Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation (English → Fulfulde)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Revelation 1–22. It is organized in two parts:
Part A lists terms already fixed in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json that recur in Revelation. These renderings are reused exactly, without modification, per the hard rule that the baseline is the language authority.
Part B lists new terms this curriculum introduces, specific to Revelation’s apocalyptic vocabulary, with full risk documentation. All Part B entries are provisional in the same sense the baseline uses that word: pending native-speaker and theologian confirmation, consistent with Fulfulde’s thinner Bible-translation tradition.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
Part A — Reused Baseline Terms (Romans → Revelation continuity)
| Term | Fulfulde (baseline-fixed) | Risk (baseline) | Revelation chapters where reused |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Alla | High | 1, 3-5, 7, 11, 14, 19-22 |
| Jesus | Yeesu | Critical (Christology) | 1, 12, 17, 19, 22 |
| Christ / Messiah | Almasiihu / Kiristu | Critical | 1, 11, 12, 20 |
| Lord | Joom | Critical | 1, 4, 11, 17, 19, 22 |
| Son of God | Ɓiɗɗo Alla | Critical | (background; contrast with new “Son of Man” and believer “son” terms, chs. 1, 21) |
| Holy Spirit | Ruuhu Ceniiɗo | Critical | 1-3 (letters), 14, 22 |
| Holy | ceniiɗo | High | 20-22 (holy city), 4 (thrice-holy) |
| Saints | seniiɓe | High | 5, 8, 11, 13-14, 16-19 |
| Church | kawtal | Medium | 1-3, 22 |
| Kingdom of God | laamu Alla | Medium | 11, 12, 20 |
| Grace | Arjunde | Critical | 1, 22 |
| Faith | gomɗinal | High | 2, 13-14, 21 |
| Salvation | kisal | Critical | 7, 12, 19 |
| Righteousness | peewal | Critical | 19 |
| Resurrection | immorde e maayde | Critical | 11, 20 |
| Glory | manaango | High | 1, 4-5, 15, 18, 21 |
| Power of God | doole Alla | High | 1, 4-5, 11-12, 19 |
| Prophet | annabi | Medium | 10-11, 16, 18-19, 22 |
| Prophecy | annabaawo | Medium | 1, 10, 19, 22 |
| Covenant | alkawal | Medium | 11 |
| David | Daawuda | Low | 3, 5, 22 |
| Israel | Israa’iila | Medium | 7, 21 |
| Apostle | nulaaɗo | High | 18, 21 |
| Moses | Muusaa | (transliteration standard) | 15 |
| Amen | aamiin | (attested transliteration) | 1, 5, 7, 19, 22 |
| Hallelujah | aleluya | (attested transliteration) | 19 |
| Gospel | Linjiila | High | 10, 14 |
| Sin | bakkaatu | High | 18 |
| Gentiles / nations | leƴƴi goo | Medium | 5, 7, 21-22 |
| Intercession | torgol wonande | Medium | 5, 8 |
Note: Part A is not exhaustive of every possible reuse; it lists confirmed recurrences identified during chapter analysis. Any additional baseline term encountered during Phase 2 segment translation must be enforced identically per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Part B — New Terms Introduced by Revelation
| # | Term (English) | Category/Doctrine | Risk | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Definition | Fulfulde Rendering | Chapters | Translation Notes / Forbidden Substitutions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apocalypse / Revelation (genre) | Symbolic & Apocalyptic Interpretation | High | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | An unveiling of hidden divine realities, disclosed in symbolic, visionary form | feññinaari | 1 | Must be introduced with explicit genre-teaching before any symbolic image is encountered, to prevent flat-literal or dismissive misreading. |
| 2 | Lamb | Worship of the Lamb; Judgment; Return and Reign | Critical | ἀρνίον | arnion | Christ as the once-slain, now-enthroned, worthy Redeemer and Judge | Baali | 5-7, 12-15, 17, 19, 21-22 | Lexically uncertain — mandatory native-speaker/theologian confirmation of exact regional term and noun-class agreement. Never let Tabaski/sacrifice associations stand unexplained; teach the differences explicitly. Never soften the atonement claim. |
| 3 | Alpha and Omega / Beginning and End | Deity of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | Critical | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ / ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος | Alpha kai Ō / archē kai telos | Total, exclusive divine self-designation applied identically to God and to Christ | Alfa e Omega / fuɗɗoode e joofndi | 1, 21-22 | Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Directly engage Tawhid objection; never leave unexplained. |
| 4 | Almighty | Sovereignty of God over History | High | παντοκράτωρ | pantokratōr | God’s total sovereign power over history and creation | Alla Hattanɗo Kala | 1, 4, 11, 15-16, 19, 21 | Point of contact with 99-names-of-Allah tradition; must be re-anchored to the Trinitarian, Christ-revealing God. |
| 5 | Throne | Sovereignty of God over History; Return and Reign | High | θρόνος | thronos | The seat of God’s/the Lamb’s sovereign rule and judgment | araasi | 1, 4-5, 7, 11-12, 14, 16, 19-22 | Loanword shared with Quranic al-‘Arsh; must be re-anchored to the Lamb sharing God’s very throne (22:1,3), a direct deity claim. Fix rendering identically throughout. |
| 6 | Son of Man | Deity/Humanity of Christ | High | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου | huios anthrōpou | Danielic title combining full humanity with divine glory/authority | Ɓiɗɗo Neɗɗo | 1 | Keep strictly distinct from Ɓiɗɗo Alla (Son of God). Do not merge or interchange. |
| 7 | Hades | Judgment; Intermediate State | High | ᾍδης | Hadēs | The temporary realm/holding-place of the dead prior to resurrection and final judgment | Haadesi | 1, 6, 20 | Distinguish explicitly from Islamic barzakh and from the final lake of fire (20:14). |
| 8 | Bride (of Christ / of the Lamb) | Church as Bride of Christ | High | νύμφη | nymphē | The Church, corporately, in exclusive covenant-marriage devotion to Christ | suddiiɗo | 19, 21 | Provisional compound; theologian confirmation required. Exclusivity of the image should be taught explicitly against the backdrop of polygamous cultural norms, not softened. |
| 9 | Beast (from the sea) | Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation | Critical | θηρίον | thērion | The great persecuting end-times world-power/figure opposing God and his people | Kulle (capitalized title) | 11, 13, 16-17, 19-20 | CRITICAL: strong risk of automatic identification with al-Dajjal / Dabbat al-Ard. Must be kept lexically distinct from “kulle nguurndam” (the four worshiping living creatures, ch. 4). Never use as a generic animal term without the distinguishing title marker. |
| 10 | Living creatures (four) | Worship of the Lamb | High | ζῷα | zōa | Worshiping beings surrounding God’s throne | kulle nguurndam | 4-7, 14-15, 19 | Must never be confused with entry #9 (the Beast, therion) — a different Greek word entirely; mandate the fixed qualifier “nguurndam” every time. |
| 11 | Seven spirits (of God) | Sovereignty of God; Holy Spirit | Critical | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | hepta pneumata | The sevenfold fullness of the one Holy Spirit before God’s throne | Ruuhu jeeɗiɗi (+ mandatory gloss) | 1, 3-5 | Must never be read as multiple spirit-beings; explicit gloss required every occurrence to prevent conflation with jinna/jinnaaji (forbidden per baseline Holy Spirit entry). |
| 12 | Dragon / Satan | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | High | δράκων / Σατανᾶς | drakōn / Satanas | The ancient serpent, the accuser, defeated decisively at the cross and finally at the end | mboddi / Sayidaan | 2, 12, 20 | Shared vocabulary (Sayidaan/Shaytan) with Islamic tradition is a point of contact, but the Iblis narrative differs; teach the dragon/serpent/war-in-heaven narrative explicitly as distinct. |
| 13 | Mark of the Beast | Judgment of the Wicked | High | χάραγμα (τοῦ θηρίου) | charagma tou thēriou | The Beast’s counterfeit seal, demanding false allegiance | maandaari Kulle | 13-14, 16, 19-20 | Must remain sharply distinct, lexically and doctrinally, from “maandaari Alla” (seal of God, entry #14). |
| 14 | Seal of God / 144,000 sealed | Vindication of the Saints | High | ἐσφραγισμένοι | esphragismenoi | God’s protective mark on his own, contrasted with the Beast’s mark | maandaari Alla | 7, 9, 14 | See entry #13; confusion here inverts the chapters’ entire point. |
| 15 | Number 666 | Symbolic & Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium | ἀριθμὸς…ἑξήκοντα ἕξ | arithmos…hexēkonta hex | A symbolic gematria number identifying the Beast | limoore Kulle (666) | 13 | Teach as one instance of the book’s broader symbolic-number genre; avoid speculative numerology; note the parallel abjad-numeral tradition in regional Islamic use. |
| 16 | Armageddon | Judgment of the Wicked | Low | Ἁρμαγεδών | Harmagedōn | The symbolic place-name of final gathering for battle | Armagedon | 16 | Proper noun; teach as one contested symbol among many per the Symbolic Interpretation doctrine. |
| 17 | Millennium / thousand years | Return and Reign of Christ | Critical | χίλια ἔτη | chilia etē | The period of Satan’s binding and the saints’ reign with Christ | duuɗi ujunere | 20 | Direct collision with popular Mahdi-reign eschatology and Isa’s subordinate End-Times role; must be taught as Christ’s own sovereign reign. |
| 18 | Reign (with Christ) | Return and Reign of Christ | Critical | βασιλεύω | basileuō | Believers sharing in Christ’s authoritative rule | laamagol (e Kiristu) | 5, 11, 20, 22 | Extends baseline’s Sokoto-Caliphate caution on “laamu Alla”; teach as spiritual/heavenly reign, not political-military caliphate. |
| 19 | First resurrection | Return and Reign; Vindication of the Saints | Critical | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | hē anastasis hē prōtē | A resurrection preceding the final general resurrection and judgment | immorde adiindi (e maayde) | 20 | Reinforces baseline’s Critical resurrection entry against Quran 4:157’s crucifixion denial. |
| 20 | Gog and Magog | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Critical | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Gōg kai Magōg | Symbolic forces of final, futile end-times rebellion | Gog e Magog | 20 | Direct parallel to Quranic Yajuj wa Majuj; narrative role/timing differ substantially — must be taught explicitly, not assumed identical. |
| 21 | Great white throne | Judgment of the Wicked | High | ὁ θρόνος ὁ λευκὸς ὁ μέγας | ho thronos ho leukos ho megas | The scene of final judgment of the dead | araasi daneejo mawɗo | 20 | See entry #5 (throne); fix rendering identically. |
| 22 | Judged according to works | Judgment of the Wicked; (cross-ref. Grace, baseline Critical) | Critical | ἐκρίθησαν κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν | ekrithēsan kata ta erga autōn | Final judgment assessed against recorded deeds | ɓe ñaawaa sabu golle maɓɓe | 20 | MUST always be taught paired with “book of life” (#23) to distinguish believers (secured by grace, per baseline imputed_righteousness) from the deeds-judgment of the unrepentant. Never leave standing alone. |
| 23 | Book of Life | Vindication of the Saints; Judgment | High | τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | to biblion tēs zōēs | The record determining final destiny for those who belong to God | deftere nguurndam | 20-21 | See entry #22; the decisive grace-based counterpart to works-judgment. |
| 24 | Second death | Judgment of the Wicked | High | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | ho thanatos ho deuteros | Final, eternal separation from God, beyond ordinary physical death | maayde ɗimmere | 2, 20-21 | Provisional compound; distinguish categorically from ordinary death (baseline’s immorde e maayde covers resurrection from physical death only). |
| 25 | Lake of fire | Judgment of the Wicked | High | ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | hē limnē tou pyros | The place of final punishment for the unrepentant, following the final judgment | weendu yiite (e sufuri) | 19-21 | ”Fire” shared vocabulary with Jahannama is safe, but do not let the full Islamic hellfire framework substitute unexamined; teach the specific Revelation sequence (post-resurrection, post-throne). |
| 26 | Worship (of God / the Lamb) | Worship of the Lamb | Critical | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | Exclusive reverent submission/prostration properly due to God alone, and — climactically — to the Lamb as well | sujjude | 4-5, 7, 13-15, 19, 22 | Same verb as Islamic ritual prostration (sujud); context must always make clear whether true worship (of God/Lamb) or false worship (of the Beast/idols, #9/#27) is meant. The Lamb’s inclusion in worship (5:8-14) is the book’s central, non-negotiable Critical claim; the angel’s refusal of worship (22:8-9) is a valuable point of agreement with anti-idolatry teaching and should be used pedagogically. |
| 27 | Idolater / idolatry | Judgment of the Wicked | Medium | εἰδωλολάτρης | eidōlolatrēs | One who worships images/idols instead of the true God | ɓe sujjooɓe kaake | 21 (core), 9, 13 | Genuine shared moral ground with Tawhid; use as a bridge while distinguishing the Lamb’s worship (#26) from idolatry. |
| 28 | Sorcerer / sorcery | Judgment of the Wicked | High | φαρμάκος | pharmakos | Practitioner of magical/occult arts | ɓe waɗooɓe cirlisi | 9, 18, 21 (core), 22 | Names a real, active regional practice (marabout-mediated amulets/gris-gris), not a merely historical category; cross-ref. baseline’s barke caution. |
| 29 | Witness / martyr / testimony | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | Critical | μάρτυς / μαρτυρία | martys / martyria | One who faithfully testifies to Christ, potentially unto death, vindicated by Christ’s work and resurrection power, not by the merit of dying itself | seedaa / seedaagol | 1-2, 6, 11-12, 17, 20 | CRITICAL: must be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished from Islamic shahid/shahada (martyrdom-in-jihad as a supreme meritorious, paradise-guaranteeing act). Revelation’s martyrs are vindicated by grace and resurrection, not by their death’s merit. |
| 30 | Overcomer / to overcome/conquer | Perseverance; Assurance of Final Victory | High | νικάω | nikaō | Victory through faithful endurance and the Lamb’s finished work, not military/political conquest | fooluɗo / foolu | 2-3, 5, 12, 15, 17, 21 | Sokoto Caliphate jihad-victory resonance must be explicitly redirected to patient faithfulness and trust in Christ’s victory, never military conquest. |
| 31 | Worthy | Worship of the Lamb | High | ἄξιος | axios | Fitness/right, grounded in the Lamb’s sacrificial death, not status or deeds | haaniiɗo | 4-5, 16 | Teach worthiness-by-sacrifice explicitly against any deeds-based worthiness framework. |
| 32 | Scroll / seven seals | Sovereignty of God over History | Medium | βιβλίον / σφραγῖδες ἑπτά | biblion / sphragides hepta | God’s sealed redemptive-historical plan, opened only by the worthy Lamb | deftere / sele jeeɗiɗi | 5-6, 8, 10 | Lexically flagged (“sele”) for confirmation; ties Sovereignty-over-history doctrine to Christ’s unique authority. |
| 33 | Root of David | Davidic Covenant; Return and Reign | Medium | ῥίζα Δαυίδ | rhiza Dauid | Christ’s Davidic descent (a distinct Greek term from baseline’s “seed of David”) | ndaɗri Daawuda | 5, 22 | Keep terminologically distinct from baseline’s “geɗal Daawuda” (seed of David) though both serve the same doctrine. |
| 34 | Trumpet (seven trumpets) | Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation | Critical | σάλπιγξ | salpinx | Instruments announcing successive divine judgments | beendu | 1, 8-9, 11 | Direct collision/point-of-contact with the Islamic Sur (Israfil’s trumpet); sequence and content must be taught on Revelation’s own terms. |
| 35 | Bowls of wrath | Judgment of the Wicked | Medium | φιάλαι (τοῦ θυμοῦ) | phialai (tou thymou) | Seven final plagues completing God’s judgment | kolce tikkere (Alla) | 5, 15-16 | Descriptive compound; ties to Exodus-plague pattern for continuity of God’s righteous acts. |
| 36 | Wrath of God / wrath of the Lamb | Judgment of the Wicked | High | ὀργή (τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ ἀρνίου) | orgē (tou theou / tou arniou) | God’s/the Lamb’s righteous judicial anger against evil | tikkere Alla / tikkere Baali | 6, 14, 16, 19 | The Lamb+wrath pairing (6:16) must be explicitly taught as a deliberate paradox, not softened or treated as contradictory. |
| 37 | Great prostitute / Babylon | Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation | High | ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / Βαβυλών | hē pornē hē megalē / Babylōn | Symbolic name for the corrupt world-system opposing God | jeenoowo mawɗo / Babilon | 14, 16-19 | Register sensitivity per Pulaaku’s semteende; must be taught as corporate symbol, not literal individual. |
| 38 | Mystery | Symbolic & Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium-High | μυστήριον | mystērion | A symbol whose meaning God discloses openly in the text | gundu | 1, 10, 17 | Fulani-specific risk: distinguish from Sufi esoteric “hidden knowledge” tradition — Revelation’s mysteries are openly disclosed, not reserved for initiates. |
| 39 | Michael (archangel) / angel | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Medium | Μιχαήλ / ἄγγελος | Michaēl / angelos | God’s messenger/warrior-angel who defeats the dragon | Mikaa’iila / malaa’ika | 1-3, 5, 7-12, 14-22 (angelos throughout) | Shared vocabulary with Quranic Mikal/malaa’ika; positive point of contact, but this specific narrative role (ch. 12) is unique to Revelation. |
| 40 | Accuser | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Medium | κατήγορος | katēgoros | Epithet of Satan as prosecutor of believers | tuumoowo | 12 | Standard descriptive term; low doctrinal ambiguity. |
| 41 | Overcame by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony | Perseverance; Assurance of Final Victory | Critical | ἐνίκησαν…διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν | enikēsan…dia to haima tou arniou kai dia ton logon tēs martyrias autōn | Victory grounded in Christ’s atonement, appropriated by testimony — the doctrinal center of Perseverance under Persecution | ɓe fooli…sabu ƴiiƴam Baali e sabu konngol seedaagol maɓɓe | 12 | Fuses entries #2, #29, #30; translate as a single unit with mandatory theologian review. |
| 42 | False prophet | Judgment of the Wicked | High | ψευδοπροφήτης | pseudoprophētēs | The second beast, unmasked as no true prophet at all | annabi fenaanɗo | 13, 16, 19-20 | ”Annabi” carries high honor in Islamic tradition; the qualifying “fenaanɗo” must clearly unmask this figure without devaluing the term “annabi” generally. |
| 43 | Eternal gospel | Assurance/Sovereignty; (cross-ref. baseline Gospel, High) | High | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | euangelion aiōnion | The gospel proclaimed with permanent, unsuperseded validity | Linjiila mo woɗi haa fooyre | 14 | Reinforces baseline’s Linjiila caution; the eternality claim directly counters any notion of supersession/corruption (tahrif). |
| 44 | Harvest / winepress (of wrath) | Judgment of the Wicked | Medium | θερισμός / ληνός | therismos / lēnos | Final judgment pictured as harvest and wine-treading | remuru / wiyndu tikkere (Alla) | 14 | Wine imagery has low cultural resonance given alcohol prohibition; gloss briefly for vividness. |
| 45 | Song of Moses and the Lamb | Fulfillment of Prophecy (baseline, extended) | Medium | ᾳδὴ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου | ōdē Mōuseōs kai tou arniou | Continuity of God’s saving acts from Exodus to final deliverance | jimol Muusaa e Baali | 15 | Reinforces unified, linear covenant-history doctrine against a Quranic-style prophet-succession pattern. |
| 46 | Marriage/wedding supper of the Lamb | Church as Bride of Christ | High | ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | ho gamos tou arniou | The eschatological consummation of Christ and his Church | walima Baali | 19 | Deliberately uses the Islamic-loanword “walima” (wedding feast) as a bridge; must be taught as a unique, once-for-all eschatological event, not an elevated ordinary custom. |
| 47 | Word of God (title) | Deity/Incarnation of Christ | Critical | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | ho logos tou theou | Christological title identifying Christ with the eternal, personal divine Logos | Konngol Alla | 19 | Point of contact with Quran 3:45’s “a word from Allah,” but must be explicitly distinguished — this “Word” is a personal, eternal, divine being, per John 1:1. |
| 48 | King of kings and Lord of lords | Return and Reign of Christ | Critical | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | basileus basileōn kai kyrios kyriōn | Absolute supremacy over every other ruler or claimant to authority | Laamɗo laamɓe, Joom joomɓe | 17, 19 | Relativizes Sokoto Caliphate memory and any Mahdi-caliphate expectation; teach as the book’s climactic answer to ultimate sovereignty. |
| 49 | New heaven / new earth / new Jerusalem / all things new / new song / new name | The New Heaven and New Earth | High | καινός (various compounds) | kainos | Qualitative renewal, not annihilation-and-replacement nor mere temporal newness | kesol/hesere/kesa (per noun-class agreement) | 2-3, 14, 21 (core) | Grammatical concord across Fulfulde noun classes must be confirmed per dialect; theological “renewal not replacement” sense must be taught against Quran 14:48’s “changed earth” motif. |
| 50 | Tabernacle / dwell (God’s presence) | Sovereignty of God; New Heaven and New Earth | High | σκηνή / σκηνόω | skēnē / skēnōsei | God’s own permanent, intimate, covenantal presence with his people | suudu Alla / ñiiɓde | 7 (implied), 15, 21 (core) | Strong positive cultural bridge to nomadic tent-dwelling; provisional compound requiring confirmation; not pantheistic — specific, relational indwelling. |
| 51 | Bride’s adorning | Church as Bride of Christ | Medium | κεκοσμημένη | kekosmēmenē | The Church’s given, not self-generated, beauty and readiness | ka ñenntinaa | 21 (core) | Tie explicitly to Arjunde (grace) to avoid a merit-based misreading. |
| 52 | Spring/river of the water of life | New Heaven and New Earth; Assurance | Medium | πηγή / ποταμὸς ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς | pēgē / potamos hydatos tēs zōēs | Life freely given from God/the Lamb | iwdi ndiyam nguurndam / maayo nguurndam | 21 (core), 22 | Strong positive pastoralist-life resonance (wells, water sources); spiritual referent (eternal life) must be taught explicitly. |
| 53 | Tree of life | New Heaven and New Earth | Medium | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | xylon tēs zōēs | The restored access to unending life, and healing for the nations | lekki nguurndam | 2, 22 | Ties to Mission to the Nations doctrine via “healing of the nations” (22:2). |
| 54 | No more curse | New Heaven and New Earth | Low-Medium | οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα | ouk estai eti katara | Final reversal of Genesis 3’s curse | kunci alaa tawo | 22 | Bookends Genesis and Revelation; valuable redemptive-historical teaching point. |
| 55 | Adding to / taking away from the prophecy | Inspiration of Scripture (baseline, extended) | High | ὁ προστιθεὶς / ὁ ἀφαιρῶν | ho prostitheis / ho aphairōn | Warning against textual corruption of this prophetic book | on ɓeydiiɗo / on ittiiɗo | 22 | Strong positive apologetic resource directly countering the tahrif doctrine; use confidently in teaching on Scripture’s reliability. |
| 56 | Morning star | Return and Reign of Christ | Medium | ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | ho astēr ho prōinos | Christ’s self-designation of coming, hope-bearing glory | koode subaka (ndaneeri) | 2 (implied), 3, 22 | Standard descriptive compound; low doctrinal ambiguity once tied explicitly to Christ. |
| 57 | Come, Lord Jesus | Return and Reign of Christ | Critical | Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | Erchou, Kyrie Iēsou | The Church’s central eschatological prayer/hope for Christ’s personal, sovereign return | Ar, Joom Yeesu! | 22 | Direct, explicit engagement of the Islamic account of Isa’s subordinate End-Times return required; never left for silent reader reconciliation. |
| 58 | Shepherd (verb) | Perseverance; Assurance | Low-Medium | ποιμαίνω | poimainō | Christ’s tending, guiding care for his redeemed flock | hoowde | 7 | Strong positive resonance with Fulani pastoralist herding vocabulary/identity; confirm exact regional verb form. |
| 59 | Cowardly / faithless / detestable / murderers / sexually immoral / sorcerers / idolaters / liars (excluded list) | Judgment of the Wicked | Medium-High (compound; see #28 for sorcerers) | δειλοί, ἄπιστοι, ἐβδελυγμένοι, φονεῖς, πόρνοι, φαρμάκοι, εἰδωλολάτραι, ψευδεῖς | deiloi, apistoi, ebdelygmenoi, phoneis, pornoi, pharmakoi, eidōlolatrai, pseudeis | The comprehensive list of those excluded from the New Jerusalem (21:8) | kayruɓe / ɓe gomɗinaali / ɓe soɓndiiɓe / wareyɓe / jeenooɓe / ɓe waɗooɓe cirlisi / ɓe sujjooɓe kaake / fenooɓe | 21 (core) | Register sensitivity for sexual-immorality vocabulary per Pulaaku’s semteende; each term individually risk-tiered in 07_semantic_analysis.md v.8 table. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- All Part A terms must load from the existing baseline
translation_memory.json— do not re-derive or duplicate entries. - All Part B terms are new and must be added to a Revelation-specific extension of translation memory before Phase 2 segment translation begins, each tagged
"status": "provisional — pending theologian/native-speaker confirmation"per the baseline’s established practice for non-crystallized compounds. - Terms flagged Critical in this glossary automatically trigger the baseline’s “Human theologian” escalation rule; terms flagged High likewise require human theologian review per the baseline’s risk-tier conventions.
- Terms #9 (Beast) and #10 (living creatures), and terms #13 (mark of the Beast) and #14 (seal of God), are paired contrast entries — Phase 2 validation must specifically check that these are never lexically conflated.
- Terms #22 (judged according to works) and #23 (book of life) must always be processed and reviewed together — see baseline’s grace/salvation Critical entries for the underlying doctrinal rationale.
This glossary must be loaded alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md and the Romans baseline artifacts before any Phase 2 Revelation translation session.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Arjunde
Transliteration: arjunde
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: yurmeende (reserve for mercy/compassion generally), barke (marabout-associated blessing/spiritual power, NEVER use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In Revelation frames both the opening greeting (1:4) and the closing benediction (22:21), and underlies the ‘freely given’ (dōrean) water of life at 21:6/22:17 — the apart-from-works contrast must be stated explicitly there.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kisal
Transliteration: kisal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: dancal (protection, never as stand-alone substitute), aljanna (paradise, never as stand-alone gloss)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Ascribed to God and the Lamb by the great multitude (7:10; 12:10; 19:1); must never default unqualified into a deeds-weighing model.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: immorde e maayde
Transliteration: immorde e maayde
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: immorde ka maayde (dialectal variant, confirm regionally)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Underlies the two witnesses’ vindication (11:11) and both general resurrections of ch. 20. Directly contested by mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157, which denies the crucifixion occurred at all.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Ɓiɗɗo Alla
Transliteration: Ɓiɗɗo Alla
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nulaaɗo mawɗo (a great messenger, explicit downgrade, rejected)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Held in the background of Revelation’s Christ-titles; never used for believers’ derivative/adoptive sonship (21:7) — see believers_sonship entry, which uses plain ɓiɗɗo instead.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Almasiihu
Transliteration: Almasiihu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged (recorded there as ‘christ_messiah’). Ruling and reigning with his people in Revelation (11:15; 12:10; 20:4, 6). Shared vocabulary with the Quranic al-Masih must never be mistaken for shared belief in his deity, atoning death, and resurrection.
Seven Spirits Of God
Approved rendering: Ruuhu jeeɗiɗi
Transliteration: Ruuhu jeeɗiɗi
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God / Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: jinna/jinnaaji (NEVER use or allow conflation)
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
NEW. MANDATORY GLOSS REQUIRED EVERY OCCURRENCE: ’= fulfillment of Ruuhu Ceniiɗo.’ The sevenfold fullness of the one Holy Spirit (cf. Isa 11:2), not seven separate spirit-beings (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6). Without the gloss this risks conflation with jinna/jinnaaji, a densely populated regional folk-belief category already forbidden as a Holy Spirit substitute.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Baali
Transliteration: Baali
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb; Christology
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
NEW, provisional and lexically uncertain — MANDATORY native-speaker/theologian confirmation of exact regional term and noun-class agreement required before wide deployment (used 28 times). Christ as the once-slain, now-enthroned, worthy Redeemer, Judge, and Bridegroom. Critical because the Lamb’s worthiness rests on substitutionary sacrificial death (5:9), a claim Islamic atonement-free soteriology has no framework for. Tabaski’s sacrificial-sheep custom is a genuine cultural bridge but must be explicitly distinguished from this once-for-all, cosmically efficacious sacrifice.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alfa e Omega
Transliteration: Alfa e Omega
Doctrine: Deity of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ
Category: Christology
NEW, transliterated. Divine self-designation applied identically to God (1:8; 21:6) and Christ (22:13). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at every occurrence. One of the book’s strongest deity-of-Christ claims; requires direct, explicit engagement of the Tawhid objection, never left unexplained.
Beginning And End
Approved rendering: fuɗɗoode e joofndi
Transliteration: fuɗɗoode e joofndi
Doctrine: Deity of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος
Category: Christology
NEW, descriptive compound. Restates Alpha/Omega in native vocabulary (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Fixed rendering required at every occurrence; carries identical Critical deity-of-Christ weight.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: Konngol Alla
Transliteration: Konngol Alla
Doctrine: Deity/Incarnation of Christ
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Christological title identifying the rider on the white horse with the eternal, personal divine Logos (19:13; cf. John 1:1, 14). The Quran calls Isa ‘a word from Allah’ (3:45) — a genuine shared-vocabulary point of contact — but Islamic theology does not identify this word with an eternal, personal, divine being. Must be taught explicitly, never assumed shared.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Laamɗo laamɓe, Joom joomɓe
Transliteration: Laamɗo laamɓe, Joom joomɓe
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
NEW. Reuses baseline’s Joom. Absolute supremacy over every other ruler (17:14; 19:16). Relativizes Sokoto Caliphate memory and any Mahdi-caliphate expectation; teach as the book’s climactic answer to ultimate sovereignty.
Washed In The Blood Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: ɓe loowii wuti maɓɓe e ƴiiƴam Baali
Transliteration: ɓe loowii wuti maɓɓe e ƴiiƴam Baali
Doctrine: Salvation; Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Salvation
NEW. The atoning, cleansing power of Christ’s sacrificial blood applied to believers, purifying their robes (7:14). A direct atonement-by-blood claim that must be stated explicitly and plainly, since substitutionary atonement has no equivalent in Islamic soteriology, which weighs deeds rather than crediting an atoning death.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: immorde adiindi (e maayde)
Transliteration: immorde adiindi
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ; Resurrection
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW. A resurrection preceding the general resurrection of the dead at the final judgment (20:5-6). Qualifies the baseline’s resurrection term with adiindi (first); reinforces the same Critical risk against Quran 4:157’s crucifixion denial.
Millennium
Approved rendering: duuɓi ujunere
Transliteration: duuɓi ujunere
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW, descriptive/numerical. The thousand-year period of Satan’s binding and the saints’ reign with Christ (20:2-7). Islamic popular eschatology’s expectation of the Mahdi’s extended reign, with Isa in a subordinate role, is a ready but doctrinally incompatible category; must be taught as Christ’s own sovereign reign on his own authority.
Reign With Christ
Approved rendering: laamagol (e Kiristu)
Transliteration: laamagol
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἐβασίλευσαν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Believers sharing in Christ’s authoritative rule (5:10; 20:4, 6; 22:5). Extends baseline’s Sokoto-Caliphate political-resonance caution on laamu Alla; teach as spiritual/heavenly reign, never political-military.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: Aamiin. Ar, Joom Yeesu!
Transliteration: Aamiin. Ar, Joom Yeesu!
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The Church’s climactic eschatological prayer for Christ’s personal, sovereign return (22:20). MUST be taught with direct, explicit engagement of the Islamic account of Isa’s subordinate End-Times return (assisting the Mahdi, killing al-Dajjal, dying naturally, being buried); never softened or left for silent reader reconciliation.
Beast From The Sea
Approved rendering: Kulle
Transliteration: Kulle
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment
NEW. MANDATORY capitalized title, kept sharply distinct from ‘kulle nguurndam’ (living creatures, ch. 4) — an entirely different Greek word. Strong risk of automatic identification with al-Dajjal or the Dabbat al-Ard (Quran 27:82); must be taught with direct comparison, never assumed identical.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: ɓe ñaawaa sabu golle maɓɓe
Transliteration: ɓe ñaawaa sabu golle maɓɓe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἐκρίθησαν κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment
NEW. Final judgment assessed against deeds recorded in ‘the books’ (20:12-13). One of the most theologically sensitive verses in the book for Fulfulde readers — appears to confirm the deeds-weighing judgment framework central to regional Islamic soteriology. MUST ALWAYS be taught paired with book_of_life, distinguishing believers (secured by grace) from the deeds-judged unrepentant.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: beendu
Transliteration: beendu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Judgment
NEW. Instruments announcing successive divine judgments (1:10; chs. 8-9; 11:15). Direct collision with the widely known Islamic Sur, blown by the angel Israfil; the sequence, number, and content of Revelation’s seven trumpets differ substantially and must be taught on their own terms.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Gog e Magog
Transliteration: Gog e Magog
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Judgment
NEW, transliterated proper names. Symbolic forces of final, futile rebellion released at Satan’s brief final loosing (20:8). Direct parallel to the well-known Quranic Yajuj wa Majuj (18:94; 21:96); shared name, but narrative role, timing (relative to a millennial reign), and outcome differ substantially and must be explicitly taught, not assumed identical.
Witness Martyr
Approved rendering: seedaa / seedaagol
Transliteration: seedaa / seedaagol
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μάρτυς / μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance
NEW. One who faithfully testifies to Christ, potentially unto death, vindicated by Christ’s finished work and resurrection power (1:5, 9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3, 7; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4). MUST be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished from Islamic shahid/shahada (martyrdom-in-jihad as a supreme, deeds-crediting, paradise-guaranteeing act). Revelation’s martyrs are vindicated by grace and Christ’s resurrection, not the merit of their own death.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: seedaaɓe ɗiɗo
Transliteration: seedaaɓe ɗiɗo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Prophetic figures who testify, are killed, and are raised (11:3-12). Vindication comes through resurrection by God’s power, not through the merit of their own death; carries the same Critical shahid-distinction flag as witness_martyr.
Overcame By Blood And Testimony
Approved rendering: ɓe fooli mo sabu ƴiiƴam Baali e sabu konngol seedaagol maɓɓe
Transliteration: ɓe fooli mo sabu ƴiiƴam Baali e sabu konngol seedaagol maɓɓe
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Perseverance
NEW. The theological center of the Perseverance doctrine (12:11): victory achieved through Christ’s atonement, appropriated and confessed, not through the believer’s own suffering as merit. Fuses Lamb, blood, witness/testimony, and overcoming into a SINGLE TRANSLATION UNIT requiring mandatory theologian review; must never be broken apart across separate segments.
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: sujjude
Transliteration: sujjude
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
NEW. Exclusive reverent submission/prostration properly due to God alone, and — climactically — to the Lamb as well (4:10; 5:8-14; 7:11; 19:4; 22:3, 9), contrasted with idolatrous false worship of the Beast (13:4, 8, 12, 15). Identical verb to Islamic ritual prostration (sujud) — context MUST always make the object of worship explicit in the same sentence. The angel’s refusal of worship (22:8-9, ‘Worship God’) is valuable common ground with Tawhid’s anti-idolatry stance and should be used pedagogically without softening the Lamb’s own rightful worship.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Linjiila
Transliteration: Linjiila
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabaaru moƴƴo (acceptable as an explanatory gloss, ‘good news’)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Recognition varies by dialect and by whether a reader’s exposure has been Islamic (al-Injil, understood via tahrif as later corrupted) or Christian. In Revelation this term recurs at 10:7 (implied), 14:6 (see eternal_gospel entry).
Faith
Approved rendering: gomɗinal
Transliteration: gomɗinal
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: hoolaare (trust, acceptable supporting synonym)
Original: πίστις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In Revelation, faith is tested under persecution (2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12); the object of faith (Christ specifically, even unto death) must always be explicit.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: peewal
Transliteration: peewal
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: nunɗal (too civic)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In 19:8 the saints’ ‘righteous deeds’ (fine linen) must be taught as fruit of grace, not its ground.
Apostle
Approved rendering: nulaaɗo
Transliteration: nulaaɗo
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasuulu (NEVER use; reserved in Islamic usage for Muhammad)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In Revelation, named among the New Jerusalem’s foundations (18:20; 21:14).
Saints
Approved rendering: seniiɓe
Transliteration: seniiɓe
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In Revelation whose prayers rise as incense (5:8) and whose blood the Beast and Babylon shed (16:6; 17:6; 18:24); must convey an unmistakably corporate designation, never a small ascetic martyr-elite.
Lord
Approved rendering: Joom
Transliteration: Joom
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Laamiiɗo (reserve for ruler/king in political contexts; NEVER default here — carries Sokoto Caliphate resonance)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Climaxes in ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (17:14; 19:16) and the church’s final prayer (22:20-21).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: doole Alla
Transliteration: doole Alla
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: barke (marabout-associated spiritual power/blessing, NEVER use)
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Celebrated in the throne-room worship of chs. 4-5, 11-12, 19.
God
Approved rendering: Alla
Transliteration: Alla
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In Revelation Alla’s throne is explicitly shared with the Lamb (5:13; 22:1, 3) — a direct deity-of-Christ claim requiring explicit teaching against strict Tawhid doctrine.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Transliteration: Ruuhu Ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ruuhu (never use alone), jinna/jinnaaji (NEVER use; jinn in Islamic and folk belief)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Addressed in each of the seven letters (chs. 2-3) and speaking at the book’s close (22:17). See seven_spirits_of_god for the distinct, Critical-risk plural form requiring a mandatory gloss.
Sin
Approved rendering: bakkaatu
Transliteration: bakkaatu
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: fenaande (too weak)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Underlies Babylon’s judgment (18:4-5).
Almighty
Approved rendering: Alla Hattanɗo Kala
Transliteration: Alla Hattanɗo Kala
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
NEW. Extends baseline’s doole Alla. Genuine point of contact with the Islamic 99-names-of-Allah tradition (e.g. Al-Qadir), known with scholarly depth among Fulani communities; must be explicitly re-anchored to the Trinitarian, Christ-revealing God rather than left as generic shared vocabulary. Recurs 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15; 21:22.
Throne
Approved rendering: araasi
Transliteration: araasi
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
NEW, provisional loanword. Shared with Quranic al-‘Arsh, carrying specific Islamic cosmological associations (angels bearing the throne). Must be explicitly re-anchored to the Lamb sharing God’s very throne (5:6; 22:1, 3), a claim strict Tawhid doctrine rejects. Fix identically at every occurrence: 1, 4-5, 7, 11-12, 14, 16, 19-22.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Ɓiɗɗo Neɗɗo
Transliteration: Ɓiɗɗo Neɗɗo
Doctrine: Deity and Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Ɓiɗɗo Alla (must never be merged or interchanged with this term)
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. Danielic title (Dan 7:13) combining full humanity with divine glory/authority, applied to the glorified Christ (1:13; 14:14). A genuine bridge point since Islamic theology readily affirms Christ’s full humanity, but the accompanying divine glory-imagery (eyes like fire, 1:14-16) must be taught explicitly.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: gomɗinaaɗo e goongaaɗo
Transliteration: gomɗinaaɗo e goongaaɗo
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture; Deity of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
NEW. Title of God’s own words (21:5) and of the rider on the white horse, Christ (19:11). Must be rendered identically at both occurrences. Draws on root of gomɗinal (faith); directly counters the tahrif doctrine (Scripture corruption).
Worthy
Approved rendering: haaniiɗo
Transliteration: haaniiɗo
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Christology
NEW. The Lamb’s unique fitness to open the sealed scroll, grounded in sacrificial death, not status or deeds (5:2-4, 9, 12). Teach explicitly against the deeds-weighing framework of regional Islamic soteriology.
Believers Sonship
Approved rendering: ɓiɗɗo (general; NEVER Ɓiɗɗo Alla)
Transliteration: ɓiɗɗo
Doctrine: Salvation; Adoption
Rejected alternatives: Ɓiɗɗo Alla (forbidden here — reserved exclusively for Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship)
Original: θεὸς…υἱός
Category: Salvation
NEW. The covenant formula extended to every faithful overcomer: ‘I will be his God and he will be my son’ (21:7), echoing 2 Sam 7:14. Must use the general ɓiɗɗo for the believer here; the believer’s derivative sonship (adoption, cf. baseline’s jaɓugol wonande ɓiɗɗo) and Christ’s essential Sonship must remain terminologically and doctrinally distinct.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: deftere nguurndam
Transliteration: deftere nguurndam
Doctrine: Vindication of the Saints; Judgment of the Wicked
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW. The record of those who belong to God, decisive for final destiny alongside the books of deeds (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27). MUST always be taught paired with judged_according_to_works, as the decisive grace-secured factor distinguishing believers from the deeds-judged unrepentant.
Bride Of Christ
Approved rendering: suddiiɗo
Transliteration: suddiiɗo
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: debbo heɓɗo desal (fuller descriptive alternative under consideration)
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
NEW, provisional compound requiring MANDATORY theologian confirmation. The Church, corporately, prepared in exclusive covenant devotion to Christ, descending as the New Jerusalem (19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17). The image’s exclusivity sits in real cultural tension with polygamous marriage norms common among Fulani Muslim communities and must be taught explicitly as a deliberate feature — undivided devotion to one Lord — never softened, and never taught in a way that shames existing family marriage structures among hearers.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: walima Baali
Transliteration: walima Baali
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
NEW. Deliberately uses walima, the Arabic-derived wedding-feast loanword widespread in West African Muslim usage — a valuable, warm bridge term — but must be explicitly taught as a unique, once-for-all eschatological event (19:7, 9), not simply an elevated ordinary wedding custom.
No Temple In The City
Approved rendering: suudu senaande alaa e mun
Transliteration: suudu senaande alaa e mun
Doctrine: Church as God’s People; New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, FORBIDDEN per baseline)
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: Church
NEW. God and the Lamb are themselves the city’s temple; no separate temple building is needed (21:22). suudu senaande must be kept distinct from kawtal (church, baseline) and must never use moosaale.
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: kesol / hesere / kesa (per noun-class agreement)
Transliteration: kesol / hesere / kesa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
NEW, CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:1, 5; also 2:17; 3:12; 14:3). Qualitative renewal of the cosmos, not annihilation-and-replacement nor mere temporal newness. Grammatical noun-class agreement across kammu/leydi/Yerusalaam must be confirmed per dialect BEFORE this core passage is finalized. Must be taught as renewal against Quran 14:48’s ‘the earth will be changed to another earth’ motif.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Yerusalaam kesa
Transliteration: Yerusalaam kesa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
NEW, CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:2, 10). God’s own eschatological city, descending to the renewed earth. Readers whose knowledge of Jerusalem comes through Islamic tradition (al-Quds, Isra/Mi’raj) need explicit teaching that this is not the earthly city of any tradition but a wholly new, descending, divine city.
Tabernacle Dwell With Them
Approved rendering: suudu Alla / ñiiɓde
Transliteration: suudu Alla / ñiiɓde
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth; Sovereignty of God
Original: σκηνή / σκηνώσει
Category: Eschatology
NEW, provisional compound, CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:3; also 15:5). God’s own permanent, intimate, covenantal presence with his redeemed people. Strong positive cultural bridge to nomadic Fulani tent-dwelling life, but requires theologian confirmation; must be distinguished from any generic ‘God dwells everywhere’ statement — this is specific, relational, covenantal indwelling.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: annabi fenaanɗo
Transliteration: annabi fenaanɗo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
NEW. The second beast, unmasked as no true prophet at all (13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10). annabi carries the highest religious honor in Islamic tradition; the qualifier fenaanɗo must clearly unmask this specific figure without appearing to devalue annabi generally.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: maandaari Kulle
Transliteration: maandaari Kulle
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: χάραγμα (τοῦ θηρίου)
Category: Judgment
NEW. The Beast’s counterfeit seal (ch. 13-14, 16, 19-20). Must remain sharply distinct, lexically and doctrinally, from maandaari Alla (seal of God) — confusion would invert the chapters’ entire point.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: maandaari Alla
Transliteration: maandaari Alla
Doctrine: Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἐσφραγισμένοι
Category: Judgment
NEW. God’s protective mark on his own people (7:3-8; 9:4; 14:1). Must remain sharply distinct from maandaari Kulle; this pairing is the doctrinal engine of the whole judgment/vindication contrast.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: araasi daneejo mawɗo
Transliteration: araasi daneejo mawɗo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ὁ θρόνος ὁ λευκὸς ὁ μέγας
Category: Judgment
NEW. The scene of final judgment of the dead (20:11-15). Reuses araasi with the same High-risk flag; fix identically at every occurrence.
Second Death
Approved rendering: maayde ɗimmere
Transliteration: maayde ɗimmere
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
NEW, provisional compound. Final, eternal separation from God, beyond ordinary physical death (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8). A genuinely new theological category with no ready Fulfulde precedent; must be taught as categorically different from ordinary physical death (baseline’s immorde e maayde).
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: weendu yiite (e sufuri)
Transliteration: weendu yiite
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου)
Category: Judgment
NEW. The place of final, conscious punishment (19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8). ‘Fire’ (yiite) is safely shared vocabulary with Jahannama, but the full Jahannama framework must not substitute unexamined — teach Revelation’s specific sequence (post-resurrection, post-great-white-throne).
Wrath Of God And Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: tikkere Alla / tikkere Baali
Transliteration: tikkere Alla / tikkere Baali
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked; Worship of the Lamb
Original: ὀργὴ (τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ ἀρνίου)
Category: Judgment
NEW. God’s and the Lamb’s righteous judicial anger (6:16-17; 14:10, 19; 16:19; 19:15). The Lamb-plus-wrath pairing (6:16) is a deliberate paradox that must be explicitly taught as a feature, not a contradiction.
Great Prostitute And Babylon
Approved rendering: jeenoowo mawɗo / Babilon
Transliteration: jeenoowo mawɗo / Babilon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / Βαβυλών
Category: Judgment
NEW. Symbolic name for the corrupt world-system opposing God (chs. 14, 16-19). Register sensitivity required per Pulaaku’s semteende across two full chapters of sustained prostitution imagery, while preserving the text’s harsh moral force; teach as a corporate symbol, not a literal individual.
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: ɓe waɗooɓe cirlisi
Transliteration: ɓe waɗooɓe cirlisi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: φαρμάκος
Category: Judgment
NEW. A practitioner of magical/occult arts, excluded from the New Jerusalem (9:21; 18:23; 21:8; 22:15). Names a real, active regional practice — marabout-mediated amulets and gris-gris, already flagged under baseline’s barke caution — not a merely historical or foreign category.
Overcomer
Approved rendering: fooluɗo / foolu
Transliteration: fooluɗo
Doctrine: Perseverance; Assurance of Final Victory
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Victory through faithful endurance and the Lamb’s blood, not military force or personal merit — refrain closing each of the seven letters (2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 12:11; 15:2; 21:7). Historical resonance with the Sokoto Caliphate’s reformist jihad-victory tradition; must be explicitly taught as patient endurance and trust, never military/political conquest.
Apocalypse Genre
Approved rendering: feññinaari
Transliteration: feññinaari
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW, coined neologism with no prior attestation. An unveiling of hidden divine realities, disclosed in symbolic, visionary form — the book’s own self-naming genre term (1:1). MUST be introduced with explicit genre-teaching before any other symbol (Beast, bowls, numbers) is encountered.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: kulle nguurndam
Transliteration: kulle nguurndam
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW. Worshiping beings surrounding God’s throne (chs. 4-7, 14-15, 19). This Greek term (zōa) is entirely distinct from thērion (Beast, ch. 13); MANDATE the fixed qualifier ‘nguurndam’ every time to prevent readers conflating the worshiping creatures with the hostile Beast (see beast_from_the_sea entry).
Hades
Approved rendering: Haadesi
Transliteration: Haadesi
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation; Judgment
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW, transliterated. The temporary realm/holding-place of the dead prior to resurrection and final judgment (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Islamic afterlife cosmology includes barzakh, the intermediate state; must be taught as distinct in specific theological content, and distinct from the final lake of fire.
Abyss
Approved rendering: ɗaɗol ka alaa cakkite
Transliteration: ɗaɗol ka alaa cakkite
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW, descriptive compound. The bottomless pit, prison/origin-place of the demonic locust-army and later the Beast (9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1, 3). Islamic cosmology includes multiple named hell-levels; teach as a temporary demonic prison, distinct from the final lake of fire.
Dragon
Approved rendering: mboddi
Transliteration: mboddi
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: δράκων
Category: Assurance of Victory over Evil
NEW. The ancient serpent, explicitly identified as Satan (12:9). Connects to Genesis serpent imagery; the explicit identification ‘that ancient serpent, who is called the devil and Satan’ must be rendered to tie mboddi, Sayidaan, and the Genesis account together, since the Islamic Iblis narrative lacks this serpent-in-Eden/dragon-in-heaven imagery.
Satan
Approved rendering: Sayidaan
Transliteration: Sayidaan
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Assurance of Victory over Evil
NEW. The adversary, named repeatedly from ch. 2 onward, cast down in ch. 12, bound and finally destroyed in ch. 20. Shared vocabulary with regional Islamic Shaytan is a genuine point of contact, but the Iblis narrative differs from the biblical Satan’s role and ultimate defeat; teach the distinct biblical narrative explicitly.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: Linjiila mo woɗi haa fooyre
Transliteration: Linjiila mo woɗi haa fooyre
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Covenant
NEW. The gospel proclaimed with permanent, unsuperseded validity (14:6). Reinforces baseline’s Linjiila caution; the eternality claim directly counters any notion the gospel has been superseded or corrupted — a valuable resource against the tahrif doctrine.
Adding Or Taking Away From The Prophecy
Approved rendering: on ɓeydiiɗo / on ittiiɗo
Transliteration: on ɓeydiiɗo / on ittiiɗo
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ὁ προστιθεὶς…ὁ ἀφαιρῶν
Category: Covenant
NEW. A solemn warning against altering the text of this prophecy (22:18-19). A strong, positive apologetic resource directly countering the tahrif doctrine; use confidently and explicitly.
Woman Clothed With The Sun
Approved rendering: debbo bortiingo naange
Transliteration: debbo bortiingo naange
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Covenant
NEW, descriptive. Symbolic figure who gives birth to the Messiah, variously interpreted as Israel, Mary, or the Church (12:1-6). Significant interpretive debate exists among Christian traditions themselves; flag for theologian guidance on interpretive framing. Readers’ independent knowledge of Israel’s covenant history may come primarily through the Quranic narrative rather than the biblical one.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: ceniiɗo
Transliteration: ceniiɗo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: laaɓɗo (reserve for ritual/physical cleanliness only)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Modifies ‘the holy city’ (21:2, 10) and the thrice-repeated trisagion (4:8).
Glory
Approved rendering: manaango
Transliteration: manaango
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: teddungal (reserve for human honor/dignity in Pulaaku contexts)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. In 21:23 the Lamb functions as the New Jerusalem’s own glory-light exactly as God does — a direct deity-of-Christ claim requiring explicit teaching.
Prophet
Approved rendering: annabi
Transliteration: annabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. A title John himself bears (10:7; 11:10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 22:6, 9); see false_prophet entry for the qualified negative use.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: annabaawo
Transliteration: annabaawo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Names the whole book itself (1:3; 19:10; 22:7, 10, 18-19).
Covenant
Approved rendering: alkawal
Transliteration: alkawal
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Visible in the heavenly ark of the covenant (11:19) — see ark_of_the_covenant entry.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israa’iila
Transliteration: Israa’iila
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. See twelve_tribes_of_israel for the new tribal-listing entry Revelation adds (7:4-8; 21:12).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yeesu
Transliteration: Yeesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Iisa (Quranic Arabic form; reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Named throughout Revelation (1:1, 5, 9; 12:17; 17:6; 19:10; 22:16, 20-21); never substitute Iisa, especially in the climactic prayer ‘Come, Lord Jesus’ (22:20).
Church
Approved rendering: kawtal
Transliteration: kawtal
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: moosaale (mosque, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Addresses the seven churches (chs. 2-3) and the gathered redeemed people throughout.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: laamu Alla
Transliteration: laamu Alla
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ κόσμου…τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Eschatology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. ‘The kingdom of the world has become our Lord’s’ (11:15) — must be taught distinct from historic or anticipated Islamic-state political authority (Sokoto Caliphate memory).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: leƴƴi goo
Transliteration: leƴƴi goo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Peoples of every nation redeemed and gathered before the throne (5:9; 7:9; 21:24; 22:2); teach with sensitivity to real Sahelian inter-ethnic tension.
Intercession
Approved rendering: torgol wonande
Transliteration: torgol wonande
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. The prayers of the saints pictured as incense rising before God’s throne (5:8; 8:3-4); must avoid any suggestion of ritual, marabout-mediated incense practice.
Root Of David
Approved rendering: ndaɗri Daawuda
Transliteration: ndaɗri Daawuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s Davidic descent (5:5; 22:16), a distinct Greek term (rhiza) from baseline’s ‘seed of David’ (sperma). Keep terminologically distinct from geɗal Daawuda even though both serve the same doctrine.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: koode subaka (ndaneeri)
Transliteration: koode subaka
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s self-designation (2:28; 22:16), echoing Numbers 24:17. Standard descriptive compound; low doctrinal ambiguity once tied explicitly to Christ.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: kabbal Daawuda
Transliteration: kabbal Daawuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ κλεῖς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW, descriptive compound. Christ’s authority to open and shut (3:7), echoing Isaiah 22:22, tied to the Davidic line.
New Name
Approved rendering: innde kesere
Transliteration: innde kesere
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὄνομα καινόν
Category: Salvation
NEW. A promised, personal, intimate name given to overcomers (2:17; 3:12). Uses the same kainos grammatical-concord decision as new_heaven_and_new_earth — pending theologian sign-off on the noun-class concord table for the whole book.
Brides Adorning
Approved rendering: ka ñenntinaa
Transliteration: ka ñenntinaa
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: κεκοσμημένη
Category: Church
NEW. The Church’s beauty and readiness, given rather than self-generated (21:2). Must be tied explicitly to Arjunde (grace) to prevent a merit-based misreading.
Lampstand
Approved rendering: hoɗirde fitilla
Transliteration: hoɗirde fitilla
Doctrine: The Church as Light-Bearer
Original: λυχνία
Category: Church
NEW. Symbol of the seven churches as light-bearers (1:12, 20; 2:5). Connects forward to the Lamb as the New Jerusalem’s own lamp (21:23), a deity-of-Christ claim under the glory entry.
Twelve Gates And Foundations
Approved rendering: dame (gates) / fondamaan (foundations)
Transliteration: dame / fondamaan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: πύλαι δώδεκα…θεμέλιοι δώδεκα
Category: Church
NEW, descriptive. The New Jerusalem’s gates named for the twelve tribes, foundations named for the twelve apostles (21:12, 14). Reuses baseline’s nulaaɗo; ties Old and New Covenant peoples together.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: lekki nguurndam
Transliteration: lekki nguurndam
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
NEW, descriptive compound. Restored access to unending life, and healing for the nations (2:7; 22:2, 14). Ties to Mission to the Nations doctrine via ‘healing of the nations’ (22:2).
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: iwdi ndiyam nguurndam / maayo nguurndam
Transliteration: iwdi ndiyam nguurndam / maayo nguurndam
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πηγή / ποταμὸς ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
NEW, CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:6; 22:1, 17). Life freely given from God and the Lamb, first as a spring then a flowing river. Strong positive resonance with pastoralist life around wells, springs, rivers; the spiritual referent must be taught explicitly. Tie ‘without payment’ (dōrean) explicitly to the Critical grace doctrine.
Number 666
Approved rendering: limoore Kulle (666)
Transliteration: limoore Kulle
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀριθμὸς…ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Judgment
NEW. A symbolic gematria number identifying the Beast (13:18). Teach as one instance of the book’s broader symbolic-number genre; avoid speculative numerology, noting the parallel abjad letter-value tradition already familiar in regional Islamic use.
Bowls Of Wrath
Approved rendering: kolce tikkere Alla
Transliteration: kolce tikkere Alla
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: φιάλαι (τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Judgment
NEW, descriptive compound. Seven final plagues completing God’s judgment, echoing the Exodus plagues (ch. 16).
Harvest And Winepress
Approved rendering: remuru / wiyndu tikkere Alla
Transliteration: remuru / wiyndu tikkere Alla
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: θερισμός / ληνός (τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Judgment
NEW. Final judgment pictured as harvest and wine-treading (14:14-20). Winepress imagery has low cultural resonance given the alcohol prohibition in Muslim Fulani communities; requires a brief explanatory gloss.
Idolater
Approved rendering: ɓe sujjooɓe kaake
Transliteration: ɓe sujjooɓe kaake
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Judgment
NEW. One who worships images/idols instead of the true God (9:20; 21:8; 22:15). Genuine shared moral ground with Tawhid’s rejection of shirk; use as a bridge while distinguishing the Lamb’s legitimate worship, which the book itself carefully distinguishes at 22:8-9.
Sexually Immoral
Approved rendering: jeenooɓe
Transliteration: jeenooɓe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: πόρνοι
Category: Judgment
NEW. Those engaging in sexual immorality broadly (21:8; cf. 2:14, 20-21; 9:21). Register sensitivity required per Pulaaku’s semteende; avoid euphemisms so vague they lose the term’s moral force.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: sonnaari
Transliteration: sonnaari
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Suffering endured by the churches under persecution (1:9; 2:9-10, 22; 7:14). Distinguish everyday hardship from the specific end-times Great Tribulation (qualify sonnaari mawndi at 7:14) to avoid flattening the eschatological sense.
Scroll And Seven Seals
Approved rendering: deftere / sele jeeɗiɗi
Transliteration: deftere / sele jeeɗiɗi
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: βιβλίον / σφραγῖδες ἑπτά
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW, ‘sele’ flagged for lexical confirmation. God’s sealed redemptive-historical plan for history, opened only by the worthy Lamb (chs. 5-6, 8, 10).
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: Abaddon
Transliteration: Abaddon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW, transliterated proper name. Named king of the locust-demons (9:11). No equivalent named figure in Islamic angelology/demonology by this name; explain as specific to this vision.
Michael Archangel
Approved rendering: Mikaa’iila
Transliteration: Mikaa’iila
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Assurance of Victory over Evil
NEW, transliterated, shared with Quranic Mikal (2:98). The archangel who leads heaven’s armies against the dragon (12:7-9). A genuine positive point of contact, but this specific narrative role is unique to Revelation and should be taught as such.
Accuser
Approved rendering: tuumoowo
Transliteration: tuumoowo
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: κατήγορος
Category: Assurance of Victory over Evil
NEW. Epithet of Satan as prosecutor of believers (12:10). Standard descriptive term, low doctrinal ambiguity.
New Song
Approved rendering: jimol kesol
Transliteration: jimol kesol
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship
NEW. A song only the redeemed can learn (5:9; 14:3). Descriptive compound matching the general ‘new’ (kainos) concord decision.
Song Of Moses And The Lamb
Approved rendering: jimol Muusaa e Baali
Transliteration: jimol Muusaa e Baali
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ἡ ᾳδὴ Μωϋσέως…καὶ ἡ ᾳδὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
NEW. Links Exodus deliverance to the Lamb’s final deliverance — continuity of God’s saving acts (15:3). Reinforces the linear, unified covenant-history doctrine against a Quranic-style prophet-succession pattern.
Twelve Tribes Of Israel
Approved rendering: leƴƴi sappo e ɗiɗi (Israa’iila)
Transliteration: leƴƴi sappo e ɗiɗi
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
NEW. Reuses baseline’s Israa’iila. The covenant people, sealed and numbered by tribe among the redeemed (7:4-8; 21:12). Standard genealogical/tribal listing resonant with Fulani cultural emphasis on lineage.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: ndeeɗi / ka wonaa wuli wonaa buuɗi
Transliteration: ndeeɗi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Neither hot nor cold — spiritual complacency, the opposite of faithful witness (3:16). Ensure the moral force is not lost in a merely literal temperature gloss.
Precious Stones
Approved rendering: kaaƴe tedduɗe
Transliteration: kaaƴe tedduɗe
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: λίθος τίμιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The New Jerusalem’s foundations adorned with named gemstones (21:11, 19-20). Flag for translator research into Fulfulde/regional gemstone vocabulary for individual gem names; not doctrinally load-bearing individually, but collectively reinforce manaango (glory).
Healing Of The Nations
Approved rendering: safaara
Transliteration: safaara
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: εἰς θεραπείαν τῶν ἐθνῶν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The tree of life’s leaves bring healing to the nations, the book’s final note of restoration (22:2). Ties to the Unity of Jews and Gentiles/Mission to the Nations doctrines.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: Daawuda
Transliteration: Daawuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unchanged. Recurs at 3:7, 5:5, 22:16; biblical covenant narrative differs from the Quranic Dawud narrative and should be explained, not assumed shared.
Moses
Approved rendering: Muusaa
Transliteration: Muusaa
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
INHERITED transliteration standard from the Romans package’s AI instructions (12_ai_translation_requirements.md). Whose song is joined to the Lamb’s (15:3) — see song_of_moses_and_the_lamb.
Amen
Approved rendering: aamiin
Transliteration: aamiin
Doctrine: Worship
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
INHERITED transliteration standard from the Romans package’s AI instructions. Used throughout (1:6-7; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21).
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: aleluya
Transliteration: aleluya
Doctrine: Worship
Original: ἀλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
INHERITED transliteration standard from the Romans package’s AI instructions. Sung at Babylon’s fall and the wedding of the Lamb (19:1, 3-4, 6).
Sea Of Glass
Approved rendering: weendu gilaasi
Transliteration: weendu gilaasi
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη
Category: God
NEW. A shining, crystal expanse before God’s throne (4:6; 15:2). Descriptive compound using the loanword gilaasi (glass); low doctrinal weight.
Rainbow
Approved rendering: [lexical gap — flag for native-speaker confirmation]
Transliteration: n/a
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἶρις
Category: God
NEW, unresolved lexical gap. No confirmed standard Fulfulde lexical item recorded for the arc of color encircling God’s throne (4:3; 10:1), echoing the Noahic covenant sign. Low doctrinal weight but a genuine gap consistent with the thinner translation tradition; must be resolved before Phase 2 segment translation of ch. 4.
Silence In Heaven
Approved rendering: deeƴre
Transliteration: deeƴre
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σιγή
Category: God
NEW. Literal silence in heaven before judgment begins (8:1). Baseline reserves deeƴre as too passive/psychological a substitute for jam (peace); this literal occurrence does not conflict with that caution but must not be mistaken for a rendering of jam.
Pillar
Approved rendering: saɓɓal / tugunde
Transliteration: saɓɓal
Doctrine: The Church as Light-Bearer
Original: στῦλος
Category: Church
NEW. Overcomers pictured as permanent pillars in God’s temple (3:12). Standard architectural image, low ambiguity.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Armagedon
Transliteration: Armagedon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Judgment
NEW, transliterated proper noun. The symbolic place-name of final gathering for battle (16:16). Teach as one contested symbol among many, not sensationalized despite popular-culture resonance.
Murderers
Approved rendering: wareyɓe
Transliteration: wareyɓe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: φονεῖς
Category: Judgment
NEW. Those who unlawfully kill, excluded from the New Jerusalem (21:8; 9:21). A universally recognized moral-legal category shared across cultures and religions.
Locusts
Approved rendering: labbi
Transliteration: labbi
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW. A demonic locust-plague causing torment without death (9:3-10). Positive cultural resonance — real, lived agricultural fear across the Sahel — giving the image unusual immediacy; the demonic/torment dimension (not crop destruction) must be clarified.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: lekki hakkiiɗo
Transliteration: lekki hakkiiɗo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἄψινθος
Category: Judgment
NEW. A bitter plant/substance poisoning a third of the waters (8:11). The specific plant is unfamiliar in the Sahelian context; use a functional bitterness gloss.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: Mbaroodi Yahuda
Transliteration: Mbaroodi Yahuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant; Return and Reign
Original: λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα
Category: Christology
NEW. Messianic title from Genesis 49:9-10 (5:5). Standard proper-noun-based image with low ambiguity.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: mawɓe
Transliteration: mawɓe
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: πρεσβύτεροι εἴκοσι τέσσαρες
Category: Church
NEW. Representative worship-leaders surrounding God’s throne (4:4, 10; 5:8; 11:16; 19:4). Carries strong positive resonance with Pulaaku’s honor for age and wisdom (hakkille); a positive cultural bridge with low doctrinal risk.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: kunci alaa tawo
Transliteration: kunci alaa tawo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The final reversal of Genesis 3’s curse (22:3). Descriptive; ties Genesis and Revelation as bookends of the whole biblical storyline.
Liars
Approved rendering: fenooɓe
Transliteration: fenooɓe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ψευδεῖς
Category: Judgment
NEW. Those who speak falsehood habitually, closing the excluded-persons list (21:8; 21:27; 22:15). Shares its root with baseline’s fenaande (rejected there for ‘sin’ generally, but appropriate here for its narrow sense).
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: karaas alkawal
Transliteration: karaas alkawal
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
NEW, descriptive, built on baseline’s alkawal. Seen in the heavenly temple, signaling God’s covenant faithfulness made visible (11:19).
White Robes
Approved rendering: wuti daneeji
Transliteration: wuti daneeji
Doctrine: Vindication of the Saints
Original: στολαὶ λευκαί
Category: Church
NEW. Purity and victory given, not earned, to the redeemed multitude (6:11; 7:9, 13-14). White garments carry positive purity associations in both Fulani custom and Islamic practice (ihram, burial shrouds) — a good point of contact; must be taught as a given/gift, not merit-based.
Shepherd Verb
Approved rendering: hoowde
Transliteration: hoowde
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ποιμαίνω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Christ’s tending, guiding care for his redeemed flock (7:17). Excellent, strongly resonant cultural bridge to core Fulani pastoralist herding vocabulary and identity; confirm the precise regional verb form, but doctrinal risk is low.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Cowardly
Approved rendering: kayruɓe
Transliteration: kayruɓe
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλοί
Category: Judgment
NEW. Those who abandon the faith under persecution’s fear (21:8). Not generic timidity but specifically failing to endure faithfully under persecution; teach in direct contrast with fooluɗo (overcomer, 21:7).
Mystery
Approved rendering: gundu
Transliteration: gundu
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW. A hidden meaning now openly disclosed by the interpreting angel (1:20; 10:7; 17:5, 7). West African Sufi tradition has its own strong ‘hidden/esoteric knowledge’ category; gundu must be taught as a symbol whose meaning God discloses openly through the text itself, not knowledge reserved for initiates.
Referenced passages