 1:17, 2:17, 3:2). Genuine point of contact with Islamic taqwa, but risks collapsing filial reverence into Sharia-style rule-compliance; must be taught as reverence toward a beloved Father-Judge.

Medium Risk Terms

Called

Approved rendering: noddaaɗo
Transliteration: noddaaɗo
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: torraaɗo (invited, too weak)

Context-sensitive across distinct senses. [Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10, calling ranges across holiness, priesthood-identity, endurance-under-suffering, and final glory; the active sense must be checked per occurrence.]

Calling

Approved rendering: noddaandi
Transliteration: noddaandi
Doctrine: Divine Calling

Noun form for the act/state of being called. [Inherited from Romans package. Confirm regional currency with native speakers as in the baseline; no additional 1 Peter-specific risk beyond the baseline’s own caution.]

Holy

Approved rendering: ceniiɗo
Transliteration: ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓɗo (physically clean, reserve for ritual/physical cleanliness only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

ceniiɗo is the best-attested term; laaɓɗo must be kept distinct. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:15-16 grounds Christian holiness directly in a Leviticus quotation (‘be holy, for I am holy’); the ceniin-/laaɓ- distinction is load-bearing throughout the letter’s holiness-in-conduct material, e.g. 2:1-3’s ‘pure spiritual milk,’ where laaɓ- (physical purity of milk) must not bleed into ceniin- (moral holiness).]

Jesus

Approved rendering: Yeesu
Transliteration: Yeesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Iisa (the Quranic Arabic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Yeesu is used in existing Fulfulde/Pular Christian Bible translation work; Iisa must be avoided in doctrinal exposition. [Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 1 Peter in the fixed compound ‘Yeesu Kiristu’; never substitute Iisa, especially given the letter’s direct engagement with crucifixion-denial doctrine.]

Father

Approved rendering: Baaba
Transliteration: Baaba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Baaba (capitalized) for God as Father is standard and doctrinally clear. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:17 also invokes God as an impartial Father-Judge, which must be held together with the intimacy of Baaba without collapsing into a purely legal frame.]

Glory

Approved rendering: manaango
Transliteration: manaango
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: teddungal (reserve for human honor/dignity in Pulaaku contexts, avoid as the primary term for God’s glory)

manaango is preferred; teddungal denotes socially-conferred human honor. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter uses manaango repeatedly (1:7-8, 1:11, 1:21, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10); 1:7’s ‘honor’ (teddungal Alla hokkata, God-given honor) requires careful three-way fencing against both manaango and Pulaaku teddungal, per 07_semantic_analysis.md.]

Prophet

Approved rendering: annabi
Transliteration: annabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture

Standard and shared with Islamic usage. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:10-12’s ‘prophets searched and inquired carefully’ must not be read as fitting a Quranic prophetology (each new prophet superseding the last) rather than a unified, progressively unfolding covenant history culminating in Christ.]

Prophecy

Approved rendering: annabaawo
Transliteration: annabaawo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

A derived form for prophetic declaration. [Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 1:10-12’s account of OT prophets foretelling ‘the sufferings of Christ and the subsequent glories.’]

Covenant

Approved rendering: alkawal
Transliteration: alkawal
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

Used in existing Fulfulde New Testament translation titles. [Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 1:2’s ‘sprinkling of blood’ (wullitaari ɓiiƴe), which requires explicit Sinai/Exodus 24 covenant-ratification background not native to most readers’ existing biblical knowledge base.]

Church

Approved rendering: kawtal
Transliteration: kawtal
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Native-rooted term deliberately avoiding Arabic-Islamic-institution vocabulary. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter never uses a direct equivalent of ekklēsia, but the concept underlies 2:4-10’s ‘spiritual house’ and 5:1-4’s eldership; kawtal is also the root component of the new holy_royal_priesthood compound below.]

Gentiles

Approved rendering: leƴƴi goo
Transliteration: leƴƴi goo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles

Descriptive rendering avoiding a pejorative charge. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:12’s ‘honorable conduct among the Gentiles’ (leƴƴi goo) and 4:3’s list of former Gentile vices both use this root; must be held distinct from the new holy_nation entry, which describes the church itself, not outsiders.]

Peace

Approved rendering: jam
Transliteration: jam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: deeƴre (calm/stillness, too passive/psychological)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Peace

Deeply established, high-frequency word central to Sahelian daily social life. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:14’s closing benediction (‘peace to all of you who are in Christ’) must be distinguished from the everyday greeting-register sense of jam, exactly as the baseline requires for Romans.]

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: dokkal Ruuhu
Transliteration: dokkal Ruuhu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: barke (Sufi-associated blessing/spiritual power, avoid as a substitute)
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Spiritual Gifts

Descriptive compound; barke must not substitute. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:10 uses this for Spirit-given enablement ‘to serve one another’; paired in this letter with the new stewards_of_grace compound below.]

Cornerstone Stumbling Stone

Approved rendering: hoggo fuɗnitiiɗo / hoggo pergitirgal
Transliteration: hoggo fuɗnitiiɗo / hoggo pergitirgal
Doctrine: Christ the Living Stone and Cornerstone
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος / λίθος προσκόμματος
Category: Christology

NEW (1 Peter 2:6-8). Descriptive compounds; no established single Fulfulde architectural-theological term exists.

Genuineness Of Faith

Approved rendering: goongɗugol gomɗinal
Transliteration: goongɗugol gomɗinal
Doctrine: Suffering and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith

NEW (1 Peter 1:7). Trials prove rather than create genuine faith, a distinction worth making explicit given regional familiarity with testing-as-proof concepts (fitna/imtiḥān).

Purified Souls

Approved rendering: ceniinaama wonkiiji
Transliteration: ceniinaama wonkiiji
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: laaɓ- root (ritual/physical purity, never for this sense)
Original: ἡγνικότες τὰς ψυχάς
Category: Sanctification

NEW (1 Peter 1:22). Must use the ceniin- root (moral/religious purity), never laaɓ- (ritual/physical purity reserved for ablution-adjacent contexts).

Holiness In Conduct

Approved rendering: jikku moƴƴo
Transliteration: jikku moƴƴo
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφὴ καλή
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 2:12). Central to the curriculum’s Holiness-in-Conduct doctrine — holiness is publicly observable among a Muslim-majority neighborhood, not merely internal or ritual.

Good Conscience

Approved rendering: hakkille laaɓɗo
Transliteration: hakkille laaɓɗo
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct / Baptism
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 3:16, 3:21). Descriptive compound connecting the ethics chapters to the baptism passage.

Spiritual House

Approved rendering: suudu Ruuhu
Transliteration: suudu Ruuhu
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood

NEW (1 Peter 2:5). Descriptive compound; must be kept distinct from any physical shrine or building.

Peoples For Gods Possession

Approved rendering: yimɓe Alla ɓe O jogii
Transliteration: yimɓe Alla ɓe O jogii
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood

NEW (1 Peter 2:9). Reinforces exclusive belonging to God rather than to any earthly religious-political community.

Brotherly Love

Approved rendering: giggol musidal
Transliteration: giggol musidal
Doctrine: Church
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church

NEW (1 Peter 1:22, 3:8). Descriptive compound distinct from generic yiɗde (love); emphasizes family-like affection within the church.

Brotherhood

Approved rendering: musiɗaagal gomɗinɓe
Transliteration: musiɗaagal gomɗinɓe
Doctrine: Church
Original: ἀδελφότης
Category: Church

NEW (1 Peter 2:17, 5:9). Reinforces global solidarity in shared suffering among all believers, pastorally important for a minority-Christian Fulani audience.

Unfading Crown Of Glory

Approved rendering: kuɓeewal manaango ɗo yoolataa
Transliteration: kuɓeewal manaango ɗo yoolataa
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ὁ ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος
Category: Elders and Humility

NEW (1 Peter 5:4), reuses baseline manaango. Contrasted with perishable earthly honors, resonant with pastoralist herd-wealth vulnerable to drought/disease/raiding.

King Governor

Approved rendering: laamiiɗo / jaɓɓoowo
Transliteration: laamiiɗo / jaɓɓoowo
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: βασιλεύς, ἡγεμών
Category: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance

NEW (1 Peter 2:13-14, 17). Laamiiɗo, elsewhere avoided as the primary term for Christ’s Lordship, is here correctly applied to a human ruler; this deliberate contrast (human Laamiiɗo vs. Christ’s Joom) should be made explicit.

Example To Follow

Approved rendering: misal
Transliteration: misal
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance

NEW (1 Peter 2:21). Must be held together with Christ’s suffering as substitutionary (accomplished FOR believers) and as exemplary (a pattern believers CAN imitate).

Hidden Person Of The Heart

Approved rendering: neɗɗo suuɗiiɗo ka ɓernde
Transliteration: neɗɗo suuɗiiɗo ka ɓernde
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος
Category: Holiness in Conduct

NEW (1 Peter 3:4). Emphasizes internal character over external adornment.

Noah Ark

Approved rendering: Nuuha / laana
Transliteration: Nuuha / laana
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: Νῶε / κιβωτός
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits

NEW (1 Peter 3:20). Nuuha is shared with the Quranic Nuh narrative, a point of contact; the ark-to-baptism typological use is distinctively Christian and must be taught as such, not assumed shared.

Judgment Of Living And Dead

Approved rendering: ñaawa wuurɓe e maayɓe
Transliteration: ñaawa wuurɓe e maayɓe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Living and the Dead
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology

NEW (1 Peter 4:5). Standard eschatological judgment language; a strong point of contact with the well-developed Islamic Yawm al-Qiyamah framework.

Love Covers Sins

Approved rendering: giggol ɗon suuɗa bakkaatuuji keewɗi
Transliteration: giggol ɗon suuɗa bakkaatuuji keewɗi
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Spiritual Gifts
Original: ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Church

NEW (1 Peter 4:8). A practical community ethic, not a soteriological statement; must not be confused with, or allowed to compete with, the substitutionary atonement statements elsewhere in the epistle.

Christian Name

Approved rendering: Kirisiyeejo / Kirisiyeeɓe
Transliteration: Kirisiyeejo / Kirisiyeeɓe
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Christian Identity in Christ

NEW (1 Peter 4:16), built on the established transliteration Kiristu. The self-designation ‘Christian’ as an identity marker worth suffering for; confirm regional currency with native speakers before wide deployment.

Kiss Of Love

Approved rendering: cuɓal giggol
Transliteration: cuɓal giggol
Doctrine: Church
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Church

NEW (1 Peter 5:14). Should be adapted, not necessarily literally reenacted, in target-culture greeting customs (cf. the deep Fulfulde greeting tradition around jam and teddungal).

Defense Reasoned Answer

Approved rendering: jaabtaari
Transliteration: jaabtaari
Doctrine: Apologetics
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Apologetics

NEW (1 Peter 3:15). Directly relevant to real interfaith questioning likely in Fulani communities; should be taught with the verse’s own qualification of gentleness and respect.

Inexpressible Joy

Approved rendering: weltaare nde wonaa haala
Transliteration: weltaare nde wonaa haala
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος
Category: Living Hope of the Resurrection

NEW (1 Peter 1:8). Connects present joy to the future glory promised in 1:7.

Low Risk Terms

Fellowship

Approved rendering: diisnondiral
Transliteration: diisnondiral
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship

Descriptive term for shared community. [Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the shared-suffering solidarity language of 1 Peter 5:9’s ‘brotherhood throughout the world,’ rendered separately as the new brotherhood entry below.]

Exhort

Approved rendering: wallitde
Transliteration: wallitde
Doctrine: Mutual Edification

Context-sensitive: torraade for urgent appeal, wallitde/semmbinde for edification. [Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:1’s ‘I exhort the elders’ and 2:11’s ‘I urge you as sojourners’ both use this root; confirm which sense (entreaty vs. encouragement) is active per occurrence.]

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: yettoore
Transliteration: yettoore
Doctrine: Thanksgiving

Standard term, no significant risk. [Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to 1 Peter 1:3’s opening doxological register (‘Blessed be the God and Father…’), rendered in this curriculum’s semantic analysis as Yettaama.]

Hospitality

Approved rendering: jaɓɓaari koreeji
Transliteration: jaɓɓaari koreeji
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Spiritual Gifts
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church

NEW (1 Peter 4:9). Strong positive cultural bridge; regional hospitality norms toward strangers/travelers are already highly developed among Fulani and neighboring Sahelian communities.

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