Passage

Romans 5

• Doctrine

  Faith

  In everyday Russian religious usage, 'having faith' (вера) often means identifying as Orthodox and participating in its sacraments, rather than personal trust in Christ specifically; Romans' individual, Christ-directed sense must be made explicit, especially in the justification passages.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  вера is the standard, unambiguous term, but in Russian Orthodox usage 'faith' is often assumed to include sacramental participation and church membership (вера = being Orthodox) rather than personal trust in Christ alone.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Doctrine

  Grace

  CRITICAL: Orthodox theology (following Palamas) understands благодать as uncreated divine energies that ontologically transform and deify the believer through sacramental participation, not primarily as unmerited legal pardon apart from works.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: благодать is the correct Synodal term, but Russian Orthodox theology (following Palamas) understands it as uncreated divine energies that really transform and deify the believer, not primarily an unmerited legal pardon.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Well-supported by Orthodox Christology (against ancient docetism, which Orthodox tradition already firmly rejects); real physical human nature is uncontroversial doctrinal common ground here.

  ROM.5.15

• Glossary Term

  Peace

  мир is the standard term, but is also the ordinary word for 'the world' and for 'political peace/absence of war' (a historically loaded concept in Russian, given 20th-century war memory).

  ROM.5.1

• Doctrine

  Peace with God

  мир also means 'the world' and carries heavy 20th-century connotations of political/military peace; Romans 5:1's relational, judicial peace through justification must be distinguished in context from both senses.

  ROM.5.1