Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Timothy
Language Package Extension: English → Sanskrit
Curriculum: 1 Timothy | Core passage: 1 Timothy 3:1-13
Authority: This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the Romans baseline translation_memory.json. Section 1 lists baseline terms reused verbatim in this curriculum. Section 2 lists new terms introduced by 1 Timothy’s specific doctrinal content, organized by the curriculum’s eight doctrines. All risk tiers use the baseline’s four-tier definitions (Critical/High/Medium/Low; see doctrine_risk_registry.json).
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Verbatim (Sample of High-Frequency Recurrences in 1 Timothy)
| Term | Sanskrit | Risk | Chapters occurring | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुसमाचारः | High | 1, 2 | 1:11; reuse exact |
| grace | अनुग्रहः | High | 1, 6 | 1:2, 1:14, 6:21; distinct from new “mercy” term (कृपा) — see Section 2 |
| faith | विश्वासः | High | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | Pervasive throughout; anchors “mystery of the faith” (3:9), “deposit of the faith” (6:20) |
| law | विधिः | High | 1 | 1:8-9 |
| sin | पापम् | High | 1, 5 | 1:9, 1:15, 5:20, 5:24 |
| church | मण्डली | Medium | 3, 5 | 3:5, 3:15; combined with new terms for “household of God,” “pillar,” “foundation” |
| apostle | प्रेषितः | Medium | 1, 2 | 1:1, 2:7 |
| holy / sanctification | पवित्रम् / पवित्रीकरणम् | High | 4 | 4:5 |
| God | सर्वेश्वरः | Critical | 1-6 | Pervasive; basis for all new compounds (सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा, परमेश्वरस्य कुटुम्बम्, etc.) |
| Lord | प्रभुः | Critical | 1, 6 | 1:2, 1:12, 1:14, 6:3, 6:14-15 |
| Jesus / Christ | यीशुः / ख्रीष्टः | Critical | 1-6 | Pervasive |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 3, 4 | 3:16, 4:1 |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 1 | 1:2 |
| calling / called | आह्वानम् / आहूतः | High | 6 | 6:12 (“called to eternal life”) |
| election | परमेश्वरस्य वरणम् | High | 5 | 5:21 (“elect angels” — derivative use, see Section 2 note on “angel”) |
| Gentiles | अन्यजातीयाः | Medium | 2, 3 | 2:7, 3:16 |
| glory | महिमा | High | 1 | 1:11, 1:17 |
| prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | Low | 1, 4 | 1:18, 4:14 |
| spiritual gifts | आत्मिकं वरदानम् | Medium | 4 | 4:14 |
| David / Israel | दाविद् / इस्राएलः | Medium | — | Not directly named in 1 Timothy; retained for cross-reference consistency |
| exhort | उत्तेजनम् | Low | 4, 5, 6 | Pervasive pastoral-address verb |
| mission | सुसमाचारप्रचारः | Medium | 2 | Root shared with new terms for “preacher” (प्रचारकः) |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by 1 Timothy, Organized by Curriculum Doctrine
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer/bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | अध्यक्षः (adhyakṣaḥ) | High | 3:1-2; cf. Titus 1:7 | गुरुः, ऋत्विज्, पुरोहितः | Avoids guru-paramparā mystical-transmission model and Brahmin-caste-restricted ritual priesthood; adhyakṣa is an attested plain administrative-office term (Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra) fitting an examined, character-qualified role. |
| office of overseer | ἐπισκοπή | episkopē | अध्यक्षपदम् (adhyakṣapadam) | Medium | 3:1 | — | Derivative of ἐπίσκοπος. |
| elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | प्राचीनः (prācīnaḥ) | High | 5:1, 5:17, 5:19; cf. 4:14 | स्थविरः, वृद्धः | स्थविरः rejected: it is the Sanskrit basis of Sthaviravāda (Theravāda Buddhism’s own name for its “elder” tradition) — a direct collision with a named rival tradition. वृद्धः rejected: collapses office into mere biological age, obscuring 5:17-19’s institutional/disciplinary sense. |
| council of elders | πρεσβυτέριον | presbyterion | प्राचीनसभा (prācīnasabhā) | Medium | 4:14 | — | Derivative. |
| deacon | διάκονος | diakonos | परिचारकः (paricārakaḥ) | High | 3:8-13 | सेवकः | सेवकः rejected: सेवा/सेवक carries strong bhakti-devotional weight (guru-sevā, kṛṣṇa-sevā), reducing the office to informal personal devotion rather than a formally tested, ordained church role. |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα | mias gynaikos andra | एकपत्नीव्रतः (ekapatnīvrataḥ) | Medium | 3:2, 3:12 | — | Attested dharmaśāstra/epic virtue-title (applied to Rāma); must be anchored to the specific examinable qualification, not the Rāma-bhakti narrative context. |
| managing household well | καλῶς προϊστάμενον | kalōs proïstamenon | कुशलतया परिपालयन् (kuśalatayā paripālayan) | Medium | 3:4-5, 3:12 | — | Risk of resonance with formal gṛhastha-āśrama life-stage duty; must be taught as an examinable character-proof, not fulfillment of a formal āśrama status. |
| not a recent convert | μὴ νεόφυτον | mē neophyton | नवीनविश्वासी (navīnaviśvāsī) | Medium | 3:6 | नवदीक्षितः | नवदीक्षितः rejected: दीक्षा names a specific ritual-initiation event with mantra-transmission and guru-bond theology, inappropriate for “recent convert.” |
| tested/examined | δοκιμάζω | dokimazō | परीक्ष्यन्ते (parīkṣyante) | Medium | 3:10 | — | Institutional vetting precedes office; plain generic examination term. |
| self-controlled | σώφρων | sōphrōn | जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) | Medium | 3:2 | — | Bhagavad Gītā 2.61 sense-mastery ideal; must be a plain character trait here, not yogic attainment. |
| not violent | μὴ πλήκτην | mē plēktēn | अहिंसकः (ahiṃsakaḥ) | Medium | 3:3 | — | Ahiṃsā is a major cross-school ethical category (Yoga Sūtra yama, Jain vrata); here narrowly “not physically abusive,” not the comprehensive doctrine. |
| good standing/degree | βαθμὸν καλόν | bathmon kalon | उत्तमं पदम् (uttamaṃ padam) | Medium | 3:13 | — | Must be distinguished from karma-merit accumulation; recognized church-community reputation, not spiritual merit. |
| (supporting, Low risk, plain compounds) | ἀνεπίλημπτος, νηφάλιος, κόσμιος, φιλόξενος, διδακτικός, ἐπιεικής, ἄμαχος, ἀφιλάργυρος, σεμνός, δίλογος, αἰσχροκερδής, ἀνέγκλητος, παρρησία | — | अनिन्दनीयः, संयतः, सुशीलः, अतिथिसत्कारकः, उपदेशक्षमः, सौम्यः, शान्तिप्रियः, धनलोभरहितः, गम्भीरः, द्विवचनः, कुत्सितलाभेच्छुः, अनिन्दनीयः, निःशङ्कता | Low | 3:2-3, 3:8, 3:10-13 | — | Plain descriptive compounds with no significant classical-school collision; automated review sufficient. |
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| doctrine/teaching | διδασκαλία | didaskalia | उपदेशः (upadeśaḥ) | High | 1:10, 4:1, 4:6, 4:13, 4:16, 5:17, 6:1, 6:3 | शिक्षा | शिक्षा rejected: it is the proper name of one of the six Vedāṅgas (phonetics), a specific technical discipline. उपदेशः is standard but carries residual Advaita guru-upadeśa (experiential self-realization instruction) weight; requires explicit redefinition as apostolic doctrine transmitted by revelation, preserved in Scripture. |
| sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | स्वस्थ उपदेशः (svastha upadeśaḥ) | High | 1:10, 6:3 | — | Must be sharply distinguished from ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω below. |
| teach a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω | heterodidaskaleō | विपरीतोपदेशः (viparītopadeśaḥ) | High | 1:3, 6:3 | — | Names the specific error condemned throughout the letter. |
| doctrines of demons | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων | didaskaliai daimoniōn | पिशाचोपदेशाः (piśācopadeśāḥ) | Medium | 4:1 | राक्षस-based compounds | पिशाच chosen as nearer to “malevolent spirit” than rākṣasa (a narrative titan/ogre class); must be clarified as the generic biblical deceiving-spirits category, not the specific folk-taxonomic piśāca class. |
| myths | μῦθος | mythos | कल्पितकथा (kalpitakathā) | Medium | 1:4, 4:7 | पुराणम् | पुराणम् rejected absolutely: proper name of an entire canonical Hindu scriptural genre (18 Mahāpurāṇas); would wrongly imply Paul condemns Purāṇic literature by name. |
| knowledge falsely so-called | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | pseudōnymos gnōsis | विपरीतनामधेयं ज्ञानम् (viparītanāmadheyaṃ jñānam) | High | 6:20 | मिथ्याज्ञानम् | मिथ्याज्ञानम् rejected: collides directly with Advaita’s own technical term for ignorance/false-cognition (avidyā) causing illusory superimposition (adhyāsa). Must be flagged: targets a specific historical false teaching, not the Vedāntic jñāna-mārga tradition. |
| trustworthy is the saying | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | विश्वसनीयं वचनम् (viśvasanīyaṃ vacanam) | Medium | 1:15, 3:1, 4:9 | वाक्यम् | वाक्यम् rejected: Mīmāṃsā’s technical term for an interpreted Vedic-injunction sentence, carrying that school’s exegetical apparatus. |
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mediator (one mediator) | μεσίτης (εἷς μεσίτης) | mesitēs | मध्यस्थः / एकः मध्यस्थः (madhyasthaḥ / ekaḥ madhyasthaḥ) | Critical | 2:5 | — | Must always carry the numeral “एकः” to preserve exclusivity against the guru, iṣṭa-devatā, and avatāra’s each functioning as a mediating figure in Hindu devotional/philosophical traditions. Built on the baseline’s already-vetted मध्यस्थता (intercession) root. |
| ransom | ἀντίλυτρον | antilytron | प्रतिदानम् (pratidānam) | Critical | 2:6 | मुक्तिमूल्यम्, विमोचनमूल्यम् | Both rejected for sharing the √muc root with the absolutely-forbidden मोक्षः; प्रतिदानम् (prati- + dāna) conveys substitutionary exchange without that root. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | त्राता (trātā) | Critical | 1:1, 2:3, 4:10 | — | Built on the baseline’s vetted √trā root (त्राणम्), keeping “Savior” and “salvation” visibly linked in Sanskrit as in Greek, without मोक्ष-family associations. Flag for theologian review wherever applied to Christ specifically (deity-of-Christ-adjacent). |
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | epithesis tōn cheirōn | हस्तस्थापनम् (hastasthāpanam) | Medium | 4:14, 5:22 | — | Must be distinguished from generic ritual hand-gesture (mudrā) practice; a specific commissioning/ordination rite tied to church office. |
| angel | ἄγγελος | angelos | दूतः (dūtaḥ) | Low | 3:16, 5:21 | — | Plain “messenger” term; “elect angels” (5:21) reuses baseline election vocabulary (वृताः दूताः). |
| good confession | ὁμολογία (καλή) | homologia (kalē) | अङ्गीकारः (aṅgīkāraḥ) | Medium | 6:12-13 | — | Must cross-reference, not compete with, the baseline’s fixed यीशुः प्रभुः अस्ति (Romans 10:9) confession formula. |
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| household of God | οἶκος θεοῦ | oikos theou | परमेश्वरस्य कुटुम्बम् (parameśvarasya kuṭumbam) | Medium | 3:15 | गृहम् (bare) | गृहम् alone risks a literal-building reading; कुटुम्बम् reuses the baseline’s “adoption” root, foregrounding family/household-of-faith sense while still requiring the dharmaśāstra joint-family-inheritance caveat already flagged for “adoption.” |
| pillar | στῦλος | stylos | स्तम्भः (stambhaḥ) | Medium | 3:15 | — | Shares its root with the Atharva Veda’s cosmological Skambha (world-pillar); must be taught as an architectural-support metaphor for the church upholding revealed truth, not a cosmological world-ground concept. |
| foundation/bulwark | ἑδραίωμα | hedraiōma | आधारः (ādhāraḥ) | Medium | 3:15 | पीठम् | पीठम् rejected: also names a sacred shrine-seat (e.g. śakti-pīṭha). आधारः retained but flagged for its tantric mūlādhāra-cakra association; must be clarified as an architectural-support metaphor only. |
| mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | रहस्यम् (rahasyam) | High | 3:9, 3:16, 6:20 | — | Classical rahasya-genre texts and tantric ritual literature restrict such “secret” knowledge to qualified initiates (adhikāra); NT mystērion is structurally opposite — once-hidden, now openly and universally proclaimed. Mandatory contrastive note at every occurrence. |
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा (sarveśvaraniṣṭhā) | High | 2:2, 3:16, 4:7-8, 6:3, 6:5-6, 6:11 | भक्तिः, धार्मिकता | भक्तिः rejected on the same grounds already established in the baseline for “faith” — it names the entire bhakti-mārga soteriological path (Gītā chs. 9-12), not practical conduct-piety. धार्मिकता rejected as already reserved for righteousness/dikaiosynē. |
| contentment | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | संतोषः (santoṣaḥ) | High | 6:6 | — | Explicitly named as one of Patañjali’s five niyamas (YS 2.42), a self-cultivated discipline yielding yogic benefit; must be redefined every occurrence as trust in God’s provision, not yogic self-cultivated attainment. |
| training/discipline (for godliness) | γυμνάζω | gymnazō | अभ्यासं कुरु (abhyāsaṃ kuru) | High | 4:7 | — | अभ्यास is Yoga Sūtra 1.12’s technical term (paired with vairāgya) for meditative-discipline practice stilling citta-vṛtti; must be taught as ordinary devotional discipline, not that technical soteriological practice. |
| love of money / root of all evils | φιλαργυρία / ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν | philargyria / rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn | धनलोभः / सर्वदुष्टकर्मणां मूलम् (dhanalobhaḥ / sarvaduṣṭakarmaṇāṃ mūlam) | Medium | 6:10 | — | Plain compounds; low classical-school collision. |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | अनन्तं जीवनम् (anantaṃ jīvanam) | High | 1:16, 6:12, 6:19 | नित्यं जीवनम् | नित्य rejected in favor of अनन्त to reduce direct overlap with Vedānta’s nitya-anitya-vastu-viveka technical opposition; still requires the note that this is relational, resurrected, personal life with God, not liberation from an impersonal cycle nor absorption into an impersonal Absolute. |
| immortality | ἀθανασία | athanasia | अमरत्वम् (amaratvam) | High | 6:16 | — | अमर is the standard descriptor of the Purāṇic devas’ contingent, conferred deathlessness (via amṛta); must be flagged that God alone possesses immortality intrinsically and necessarily, not contingently. |
| King of kings, Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων, κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | basileus tōn basileuontōn, kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn | राजाधिराजः, प्रभूणां प्रभुः (rājādhirājaḥ, prabhūṇāṃ prabhuḥ) | Medium | 6:15 | — | राजाधिराज is an attested historical/Purāṇic royal-divine title; must retain unqualified exclusivity per the baseline’s प्रभुः-not-ईश्वरः safeguard. |
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| widow | χήρα | chēra | विधवा (vidhavā) | High | 5:3-16 | — | Dharmaśāstra tradition (esp. Manusmṛti) assigns widows a severely restricted status (remarriage prohibition/discouragement, ascetic conduct expectations, reduced inheritance/ritual standing); Paul’s framework (structured church support, 5:14’s explicit encouragement of younger widows to remarry) moves in a different direction and must be explicitly contrasted at every occurrence. |
| double honor | διπλῆ τιμή | diplē timē | द्विगुणं सम्मानम् (dviguṇaṃ sammānam) | Medium | 5:17 | — | Plain compound on established honor vocabulary. |
| slave/bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | दासः (dāsaḥ) | High | 6:1-2 | — | Ṛgvedic dāsa originally denoted outsider/enemy peoples before softening to “servant/slave,” and remains embedded in later varṇa-linked servitude structures; must be taught as referring specifically to the Greco-Roman household-slavery system Paul addresses pastorally, not the Vedic outsider-enemy or varṇa-servitude connotations. |
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
| Term | Greek | Translit. | Sanskrit | Risk | Primary passages | Rejected alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the deposit (entrusted teaching) | παραθήκη | parathēkē | विश्वासस्य न्यासः (viśvāsasya nyāsaḥ) | High | 6:20 | — | न्यास deliberately drawn from dharmaśāstra bailment-law (Manusmṛti, Yājñavalkya Smṛti vyavahāra sections): a deposited possession that must be preserved intact and returned unchanged — apt legal-obligation resonance, but must clarify the entrusted object is apostolic doctrine, not physical property. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | विवेकः (vivekaḥ) | Critical | 1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2 | अन्तःकरणम्, सद्सद्विवेकः, साक्षी | All rejected/unavailable-unloaded: अन्तःकरणम् is Sāṅkhya’s theorized inner-instrument psychology; विवेक itself is Advaita’s technical discriminative knowledge (nitya-anitya-vastu-viveka) that yields liberation; साक्षी is puruṣa/ātman’s technical witness-consciousness role. No unloaded option exists (a “righteousness”-class unavoidable collision); विवेकः retained as least-bad choice with mandatory redefinition at every occurrence as the God-given moral faculty of right/wrong awareness before a personal God. |
Section 3 — Terms Flagged for Escalated Review Routing (Extending doctrine_risk_registry.json)
| Term | Risk | Review routing | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|
| conscience (विवेकः) | Critical | Human theologian | Direct collision with Advaita’s central viveka-jñāna soteriology |
| mediator (मध्यस्थः / एकः मध्यस्थः) | Critical | Human theologian | Exclusivity claim vs. guru/iṣṭa-devatā/avatāra mediating-figure frameworks |
| ransom (प्रतिदानम्) | Critical | Human theologian | Atonement/substitution language; Romans 3:25-class review trigger |
| Savior (त्राता), applied to Christ | Critical | Human theologian | Deity-of-Christ-adjacent title |
| overseer (अध्यक्षः), elder (प्राचीनः), deacon (परिचारकः) | High | Human theologian | Institutional-office qualifications directly shape church polity teaching |
| godliness (सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा), contentment (संतोषः), training (अभ्यासं कुरु) | High | Human theologian | Direct terminological overlap with named Yoga Sūtra/Gītā technical categories |
| mystery (रहस्यम्), sound doctrine / false doctrine (स्वस्थ उपदेशः / विपरीतोपदेशः), knowledge falsely so-called (विपरीतनामधेयं ज्ञानम्) | High | Human theologian | Core to “Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching”; direct jñāna-mārga/adhikāra collision risk |
| widow (विधवा) | High | Human theologian | Direct collision with dharmaśāstra widow-restriction framework |
| deposit of faith (विश्वासस्य न्यासः) | High | Human theologian | Core to “Guarding the Deposit of Faith” doctrine |
| slave/bondservant (दासः) | High | Human theologian | Loaded Vedic/varṇa social history |
| pillar (स्तम्भः), foundation (आधारः), household of God (परमेश्वरस्य कुटुम्बम्) | Medium | Sanskrit-philosophically-literate scholar | Architectural/cosmological and tantric subtle-body resonance risks, lower stakes than Critical/High tier |
| laying on of hands (हस्तस्थापनम्), council of elders (प्राचीनसभा), good confession (अङ्गीकारः), King of kings/Lord of lords (राजाधिराजः / प्रभूणां प्रभुः) | Medium | Sanskrit-philosophically-literate scholar | Institutional/ritual-practice and titulature resonance requiring informed but not necessarily theologian-level review |
| Remaining Low-risk qualification adjectives (Section 2, Leadership table) | Low | Automated review | Plain descriptive compounds, minimal classical-school collision |
End of 08_core_glossary.md. This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 1 Step 2 without altering any Romans-baseline entry.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, including its mandatory redefinition at every occurrence given dharma’s unavoidable weight in Sanskrit. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:11 (‘pursue righteousness’), paired there with godliness (सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा, new term below) as a distinct, non-overlapping term — the two must not be conflated.
Salvation
Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, or निर्वाणम्. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:15, 2:4, 4:16. 2:4 pairs this root with the new σωτήρ/त्राता entry below; both must share the vetted √trā root and never a मोक्ष-family root.
God
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Basis for all new compounds in this curriculum (सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा, परमेश्वरस्य कुटुम्बम्, जीवत्सर्वेश्वरस्य मण्डली, etc.). Never देवः, भगवान्, ब्रह्मन्, or bare ईश्वरः.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2, 1:12, 1:14, 6:3, 6:14-15; 6:15 builds the new ‘King of kings, Lord of lords’ compound directly on this root.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pervasive throughout 1 Timothy.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:16 (Christ ‘vindicated by the Spirit’) and 4:1 (the Spirit’s explicit warning about false teaching). Every occurrence requires the mandatory Advaita ātman-Brahman distinct-personhood note.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारणम्
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇam
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतारः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never अवतारः; mandatory Bhagavad Gītā 4.7-8 contrastive note at every occurrence. Directly relevant to 1 Timothy 3:16’s Christ-hymn (‘manifested in the flesh’), embedded within the new ‘mystery of godliness’ compound below.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थः / एकः मध्यस्थः
Transliteration: madhyasthaḥ / ekaḥ madhyasthaḥ
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Built on the same मध्य-स्थ root already used in the Romans baseline for ‘intercession’ (मध्यस्थता). The single greatest danger is not the word but its exclusivity claim: Greek εἷς μεσίτης must always be rendered with the explicit numeral, एकः मध्यस्थः, never bare मध्यस्थः, because Hindu devotional and philosophical traditions offer multiple functional mediating figures — the guru (mediating liberating knowledge), the chosen deity/iṣṭa-devatā (mediating devotional access to the divine), and in some avatāra theology the avatāra itself as mediating descent. This exclusivity claim must never be softened toward ‘a mediator’ among several. Locked phrase-unit; treat एकः as grammatically non-omissible. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:5.
Ransom
Approved rendering: प्रतिदानम्
Transliteration: pratidānam
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिमूल्यम्, विमोचनमूल्यम्
Both rejected alternatives share the √muc root with the absolutely-forbidden मोक्षः; even a compound merely sharing that root risks reader association with liberation-payment theology. प्रतिदानम् (prati- ‘in exchange’ + dāna ‘gift/giving’) conveys substitutionary exchange without touching the मोक्ष root family. Must be taught as a specific, historical, substitutionary death for sin, triggering the same mandatory human-theologian review as Romans 3:25’s atonement/propitiation language. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:6.
Savior
Approved rendering: त्राता
Transliteration: trātā
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Deliberately derived from the already-vetted rescue-root (√trā, ‘to protect/rescue’) rather than any मोक्ष/मुक्ति-family root, so that ‘Savior’ and ‘salvation’ remain visibly, doctrinally linked in Sanskrit exactly as in Greek (σωτήρ/σωτηρία), without importing liberation-from-saṃsāra metaphysics. Applied to God (1:1, 2:3, 4:10); carries deity-of-Christ-adjacent stakes and must be flagged for mandatory theologian review wherever applied to Christ specifically.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठारहस्यम्
Transliteration: sarveśvaraniṣṭhārahasyam
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Compound of निष्ठा and रहस्यम्; inherits both component risks and additionally introduces Christ-hymn material (3:16b) requiring the baseline’s Incarnation, Deity of Christ, and Resurrection safeguards (देहधारणम्, never अवतारः; पुनरुत्थानम्-adjacent vindication language). Every occurrence must trigger the same mandatory human-theologian review as those baseline entries. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:16.
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेकः
Transliteration: vivekaḥ
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: अन्तःकरणम्, सद्सद्विवेकः, साक्षी
No unloaded Sanskrit term exists — a ‘righteousness’-class unavoidable collision. अन्तःकरणम् is Sāṅkhya’s theorized tripartite/quadripartite inner instrument (manas-buddhi-ahaṅkāra-citta); विवेक itself is Advaita Vedānta’s technical discriminative knowledge (nitya-anitya-vastu-viveka) that is the very mechanism of liberation through realizing ātman’s distinctness from prakṛti; साक्षी names puruṣa/ātman’s technical witness-consciousness role. विवेकः retained as least-bad option but requires MANDATORY redefinition at EVERY occurrence (1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2), not merely first use — escalated to the same Critical-tier treatment the baseline gives ‘Holy Spirit’ — as the God-given moral faculty of right/wrong awareness before a personal God, not the metaphysical discriminative knowledge that yields liberation.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraḥ
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: शुभवार्ता
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:11 (‘the glorious gospel of the blessed God’). Must convey an authoritative announcement, not one teaching-text among the darśanas.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2, 1:14, 6:21. Must be kept visibly distinct from this curriculum’s new ‘mercy’ entry (कृपा), which the baseline had already freed up by rejecting it here; the two must never collapse into one term in the 1:2 greeting triad χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pervasive throughout 1 Timothy; anchors the compounds ‘mystery of the faith’ (3:9, विश्वासस्य रहस्यम्) and ‘deposit of the faith’ (6:20, विश्वासस्य न्यासः). Never श्रद्धा or भक्तिः.
Called
Approved rendering: आहूतः
Transliteration: āhūtaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रितः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 6:12 (‘the eternal life to which you were called’) ties this directly to the new ζωὴ αἰώνιος / अनन्तं जीवनम् entry below.
Calling
Approved rendering: आह्वानम्
Transliteration: āhvānam
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रणम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. No independent 1 Timothy occurrence beyond the आहूतः-family usage at 6:12.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya varaṇam
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 5:21 (‘elect angels’), a derivative application to angelic beings; flag so readers do not import the human-election doctrine wholesale onto angels.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:5 (food ‘sanctified’ by God’s word and prayer); must not be read as Vedic ritual-purity mechanics (kuśa-grass pavitra) applied to food consecration.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Verbal-form basis for 1 Timothy 4:5’s ἁγιάζεται.
Law
Approved rendering: विधिः
Transliteration: vidhiḥ
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, धर्मशास्त्रम्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:8-9 (the Law’s proper lawful use versus misuse).
Sin
Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:9, 1:15, 5:20, 5:24.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:11, 1:17.
Overseer
Approved rendering: अध्यक्षः
Transliteration: adhyakṣaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋत्विज्, पुरोहितः
अध्यक्षः is the plain classical administrative-superintendent term (cf. Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra departmental adhyakṣas), chosen to name an examined, delegated office rather than a mystically transmitted rank. गुरुः rejected: guru-śiṣya-paramparā mystical-transmission model (cf. baseline’s ‘apostle’ rejection of the same term). ऋत्विज्/पुरोहितः rejected: Brahmin-caste-restricted Vedic/domestic sacrificial-priest titles, which would wrongly restrict this office by varṇa. Must be taught, every occurrence, as an examined office (3:1-7) open on Paul’s stated character terms. Primary passage: 1 Timothy 3:1-2; cf. Titus 1:7.
Elder
Approved rendering: प्राचीनः
Transliteration: prācīnaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: स्थविरः, वृद्धः
स्थविरः rejected: the Sanskrit basis of Sthaviravāda, the Sanskrit name for the Theravāda school of Buddhism’s own ‘elder’ monastic tradition — a direct collision with a named rival tradition’s institutional vocabulary. वृद्धः rejected: collapses the disciplinable office (5:17-19) into mere biological old age. प्राचीनः retained as least-bad option; must carry an explicit note distinguishing the office sense (5:17ff.) from the respectful-address sense (5:1) at each occurrence. Primary passages: 1 Timothy 5:1, 5:17, 5:19; cf. 4:14.
Deacon
Approved rendering: परिचारकः
Transliteration: paricārakaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: सेवकः
सेवकः rejected: सेवा/सेवक carries strong bhakti-devotional weight (guru-sevā, kṛṣṇa-sevā, personal devotional service within the bhakti-mārga), which would reduce this to informal personal devotion rather than a formally tested, ordained church office. परिचारकः retained as comparatively institution-neutral, though it can also denote a ritual temple attendant; this residual risk is lower than सेवक’s bhakti-mārga weight and must be clarified as a distinct, examined church office. Primary passages: 1 Timothy 3:8-13.
Doctrine
Approved rendering: उपदेशः
Transliteration: upadeśaḥ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: शिक्षा
शिक्षा rejected: the proper name of one of the six Vedāṅgas (phonetics), a specific technical discipline. उपदेशः is standard but carries residual Advaita guru-upadeśa (experiential self-realization instruction) weight; requires explicit redefinition at every occurrence as apostolic doctrine transmitted by revelation and preserved in Scripture, not guru-realized truth. Pervasive: 1:10, 4:1, 4:6, 4:13, 4:16, 5:17, 6:1, 6:3.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: स्वस्थ उपदेशः
Transliteration: svastha upadeśaḥ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Must be sharply distinguished from विपरीतोपदेशः. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:10, 6:3.
Teach Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: विपरीतोपदेशः
Transliteration: viparītopadeśaḥ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Names the specific error condemned throughout the letter. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:3, 6:3.
Knowledge Falsely So Called
Approved rendering: विपरीतनामधेयं ज्ञानम्
Transliteration: viparītanāmadheyaṃ jñānam
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: मिथ्याज्ञानम्
ज्ञानम् is the central term of the jñāna-mārga, the Bhagavad Gītā’s path of liberating self-knowledge (Gītā chs. 9-12). मिथ्याज्ञानम् rejected: collides even more directly with Advaita Vedānta’s own technical term for the ignorance/false-cognition (avidyā) causing illusory superimposition (adhyāsa). विपरीतनामधेयम् preserves the Greek pseudōnymos structure while leaving ज्ञान unqualified by a competing Advaita modifier. Must carry a note that Paul targets a specific, historically situated false teaching, not the Vedāntic jñāna-mārga tradition as such. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:20.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: त्राणं प्राप्स्यति (context-dependent)
Transliteration: trāṇaṃ prāpsyati
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Reuses the baseline त्राणम्-family verb. Risk is primarily exegetical-fidelity, not Sanskrit-collision: must flag for mandatory human theologian review with a translator note documenting the range of standard interpretive options rather than silently choosing one. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:15.
Mystery
Approved rendering: रहस्यम्
Transliteration: rahasyam
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
रहस्य in classical Sanskrit usage (Upaniṣadic ‘rahasya’-genre texts, tantric ritual literature) typically denotes esoteric knowledge whose transmission is restricted to qualified initiates (adhikāra-based access). NT μυστήριον is the structural opposite: a truth once hidden but now openly and universally proclaimed. Every occurrence requires an explicit contrastive note. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:9 (‘mystery of the faith’), 3:16 (‘mystery of godliness’), 6:20 (contextually related).
Godliness
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा
Transliteration: sarveśvaraniṣṭhā
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: भक्तिः, धार्मिकता
भक्तिः rejected on the same grounds already established in the baseline for ‘faith’ — it names the entire bhakti-mārga soteriological path (Gītā chs. 9-12), not practical conduct-piety. धार्मिकता rejected as already reserved for righteousness/dikaiosynē. निष्ठा was chosen because, while used generically across schools (jñāna-niṣṭhā, karma-niṣṭhā), it does not itself name a whole soteriological path the way bhakti does. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:2, 3:16, 4:7-8, 6:3, 6:5-6, 6:11.
Contentment
Approved rendering: संतोषः
Transliteration: santoṣaḥ
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Explicitly named as one of the five niyamas in Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtra (2.42: ‘santoṣād anuttamaḥ sukhalābhaḥ,’ contentment yields supreme happiness) — a self-cultivated discipline yielding a yogic benefit through one’s own practice. Must carry a mandatory redefinition at every occurrence: biblical contentment (6:6-8) is trust in God’s provision and freedom from the love of money, not a self-disciplined yogic attainment. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:6.
Train For Godliness
Approved rendering: अभ्यासं कुरु
Transliteration: abhyāsaṃ kuru
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
अभ्यास is the Yoga Sūtra’s own technical term (paired with vairāgya, YS 1.12) for the sustained practice that stills the mind’s fluctuations (citta-vṛtti-nirodha). Must be taught here as ordinary devotional-practical discipline toward Christlike godly living, explicitly distinguished from the Yoga Sūtra’s technical meditative-discipline soteriology. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:7.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्तं जीवनम्
Transliteration: anantaṃ jīvanam
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: नित्यं जीवनम्
नित्य rejected in favor of अनन्त to reduce direct overlap with Vedānta’s nitya-anitya-vastu-viveka technical opposition (the eternal Self/Brahman versus the impermanent phenomenal world). Must still be taught, every occurrence, as relational, resurrected, personal life with God — not liberation from an impersonal cycle of rebirth, nor absorption into an impersonal eternal Absolute. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:16, 6:12, 6:19.
Immortality
Approved rendering: अमरत्वम्
Transliteration: amaratvam
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
अमर is the standard descriptor of the Purāṇic devas — a whole class of beings called ‘the immortals’ whose deathlessness is nonetheless a conferred, contingent status (traditionally attributed to drinking amṛta, the nectar of immortality) and, in some cosmological schemes, itself subject to eventual dissolution at the end of a kalpa. Must carry an explicit note: unlike the devas’ contingent, conferred amaratva, God alone possesses immortality necessarily and intrinsically. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:16.
Widow
Approved rendering: विधवा
Transliteration: vidhavā
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Classical dharmaśāstra tradition (esp. Manusmṛti) assigns widows a severely restricted social-ritual status: prohibition or strong discouragement of remarriage, expectations of lifelong ascetic conduct, and reduced inheritance/ritual standing. 1 Timothy 5 moves in the opposite direction on key points (5:14 explicitly encourages younger widows to remarry) while establishing structured communal financial support (5:3-10, 5:16) as a household-of-faith obligation. Every occurrence requires an explicit note distinguishing Paul’s church-care/remarriage framework from the dharmaśāstra widow-restriction framework — a recurring, not merely first-occurrence, note. Occurs 1 Timothy 5:3-16.
Slave Bondservant
Approved rendering: दासः
Transliteration: dāsaḥ
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
दास carries deep historical loading in Sanskrit: in Vedic literature (Ṛgveda) dāsa originally denoted outsider/enemy peoples of the Āryas before softening to mean ‘servant/slave,’ and it remains embedded within later varṇa-linked servitude structures. Must be explicitly taught, at every occurrence (not merely the first), as referring to the specific Greco-Roman household-slavery structure Paul addresses pastorally within an existing social system, not as invoking the Vedic outsider-enemy connotation or the varṇa-based servitude hierarchy of dharmaśāstra literature. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:1-2.
Deposit Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासस्य न्यासः
Transliteration: viśvāsasya nyāsaḥ
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
न्यास is deliberately drawn from dharmaśāstra legal literature (Manusmṛti, Yājñavalkya Smṛti’s vyavahāra sections), where it names a formal legal category of bailment — property deposited with another for safekeeping, which must be preserved intact and returned unchanged. This gives ‘guard the deposit’ genuine legal-obligation weight in Sanskrit’s own idiom, while requiring the explicit clarification that what is entrusted is apostolic doctrine — the content of the faith — not physical property. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:20.
Mercy
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Mercy Toward the Guilty
Introduced by the letter’s expanded greeting triad χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη (1:2), distinct from the Romans-style two-term greeting. The baseline explicitly rejected कृपा as a rendering for χάρις specifically to preserve अनुग्रहः’s distinct sense; this frees कृपा to render the genuinely distinct concept of ἔλεος (compassion toward the guilty/miserable) without contradicting the baseline. The distinction — grace as unmerited favor (अनुग्रहः) versus mercy as compassion toward the wretched (कृपा) — must be explicitly preserved in 1:2, 1:13, 1:16, and must together resist a karmaphala reading in which Paul’s prior blasphemy/persecution would predict automatic negative consequence rather than sovereign, unearned compassion.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:1, 2:7 (Paul as apostle and teacher of the Gentiles).
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:5, 3:15, combined here with the new ‘household of God,’ ‘pillar,’ and ‘foundation’ entries below.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीयाः
Transliteration: anyajātīyāḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: म्लेच्छाः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:7, 3:16.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिकं वरदानम्
Transliteration: ātmikaṃ varadānam
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदानम्, सिद्धिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:14, conferred there with the new ‘laying on of hands’ rite (हस्तस्थापनम्, below).
Mission
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारप्रचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraprachāraḥ
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Shares its root with the new ‘preacher’ entry (प्रचारकः) at 1 Timothy 2:7.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2 as the third term of the letter’s expanded greeting triad (grace, mercy, peace). Must not collapse into the yogic citta-vṛtti-nirodha reading already flagged in the baseline.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:1. This root (मध्य-स्थ) is deliberately reused, with the added numeral एकः, to build the new ‘mediator’ entry below (2:5); the distinction between believers’ ongoing intercession and Christ’s unique mediatorship must be kept clear in usage.
Office Of Overseer
Approved rendering: अध्यक्षपदम्
Transliteration: adhyakṣapadam
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Derivative of अध्यक्षः; names the office/function distinct from the office-holder. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:1.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: प्राचीनसभा
Transliteration: prācīnasabhā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Derivative of प्राचीनः; the corporate body that laid hands on Timothy. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:14.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: एकपत्नीव्रतः
Transliteration: ekapatnīvrataḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Attested dharmaśāstra/epic virtue-title (applied to Rāma in the Rāmāyaṇa tradition as an ideal of marital exclusivity). Must be anchored to the specific, examinable leadership qualification Paul names, not to the Rāma-bhakti narrative context from which the epithet is historically drawn. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2, 3:12.
Manage Household
Approved rendering: कुशलतया परिपालयन्
Transliteration: kuśalatayā paripālayan
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Domestic-management vocabulary risks resonance with the formal gṛhastha-āśrama (householder life-stage) ideal of the varṇāśrama system. Must be taught as an examinable character-proof, not fulfillment of a formal life-stage duty. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:4-5, 3:12.
Recent Convert
Approved rendering: नवीनविश्वासी
Transliteration: navīnaviśvāsī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: नवदीक्षितः
नवदीक्षितः rejected: दीक्षा names a specific ritual-initiation event (Vedic sacrificial dīkṣā; tantric/Vaiṣṇava guru-dīkṣā) with its own mantra-transmission and guru-bond theology, inappropriate for ‘recent convert.’ नवीनविश्वासी, built on विश्वासः, avoids that collision. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:6.
Tested Examined
Approved rendering: परीक्ष्यन्ते
Transliteration: parīkṣyante
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Formal vetting preceding office; परीक्षा is a generic examination term without dominant single-school lock, undercutting any claim to automatic or inherited authority. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:10.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: जितेन्द्रियः
Transliteration: jitendriyaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
A recurring Bhagavad Gītā ideal (2.61’s praise of one whose senses are mastered) tied to a broader yogic sense-mastery soteriology. Must be taught here as a plain observable character trait for office, not evidence of yogic self-mastery attainment. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2.
Not Violent
Approved rendering: अहिंसकः
Transliteration: ahiṃsakaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
अहिंसा is a major cross-school ethical-technical category (Yoga Sūtra yama; core Jain vrata). Here it functions narrowly as ‘not physically abusive,’ a specific leadership disqualifier, and must not be taught as invoking the comprehensive ahiṃsā ethic as a doctrine in itself. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:3.
Good Standing
Approved rendering: उत्तमं पदम्
Transliteration: uttamaṃ padam
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Must be explicitly distinguished from a karma-merit framework: recognized reputation within the church community, not spiritual merit accumulating toward liberation. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:13.
Women Leadership Ambiguity
Approved rendering: स्त्रियः
Transliteration: striyaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
1 Timothy 3:11 is textually debated: either deacons’ wives or women deacons/deaconesses. Rendering must not silently commit to one exegetical position; a mandatory translator note flagging this ambiguity for human-theologian review accompanies every occurrence.
Devils Condemnation
Approved rendering: शैतानस्य दण्डः
Transliteration: śaitānasya daṇḍaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Must not be read as an impersonal karmic penalty (दण्ड is also a dharmaśāstra legal-punishment term) but as a personal spiritual judgment tied to a personal adversary. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:6.
Devils Snare
Approved rendering: शैतानस्य पाशः
Transliteration: śaitānasya pāśaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
A personal adversary’s active scheme, not fate; same personhood caution as शैतानस्य दण्डः. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:7.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: पिशाचोपदेशाः
Transliteration: piśācopadeśāḥ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: राक्षस-मूलक समासाः
पिशाच names a specific class of malevolent spirit in classical/folk Hindu cosmology (often tied to impurity and cremation grounds); must be clarified as the generic biblical category of deceiving spirits, not that specific folk-taxonomic class. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:1.
Myths
Approved rendering: कल्पितकथा
Transliteration: kalpitakathā
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: पुराणम्
पुराणम् rejected absolutely: proper name of an entire canonical Hindu scriptural genre (the eighteen Mahāpurāṇas); rendering ‘myth’ as purāṇa would wrongly imply Paul condemns Purāṇic literature by name. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:4, 4:7.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: विश्वसनीयं वचनम्
Transliteration: viśvasanīyaṃ vacanam
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: वाक्यम्
वाक्यम् rejected: Mīmāṃsā’s technical term for an interpreted Vedic-injunction sentence, carrying that school’s exegetical apparatus. वचनम् avoids this. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:15, 3:1, 4:9.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: हस्तस्थापनम्
Transliteration: hastasthāpanam
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Must be distinguished from generic Hindu ritual hand-gestures (mudrā) or magical-empowerment/energy-transfer acts (contra tantric śaktipāta); a specific commissioning/ordination rite recognizing an already-given gift, tied to recognized church office. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:14, 5:22 (with the caution ‘lay hands on no one hastily’).
Good Confession
Approved rendering: अङ्गीकारः
Transliteration: aṅgīkāraḥ
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Must be kept visibly distinct from, yet theologically continuous with, the fixed यीशुः प्रभुः अस्ति confession formula mandated verbatim in the baseline for Romans 10:9; any occurrence should cross-reference that fixed formula rather than introduce a competing phrase. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:12-13.
Preacher
Approved rendering: प्रचारकः
Transliteration: pracārakaḥ
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Shares its root with सुसमाचारप्रचारः. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:7.
Teacher Of Gentiles
Approved rendering: उपदेशकः
Transliteration: upadeśakaḥ
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Derivative of उपदेशः. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:7.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य कुटुम्बम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya kuṭumbam
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: गृहम्
गृहम् rejected: risks a literal-building reading. Deliberately reuses the कुटुम्ब root already established in the baseline’s ‘adoption’ entry. Must be distinguished both from a literal temple/shrine and from the dharmaśāstra joint-family (kuṭumba) structure’s formal inheritance-share rules, exactly as flagged for ‘adoption.’ Occurs 1 Timothy 3:15.
Church Of Living God
Approved rendering: जीवत्सर्वेश्वरस्य मण्डली
Transliteration: jīvatsarveśvarasya maṇḍalī
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Primarily reuse of established मण्डली + सर्वेश्वरः. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:15.
Pillar
Approved rendering: स्तम्भः
Transliteration: stambhaḥ
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Shares its root with the Atharva Veda’s cosmological Skambha (world-pillar/world-support, Skambha Sūkta, AV 10.7-8). Must be explicitly taught as an architectural-supportive metaphor for the church’s role in upholding revealed, historically given truth, not a cosmological world-pillar or impersonal metaphysical ground of being. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:15.
Foundation
Approved rendering: आधारः
Transliteration: ādhāraḥ
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: पीठम्
पीठम् rejected: also names a sacred shrine-seat (e.g. śakti-pīṭha). आधारः retained but flagged for its tantric mūlādhāra-cakra association (base subtle-body energy center); must be clarified as an architectural-support metaphor only. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:15.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: धनलोभः
Transliteration: dhanalobhaḥ
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Plain compound. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:10; ties to the ‘not greedy for money’ qualification vocabulary of chapter 3.
Root Of All Evils
Approved rendering: सर्वदुष्टकर्मणां मूलम्
Transliteration: sarvaduṣṭakarmaṇāṃ mūlam
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Plain compound. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:10.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजाधिराजः / प्रभूणां प्रभुः
Transliteration: rājādhirājaḥ / prabhūṇāṃ prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
राजाधिराज is an attested historical royal title (used by various Indian monarchs and, in some Purāṇic contexts, applied to deities); must retain unqualified exclusivity — ‘the only true King/Lord,’ not merely the greatest among many royal or divine claimants — consistent with the baseline’s प्रभुः-not-ईश्वरः exclusivity safeguard for Lordship of Christ, here applied to the Father. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:15.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: द्विगुणं सम्मानम्
Transliteration: dviguṇaṃ sammānam
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Plain compound on established honor vocabulary. Occurs 1 Timothy 5:17.
Widow Support Arrangement
Approved rendering: विधवापोषणव्यवस्था
Transliteration: vidhavāpoṣaṇavyavasthā
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
New descriptive coinage recommended in analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md: dāna/dakṣiṇā vocabulary names episodic ritual gift-giving, not a standing enrolled-support system as described in 5:3-16. Add to translation memory at first Phase 2 occurrence rather than leaving the support-system concept implicit within कुटुम्बम्/विधवा alone.
Satan
Approved rendering: शैतानः
Transliteration: śaitānaḥ
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Transliterated proper name following the same precedent as मसीहः. Must not be conflated with generic ‘evil spirit’ categories (cf. the 4:1 doctrines-of-demons vocabulary) — Satan is a specific personal figure, not a class of spirit. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:20, 5:15.
Blasphemer
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरनिन्दकः
Transliteration: parameśvaranindakaḥ
Doctrine: Mercy Toward the Guilty
Plain compound built on established परमेश्वर + निन्दा. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:13, 1:20.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:18, 4:14 (ordination context).
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजनम्
Transliteration: uttejanam
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pervasive pastoral-address verb throughout 1 Timothy 4-6.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवादः
Transliteration: dhanyavādaḥ
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:1 as the fourth item in Paul’s list (‘petitions, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings’).
Timothy
Approved rendering: तीमथियः
Transliteration: tīmathiyaḥ
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Personal Testimony
New proper name for this curriculum, transliterated following the Serampore Sanskrit New Testament convention already applied to Paul (पौलः) and other proper names in the baseline’s transliteration table. The letter’s addressee throughout.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: अनिन्दनीयः
Transliteration: anindanīyaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound from निन्दा (censure). Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2, 3:10.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: संयतः
Transliteration: saṃyataḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain generic term. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2, 3:11.
Respectable
Approved rendering: सुशीलः
Transliteration: suśīlaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: अतिथिसत्कारकः
Transliteration: atithisatkārakaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Guest-hospitality (atithi-satkāra) is itself an honored dharmaśāstra household virtue, usable without collision since no soteriological claim is attached here. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2.
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: उपदेशक्षमः
Transliteration: upadeśakṣamaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Derivative of उपदेशः (doctrine, below). Occurs 1 Timothy 3:2.
Gentle Temperament
Approved rendering: सौम्यः
Transliteration: saumyaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:3.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: शान्तिप्रियः
Transliteration: śāntipriyaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Built on the baseline’s शान्तिः root. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:3.
Not Greedy For Money
Approved rendering: धनलोभरहितः
Transliteration: dhanalobharahitaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound; ties to the new love_of_money entry (ch. 6). Occurs 1 Timothy 3:3.
Dignified Deacon
Approved rendering: गम्भीरः
Transliteration: gambhīraḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:8, 3:11.
Not Double Tongued
Approved rendering: द्विवचनः
Transliteration: dvivacanaḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:8.
Not Greedy For Gain
Approved rendering: कुत्सितलाभेच्छुः
Transliteration: kutsitalābhecchuḥ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Plain compound, especially relevant to deacons handling charitable funds. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:8.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: निःशङ्कता
Transliteration: niḥśaṅkatā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Confidence rooted in Christ, not self-achieved fearlessness. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:13.
Not Slanderous Woman
Approved rendering: निन्दाकारिणी न
Transliteration: nindākāriṇī na
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Feminine form of the δίλογος-adjacent integrity-of-speech requirement. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:11.
Faithful In All Things Feminine
Approved rendering: सर्वत्र विश्वासनीया
Transliteration: sarvatra viśvāsanīyā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Feminine form built on विश्वासः. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:11.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: आदर्शः
Transliteration: ādarśaḥ
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Timothy’s exemplary conduct as a model for others. Occurs 1 Timothy 4:12.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: वंशावली
Transliteration: vaṃśāvalī
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Shares its root with the baseline’s ‘seed of David’ (दाविदः वंशात्); plain descriptive term with no genealogy-of-Christ implication in this negative context. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:4.
Angel
Approved rendering: दूतः
Transliteration: dūtaḥ
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Plain ‘messenger’ word. Occurs 1 Timothy 3:16 (‘seen by angels’), 5:21 (‘elect angels’ — see the election entry’s derivative-application caution).
Adam
Approved rendering: आदम्
Transliteration: ādam
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Transliterated proper name following Serampore-tradition precedent for OT proper names. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:13-14.
Eve
Approved rendering: हव्वा
Transliteration: havvā
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Transliterated proper name. Occurs 1 Timothy 2:13-14.
Financial Gain
Approved rendering: धनलाभः
Transliteration: dhanalābhaḥ
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Plain term for πορισμός, distinct from φιλαργυρία (love of money); false teachers’ corrupt motive of treating godliness as a profit-making enterprise. Cross-reference: built-in warning against the merit-for-gain distortion already flagged for grace (अनुग्रहः) versus karmaphala in the baseline. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:5.
Rich In Good Works
Approved rendering: सत्कर्मभिः धनवान्
Transliteration: satkarmabhiḥ dhanavān
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Right use of wealth: generosity, not accumulation. Occurs 1 Timothy 6:18.
Referenced passages