Core Glossary
Core Glossary
1 Timothy | Fulfulde Destination-Language Term Glossary
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and must not be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW — PROVISIONAL] and require the review routing indicated before Phase 2 deployment, consistent with doctrine_risk_registry.json’s review-routing framework.
Baseline Terms Reused in 1 Timothy
| Term (English) | Fulfulde | Risk (baseline) | 1 Timothy occurrences | Notes for this curriculum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | gomɗinal | High | 1:2,4,5,14,19; 2:7,15; 3:9,13; 4:1,6,12; 5:8,12; 6:10,11,12,21 | Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit at every occurrence, per baseline rule |
| grace | Arjunde | Critical | 1:2,14; 6:21 | ”Apart from works” contrast less prominent in 1 Timothy than Romans but must still be stated where grace and Paul’s own unworthiness are juxtaposed (1:13-14) |
| church | kawtal | Medium | 3:5,15; 5:16 | Reused as base for new compound kawtal Alla (“church of the living God,” 3:15) |
| holy | ceniiɗo | Medium | 2:8 (“holy hands”) | — |
| sanctification/sanctified | ceniinde / ceniiɗo | High | 4:5 | Sanctified by word of God and prayer — distinct from Islamic ritual purification (wuduu), per baseline |
| law | sariya | Medium | 1:8,9 | ”The law is good if used lawfully” (1:8) |
| sin | bakkaatu | High | 1:9,15; 5:20,22,24 | ”Christ Jesus came… to save sinners” (1:15) is a Critical-adjacent salvation statement |
| glory | manaango | Medium | 1:17; 3:16 | ”To the King of ages… be honor and glory” (1:17); “taken up in glory” (3:16) |
| peace | jam | Medium | 1:2; 2:2 | Greeting formula and “peaceable life” (2:2) |
| Lord | Joom | Critical | Throughout (“Kiristu Yeesu Joom amen”) | Reused as component of new compound “Lord of lords” (6:15) |
| Jesus | Yeesu | Critical | Throughout | Never the Quranic Iisa |
| God | Alla | Critical | Throughout | — |
| Holy Spirit | Ruuhu Ceniiɗo | Critical | 4:1 (by contrast) | Must be kept sharply distinct from “deceiving spirits” (4:1) and jinnaaji |
| Father | Baaba | Medium | 1:2 | — |
| apostle | nulaaɗo | High | 1:1; 2:7 | Never rasuulu |
| calling / called | noddaaɗo / noddaandi | Medium | 6:12 (“called,” implicit in “eternal life to which you were called”) | — |
| election | suɓagol | Medium | 5:21 (“elect angels” — adjacent usage) | Note: distinct sense (angelic election) from Romans 9’s soteriological election; flag for context-sensitivity |
| covenant | alkawal | Medium | — | Not directly used but background concept for “mystery of the faith” |
| spiritual gifts | dokkal Ruuhu | Medium | 4:14 | Reused directly for Timothy’s ministry gift |
| exhort | wallitde | Low | 1:3,18; 4:11; 5:1,7; 6:2 (context-sensitive; also torraade for urgent appeal) | High frequency in 1 Timothy given its pastoral-charge genre |
| thanksgiving | yettoore | Low | 2:1; 4:3,4 | — |
| fellowship | diisnondiral | Low | — | Not directly textual but relevant to “household of faith” theme |
| hoolaare (trust, faith-synonym) | hoolaare | (component of High-risk faith) | 3:13 (“great confidence”); 5:10 (“faithful in all things”) | Reused for parrēsia and pistas |
| Kiristu | Kiristu | Critical (component) | Throughout | Standard transliteration per baseline transliteration standards |
| Seytaane (Satan) | Seytaane | (shared vocabulary, unflagged in baseline but implied) | 1:20; 3:6,7; 5:15 | Shared Arabic-Islamic term; genuine point of contact |
New Terms Proposed for 1 Timothy
| Term (English) | Fulfulde | Doctrine | Risk | Category | Primary passages | Review routing | Rationale / Rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer / bishop | deenoowo kawtal | Qualifications for Church Leadership | High | Church | 3:1,2 | Human theologian | Leverages deen- (herd/guard) pastoral imagery for strong Fulani cultural resonance. Rejected: hooreejo kawtal (traditional political/clan-chief title, risks political-authority conflation, parallel to baseline’s Laamiiɗo caution); limamu/marabout-style titles (Islamic clerical office, never use) |
| office of overseer | darja deenoowo kawtal | Qualifications for Church Leadership | High | Church | 3:1 | Human theologian | Descriptive compound; darja (rank/position) is a standard Arabic-derived Fulfulde word for formal rank |
| husband of one wife | jom debbo gooto | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Critical | Marriage/Leadership | 3:2, 3:12 | Human theologian | Major, direct collision with normalized, religiously-sanctioned Fulani/Islamic polygamy; must be taught with explicit, direct pastoral engagement, never softened or left implicit. jom (lowercase, “possessor/husband of”) must be visually/contextually distinguished from Joom (capitalized, divine Lord) |
| deacon | wallitoowo kawtal | Qualifications for Church Leadership | High | Church | 3:8,10,12,13 | Human theologian | Descriptive compound from wallit- (“help,” cf. baseline’s wallitde). Rejected: maccuɗo (“slave”) — never use, given historically loaded caste/slave-descent associations (riimaybe/maccuɓe) |
| conscience | seedaari ɓernde | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching; Qualifications for Church Leadership | High | Faith/Ethics | 1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2 | Human theologian AND native speaker | New descriptive compound (“witness of the heart”). Rejected: hakkille (Pulaaku wisdom value — risk of conflating conscience with a general cultural-wisdom category rather than moral self-testimony before God) |
| mystery of the faith / godliness | gundo gomɗinal / gundo ɗoftaare Alla | Church as Pillar of Truth; Sound Doctrine | Critical | Doctrine | 3:9, 3:16 | Human theologian | gundo (“secret/hidden thing”) risks collision with esoteric/occult “hidden knowledge” categories (Sufi ‘ilm al-bāṭin, marabout secret knowledge); must be taught explicitly as truth God has revealed, not withheld for initiates |
| sound doctrine | jaŋde cellundi | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | High | Doctrine | 1:10; 4:6; 6:1,3 | Human theologian | jaŋde is also the standard word for Quranic school; must be explicitly anchored to gospel content throughout |
| different/false doctrine | jaŋde goo | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | High | Doctrine | 1:3; 6:3 | Human theologian | Deliberately mirrors baseline’s leƴƴi goo word-formation for cross-curriculum consistency |
| godliness | ɗoftaare Alla | Godliness and Contentment | Critical | Ethics/Piety | 2:2; 3:16; 4:7,8; 6:3,5,6,11 | Human theologian | Must be sharply distinguished from Islamic taqwa (Sharia-oriented piety) and ibaada (ritual worship); filled with explicitly Christ-centered content (per 3:16’s “mystery of godliness”), not assumed to overlap with Islamic piety frameworks |
| contentment | yarlaare | Godliness and Contentment | High | Ethics | 6:6 | Human theologian | Must be distinguished from a fatalistic contentment resonant with Islamic qana’ah/al-qadar acceptance; Pauline contentment flows from relationship with Christ, not fatalism |
| mediator | jokkoowo hakkunde Alla e neɗɗo | Christ as the One Mediator | Critical | Christology | 2:5 | Human theologian | Direct collision from two directions: reformist Tawhid theology denies any intermediary need; Sufi folk practice relies on marabout/saint intercession (wasiila). Wasiila must never be used — carries either forbidden-intercession or Sufi-mediation associations, neither matching Christ’s unique, exclusive mediatorship |
| ransom | coggu kisal | Christ as the One Mediator | High | Soteriology | 2:6 | Human theologian | Parallel to baseline’s Critical kisal; substitutionary atonement has no Islamic soteriological equivalent and must be taught explicitly |
| pillar and buttress of truth | tuggu e ndaɓirde goonga | Church as Pillar of Truth | Medium | Ecclesiology | 3:15 | Native speaker | Strong positive resonance with pastoralist tent-pole imagery; ensure “truth” (goonga) is understood as the specific revealed gospel of 3:16, not generic honesty |
| Savior | Kisikoowo | Godliness and Contentment; Sound Doctrine | Critical | Christology/Soteriology | 1:1; 2:3; 4:10 | Human theologian | New Christological title built consistently on baseline’s Critical kisal root; must be explicitly anchored to Yeesu as the unique Savior |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Laamɗo Laamɓe e Joom joomiraaɓe | Christ as the One Mediator (Christ’s supremacy) | Critical/High | Christology | 6:15 | Human theologian | Echoes and intensifies baseline’s caution on Laamiiɗo’s Sokoto Caliphate political resonance; must be taught as transcendent, cosmic, non-political sovereignty |
| the deposit (entrusted teaching) | dokkal ɗeenaangal | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | High | Doctrine | 6:20 | Human theologian AND native speaker | New provisional compound built on baseline’s dokkal (“gift”) root and the deenoowo (guardian/shepherd) imagery; central to this curriculum’s climactic doctrine |
| guard / keep watch over | deenu | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | Medium | Doctrine | 6:20 | Native speaker | Draws on pastoral/herding deen- root for strong positive cultural resonance |
| widow | suddiiɗo | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | High | Church/Social ethics | 5:3-16 | Human theologian | Existing Fulani/Islamic widow-inheritance and levirate-remarriage customs operate on different social logic than the NT church’s charitable structure; must not be conflated |
| household of faith | galle gomɗinal | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | Medium | Church | 5:8 (concept) | Native speaker | Descriptive compound combining baseline galle (household) and gomɗinal (faith) |
| elders (church office) | mawɓe kawtal | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | Church | 5:1,17,19 | Native speaker | Positive resonance with existing age-based mawɓe respect structure; must be clarified as an appointed teaching/ruling office, not merely traditional elder status |
| double honor | teddungal ɗiɗi | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | Medium | Church | 5:17 | Native speaker | Draws on Pulaaku’s teddungal value at the human-honor register |
| slaves / bondservants | maccuɓe | (contextual — household ethics) | Critical | Social ethics | 6:1-2 | Human theologian | Term itself required for historical accuracy but requires exceptionally sensitive framing given living social memory of caste/slave-descent categories (riimaybe/maccuɓe) in some Fulani communities |
| godliness as a means of gain | ɗoftaare Alla wonande ñaamdu | Godliness and Contentment | High | Ethics | 6:5 | Human theologian | Strong, useful critical resonance against marabout fee-for-blessing economy; should be leveraged, not softened |
| love of money / root of evils | yiɗde kaalis / gaɗa bone fof | Godliness and Contentment | Medium | Ethics | 3:3; 6:10 | Native speaker | — |
| good confession | haalgol goonga | Christ as the One Mediator (Christ’s own testimony) | Medium | Confession | 6:12-13 | Native speaker | Should align conceptually with baseline’s fixed Romans 10:9 confession rendering (“Yeesu ko Joom”) for cross-curriculum consistency |
| knowledge falsely called | ganndal fenaande | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | Medium | Doctrine | 6:20 | Native speaker | Must not be read as dismissing the respected Islamic scholarly (‘ilm) tradition generally; addresses a specific historical false teaching |
| myths / genealogies | tinndi / asli | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | Medium | Doctrine | 1:4 | Native speaker | Genuine tension with the deep cultural value of lineage (asli/clan identity); frame as rejecting speculative myth-making, not devaluing legitimate ancestry |
| the good fight/warfare | hare moƴƴe | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching; Guarding the Deposit of Faith | High | Ethics/Perseverance | 1:18 | Human theologian | Risk of resonance/confusion with jihad concept, given the Sokoto Caliphate’s historic reformist jihad tradition; must be taught explicitly as internal, spiritual, non-violent perseverance |
| deceitful spirits / doctrines of demons | ruuhuuji majjinooji / jaŋde seytaneeji | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | High | Doctrine/Spiritual warfare | 4:1 | Human theologian | Must be distinguished both from Ruuhu Ceniiɗo and from jinnaaji (the Islamic/folk jinn category); deliberately uses Seytaane-root rather than jinnaaji |
| gynaikas (their wives / women deacons) | rewɓe | Qualifications for Church Leadership | High | Church | 3:11 | Human theologian | Genuinely ambiguous in Greek between “deacons’ wives” and “women serving as deacons”; rendering deliberately preserves ambiguity — translator must not silently resolve it without explicit doctrinal guidance |
| eternal life | nguurndam duumiiɗam | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching (contextual) | Medium | Eschatology | 1:16; 6:12,19 | Native speaker | Must be distinguished from Islamic aljanna-centered afterlife framework, per baseline’s kisal caution |
| love (agapē) | yiɗde | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching (fruit of sound doctrine) | Medium | Ethics | 1:5 | Native speaker | No baseline entry exists for “love”; standard term, but object/referent should remain contextually clear |
| modesty / self-control | semteende / jom-hakkille | Public Worship and Prayer | Medium/High | Ethics/Worship | 2:9,15; 3:2 | Native speaker (High for 2:9-15 passage overall, given gender-role sensitivity) | Strong positive resonance with Pulaaku’s core semteende value; underlying godliness motivation must not be reduced to social modesty-code conformity alone |
| prayer terms (petition/prayer/intercession/thanksgiving) | ñaagaande / torgol / torgol wonande / yettoore | Public Worship and Prayer | Medium | Worship | 2:1 | Native speaker | All four must be kept distinct from salaa (ritualized Islamic prayer) |
| laying on of hands | waɗugol junngo e hoore | Guarding the Deposit of Faith (ordination) | High | Church practice | 4:14; 5:22 | Human theologian | Must be distinguished from folk-healing/blessing touch practices (barke-adjacent risk) |
| accusation / blameless (elder discipline) | tuumaare / on mo tuumaa alaa e makko | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | Church discipline | 3:2,7,10; 5:19 | Native speaker | — |
Risk Distribution Summary (New Terms Only)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (mandatory, all occurrences) |
| High | 14 | Human theologian (all occurrences) |
| Medium | 12 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 0 | — |
Total new terms proposed for this curriculum: 34, in addition to the 25 baseline terms reused. This confirms the expectation, flagged in the baseline package, of a materially higher new-term-discovery rate for Fulfulde than for languages with a settled reference Bible, and correspondingly higher review-time budget for Phase 2 of this curriculum.
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json before any Phase 2 segment translation for 1 Timothy. All new terms listed here require formal entry into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) before Phase 2 processing begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Arjunde
Transliteration: arjunde
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: yurmeende (reserve for ‘mercy/compassion’ generally), barke (blessing, avoid as a substitute)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] CRITICAL. Paul’s testimony that grace was poured out on the ‘foremost’ sinner (1:13-14) is a paradigm case of arjunde’s apart-from-merit sense; state this explicitly, since regional Islamic usage generally reads arjunde as responsive to piety. Reused at 1:2, 1:14, 6:21.
Lord
Approved rendering: Joom
Transliteration: Joom
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Laamiiɗo (reserve for ‘ruler/king’ in political contexts; avoid as the primary term for divine Lordship to prevent conflation with historic Caliphate rulership)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Used throughout 1 Timothy in ‘Christ Jesus our Lord’; serves as base component of the new title Laamɗo Laamɓe e Joom joomiraaɓe (6:15, ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’). Never Laamiiɗo as the default term.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yeesu
Transliteration: Yeesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Iisa (the Quranic Arabic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Used throughout 1 Timothy, always paired as ‘Kiristu Yeesu.’ Never the Quranic Iisa in doctrinal exposition.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Almasiihu
Transliteration: Almasiihu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Reserve for contexts stressing Christ’s unique identity as the promised one; never softened to a generic prophet/teacher figure. Distinct from the proper-name-compound rendering ‘Kiristu Yeesu’ used throughout the letter.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Alla wontii neɗɗo
Transliteration: Alla wontii neɗɗo
Doctrine: Incarnation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Reused directly for 1 Tim 3:16’s christological hymn (‘manifested in the flesh,’ ephanerōthē en sarki); the same shirk-objection risk applies directly here as in the Romans baseline.
Christ Jesus Name
Approved rendering: Kiristu Yeesu
Transliteration: Kiristu Yeesu
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
New compound proper-name/title used throughout 1 Timothy (1:1,2,12,14,15,16; 2:5; 3:13; 6:3,13,14) identifying Jesus as the Messiah. Kiristu is the standard transliteration for ‘Christ’ as part of the proper name per baseline transliteration standards, paired with baseline’s Yeesu. Distinct from Almasiihu, reserved for title-use fulfillment contexts.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: jom debbo gooto
Transliteration: jom debbo gooto
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: Any rendering that softens or leaves implicit the monogamy requirement
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα / ἄνδρες
Category: Marriage/Leadership
CRITICAL. 1 Tim 3:2, 3:12 (plural jommɓe debbo gooto). Direct, major collision with normalized, religiously-sanctioned polygamy in Fulani pastoralist and Islamic culture; must be taught with the same direct engagement the baseline applies to Christological objections, never softened or left implicit. Lowercase jom (‘possessor/husband of’) must be visually and contextually distinguished from capitalized Joom (divine Lord).
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: gundo gomɗinal
Transliteration: gundo gomɗinal
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Doctrine
CRITICAL. 1 Tim 3:9. Gundo (‘secret/hidden thing’) risks collision with esoteric occult ‘hidden knowledge’ categories (Sufi ‘ilm al-bāṭin, marabout secret knowledge); must always be taught explicitly as truth God has revealed and made known, never a secret withheld for initiates.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: gundo ɗoftaare Alla
Transliteration: gundo ɗoftaare Alla
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: μυστήριον τῆς εὐσεβείας
Category: Doctrine/Christology
CRITICAL. 1 Tim 3:16. Combines two flagged terms (gundo and ɗoftaare Alla); this verse’s christological hymn directly engages the incarnation and resurrection/exaltation doctrines already flagged Critical in the baseline Romans package and must be taught with the same direct engagement. Follow the modern-critical-text reading (‘He who was manifested in the flesh’), consistent with the predominant regional SIL/Bible-society translation pattern, per 05_translation_landscape.md.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ɗoftaare Alla
Transliteration: ɗoftaare Alla
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: taqwa (Sharia-oriented God-consciousness, never substitute), ibaada (ritual worship/devotion, never substitute)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Ethics/Piety
CRITICAL. Recurring positive standard throughout the letter (2:2; 3:16; 4:7,8; 6:3,5,6,11). Must be sharply distinguished from taqwa and ibaada, both works/law-oriented Islamic frameworks; must be filled with explicitly Christ-centered content per 3:16, not assumed to overlap with Islamic piety.
Mediator
Approved rendering: jokkoowo hakkunde Alla e neɗɗo
Transliteration: jokkoowo hakkunde Alla e neɗɗo
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: wasiila (never use; Sufi saint/marabout intercession, matches neither Tawhid’s rejection of mediation nor Christ’s unique, exclusive mediatorship)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
CRITICAL. 1 Tim 2:5. Direct collision from two directions simultaneously: reformist Tawhid theology denies any intermediary need; Sufi-influenced folk practice relies on marabout/saint intercession (wasiila). Requires the most direct doctrinal engagement in the entire curriculum. Never abbreviate.
Savior
Approved rendering: Kisikoowo
Transliteration: Kisikoowo
Doctrine: Salvation of Sinners through Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology/Soteriology
CRITICAL. New Christological title (1:1; 2:3; 4:10) built consistently on baseline’s Critical kisal root. Must be explicitly anchored to Yeesu as the unique Savior, never left open to being read as one savior-figure among others in a broader deeds-weighing framework.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Laamɗo Laamɓe e Joom joomiraaɓe
Transliteration: Laamɗo Laamɓe e Joom joomiraaɓe
Doctrine: Christ’s Supreme, Transcendent Sovereignty
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
CRITICAL. 1 Tim 6:15. Echoes and intensifies baseline’s caution on Laamiiɗo’s Sokoto Caliphate political resonance; must be taught explicitly as transcendent, cosmic, spiritual kingship, never as endorsement of or comparison with any historic or contemporary earthly political-religious rulership model.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: kisal… e jibingol
Transliteration: kisal… e jibingol
Doctrine: Women’s Demeanor and Role in Public Worship
Rejected alternatives: Any rendering implying childbearing itself is meritorious toward salvation
Original: διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας σωθήσεται
Category: Soteriology
CRITICAL. 1 Tim 2:15, a notoriously difficult construction. Reuse of baseline’s Critical kisal term; must never imply childbearing itself is meritorious toward salvation, which would resonate concerningly well with the region’s deeds-weighing soteriological default.
Slaves Bondservants
Approved rendering: maccuɓe
Transliteration: maccuɓe
Doctrine: Instructions to Bondservants and Believing Masters
Rejected alternatives: maccuɗo (singular folk form, avoid; risks reading as a direct racial-caste slur in some regional usage — use the historically accurate plural maccuɓe with mandatory sensitive framing instead)
Original: δοῦλοι
Category: Social Ethics
CRITICAL. 6:1-2. The term itself must be used to render the historical Roman institution accurately, but requires exceptionally careful, sensitive pastoral framing given the living social memory of caste/slave-descent categories (riimaybe/maccuɓe) still present in some Fulani communities today. Requires explicit theologian guidance supplying historical-distancing framing (first-century Greco-Roman household slavery, not endorsement of any contemporary caste practice).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Linjiila
Transliteration: Linjiila
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabaaru moƴƴo (acceptable as an explanatory gloss, ‘good news’)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] In 1 Timothy the gospel is explicitly tied to Paul’s apostolic commission and to sound doctrine (1:11, ‘the glorious gospel of the blessed God’); keep distinct from a generic ethical teaching and from the Islamic tahrif framing of al-Injil.
Faith
Approved rendering: gomɗinal
Transliteration: gomɗinal
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: hoolaare (trust, acceptable as a supporting synonym)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Timothy uniquely uses this term both for personal trust and for ‘the faith’ as a body of content (‘the faith,’ 1:19; 3:9; 4:1; 6:10,21); keep the object (Christ, apostolic teaching) explicit in both senses.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ceniinde
Transliteration: ceniinde
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓal (ritual/ceremonial purification, avoid as a substitute)
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 4:5: food and created things are ‘sanctified through the word of God and prayer’; keep distinct from laaɓal (halal-slaughter-style ritual food law) — this is theological legitimation of God’s good creation against ascetic prohibition, not ritual food law.
Sin
Approved rendering: bakkaatu
Transliteration: bakkaatu
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: fenaande (mistake/lie, too weak)
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 1:15’s ‘trustworthy saying’ (‘Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners’) is a Critical-adjacent salvation statement; state Christ’s atoning purpose explicitly rather than letting bakkaatu default into a deeds-weighing framework. Also 5:20,22,24.
God
Approved rendering: Alla
Transliteration: Alla
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 1:17’s monotheistic doxology (‘the King of ages… the only God’) is a genuine point of contact with Islamic Tawhid and may be leveraged, while 2:5 and 3:16 must still be taught with full Trinitarian, Christ-centered content.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Transliteration: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ruuhu (never use alone), jinna (never use; a jinn/spirit being in Islamic and West African folk belief)
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Must always appear in full. Referenced by contrast with ‘deceiving spirits’ (4:1) and as the agent ‘vindicating’ Christ (3:16); sharply distinguish from ruuhuuji majjinooji (this curriculum’s new term for deceiving spirits) and from jinnaaji (jinn).
Apostle
Approved rendering: nulaaɗo
Transliteration: nulaaɗo
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasuulu (never use; the Arabic-derived title reserved in Islamic usage for Muhammad as ‘the Messenger’)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 1:1, 2:7. 1 Timothy’s repeated emphasis on Paul’s divinely-commissioned authority is the letter’s basis for binding church-order instructions, making the nulaaɗo/rasuulu distinction especially load-bearing here.
Overseer
Approved rendering: deenoowo kawtal
Transliteration: deenoowo kawtal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: hooreejo kawtal (traditional political/clan-chief title, risks political-authority conflation, parallel to baseline’s Laamiiɗo caution), limamu / marabout-style titles (Islamic clerical office, never use)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New provisional compound leveraging deen- (herd/guard) pastoral imagery for strong Fulani cultural resonance (1 Tim 3:1-7). Must be kept distinct from (a) hooreejo (clan chief) and (b) Islamic clerical titles carrying ritual-authority or Sufi-mediation associations. Requires theologian and native-speaker confirmation before wide deployment.
Office Of Overseer
Approved rendering: darja deenoowo kawtal
Transliteration: darja deenoowo kawtal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church
Descriptive compound for episkopē (1 Tim 3:1), the office distinct from the person. Darja (rank/position) is a standard Arabic-derived Fulfulde word for formal rank, borrowed without importing Islamic clerical-office connotations.
Deacon
Approved rendering: wallitoowo kawtal
Transliteration: wallitoowo kawtal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: maccuɗo (never use; historically loaded caste/slave-descent term given regional riimaybe/maccuɓe categories)
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
1 Tim 3:8,10,12,13. Descriptive compound from wallit- (‘help,’ cf. baseline’s wallitde). Requires theologian and native-speaker confirmation before wide deployment.
Conscience
Approved rendering: seedaari ɓernde
Transliteration: seedaari ɓernde
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: hakkille (Pulaaku wisdom value — rejected to avoid conflating moral self-testimony before God with that cultural category)
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Faith/Ethics
New descriptive compound (‘witness of the heart’), 1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2. Requires theologian and native-speaker confirmation before wide deployment.
Gynaikas Wives Or Deaconesses
Approved rendering: rewɓe
Transliteration: rewɓe
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: Any rendering that silently resolves the ambiguity toward either ‘deacons’ wives’ or ‘women deacons’ without explicit doctrinal guidance
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church
1 Tim 3:11. Genuinely ambiguous in Greek (deacons’ wives vs. women serving in a parallel deacon-like role). Rendering deliberately left as ambiguous as the Greek; flagged for mandatory theologian decision, not translator discretion.
Ransom
Approved rendering: coggu kisal
Transliteration: coggu kisal
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Soteriology
1 Tim 2:6 (antilytron). Parallel to baseline’s Critical kisal; Islamic soteriology has no substitutionary-atonement framework, so this concept must be taught explicitly, never assumed as already understood.
Modesty Self Control Worship
Approved rendering: semteende
Transliteration: semteende
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη
Category: Worship/Ethics
1 Tim 2:9. Semteende is one of Pulaaku’s core four values, giving strong direct cultural resonance, but the underlying motivation (godliness) must not be reduced to social modesty-code conformity alone.
Quietness Womens Role
Approved rendering: deeƴre
Transliteration: deeƴre
Doctrine: Women’s Demeanor and Role in Public Worship
Original: ἡσυχία
Category: Worship/Church Order
1 Tim 2:11-12 (hēsychia). Baseline elsewhere rejects deeƴre as too passive a substitute for ‘peace’ (jam), but it is apt here for ‘quietness’ specifically. Requires mandatory theologian pre-decision on interpretive stance before any rendering is finalized; do not let cultural resonance silently decide the exegesis.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: jaŋde cellundi
Transliteration: jaŋde cellundi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Doctrine
1:10; 4:6; 6:1,3. Jaŋde is also the standard word for Quranic school; must be explicitly anchored to gospel content throughout, with a first-use gloss naming the apostolic-gospel source.
Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: jaŋde goo
Transliteration: jaŋde goo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω
Category: Doctrine
1:3; 6:3 (heterodidaskalein). Deliberately mirrors baseline’s leƴƴi goo (‘other nations’) word-formation for cross-curriculum consistency; must be sharply distinguished from jaŋde cellundi.
The Good Fight
Approved rendering: hare moƴƴe
Transliteration: hare moƴƴe
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against False Teaching
Original: ἡ καλὴ στρατεία
Category: Ethics/Perseverance
1:18 (hē kalē strateia). Risks resonance/confusion with jihad given the Sokoto Caliphate’s historic reformist jihad tradition; must be taught explicitly and repeatedly as internal, spiritual, non-violent perseverance in doctrine and conscience, never as endorsement of physical or political struggle.
Deceitful Spirits
Approved rendering: ruuhuuji majjinooji
Transliteration: ruuhuuji majjinooji
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: jinnaaji (never use; the widely-believed folk/Islamic jinn category)
Original: πνεύματα πλάνα
Category: Doctrine/Spiritual Warfare
4:1 (pneumata plana). Must be sharply distinguished both from Ruuhu Ceniiɗo and from jinnaaji; this phrase names a distinct biblical category and must not be read as validating the general folk spirit-world framework.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: jaŋde seytaneeji
Transliteration: jaŋde seytaneeji
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: jinnaaji-rooted forms (never use)
Original: διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Doctrine/Spiritual Warfare
4:1 (didaskaliai daimoniōn). Deliberately uses Seytaane-root plural rather than jinnaaji, to keep the biblical ‘demons’ category distinct from the Islamic/folk ‘jinn’ category.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: waɗugol junngo e hoore
Transliteration: waɗugol junngo e hoore
Doctrine: Ministerial Gifts and Ordination
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Practice
4:14; 5:22. Must be clearly distinguished from any folk-healing or blessing-transfer touch practice associated with marabouts (a barke-adjacent risk, per baseline’s caution on barke); this is corporate ecclesial commissioning, not power-transfer.
Widow
Approved rendering: suddiiɗo
Transliteration: suddiiɗo
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Church/Social Ethics
5:3-16. Existing Fulani and regional Islamic custom includes distinct social structures for widow-care (levirate-style widow-inheritance/remarriage-within-clan practices) operating on a different social logic than the NT church’s charitable ‘enrollment’ structure; must not be conflated with, or seem to override, existing customary family-care obligations.
Godliness As Means Of Gain
Approved rendering: ɗoftaare Alla wonande ñaamdu
Transliteration: ɗoftaare Alla wonande ñaamdu
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: νομιζόντων πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν
Category: Ethics
6:5. Carries strong, useful contextual bite against the marabout fee-for-blessing economy (payment for amulets, blessings, spiritual services), a real and active regional practice already flagged in the baseline’s caution on barke; should be leveraged as a genuine teaching point, not softened.
Contentment
Approved rendering: yarlaare
Transliteration: yarlaare
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: qana’ah tied unqualified to al-qadar (fate) — never substitute or leave the Christ-centered grounding implicit
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Ethics
6:6 (autarkeia). Must be distinguished from a fatalistic, resignation-based contentment resonant with the Islamic concept of qana’ah tied to accepting al-qadar (fate); Pauline contentment flows from relationship with Christ and godliness, not fatalistic acceptance.
The Deposit
Approved rendering: dokkal ɗeenaangal
Transliteration: dokkal ɗeenaangal
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: ἡ παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
6:20 (hē parathēkē). New provisional descriptive compound drawing on baseline’s dokkal (‘gift’) root and the deenoowo (guardian/shepherd) imagery established at 3:2; the letter’s climactic charge. Requires theologian AND native-speaker confirmation before wide deployment; wholly unattested in prior Fulfulde Christian literature.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: kawtal
Transliteration: kawtal
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Base for new compound kawtal Alla ɓurɗo wuurde (‘church of the living God,’ 3:15); reused at 3:5, 5:16.
Holy
Approved rendering: ceniiɗo
Transliteration: ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓɗo (physically clean, reserve for ritual/physical cleanliness only)
Original: ἅγιος / ὅσιος
Category: Sanctification
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Used of ‘holy hands’ lifted in prayer (2:8); keep distinct from laaɓɗo/wuduu ritual purity — 2:8 concerns moral integrity, not ablution.
Law
Approved rendering: sariya
Transliteration: sariya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 1:8-9: ‘the law is good if one uses it lawfully’; must not be read as endorsing a comprehensive Sharia-style life-code but the Mosaic Law’s specific redemptive-historical role in exposing sin.
Glory
Approved rendering: manaango
Transliteration: manaango
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: teddungal (reserve for human honor/dignity, avoid as the primary term for God’s glory)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Used in the doxology of 1:17 (‘to the King of ages… be honor and glory’) and of Christ’s exaltation in 3:16 (‘taken up in glory’); must remain distinct from teddungal, the Pulaaku human-honor register used elsewhere in this curriculum for elders/deacons.
Peace
Approved rendering: jam
Transliteration: jam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: deeƴre (calm/stillness, too passive/psychological)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Used in the letter’s opening greeting (1:2) and of the ‘peaceable life’ prayed for in 2:2; distinguish from jam’s everyday greeting-register sense and from Romans 5:1’s judicial peace-with-God sense — 2:2 is social tranquility enabling godly living.
Father
Approved rendering: Baaba
Transliteration: Baaba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Invoked in the letter’s opening (1:2).
Called
Approved rendering: noddaaɗo
Transliteration: noddaaɗo
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: torraaɗo (invited, too weak)
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 6:12: ‘the eternal life to which you were called,’ tied to the ‘good confession’ (haalgol goonga).
Calling
Approved rendering: noddaandi
Transliteration: noddaandi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Noun form; confirm regional currency with native speakers as in baseline.
Election
Approved rendering: suɓagol
Transliteration: suɓagol
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: natal (fate/lot, use with caution)
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] 1 Tim 5:21 uses the adjectival form suɓaaɗo for ‘the elect angels’ — a distinct referent from Romans 9’s personal soteriological election. Flag for context-sensitivity: do not teach the two senses as identical in content.
Covenant
Approved rendering: alkawal
Transliteration: alkawal
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη (background concept)
Category: Covenant
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Not directly lexicalized in 1 Timothy but the presupposed covenant-historical background behind ‘the mystery of the faith’ (3:9) and God’s redemptive plan (3:16); retained for cross-reference.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dokkal Ruuhu
Transliteration: dokkal Ruuhu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: barke (Sufi-associated blessing/spiritual power, avoid as a substitute)
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Timothy’s own ministry gift, given ‘through prophecy when the council of elders laid their hands on you’ (4:14). The accompanying laying-on-of-hands act must be understood as corporate ecclesial commissioning, never a barke-style power-transfer touch.
Satan
Approved rendering: Seytaane
Transliteration: Seytaane
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: jinna/jinnaaji (never use for Satan/demons; a distinct folk/Islamic spirit-being category)
Shared Arabic-Islamic term for Satan; a genuine point of contact requiring no new vocabulary. Used at 1:20 (‘delivered to Satan’), 3:6-7 (‘condemnation/snare of the devil’), 5:15. Deliberately serves as the root for jaŋde seytaneeji (‘doctrines of demons’) rather than jinnaaji, to keep the biblical category distinct from the folk jinn framework.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: reeɗiiɗo
Transliteration: reeɗiiɗo
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:2 (also 3:11, feminine plural reeɗiiɓe, of deacons’ wives). Steady, clear-headed judgment fit for spiritual oversight; confirm regional currency with native speakers.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: jom-hakkille
Transliteration: jom-hakkille
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: σώφρων
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:2. Cautiously draws on hakkille, one of Pulaaku’s four core values (semteende, munyal, hakkille, teddungal); must be taught as Spirit-enabled self-mastery, not merely inherited pastoralist wisdom.
Respectable
Approved rendering: teddiiɗo
Transliteration: teddiiɗo
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:2 (plural teddiiɓe at 3:8, 3:11). Draws on teddungal (Pulaaku dignity value) at the human register; must remain distinct from manaango (God’s own glory).
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: waawɗo jaŋtinde
Transliteration: waawɗo jaŋtinde
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church
1 Tim 3:2. Tied to jaŋde, also the standard word for Quranic school; must be clearly anchored to gospel content, not assumed as an equivalent religious-education category.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: yiɗde kaalis
Transliteration: yiɗde kaalis
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ἀφιλάργυρον / φιλαργυρία
Category: Ethics
1 Tim 3:3 (aphilargyros); 3:8 (aischrokerdeis, deacons); anticipates 6:10’s fuller warning. Also relevant to the marabout fee-for-blessing economy, a live cultural practice this qualification implicitly critiques.
Household Management
Approved rendering: hoore galle, o yiɗi mo moƴƴere
Transliteration: hoore galle, o yiɗi mo moƴƴere
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: οἴκου προϊστάμενον
Category: Leadership
1 Tim 3:4-5, 3:12. Domestic leadership as visible, testable proof of fitness for church leadership; must be taught as observable evidence, not merely private domestic order.
Recent Convert
Approved rendering: neɗɗo kesɗo e gomɗinal
Transliteration: neɗɗo kesɗo e gomɗinal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Leadership
1 Tim 3:6. Descriptive compound; especially relevant given this curriculum’s likely audience of new Fulani believers coming out of Islam, where the temptation to rapid leadership promotion may be strong.
Condemnation Of The Devil
Approved rendering: halkaare Seytaane
Transliteration: halkaare Seytaane
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Spiritual Warfare
1 Tim 3:6. Reuse of shared term Seytaane, a genuine point of contact requiring no new vocabulary; the judgment that fell on the devil for pride.
Good Testimony From Outsiders
Approved rendering: seedaari moƴƴi ka yimɓe ɓe wonaa e kawtal
Transliteration: seedaari moƴƴi ka yimɓe ɓe wonaa e kawtal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μαρτυρία καλὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν
Category: Leadership
1 Tim 3:7. Directly relevant to how Fulani converts’ leadership credibility is perceived by their still-Muslim extended family and clan.
Tested Blameless
Approved rendering: jarribee ɓe; ɓe alaa tuumaare
Transliteration: jarribee ɓe; ɓe alaa tuumaare
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: δοκιμάζω / ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Leadership
1 Tim 3:10. Same conceptual family as anepilēmptos (3:2); a probationary process of scrutiny confirming blamelessness before deacon appointment.
Good Standing And Confidence
Approved rendering: darja moƴƴo; hoolaare mawnde
Transliteration: darja moƴƴo; hoolaare mawnde
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: βαθμὸν καλόν… παρρησίαν πολλήν
Category: Church
1 Tim 3:13. Ensure parrēsia is read as confidence before God through Christ, not generic self-confidence; reuses baseline’s hoolaare.
Church Of The Living God
Approved rendering: kawtal Alla ɓurɗo wuurde
Transliteration: kawtal Alla ɓurɗo wuurde
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
1 Tim 3:15. Positive point of contact, since Islamic theology also strongly affirms a living, active God; reuses baseline kawtal.
Pillar And Buttress Of Truth
Approved rendering: tuggu e ndaɓirde goonga
Transliteration: tuggu e ndaɓirde goonga
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Ecclesiology
1 Tim 3:15. Tuggu (tent-pole/support-post) resonates deeply with pastoralist tent/structure imagery central to mobile Fulani life; ensure ‘truth’ (goonga) is understood as the specific revealed gospel content of 3:16, not truth-telling ethics generally.
Prayer Terms
Approved rendering: ñaagaande; torgol; torgol wonande; yettoore
Transliteration: ñaagaande; torgol; torgol wonande; yettoore
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: δεήσεις, προσευχάς, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίας
Category: Worship
1 Tim 2:1 (deēseis, proseuchas, enteuxeis, eucharistias). All four must be kept distinct from salaa, the highly ritualized Islamic five-times-daily prayer, per baseline’s existing caution on intercession. torgol wonande and yettoore reuse baseline terms.
Myths And Genealogies
Approved rendering: tinndi; asli
Transliteration: tinndi; asli
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι
Category: Doctrine
1:4. Genuine cultural-doctrinal tension: lineage (asli) is a core Fulani/Pulaaku identity marker; this warning must be carefully framed as against speculative myth-making, not as devaluing legitimate ancestry and clan identity. Tinndi has positive resonance with Fulani oral storytelling but is explicitly rejected here as unfit for doctrine.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: nguurndam duumiiɗam
Transliteration: nguurndam duumiiɗam
Doctrine: Salvation of Sinners through Christ
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
1:16; 6:12,19. Must be distinguished from the Islamic aljanna (paradise)-centered afterlife framework, per baseline’s caution on kisal.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: yiɗde
Transliteration: yiɗde
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
1:5. No baseline entry exists for ‘love’; standard term, but object/referent should remain contextually clear, distinguished from mere human affection or clan/kin loyalty.
Delivered To Satan
Approved rendering: yalti ɓe e junngo Seytaane
Transliteration: yalti ɓe e junngo Seytaane
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παρέδωκα τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Discipline
1:20. A severe disciplinary act; reuse of shared term Seytaane.
Household Of Faith
Approved rendering: galle gomɗinal
Transliteration: galle gomɗinal
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: οἴκος τῆς πίστεως (concept, cf. Galatians 6:10 for the phrase; here the underlying idea of 5:8)
Category: Church
5:8 (concept). Descriptive compound combining baseline galle (household) and gomɗinal (faith); denotes the wider ecclesial family bearing mutual care obligations, distinct from the immediate family’s prior duty (galle makko).
Elders Church Office
Approved rendering: mawɓe kawtal
Transliteration: mawɓe kawtal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church
5:1,17,19. Positive resonance with the age-based respect for elders (mawɓe) already deeply embedded in Fulani social structure and Pulaaku’s teddungal value, but must be clarified as an appointed church office with specific teaching/ruling responsibility, not merely traditional age-based social status.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: teddungal ɗiɗi
Transliteration: teddungal ɗiɗi
Doctrine: Honor and Accountability for Elders
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Church
5:17. Draws on Pulaaku’s teddungal value at the human-honor register; both respect and material support/compensation for elders who labor in teaching.
Accusation Against Elder
Approved rendering: tuumaare
Transliteration: tuumaare
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: κατηγορία
Category: Church Discipline
5:19. Reuse from the tuumaare family established at 3:2/3:7/3:10; procedural protection for elders against unsubstantiated accusation.
Root Of All Evils
Approved rendering: gaɗa bone fof
Transliteration: gaɗa bone fof
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν
Category: Ethics
6:10. Follow the qualified, modern-critical-text rendering (‘a root of all kinds of evil’) for regional consistency, per 05_translation_landscape.md; a translation-philosophy choice, not a doctrinal one.
The Good Confession
Approved rendering: haalgol goonga
Transliteration: haalgol goonga
Doctrine: The Good Confession and Christ’s Appearing
Original: καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Confession
6:12-13. Should be conceptually aligned with the baseline’s fixed Romans 10:9 confession rendering (‘Yeesu ko Joom’) for cross-curriculum consistency.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: deenu
Transliteration: deenu
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: φύλαξον
Category: Doctrine
6:20 (phylaxon). Deliberately draws on the pastoral/herding deen- root (cf. deenoowo, 3:2) for strong positive cultural resonance with shepherding imagery.
Knowledge Falsely Called
Approved rendering: ganndal fenaande
Transliteration: ganndal fenaande
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Doctrine
6:20 (pseudōnymos gnōsis). Must not be read as a blanket dismissal of the highly respected Islamic scholarly/‘ilm tradition generally; this critique addresses a specific historical false teaching, not scholarship or learning as such.
Rich In This World
Approved rendering: waawɓe ndonu ngonka aduna
Transliteration: waawɓe ndonu ngonka aduna
Doctrine: Right Use of Wealth and Generosity
Original: τοῖς πλουσίοις ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι
Category: Ethics
6:17-19. Should be taught alongside yarlaare (contentment) as a unified positive ethic, avoiding both greed and a fatalistic dismissal of stewardship.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: wallitde
Transliteration: wallitde
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω / παραγγέλλω
Category: Faith
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Context-sensitive between urgent charge and encouragement; especially high-frequency in 1 Timothy given its pastoral-charge genre (1:3,18; 4:11; 5:1,7; 6:2).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: yettoore
Transliteration: yettoore
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Part of the fourfold prayer-list in 2:1 and food-related thanksgiving in 4:3-4.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: diisnondiral
Transliteration: diisnondiral
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία (background concept)
Category: Church
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE] Underlying concept behind the new compound galle gomɗinal (‘household of faith,’ ch. 5).
Hospitable
Approved rendering: jaɓɓoowo
Transliteration: jaɓɓoowo
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:2. Strong positive cultural resonance; hospitality to travelers is a deeply held Sahelian/Fulani value, easy common ground.
Not A Drunkard
Approved rendering: on mo yaraa sanguru
Transliteration: on mo yaraa sanguru
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μὴ πάροινον / μὴ οἴνῳ πολλῷ προσέχοντας
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:3, 3:8. Strong positive point of contact; abstinence from alcohol is already the cultural/religious norm in most Fulani Muslim communities.
Not Violent Gentle
Approved rendering: wonaa fiyoowo; newiiɗo
Transliteration: wonaa fiyoowo; newiiɗo
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μὴ πλήκτην / ἐπιεικῆ
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:3. Freedom from physical aggression paired with a mild, reasonable disposition.
Not Quarrelsome
Approved rendering: wonaa yiiloowo hare
Transliteration: wonaa yiiloowo hare
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἄμαχον
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:3. Avoidance of quarrels and disputes.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: ɗemɗe ɗiɗi walaa e maɓe
Transliteration: ɗemɗe ɗiɗi walaa e maɓe
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μὴ διλόγους
Category: Ethics/Leadership
1 Tim 3:8. Inconsistency or deceit in speech, disqualifying for deacons.
Faithful In All Things
Approved rendering: hoolaaɓe e kala huunde
Transliteration: hoolaaɓe e kala huunde
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πιστὰς ἐν πᾶσιν
Category: Ethics
1 Tim 3:11. Uses hoolaare, baseline’s accepted synonym for trust; comprehensive trustworthiness.
Forbidding Marriage
Approved rendering: ganndiŋtaa resondiral
Transliteration: ganndiŋtaa resondiral
Doctrine: Godliness versus Bodily/Ascetic Discipline
Original: κωλυόντων γαμεῖν
Category: Doctrine/Ethics
4:3. Positive point of contact, since both Christian and Islamic tradition in the region highly value and encourage marriage; marks the false teaching addressed as ascetic legalism.
Referenced passages