Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 1 Peter (English → Sanskrit)
This glossary extends the Romans baseline translation_memory.json. Section A lists baseline terms that recur in 1 Peter and must be reused exactly, unchanged. Section B introduces new terms discovered in the full-book pass of 1 Peter, following the same methodology as the baseline: preference for the least philosophically-encumbered available Sanskrit term, and explicit, grounded rejection of any alternative that collides with a named classical school, deity-epithet, or narrative.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → 1 Peter)
| English Term | Sanskrit (Devanagari) | Transliteration | Risk | 1 Peter Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुसमाचारः | susamācāraḥ | High | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 |
| grace | अनुग्रहः | anugrahaḥ | High | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 |
| faith | विश्वासः | viśvāsaḥ | High | 1:5, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 |
| salvation | त्राणम् | trāṇam | Critical | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:20-21, 4:18 |
| holy | पवित्रम् | pavitram | High | 1:15, 1:16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 |
| sanctification / sanctify | पवित्रीकरणम् | pavitrīkaraṇam | High | 1:2, 3:15 |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थानम् | punarutthānam | Critical | 1:3, 3:21 |
| glory | महिमा | mahimā | High | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 |
| God | सर्वेश्वरः | sarveśvaraḥ | Critical | throughout |
| Lord | प्रभुः | prabhuḥ | Critical | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:6, 3:15 |
| Jesus | यीशुः | yīśuḥ | Critical | throughout |
| Christ | ख्रीष्टः | khrīṣṭaḥ | Critical | throughout (established transliteration per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md) |
| Father | पिता | pitā | Critical | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | pavitra ātmā | Critical | 1:2, 1:11-12 |
| called / calling | आहूतः / आह्वानम् | āhūtaḥ / āhvānam | High | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 |
| gentiles / nations | अन्यजातीयाः | anyajātīyāḥ | Medium | 2:12 |
| power of God | परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम् | parameśvarasya sāmarthyam | High | 1:5 |
| spiritual gift | आत्मिकं वरदानम् | ātmikaṃ varadānam | Medium | 4:10 |
| peace | शान्तिः | śāntiḥ | Medium | 3:11, 5:14 |
| righteousness / righteous | धार्मिकता / धार्मिकः | dhārmikatā / dhārmikaḥ | Critical | 2:24, 3:12, 3:14, 3:18, 4:18 |
| sin | पापम् | pāpam | High | 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 |
| fellowship / share (κοινωνία root) | सहभागिता | sahabhāgitā | Low | 4:13 |
| prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyadvaktā | Low | 1:10 |
| Abba/Israel/David | (not applicable — not present in 1 Peter) | — | — | — |
| church | मण्डली | maṇḍalī | Medium | (implicit, not named directly, but underlies 2:5’s “spiritual house” imagery) |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter
B.1 — Living Hope and New Birth (Doctrine: “The Living Hope of the Resurrection”)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| born again / regenerated | ἀναγεννάω (anagennaō) | नवजन्म | navajanma | Critical | पुनर्जन्म (forbidden — transmigration mechanism); संजनन (too weak) | नव (“new”), not पुनः (“again/repeated”): a single, unrepeatable divine act, never entry into a cycle. Mandatory note at every occurrence. |
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | जीवन्ती आशा | jīvantī āśā | High | — | Weight derives entirely from its resurrection referent (1:3); must not be treated as a free-standing psychological state. |
| hope (general) | ἐλπίς (elpis) | आशा | āśā | Low-Medium | — | Standard, low-baggage term for expectation/hope. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | उत्तराधिकारः | uttarādhikāraḥ | High | — | Must be qualified अक्षय्यः अनश्वरः (imperishable, unfading) to block a reading limited to dharmaśāstra’s partial-share inheritance law; parallels baseline “adoption” entry’s full-heirship concern. |
| imperishable / undefiled / unfading | ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος | अक्षय्यम् / निर्मलम् / अम्लानम् | akṣayyam / nirmalam / amlānam | Low | — | Descriptive; no rival technical sense. |
| soul / self / person | ψυχή (psychē) | जीवः | jīvaḥ | High | आत्मा (forbidden — reserved exclusively for Holy Spirit compound, ātman-Brahman collision) | Must carry note: names the whole person/self entrusted to God, distinct from both the Advaitic jīvātman-Brahman identity claim and from पवित्र आत्मा. Recurs 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. |
| trial / testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | संकटम् / आपत्तिः | saṃkaṭam / āpattiḥ | High | दुःखम् (Sāṃkhya-Yoga foundational suffering-category); क्लेशः (Yoga Sūtra’s five afflictions) | Mandatory note distinguishing from both duḥkha and kleśa frameworks. |
| tested genuineness | δοκίμιον (dokimion) | परीक्षितत्वम् | parīkṣitatvam | Medium | प्रामाण्यम् (Nyāya-Mīmāṃsā epistemic-validity term) | — |
B.2 — Suffering (Doctrines: “Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake,” “Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering”)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| suffer / suffering (general) | πάσχω / πάθημα (paschō / pathēma) | पीडा | pīḍā | Critical | दुःखम् (Sāṃkhya Kārikā 1’s foundational category; Yoga Sūtra 2.15); क्लेशः (Yoga Sūtra 2.3’s five named afflictions) | Highest-frequency load-bearing term-family in the book (16+ occurrences). Flag every occurrence for review given curriculum centrality. |
| suffer for righteousness’ sake | πάσχοιτε διὰ δικαιοσύνην | धार्मिकतार्थं पीडां सहते | dhārmikatārtham pīḍāṃ sahate | Critical | — | Compounds two Critical/High baseline+new terms; mandatory redefinition per baseline’s धार्मिकता rule. |
| fiery trial | πύρωσις (pyrōsis) | दाहपरीक्षा | dāhaparīkṣā | High | अग्निपरीक्षा (REJECTED — the specific term for Sītā’s fire-ordeal in the Rāmāyaṇa, proving chastity/innocence; a different narrative framework entirely) | — |
| endurance | ὑπομένω (hypomenō) | सहनम् | sahanam | High | तितिक्षा (Bhagavad Gītā 12:13’s equanimity-through-detachment virtue) | Must be hope-grounded, Christ-imitating endurance, not Gītā-style disinterested equanimity. |
| Christ died once for sins, righteous for unrighteous | Χριστὸς ἅπαξ ἀπέθανεν περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | ख्रीष्टः सकृद् पापार्थं मृतः, धार्मिकः अधार्मिकाणां निमित्तम् | khrīṣṭaḥ sakṛd pāpārthaṃ mṛtaḥ, dhārmikaḥ adhārmikāṇāṃ nimittam | Critical | — | सकृद् (“once”) must be emphatically preserved against ritual-repeatability or avatāra-periodicity readings. |
| bore our sins in his body on the tree/cross | ἀνήνεγκεν … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | अस्मत्पापानि स्वशरीरे वहन्, क्रूशे | asmatpāpāni svaśarīre vahan, krūśe | Critical | यूपः (REJECTED — the Vedic sacrificial post/stake of paśu-yajña, importing repeatable ritual mechanics) | “Cross” transliterated क्रूशः, following the established Messiah/Abba transliteration precedent. |
| precious blood / unblemished lamb | τίμιον αἷμα, ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | अमूल्यं रक्तम्, निर्दोषः निष्कलङ्कः मेषशावकः | amūlyaṃ raktam, nirdoṣaḥ niṣkalaṅkaḥ meṣaśāvakaḥ | High | — | Inevitably resonates with Vedic paśu-yajña vocabulary; must be taught as unique, unrepeatable, substitutionary sacrifice. |
| redeemed / ransomed | λυτρόω (lytroō) | निष्क्रीतः | niṣkrītaḥ | High | मुक्तिः/मोक्षः (forbidden); विमोचनम् (shares √muc with mokṣa) | Commercial-ransom sense (√kraya, “to buy”) preserved; price paid by another, not Self-achieved release. |
| fervent love covers a multitude of sins | ἀγάπη ἐκτενής … καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | सान्द्रं प्रेम पापसमूहं आच्छादयति | sāndraṃ prema pāpasamūhaṃ ācchādayati | Medium | — | — |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | मूर्तिपूजा | mūrtipūjā | Critical | — | Lexically closest match, but names mainstream Hindu devotional practice; requires mandatory dialogical-framing note every occurrence, not merely a lexical substitution. |
B.3 — Church as Priesthood and People (Doctrine: “The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood”)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elect / chosen (adjective) | ἐκλεκτός (eklektos) | वरितः | varitaḥ | High | — | Parallels baseline’s “election” noun (परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्); not impersonal fate/daiva. |
| sojourners / exiles / dispersion | παρεπίδημος, πάροικος, διασπορά | प्रवासी | pravāsī | Medium | परिव्राजकः (REJECTED — the formal itinerant-renunciate status of saṃnyāsa) | — |
| living stone / cornerstone | λίθος ζῶν, λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος | जीवन् प्रस्तरः, मूलकोणशिला | jīvan prastaraḥ, mūlakoṇaśilā | Medium | — | — |
| holy priesthood / royal priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον, βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | पुरोहितत्वम्, राजकीयं पुरोहितत्वम् | purohitatvam, rājakīyaṃ purohitatvam | Critical | ब्राह्मण्यम्/ब्राह्मणत्वम् (REJECTED — hereditary Brahmin-varṇa status claim); याजकत्वम् (REJECTED — Mīmāṃsā vidhi-governed ritual-competence restriction) | Universal, non-hereditary office of every believer; direct tension with varṇa-restricted ritual access (cf. baseline “universal_scope_of_gospel”). Mandatory redefinition every occurrence. |
| chosen race / holy nation / people for possession | γένος ἐκλεκτόν, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | वरितः वंशः, पवित्रं राष्ट्रम्, सर्वेश्वरस्य निजप्रजा | varitaḥ vaṃśaḥ, pavitraṃ rāṣṭram, sarveśvarasya nijaprajā | High | जातिः (REJECTED — precise hereditary birth-group/sub-caste classification term) | — |
B.4 — Submission, Household, and Christlike Endurance (Doctrine: “Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance”)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | अधीनता / वशीभावः | adhīnatā / vaśībhāvaḥ | High | — | Voluntary, Christ-modeled submission “for the Lord’s sake,” never permanent caste/gender/status inferiority. |
| human master (household) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | स्वामी | svāmī | Medium | — | Deliberately distinct from प्रभुः, which is reserved exclusively for Christ’s Lordship. |
| household servant | οἰκέτης (oiketēs) | सेवकः | sevakaḥ | Low-Medium | — | — |
| conduct / way of life | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | आचरणम् | ācaraṇam | Medium | धर्माचरणम् (REJECTED — reframes holiness as varṇāśrama duty per baseline “obedience_of_faith” reasoning) | Load-bearing for “Holiness in Conduct.” |
| gentle and quiet spirit / inner disposition | πραέος καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος | मृदुशान्तस्वभावः | mṛduśāntasvabhāvaḥ | High | आत्मा (avoid — reserved compound / ātman-identity risk) | Use स्वभावः (“disposition”), never bare आत्मा, for this non-Trinitarian, non-metaphysical “spirit.” |
B.5 — Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison | πνεύματι πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν | बन्दिगृहस्थान् भूतान् प्रति घोषयति | bandigṛhasthān bhūtān prati ghoṣayati | Critical | प्रेतः (REJECTED — Hindu ancestor-spirit, ritual-dependent śrāddha/piṇḍa-dāna release framework) | “Spirits” rendered भूताः, deliberately not आत्मा (Holy Spirit collision) and not प्रेतः (ancestor-ritual collision). Mandatory theologian review; doctrine disputed among interpreters. |
| the ark | κιβωτός (kibōtos) | पोतः / नौका | potaḥ / naukā | Medium | — | Note the Matsya Purāṇa’s Manu-flood narrative parallel; ground explicitly as the historical Noah of Genesis, not conflated with it. |
| baptism | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | बाप्तिस्मः | bāptismaḥ | Critical | दीक्षा (REJECTED — guru-lineage ritual initiation conferring competence/authority, a structurally different concept) | Co-occurs with resurrection language in 3:21; independently Critical per baseline. |
| corresponding antitype | ἀντίτυπος (antitypos) | प्रतिरूपम् | pratirūpam | Medium | — | — |
| angels, authorities, powers | ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις | देवदूताः, अधिकारिणः, बलानि | devadūtāḥ, adhikāriṇaḥ, balāni | Medium | शक्तयः (avoid, per forbidden-substitution discipline) | देव in देवदूत is idiomatic (“heavenly messenger”), not a name for God. |
B.6 — Christological Titles: Shepherd
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shepherd / overseer | ποιμήν, ἐπίσκοπος | मेषपालकः, अध्यक्षः | meṣapālakaḥ, adhyakṣaḥ | Critical | गोपालकः (REJECTED — Kṛṣṇa’s central epithet Gopāla/Govinda throughout Bhāgavata Purāṇa bhakti literature); पशुपालकः (REJECTED — echoes पशुपति, Śiva’s major epithet as “Lord of creatures”) | मेष (sheep specifically) narrowly avoids both collisions while remaining faithful to the biblical flock imagery. |
| chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην (archipoimēn) | मुख्यमेषपालकः | mukhyameṣapālakaḥ | Critical | (same as above) | Christological title; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence. |
| flock | ποίμνιον (poimnion) | मेषव्रजः | meṣavrajaḥ | Low | — | — |
B.7 — Elders and Humility (Doctrine: “Elders and Humility”)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | प्राचीनः | prācīnaḥ | High | स्थविरः (REJECTED — Buddhist monastic elder-rank, source of the Sthaviravāda school-name); गुरुः (REJECTED, per baseline apostle-entry reasoning — guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage authority) | — |
| fellow elder | συμπρεσβύτερος | सहप्राचीनः | sahaprācīnaḥ | High | — | — |
| exercising oversight | ἐπισκοπέω (episkopeō) | अध्यक्षतां कुर्वन् | adhyakṣatāṃ kurvan | Medium | — | — |
| not domineering / not lording over | μηδ’ ὡς κατακυριεύοντες | प्रभुत्वं न कुर्वन्तः | prabhutvaṃ na kurvantaḥ | High | — | Deliberate wordplay on κύριος root: elders must not act as if possessing Christ’s own प्रभुः-status. |
| humility / humble yourselves | ταπεινοφροσύνη, ταπεινόω | विनम्रता, विनम्रीभवत | vinamratā, vinamrībhavata | Medium | दैन्यम् (avoid — connotes involuntary wretchedness) | Voluntary Christlike self-lowering, not enforced low social/caste status. |
| God opposes the proud, gives grace to the humble | (Proverbs 3:34 quotation) | सर्वेश्वरः गर्विष्ठान् प्रतिकूलं करोति, विनम्रान् अनुग्रहं दास्यति | sarveśvaraḥ garviṣṭhān pratikūlaṃ karoti, vinamrān anugrahaṃ dāsyati | High | — | Reuses अनुग्रहः exactly. |
B.8 — Closing Section Terms (Chapter 5)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the devil / adversary | διάβολος, ἀντίδικος | शैतानः | śaitānaḥ | Critical | पिशाचः, राक्षसः, असुरः (REJECTED — each a distinct, named Puranic/epic demon-class with its own mythological narrative, not the singular biblical Adversary) | Transliteration, following the Messiah/Abba precedent. |
| roaring lion (simile) | λέων ὠρυόμενος | सिंहः गर्जन् | siṃhaḥ garjan | Low | — | — |
| anxiety / cares | μέριμνα (merimna) | चिन्ता | cintā | Low | — | — |
| faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης | विश्वस्तः स्रष्टा | viśvastaḥ sraṣṭā | High | ब्रह्मा (REJECTED — Purāṇic trimūrti creator-deity proper name); प्रजापतिः (REJECTED — Vedic Brāhmaṇa creator-figure proper name) | Common-noun स्रष्टा keeps “Creator” a title of the one triune God, not a separate deity-function. |
| Christian (proper term) | Χριστιανός (Christianos) | ख्रीष्टीयः | khrīṣṭīyaḥ | Medium | — | Standard coinage on established ख्रीष्टः. |
Cross-Reference: Risk Tier Summary for New 1 Peter Terms
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms | Representative Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | born again, suffering (general), suffer for righteousness, Christ’s substitutionary death, bore sins on the cross, idolatry, holy/royal priesthood, proclamation to spirits, baptism, shepherd/chief Shepherd, the devil |
| High | 17 | living hope, soul, inheritance, trial, redeemed, precious blood/lamb, submission, chosen race/nation, elder, not domineering, faithful Creator, gentle/quiet spirit, resist firm in faith, etc. |
| Medium | 12 | sojourners, conduct, human master, humility, ark, exercising oversight, Christian, tested genuineness, etc. |
| Low | 6 | imperishable/undefiled/unfading, example/steps, anxiety, roaring lion (simile), flock, exhorting vocabulary |
All Critical and High risk new terms require the same human-theologian review routing already established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions; Medium risk terms route to a Sanskrit-philosophically-literate scholar; Low risk terms may proceed to automated review.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (including the mandatory-redefinition rule). Doubly load-bearing in 1 Peter: names both Christ’s own innocence in his substitutionary death (3:18, ‘the righteous for the unrighteous’) AND the believer’s suffering-inducing righteous conduct (3:14, ‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’) and the final salvation of ‘the righteous’ (4:18). Mandatory redefinition every occurrence, per baseline rule, since dharmikata cannot fully escape dharma’s Mimamsa/dharmasastra weight.
Salvation
Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL EXTENSION for 1 Peter: at 1:9 this term compounds with the new term ‘soul’ (जीवः) to form त्राणम् जीवानाम् (‘salvation of souls’) — a doubly Critical construction, since it stacks the forbidden-moksha-substitution rule with the forbidden-atman-substitution rule in a single phrase. Never मोक्षः/मुक्तिः/निर्वाणम्.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थानम्
Transliteration: punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: the ground of the ‘living hope’ (1:3) and, at 3:21, co-occurs with baptism language in a single verse — an independently Critical stacking requiring the mandatory Bhagavad Gita/Samkhya-Yoga contrast note at that occurrence specifically. Never पुनर्जन्म.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter (1:3,1:25,2:3,2:13,3:6,3:15) this title must be kept terminologically distinct from स्वामी, reserved exclusively for human masters (2:18); 5:3’s ‘not domineering’ (प्रभुत्वं न कुर्वन्तः) is a deliberate wordplay contrasting elders’ proper conduct with Christ’s exclusive प्रभुः-status.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 1 Peter.
God
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 1 Peter, including as object of blessing (1:3) and giver of grace (5:10). Never bare ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, or देवः.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, WITH AN IMPORTANT 1 PETER-SPECIFIC EXTENSION: this letter contains an unusually high concentration of non-Trinitarian ‘spirit’ uses (the human ‘gentle and quiet spirit’ of 3:4, Christ’s own risen mode of existence in 3:18, and the imprisoned ‘spirits’ of 3:19) that must NEVER use आत्मा under any circumstances, to keep this fixed compound sharply reserved for the Holy Spirit alone. See gentle_quiet_spirit, put_to_death_flesh_made_alive_spirit, and proclamation_to_spirits below.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 1:2,1:3,1:17, including the call to ‘conduct yourselves with fear’ during exile before this Father who judges impartially.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारणम्
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇam
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतारः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Frames 1 Peter’s ‘put to death in the flesh’ language (3:18) and Christ’s historical ‘manifesting… in these last times’ (1:20, see ‘manifested’ below). Never अवतारः; every occurrence requires the mandatory Bhagavad Gita 4.7-8 contrast note.
Born Again
Approved rendering: नवजन्म
Transliteration: navajanma
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, संजनन
Original: ἀναγεννάω (ἀναγεννήσας)
Category: Regeneration
God’s sovereign act of giving new spiritual birth into a living hope (1:3), and of the imperishable seed by which believers are born anew (1:23). नव (‘new’), never पुनः (‘again/repeated’): marks a single, unrepeatable divine act, never entry into an ongoing cycle of embodiment. NEVER पुनर्जन्म — the forbidden term naming the precise Samkhya-Yoga/Vedanta transmigration mechanism (karmasaya, linga-sarira). Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Suffering General
Approved rendering: पीडा
Transliteration: pīḍā
Doctrine: Theology of Suffering (General)
Rejected alternatives: दुःखम्, क्लेशः
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering
The book’s single most frequent load-bearing term-family (16+ occurrences across all five chapters: 1:11, 2:19-23, 3:14,17,18, 4:1,13,15,16,19, 5:1,9,10). NEVER दुःखम् — the foundational term of Samkhya-Yoga soteriology (Samkhya Karika 1’s ‘duhkhatrayabhighatat’; Yoga Sutra 2.15), naming the very existential condition moksha is sought to end. NEVER क्लेशः — Yoga Sutra 2.3’s five specifically enumerated ignorance-rooted afflictions resolved by yogic viveka, a distinct causal mechanism. पीडा is comparatively untheorized and functions descriptively without importing either apparatus. Flag first occurrence PER CHAPTER, not merely per document, given this term’s structural centrality to this specific letter.
Suffer For Righteousness Sake
Approved rendering: धार्मिकतार्थं पीडां सहते
Transliteration: dhārmikatārtham pīḍāṃ sahate
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχοιτε διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 3:14 (also 2:19-20, 3:17, 4:12-16). Compounds two Critical/High-risk terms (धार्मिकता, पीडा). Per the baseline’s mandatory redefinition rule for धार्मिकता, must be paired with the standing note distinguishing right standing/conduct before God from dharma-fulfilling ritual action that generates merit.
Christs Substitutionary Death
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टः सकृद् पापार्थं मृतः, धार्मिकः अधार्मिकाणां निमित्तम्
Transliteration: khrīṣṭaḥ sakṛd pāpārthaṃ mṛtaḥ, dhārmikaḥ adhārmikāṇāṃ nimittam
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ ἀπέθανεν περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:18. सकृद् (‘once, a single time’) must be preserved emphatically against any reading assimilating this to Mimamsa’s repeatable ritual vidhi or to avatara theory’s periodic, repeatable descent (Bhagavad Gita 4.7-8). Compounds baseline धार्मिकता and पापम् exactly.
Bore Sins On The Cross
Approved rendering: अस्मत्पापानि स्वशरीरे वहन्, क्रूशे
Transliteration: asmatpāpāni svaśarīre vahan, krūśe
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: यूपः
Original: τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christology
1 Peter 2:24, echoing Isaiah 53:4-5,12. ‘Tree/cross’ transliterated क्रूशः, following the established Messiah/Abba transliteration precedent, rather than यूपः (the Vedic sacrificial post to which the paseu-yajna offering-animal was bound), which would import repeatable, priest-performed ritual mechanics foreign to Christ’s unique, historical self-offering.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Former Life of Ignorance
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
1 Peter 4:3 (also 1:14, 1:18). Lexically closest and etymologically matching term (eidolon=murti, latreia=puja), but names mainstream, widely-practiced devotional image-worship across most contemporary Hindu traditions, unlike the biblical audience’s already-pejorative context. EVERY occurrence requires an explicit note that Peter’s condemnation targets worship of any created thing in place of or as God, framed with the care appropriate to this Language Package’s inter-religious dialogue audience — a pastoral-framing problem, not a lexical-substitution problem. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Holy Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: पुरोहितत्वम्, राजकीयं पुरोहितत्वम्
Transliteration: purohitatvam, rājakīyaṃ purohitatvam
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ब्राह्मण्यम्, ब्राह्मणत्वम्, याजकत्वम्
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον, βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:5, 2:9. Never ब्राह्मण्यम्/ब्राह्मणत्वम् (hereditary Brahmin-varna status, precisely the opposite of a universal, non-hereditary priesthood) or याजकत्वम् (Mimamsa vidhi-governed ritual-competence restriction). पुरोहित functions as an appointed-office term, not a caste-name, but MUST carry an explicit note at every occurrence: this is a universal, non-hereditary office of every believer, directly challenging varna-restricted ritual access.
Shepherd Overseer
Approved rendering: मेषपालकः, अध्यक्षः
Transliteration: meṣapālakaḥ, adhyakṣaḥ
Doctrine: Christ as Chief Shepherd, Elders as Under-Shepherds
Rejected alternatives: गोपालकः, पशुपालकः
Original: ποιμήν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 2:25. Never गोपालकः (Gopala/Govinda, one of Krishna’s central epithets throughout the Bhagavata Purana’s cowherd narratives) or पशुपालकः (echoes Pashupati, Shiva’s epithet as ‘Lord of creatures’ at sites like Pashupatinath). मेष (sheep specifically) narrowly avoids both named-deity-epithet collisions while preserving the biblical flock imagery. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: मुख्यमेषपालकः
Transliteration: mukhyameṣapālakaḥ
Doctrine: Christ as Chief Shepherd, Elders as Under-Shepherds
Rejected alternatives: गोपालकः, पशुपालकः
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
1 Peter 5:4. Same double-collision avoidance as shepherd_overseer. Christological title central to the named curriculum doctrine ‘Elders and Humility’; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence; any drift toward a synonym (e.g. substituting गोपालकः for elegance) would immediately reactivate both collisions.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टं प्रभुं हृदये पवित्रीकुरुत
Transliteration: khrīṣṭaṃ prabhuṃ hṛdaye pavitrīkuruta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἁγιάσατε τὸν Χριστὸν κύριον ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:15. Reuses baseline पवित्रीकरणम् root and प्रभुः exactly. Falls under the baseline’s mandatory escalation rule for any segment invoking Christ’s Lordship, even though the surrounding verse (giving a reasoned defense of hope) is otherwise only Medium risk.
Proclamation To Spirits
Approved rendering: बन्दिगृहस्थान् भूतान् प्रति घोषयति
Transliteration: bandigṛhasthān bhūtān prati ghoṣayati
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: प्रेतः, आत्मा
Original: πνεύματι πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 3:19. ‘Spirits’ rendered भूताः, deliberately NOT आत्मा (would draw on the reserved Holy Spirit compound and risk atman-Brahman identity reinforcement) and NOT प्रेतः (the Hindu ancestor-spirit awaiting release through shraddha/pinda-dana funerary ritual, a structurally different ritual-dependent framework). Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, given both the passage’s interpretive disputedness among commentators and the term-collision risk. Review this whole 3:18-22 pericope as a single unit.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बाप्तिस्मः
Transliteration: bāptismaḥ
Doctrine: Baptism as the Antitype of the Flood
Rejected alternatives: दीक्षा
Original: βάπτισμα, ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 3:21. Never दीक्षा — the classical term for formal ritual initiation into a guru-lineage or Vedic/Tantric practice, conferring ritual competence/authority through a qualified preceptor; a structurally different concept than baptism’s meaning here, which Peter himself defines negatively as not removal of bodily dirt. Co-occurs with resurrection language in the same verse, independently Critical.
Devil Adversary
Approved rendering: शैतानः
Transliteration: śaitānaḥ
Doctrine: Resistance to the Devil
Rejected alternatives: पिशाचः, राक्षसः, असुरः
Original: διάβολος, ἀντίδικος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
1 Peter 5:8. Never पिशाचः, राक्षसः, or असुरः — each names a distinct, named Puranic/epic demon-class with its own developed mythological narrative (rakshasas in epics such as the Ramayana; asuras as the cosmic god-opponents of Puranic deva-asura conflict narratives); none represents the singular, personal, fallen biblical Adversary. Transliteration follows the established Messiah/Abba precedent.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टः
Transliteration: khrīṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry for this Language Package extension, following the established form recorded in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s transliteration standards (Serampore precedent). Used as a name/title for Jesus throughout 1 Peter, distinct from the baseline’s transliterated ‘Messiah’ entry (मसीहः, used for Old Testament promise-fulfillment contexts) and from ‘jesus’ (यीशुः, the proper name). Must remain distinct from अवतारः (never used) and from any generic teacher/guru title.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraḥ
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: शुभवार्ता
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: the message once preached to believers, and to the dead (1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17). Must convey an authoritative historical proclamation of Christ’s saving work, not one teaching among the darsanas.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter this term recurs specifically in a SUFFERING context (1:10,1:13,3:7,4:10,5:5,5:10,5:12) rather than Romans’ merit-versus-faith context; the contrast to preserve is grace sustaining sufferers apart from karmaphala (automatic ritual/moral result) and apart from prasada’s offering-and-return structure.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: faith tested like gold refined by fire (1:5,1:7-9), the ground of firm resistance to the devil (5:9), and the object of Peter’s readers’ trust though they have not seen Christ (1:8, 1:21).
Called
Approved rendering: आहूतः
Transliteration: āhūtaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रितः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: called to holiness (1:15), a chosen people (2:9), called to bless rather than repay evil (2:21, 3:9), and called to eternal glory (5:10).
Calling
Approved rendering: आह्वानम्
Transliteration: āhvānam
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रणम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Its ordinary Vedic sense (human ritual invocation of a deity) must be flagged whenever it renders God’s own sovereign summons in 1 Peter, exactly as in Romans.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: ‘be holy in all your conduct’ (1:15-16), the priesthood as ‘holy’ (2:5), the ‘holy nation’ (2:9), and the inner holiness of 3:5. Avoid ritual-purity-only readings tied to pavitra’s Vedic soma-strainer root sense.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: the Spirit’s sanctifying work named at the letter’s opening (1:2) and the command to ‘sanctify Christ as Lord’ in one’s heart (3:15) — this second usage is a distinct new compound, see ‘sanctify_christ_as_lord’ below.
Sin
Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: borne by Christ on the cross (2:22,2:24,3:18), decisively broken from through suffering (4:1), and covered by fervent love (4:8). Christ’s unique bearing of sin is unrepeatable, not a dharmasastra ritual-penance (prayascitta) procedure.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Extremely frequent in 1 Peter (1:7,1:8,1:11,1:21,1:24,4:11,4:13-14,5:1,5:4,5:10) and forms the base of the new compound ‘crown of glory’ (5:4, see below). Never तेजस्.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्तिः
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 1:5, believers guarded by God’s power through faith unto salvation. Never शक्तिः. This forbidden-substitution discipline extends in 1 Peter even to grammatically plural, subordinate cosmic ‘powers’ (3:22, see ‘angels_authorities_powers’ below).
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya varaṇam
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies 1 Peter’s election/foreknowledge doctrine (1:1-2,1:20,2:9,5:10), now paired with the new adjectival term ‘elect_chosen’ (वरितः, below) used of believers as ‘elect exiles.‘
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vidhānam
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्, कर्मफलम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Supports 1 Peter’s ‘Faithful Creator’s Providence in Suffering’ doctrine (4:19,5:6-7) alongside the new term ‘faithful_creator’ (below). Never karmaphala or daiva/bhagya.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासस्य आज्ञापालनम्
Transliteration: viśvāsasya ājñāpālanam
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धर्माचरणम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained here specifically as a REFERENCE BOUNDARY: 1 Peter’s own occurrences of general obedience (‘obedient children’ 1:14, ‘obedience to the truth’ 1:22) are NOT this specific compound and must use the new, more general term ‘obedience_general’ (आज्ञापालनम् alone, below) instead.
Covenant
Approved rendering: संविद्
Transliteration: saṃvid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: वाचा, नियमः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies the Old Testament covenant-ratification background evoked by 1 Peter 1:2’s ‘sprinkling of the blood’ (Exodus 24; see ‘sprinkling_of_blood’ below), though 1 Peter does not use the covenant-word itself directly.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: जीवन्ती आशा
Transliteration: jīvantī āśā
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Regeneration
1 Peter 1:3. The vital, undecaying hope grounded in Christ’s resurrection, into which believers are born again. Its theological weight derives entirely from the resurrection referent that follows; must not be treated as a free-standing psychological state achievable independent of Christ’s historical resurrection.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: उत्तराधिकारः
Transliteration: uttarādhikāraḥ
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance of Salvation
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Regeneration
1 Peter 1:4. The dharmasastra legal term for partial, this-worldly inheritance shares; MUST be qualified with अक्षय्यः/अनश्वरः (‘imperishable, unfading’) and ‘kept in heaven’ at every occurrence to block a reading limited to partial-share inheritance law, paralleling the baseline’s dattaka-grahana adoption caution.
Soul
Approved rendering: जीवः
Transliteration: jīvaḥ
Doctrine: Salvation of Souls
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
1 Peter 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. आत्मा is FORBIDDEN here, being reserved exclusively for the पवित्र आत्मा compound; using it for ‘soul’ risks reinforcing the Advaitic atman-Brahman identity claim. जीवः names the individuated person/self and, while carrying some residual Vedantic weight (jivatman), is markedly less centrally loaded than bare आत्मा. Mandatory note distinguishing from both the Advaitic jivatman-Brahman identity claim and from the Holy Spirit compound.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: पूर्वज्ञानम् / पूर्वज्ञातः
Transliteration: pūrvajñānam / pūrvajñātaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Original: πρόγνωσις / προεγνωσμένος
Category: Election
1 Peter 1:2 (believers’ election) and 1:20 (Christ’s eternal appointment before creation). Must never be rendered with a term for impersonal fate.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: संकटम् / आपत्तिः
Transliteration: saṃkaṭam / āpattiḥ
Doctrine: Faith Tested and Proven Genuine
Rejected alternatives: दुःखम्, क्लेशः
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 1:6. External adversity/persecution that tests and proves genuine faith. Never दुःखम् (Samkhya Karika 1’s foundational suffering-category) or क्लेशः (Yoga Sutra 2.3’s five named afflictions). Mandatory note distinguishing from both frameworks at first occurrence.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: दाहपरीक्षा
Transliteration: dāhaparīkṣā
Doctrine: The Fiery Trial that Tests Faith
Rejected alternatives: अग्निपरीक्षा
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 4:12. Never अग्निपरीक्षा — the specific, extremely well-known term for Sita’s fire-ordeal in the Ramayana, proving chastity/innocence before a skeptical audience; a fundamentally different framework than Peter’s meaning (suffering that unites believers to Christ and proves faith already possessed). दाह substitutes for अग्नि specifically to avoid the exact Ramayana phrase while retaining the fire-image.
Endurance
Approved rendering: सहनम्
Transliteration: sahanam
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: तितिक्षा
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 2:19-20. Never तितिक्षा — the specific equanimity-through-detachment virtue of Bhagavad Gita 12:13; biblical endurance is hope-grounded imitation of Christ’s own historical suffering and vindication, not Gita-style disinterested equanimity toward the fruit of action.
Precious Blood Unblemished Lamb
Approved rendering: अमूल्यं रक्तम्, निर्दोषः निष्कलङ्कः मेषशावकः
Transliteration: amūlyaṃ raktam, nirdoṣaḥ niṣkalaṅkaḥ meṣaśāvakaḥ
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Blood
Original: τίμιον αἷμα, ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:19, drawing on Exodus 12 and Isaiah 53:7. Inevitably resonates with Vedic pashu-yajna (animal sacrifice) blood-vocabulary; every occurrence must be taught as a unique, unrepeatable, substitutionary sacrifice completed once, not a mechanically-efficacious ritual procedure governed by Mimamsa vidhi and repeatable by a qualified officiant.
Redeemed Ransomed
Approved rendering: निष्क्रीतः
Transliteration: niṣkrītaḥ
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिः, मोक्षः, विमोचनम्
Original: λυτρόω (ἐλυτρώθητε)
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:18. Bought back/ransomed from a futile inherited way of life, at the cost of Christ’s precious blood, not silver or gold. Never मुक्तिः/मोक्षः (Self-achieved liberation) nor विमोचनम् (shares the √muc root with moksha). Niskritah (from niskraya, the classical price-of-redemption term) preserves the commercial-ransom sense central to lytroo.
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: वरितः
Transliteration: varitaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Election
1 Peter 1:1 (also 2:9). ‘Elect exiles.’ Parallels the baseline’s ‘election’ noun entry (परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्); must not read as impersonal fate/daiva.
Chosen Race Holy Nation
Approved rendering: वरितः वंशः, पवित्रं राष्ट्रम्, सर्वेश्वरस्य निजप्रजा
Transliteration: varitaḥ vaṃśaḥ, pavitraṃ rāṣṭram, sarveśvarasya nijaprajā
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: जातिः
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:9, drawing on Exodus 19:5-6. NEVER जातिः for ‘race’ — the precise technical term for hereditary birth-group/sub-caste classification in the varna-jati social system; would recast the church’s identity in exactly the hereditary categories 1 Peter dissolves. वंश (spiritual, not biological, lineage) is preferred.
Submit Be Subject
Approved rendering: अधीनता / वशीभावः
Transliteration: adhīnatā / vaśībhāvaḥ
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
1 Peter 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5. Must be explicitly taught as freely chosen, Christlike submission ‘for the Lord’s sake’ (2:13), never an endorsement of an inherent hierarchical ranking of persons akin to varnashrama’s fixed social ordering; must not imply permanent caste/gender/status inferiority.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: मृदुशान्तस्वभावः
Transliteration: mṛduśāntasvabhāvaḥ
Doctrine: Household Relations
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा
Original: πραέος καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος
Category: Household
1 Peter 3:4. This ‘spirit’ names a personal temperament, not the Holy Spirit and not the metaphysical atman; must be rendered with स्वभावः (‘disposition/nature’), NEVER आत्मा, to avoid confusion with the reserved पवित्र आत्मा compound or atman-Brahman identity language.
Hidden Person Of Heart
Approved rendering: हृदयस्य गुप्तः पुरुषः
Transliteration: hṛdayasya guptaḥ puruṣaḥ
Doctrine: Household Relations
Original: ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος
Category: Household
1 Peter 3:4. पुरुष here names the individual person, not the Samkhya metaphysical purusha (pure consciousness distinct from prakriti); context should disambiguate, but translators should note the term’s philosophical secondary sense.
Desires Passions
Approved rendering: इच्छाः / तृष्णाः
Transliteration: icchāḥ / tṛṣṇāḥ
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: वासनाः
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 1:14. Never वासनाः — the precise Yoga/Vedanta technical term for latent karmic impressions/subliminal desire-traces carried across lives, a component of the transmigration mechanism forbidden for ‘resurrection’ and ‘born again.‘
Manifested
Approved rendering: प्रकटितः
Transliteration: prakaṭitaḥ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: आविर्भूतः, आविर्भावः
Original: φανερωθέντος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:20 (Christ’s historical appearing) and 5:4 (the chief Shepherd’s future appearing). Never आविर्भूतः/आविर्भावः — the term used in Vaishnava Puranic literature for an avatara’s manifestation/appearance; would assimilate Christ’s unique incarnation to the repeatable avatara pattern already Critical in the baseline.
Living Word Imperishable Seed
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरस्य जीवत् वचनम्, अक्षय्यं बीजम्
Transliteration: sarveśvarasya jīvat vacanam, akṣayyaṃ bījam
Doctrine: The Living Word and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: शब्दः, वाचा
Original: λόγος ζῶν θεοῦ, σπορὰ ἄφθαρτος
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 1:23, the generative, life-giving message of God, agent of the believer’s new birth. Use वचनम् (‘utterance/word’), NEVER शब्दः or वाचा — वाचा activates Vac theology and Mimamsa’s shabda-brahman doctrine of the eternal, uncreated sound-form of the Veda, a structurally opposite claim to a historically spoken, life-giving word from a personal God.
Put To Death Flesh Made Alive Spirit
Approved rendering: मांसतः मारितः, आत्मिकरूपेण सजीवीकृतः
Transliteration: māṃsataḥ māritaḥ, ātmikarūpeṇa sajīvīkṛtaḥ
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा (bare)
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:18. This unqualified ‘spirit’ (pneuma) must be disambiguated per occurrence: if the Holy Spirit’s agency, use the fixed पवित्र आत्मा compound with its mandatory personhood note; if Christ’s own risen mode of existence (the sense here), use आत्मिकरूपेण descriptively, NEVER bare आत्मा, to prevent any atman-identity suggestion.
Angels Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: देवदूताः, अधिकारिणः, बलानि
Transliteration: devadūtāḥ, adhikāriṇaḥ, balāni
Doctrine: Christ’s Cosmic Lordship over Angels, Authorities, and Powers
Rejected alternatives: शक्तयः
1 Peter 3:22. Maintains the forbidden-substitution discipline established for God’s power: never शक्तयः (Shakta hypostasized divine-feminine power), even for these subordinate cosmic entities, to preserve terminological consistency across the whole Language Package. देव in देवदूत is idiomatic (‘heavenly messenger’), not a name for God.
Elder
Approved rendering: प्राचीनः / सहप्राचीनः
Transliteration: prācīnaḥ / sahaprācīnaḥ
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: स्थविरः, गुरुः
Original: πρεσβύτερος, συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:1. Never स्थविरः — the specific Buddhist monastic term for a senior monk, source of the school-name Sthaviravada (proto-Theravada). Never गुरुः, per the baseline’s rejection for ‘apostle’ (guru-sisya-parampara lineage-transmission structure), since elders here hold a pastoral, not lineage-transmission, office. Comparatively thin/generic; requires a compositional gloss at first occurrence (shepherd imagery, accountability to the chief Shepherd, non-domineering humility) since no single noun supplies this office’s full content.
Not Domineering
Approved rendering: प्रभुत्वं न कुर्वन्तः
Transliteration: prabhutvaṃ na kurvantaḥ
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μηδ’ ὡς κατακυριεύοντες
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:3. Deliberate wordplay on the kyrios root: elders must not act as if possessing Christ’s own प्रभुः-status. This connection between प्रभुत्वम् (reserved for Christ) and elders’ improper self-exaltation must be preserved in translator notes.
God Opposes Proud Gives Grace
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः गर्विष्ठान् प्रतिकूलं करोति, विनम्रान् अनुग्रहं दास्यति
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ garviṣṭhān pratikūlaṃ karoti, vinamrān anugrahaṃ dāsyati
Doctrine: Grace Received Amid Suffering / Elders and Humility
Original: ὁ θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:5, quoting Proverbs 3:34. Reuses baseline अनुग्रहः exactly; must preserve the contrast with self-exaltation, analogous to grace-versus-merit contexts already flagged in the baseline.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: महिमामयः मुकुटः
Transliteration: mahimāmayaḥ mukuṭaḥ
Doctrine: Christ as Chief Shepherd, Elders as Under-Shepherds
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Original: τὸν τῆς δόξης στέφανον
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 5:4. Reuses baseline महिमा exactly; never तेजस् (the Samkhya/Puranic radiant-substance term behind Durga’s formation in the Devi Mahatmyam).
Resist Firm In Faith
Approved rendering: प्रतिरोधं कुरुत, विश्वासे स्थिराः
Transliteration: pratirodhaṃ kuruta, viśvāse sthirāḥ
Doctrine: Resistance to the Devil
Original: ἀντίστητε στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Spiritual Warfare
1 Peter 5:9. Reuses baseline विश्वासः exactly; compounds the Critical/High faith doctrine with the spiritual-warfare context.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: विश्वस्तः स्रष्टा
Transliteration: viśvastaḥ sraṣṭā
Doctrine: The Faithful Creator’s Providence in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
1 Peter 4:19. Never ब्रह्मा (the distinct creator-deity of the Puranic trimurti) or प्रजापतिः (the Vedic Brahmana creator-figure). स्रष्टा as a common noun keeps ‘Creator’ a title of the one triune God rather than a separate creator-deity.
Testifying True Grace
Approved rendering: सत्यम् अनुग्रहम् इति साक्षी भवति
Transliteration: satyam anugrahaṃ iti sākṣī bhavati
Doctrine: Grace Received Amid Suffering
Original: ἐπιμαρτυρῶν ταύτην εἶναι ἀληθῆ χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 5:12. Peter’s authorial certification of the letter’s doctrinal reliability as the true grace of God. Reuses baseline अनुग्रहः exactly.
Stewards Of Grace
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरस्य विविधानुग्रहस्य पालकाः
Transliteration: sarveśvarasya vividhānugrahasya pālakāḥ
Doctrine: Grace Received Amid Suffering
Original: οἰκονόμοι ποικίλης χάριτος θεοῦ
Category: Church
1 Peter 4:10. Every believer as an accountable administrator of grace-gifts received. Reuses baseline अनुग्रहः exactly.
Sharing Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टस्य पीडासु सहभागिता
Transliteration: khrīṣṭasya pīḍāsu sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Theology of Suffering (General)
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 4:13. Reuses baseline सहभागिता (‘fellowship’) exactly, compounded with पीडा. Suffering as union with Christ, not karmaphala.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: ‘Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ’ (1:1), grounding the letter’s authority. Never गुरुः (guru-sisya-parampara lineage-transmission structure) or ऋषिः (Vedic seer of eternal, uncreated mantra).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 3:11 (quoting Psalm 34) and the closing benediction 5:14.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिकं वरदानम्
Transliteration: ātmikaṃ varadānam
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदानम्, सिद्धिः
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 4:10, believers as stewards of God’s varied grace-gifts. Never सिद्धिः (Yoga Sutra 3’s eight yogic supernatural attainments, earned through disciplined practice).
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः
Original: ἐκκλησία (implicit; οἶκος πνευματικός)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter does not use ekklesia directly but implies the congregation through the ‘spiritual house’ built of living stones (2:5); this term should be used wherever the congregational sense is invoked in teaching material.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीयाः
Transliteration: anyajātīyāḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: म्लेच्छाः
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 2:12, non-believing nations observing believers’ conduct. Never म्लेच्छाः.
Hope General
Approved rendering: आशा
Transliteration: āśā
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
1 Peter 1:13, 1:21, 3:15. Standard, comparatively low-baggage Sanskrit term for hope/expectation generally; risk arises mainly in the compound ‘living_hope’ above.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: परीक्षितत्वम्
Transliteration: parīkṣitatvam
Doctrine: Faith Tested and Proven Genuine
Rejected alternatives: प्रामाण्यम्
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith
1 Peter 1:7, the metallurgical assaying metaphor (dokimion). Never प्रामाण्यम् (the Nyaya-Mimamsa technical term for the validity of a means of knowledge, an unrelated epistemological apparatus).
Fervent Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: सान्द्रं प्रेम पापसमूहं आच्छादयति
Transliteration: sāndraṃ prema pāpasamūhaṃ ācchādayati
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship among Believers
1 Peter 4:8. Descriptive statement of fervent love’s covering effect; no significant doctrinal collision beyond baseline sin-term usage.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: प्रवासी / प्रवासकालः
Transliteration: pravāsī / pravāsakālaḥ
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Chosen Sojourning People
Rejected alternatives: परिव्राजकः
Original: παρεπίδημος, πάροικος, διασπορά, παροικία
Category: Church
1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11. Never परिव्राजकः — the formal itinerant-renunciate status of the fourth ashrama (sannyasa); 1 Peter’s sojourner-identity is lived within ordinary life as a resident-alien, not a formal renunciation of it.
Living Stone Cornerstone
Approved rendering: जीवन् प्रस्तरः, मूलकोणशिला
Transliteration: jīvan prastaraḥ, mūlakoṇaśilā
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν, λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 2:4-8, drawing on Psalm 118, Isaiah 28:16. Descriptive architectural metaphor; should carry a note that Christ is the unique, once-laid foundation, not one stone among a repeatable series.
Human Master
Approved rendering: स्वामी
Transliteration: svāmī
Doctrine: Household Relations
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Household
1 Peter 2:18. Used deliberately for a HUMAN master and must be kept terminologically distinct from प्रभुः, reserved exclusively for Christ’s exclusive, supreme Lordship.
Conduct Way Of Life
Approved rendering: आचरणम्
Transliteration: ācaraṇam
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: धर्माचरणम्
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16. Never धर्माचरणम् — would reframe holy conduct as varnashrama duty-performance rather than conduct flowing from new birth-identity, per the baseline’s obedience_of_faith reasoning.
Obedience General
Approved rendering: आज्ञापालनम्
Transliteration: ājñāpālanam
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: धर्माचरणम्
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
1 Peter 1:14 (‘obedient children’), 1:22 (‘obedience to the truth’). Distinct from the baseline’s specific compound ‘obedience_of_faith’ (विश्वासस्य आज्ञापालनम्) — do not substitute one for the other. Never धर्माचरणम्.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: रक्तसेचनम्
Transliteration: raktasecanam
Doctrine: Sanctification by the Spirit
1 Peter 1:2, evoking the Sinai covenant-ratification/purification image (Exodus 24). Necessarily evokes Vedic yajna blood/soma-sprinkling ritual vocabulary to some degree; must be taught as a once-for-all covenant-sealing act tied to Christ’s unique sacrifice, not a repeatable ritual procedure.
Purified
Approved rendering: निर्मलीकृतः
Transliteration: nirmalīkṛtaḥ
Doctrine: Sanctification by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: ἡγνικότες (ἁγνίζω)
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 1:22. Purification of the inner life achieved through obedience to the truth, not ritual washing. Never शुद्धिः — the dharmasastra ritual-purification/prayascitta term already flagged under the baseline’s sin entry.
Ark
Approved rendering: पोतः / नौका
Transliteration: potaḥ / naukā
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: κιβωτός
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 3:20. Note the Puranic Matsya Purana’s own Manu-flood narrative in which Vishnu’s fish-avatara rescues Manu by boat; must be explicitly grounded as the specific historical Noah of Genesis, not conflated with or harmonized to the Manu-Matsya account, though the parallel may be raised as a legitimate comparative point given this Language Package’s dialogical audience.
Corresponding Antitype
Approved rendering: प्रतिरूपम्
Transliteration: pratirūpam
Doctrine: Baptism as the Antitype of the Flood
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 3:21. Descriptive typological term; low independent risk beyond the baptism doctrine it supports.
Witness Of Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टस्य पीडानां साक्षी
Transliteration: khrīṣṭasya pīḍānāṃ sākṣī
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μάρτυς τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθημάτων
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 5:1. साक्षी also names, in Samkhya-Yoga/Advaita epistemology, the passive ‘witness-consciousness’ (sakshitva) of purusha observing prakriti; context here clearly disambiguates as ordinary historical eyewitness testimony, but translators should remain alert to the secondary philosophical sense.
Exercising Oversight
Approved rendering: अध्यक्षतां कुर्वन्
Transliteration: adhyakṣatāṃ kurvan
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:2. Descriptive functional term for elders’ pastoral oversight; low independent doctrinal risk.
Humility
Approved rendering: विनम्रता / विनम्रीभवत
Transliteration: vinamratā / vinamrībhavata
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: दैन्यम्
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη, ταπεινόω
Category: Church
1 Peter 3:8, 5:5-6. Must be taught as voluntary, Christlike self-lowering freely chosen in imitation of Christ, not enforced acceptance of a permanently low social/caste status; avoid दैन्यम् (‘wretchedness,’ a more negative, involuntary connotation).
Christian
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टीयः
Transliteration: khrīṣṭīyaḥ
Doctrine: Suffering for the Name of Christ
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
1 Peter 4:16. Standard coinage on the established ख्रीष्टः transliteration; no independent doctrinal collision.
Babylon
Approved rendering: बाबिलोन्
Transliteration: bābilon
Doctrine: The Church as God’s People
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:13. Likely a coded reference to Rome. Proper name, transliterated; possible symbolic/political sensitivity analogous to the baseline’s caution regarding ‘Israel.‘
Reproached For Name Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टस्य नाम्ना निन्दितः / ख्रीष्टीयः इति पीडितः
Transliteration: khrīṣṭasya nāmnā ninditaḥ / khrīṣṭīyaḥ iti pīḍitaḥ
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ / πάσχει ὡς Χριστιανός
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 4:14, 4:16. Standard coinage on the established ख्रीष्टः transliteration; no independent doctrinal collision beyond the underlying suffering/Christian terms.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: सत्सङ्गः
Original: κοινωνία root
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 4:13, sharing/fellowship specifically in Christ’s sufferings (compounds with the new term पीडा — see ‘sharing_christs_sufferings’ below). Never सत्सङ्गः.
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ऋषिः
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter: 1:10, prophets who searched and inquired about the coming grace, moved by the Spirit of Christ. Never ऋषिः.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Supports 1 Peter 1:10-12’s account of prophets prophesying of the grace to come.
Imperishable Undefiled Unfading
Approved rendering: अक्षय्यम्, निर्मलम्, अम्लानम्
Transliteration: akṣayyam, nirmalam, amlānam
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance of Salvation
Original: ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος
Category: Regeneration
1 Peter 1:4, and reused at 5:4 for the ‘unfading crown of glory.’ Descriptive adjectives with no rival classical technical sense.
Household Servant
Approved rendering: सेवकाः
Transliteration: sevakāḥ
Doctrine: Household Relations
Original: οἰκέτης
Category: Household
1 Peter 2:18. Plain descriptive term; low independent doctrinal risk beyond the submission doctrine it serves.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: भ्रातृप्रेम / भ्रातृभावः
Transliteration: bhrātṛprema / bhrātṛbhāvaḥ
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship among Believers
Original: φιλαδελφία / ἀδελφότης
Category: Church
1 Peter 1:22, 2:17. Descriptive compound with no significant doctrinal collision.
Flock
Approved rendering: मेषव्रजः
Transliteration: meṣavrajaḥ
Doctrine: Christ as Chief Shepherd, Elders as Under-Shepherds
Original: ποίμνιον
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:2. Descriptive noun sharing the mesha root established for shepherd/chief-shepherd; no independent doctrinal risk.
Defense Reasoned Answer
Approved rendering: उत्तरम् / समाधानम्
Transliteration: uttaram / samādhānam
Doctrine: Giving a Reasoned Defense of Christian Hope
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Faith
1 Peter 3:15. समाधान also carries a technical Yoga/Nyaya sense (‘resolution of doubt/settling a question’), broadly compatible here and not disqualifying. Directly relevant to this Language Package’s inter-religious dialogue audience.
Roaring Lion
Approved rendering: सिंहः गर्जन्
Transliteration: siṃhaḥ garjan
Doctrine: Resistance to the Devil
1 Peter 5:8. Simile only; translators should explicitly bound it as simile so readers do not map it onto a specific named Puranic narrative (e.g. Narasimha).
Anxiety Cares
Approved rendering: चिन्ता
Transliteration: cintā
Doctrine: The Faithful Creator’s Providence in Suffering
Original: μέριμνα (ἐπιρίψαντες)
Category: Faith
1 Peter 5:7. Plain descriptive term with its verb of casting/entrusting (सर्वां चिन्तां तस्मिन् निक्षिप्य); no significant doctrinal collision.
Referenced passages