Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter (English → Sanskrit)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json for the 2 Peter curriculum. Terms already fixed in the baseline are marked [REUSED] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there — no substitution permitted. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW], with their risk tier assigned using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework defined in doctrine_risk_registry.json. All renderings are in Devanagari with IAST transliteration.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Package
| English Term | Sanskrit (Devanagari) | Transliteration | Risk | 2 Peter Occurrences | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | सर्वेश्वरः | sarveśvaraḥ | Critical | 1:1, 1:2, 1:17, 1:21, 2:4, 3:5, 3:12, etc. | [REUSED] |
| Lord | प्रभुः | prabhuḥ | Critical | throughout (“our Lord Jesus Christ,” “Day of the Lord”) | [REUSED] |
| Father | पिता | pitā | Critical | 1:17 | [REUSED] |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | pavitra ātmā | Critical | 1:21 | [REUSED] |
| Jesus | यीशुः | yīśuḥ | Critical | throughout | [REUSED] |
| Son of God (“my Son”) | परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः / मम पुत्रः (in direct speech) | parameśvarasya putraḥ / mama putraḥ | Critical | 1:17 | [REUSED, adapted to 1st person] |
| Faith | विश्वासः | viśvāsaḥ | High | 1:1, 1:5 | [REUSED] |
| Grace | अनुग्रहः | anugrahaḥ | High | 1:2, 3:18 | [REUSED] |
| Peace | शान्तिः | śāntiḥ | Medium | 1:2 | [REUSED] |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | dhārmikatā | Critical | 1:1, 2:5, 2:21 | [REUSED] |
| Glory | महिमा | mahimā | High | 1:3, 1:17, 3:18 | [REUSED] |
| Power of God | परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम् / सामर्थ्यम् | parameśvarasya sāmarthyam / sāmarthyam | High | 1:3, 1:16 | [REUSED] |
| Salvation | त्राणम् | trāṇam | Critical | (implicit throughout; 3:15 explicit “salvation”) | [REUSED] |
| Apostle | प्रेषितः | preṣitaḥ | Medium | 1:1, 3:2 | [REUSED] |
| Called / Calling | आहूतः / आह्वानम् | āhūtaḥ / āhvānam | High | 1:3, 1:10 | [REUSED] |
| Election | परमेश्वरस्य वरणम् | parameśvarasya varaṇam | High | 1:10 | [REUSED] |
| Holy | पवित्रम् | pavitram | High | 1:18, 1:21, 3:11 | [REUSED] |
| Sanctification / holy conduct | पवित्रीकरणम् | pavitrīkaraṇam | High | 3:11 | [REUSED] |
| Prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyadvaktā | Low | 1:19–21, 2:16, 3:2 | [REUSED] |
| Prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | bhaviṣyavāṇī | Low | 1:19–21, 3:2 | [REUSED] |
| Providence | परमेश्वरस्य विधानम् | parameśvarasya vidhānam | High | 3:9 (contextual) | [REUSED] |
| Sin | पापम् | pāpam | High | 1:9, 2:14 | [REUSED] |
| Kingdom of God/the Lord | प्रभोः राज्यम् (adapted) | prabhoḥ rājyam | Medium | 1:11 | [REUSED, adapted genitive] |
| Christ | ख्रीष्टः | khrīṣṭaḥ | Critical | throughout | [REUSED, per Serampore transliteration table] |
| Paul (proper name) | पौलः | paulaḥ | Low | 3:15 | [REUSED] |
B. New Terms Introduced by 2 Peter
Critical Risk (mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence)
| English Term | Greek | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christ’s Return / Parousia | παρουσία (parousia) | पुनरागमनम् | punarāgamanam | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | अवतारागमनम् (avatāra-coming) | Structurally parallels the awaited Kalki avatāra (the tenth and final, still-future daśāvatāra). Must always be taught as the personal reappearing of the same, already-incarnate, already-risen Christ — not a new descent nor part of a repeatable/cyclical divine-appearance pattern. |
| Partakers of Divine Nature | θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί (theias physeōs koinōnoi) | दिव्यस्वभावस्य सहभागिनः | divyasvabhāvasya sahabhāginaḥ | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | अंशभागिनः (portion-sharers, avatāra-adjacent), ब्रह्मैक्यम् (identity with Brahman) | Must be distinguished from (1) Advaita’s ātman-Brahman identity, (2) Vaiṣṇava sādharmya-mukti (liberated souls acquiring God-like qualities while remaining ontologically distinct), and (3) any generic deification. This is moral/relational participation in God’s holiness by grace, not ontological merger. |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | त्राता | trātā | Salvation; Deity of Christ | मोक्षदातृ, मुक्तिदातृ (giver of liberation) | Shares root √trā with त्राणम् (“salvation”), deliberately preserving the Greek sōtēr/sōtēria pairing. Occurs 5 times in this short letter (“our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ”) — consistency mandatory across all five occurrences. |
| The Flood | κατακλυσμός (kataklysmos) | जलप्लावनम् | jalaplāvanam | Day of the Lord / Final Judgment (typology) | प्रलयः (FORBIDDEN) | प्रलय names the periodic mahāpralaya, the cyclical cosmic dissolution ending each kalpa in Purāṇic cosmology. Using it for Noah’s historical flood would reinforce a false cyclical reading of the flood-to-fire judgment typology in 2 Peter 3. Treat with the same absolute-forbidden status as मोक्ष/मुक्ति for “salvation.” |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου (hēmera Kyriou) | प्रभोः दिनम् | prabhoḥ dinam | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | महाप्रलयः (as an equivalence, FORBIDDEN framing) | Must always be explicitly distinguished from mahāpralaya: this is a linear, final, moral judgment followed by a permanent new creation — not a recurring phase of an endless sṭṣṭi-sthiti-pralaya cycle governed impersonally by cosmic time. |
| False Freedom (promised by false teachers) | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | स्वतन्त्रता | svatantratā | False Teachers and Their Judgment | मुक्तिः, मोक्षः (FORBIDDEN) | Directly juxtaposed in the same verse (2:19) with “slaves of corruption”; using the moksha-family root here would either compromise its reservation for true “salvation” or make the false teachers’ counterfeit promise sound like an authentic soteriological offer. |
| Deceit / Deception | ἀπάτη (apatē) | वञ्चना | vañcanā | False Teachers and Their Judgment | माया (FORBIDDEN) | माया is Advaita Vedānta’s central technical term for the illusory, veiling nature of the phenomenal world relative to Brahman. Using it for the false teachers’ moral trickery would import that metaphysical doctrine into a straightforwardly ethical charge of fraud — a collision comparable in severity to the ātman/Holy Spirit risk already flagged in the baseline. |
| Full/True Knowledge (of God/Christ) | ἐπίγνωσις (epignōsis) | परिज्ञानम् | parijñānam | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture; Divine Nature | — | ज्ञान is the term naming jñāna-mārga, the Bhagavad Gītā’s path in which knowledge itself constitutes or effects liberation (Self-realization of ātman=Brahman). 2 Peter’s repeated emphasis on “knowledge of God/Christ” as central to salvation and growth makes this collision unusually persistent through the whole letter, not a single-verse risk. Mandatory redefinition every occurrence: relational, personal knowledge of a specific historical Lord, received by faith — not self-realization. |
High Risk (human theologian review required)
| English Term | Greek | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | ज्ञानम् | jñānam | Growing in Christian Virtue | — | Same jñāna-mārga family risk as ἐπίγνωσις above, slightly lower since used as one item in the virtue-chain (1:5–7) rather than as the letter’s thesis term. |
| Divine (adj., of God’s power/nature) | θεῖος (theios) | दिव्यः | divyaḥ | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | दैविकः (too close to दैवम्, “fate,” already rejected under baseline “providence”), देव-rooted coinages (parallel to baseline’s rejection of देवः for “God”) | Used in “divine power” (1:3) and “divine nature” (1:4). |
| Virtue / Excellence | ἀρετή (aretē) | सद्गुणः | sadguṇaḥ | Growing in Christian Virtue | — | Unavoidable collision, structurally like धार्मिकता: गुण is Sāṃkhya’s technical term for the three constituent qualities of prakṛti (sattva-rajas-tamas). Mandatory explicit redefinition at every occurrence, per the same policy already applied to righteousness in the baseline. |
| Godliness / Piety | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा | sarveśvaraniṣṭhā | Growing in Christian Virtue | भक्तिः (already excluded for “faith” in baseline as naming the entire bhakti-mārga) | Built on सर्वेश्वर (baseline “God”) rather than भक्ति. |
| Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | प्रेम | prema | Growing in Christian Virtue | स्नेहः (too weak/familial) | प्रेम is the specific culminating term of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava bhakti-rasa theology (śraddhā→bhāva→prema). Must be redefined as God’s self-giving covenantal love, not the devotee’s ecstatic emotional culmination-state. |
| Evil Desire / Lust | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | दुरभिलाषा | durabhilāṣā | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | कामः (a legitimate puruṣārtha), तृष्णा (the Buddhist Second Noble Truth term), वासना (Sāṃkhya-Yoga/Vedānta karmic-impression term, already implicitly excluded by baseline’s resurrection entry) | Least philosophically-encumbered available option. |
| Eternal | αἰώνιος (aiōnios) | नित्यम् | nityam | Certainty of Christ’s Return (eternal kingdom) | सनातनम् (rejected) | सनातन is the adjective in सनातनधर्मः, the traditional Hindu self-designation for its own religion; using it for “the eternal kingdom of our Lord” risks an unintended claim of continuity with “Sanātana Dharma.” |
| Master / Sovereign Owner | δεσπότης (despotēs) | अधिपतिः | adhipatiḥ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | स्वामी (already rejected for κύριος in baseline; also a common Hindu monastic-teacher honorific) | Distinct from प्रभुः (κύριος); emphasizes ownership/redemptive purchase. |
| Bought / Redeemed | ἀγοράζω (agorazō) | क्रीतः | krītaḥ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | — | Must be clarified as Christ’s atoning sacrifice, a unique redemptive purchase — not a karmic transaction or prasāda-style ritual exchange. |
| False Teacher / False Prophet | ψευδοδιδάσκαλος / ψευδοπροφήτης | मिथ्याशिक्षकः / मिथ्याभविष्यद्वक्ता | mithyāśikṣakaḥ / mithyābhaviṣyadvaktā | False Teachers and Their Judgment | मिथ्याचार्यः (would carry unwanted polemic against the revered ācārya lineage-founder role) | — |
| Destructive Heresy / Sect | αἵρεσις (hairesis) | विनाशकर-मिथ्यामतम् | vināśakara-mithyāmatam | False Teachers and Their Judgment | पाषण्डः (historical Brahminical polemical term for nāstika groups; wrong external-orthodoxy framework) | — |
| Angel | ἄγγελος (angelos) | स्वर्गदूतः | svargadūtaḥ | False Teachers and Their Judgment (fallen angels) | देवः (already barred for “God”; would imply angels are worship-worthy devas) | Created, ministerial, never-to-be-worshipped beings — unlike devas. |
| Cast into Tartarus / Confined | ταρταρόω (tartaroō) | अन्धकारबन्धनम् | andhakārabandhanam | False Teachers and Their Judgment | नरकः (imports the Purāṇic catalog of temporary, rebirth-bound hells) | Descriptive phrase avoiding नरक’s cyclical-punishment associations. |
| Judgment / Condemnation | κρίσις / κρίμα | विचारः / दण्डः | vicāraḥ / daṇḍaḥ | False Teachers and Their Judgment; Day of the Lord | न्यायः (proper name of the Nyāya darśana, already excluded in baseline’s “righteousness” entry) | विचार for the process of judging; दण्ड for the resulting punishment/sentence. |
| The Way of Righteousness | ὁδὸς τῆς δικαιοσύνης | धार्मिकतामार्गः | dhārmikatāmārgaḥ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | — | मार्ग names the plural soteriological “paths” (jñāna-, bhakti-, karma-mārga) of classical thought; must be taught as the singular path through faith, not one of several equally valid options. |
| Voice (heavenly) | φωνή (phōnē) | ध्वनिः | dhvaniḥ | Certainty of Christ’s Return; Inspiration of Scripture | वाणी, वाच्, शब्दः (would trigger Vāc-cosmology / Mīmāṃsā’s śabda-brahman doctrine, extending the baseline’s existing caution under “covenant”) | — |
| Word of God (creative) | λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | परमेश्वरस्य वचनम् | parameśvarasya vacanam | Inspiration/Reliability of Scripture; Creation | वाच् (Vāc-cosmology) | God’s spoken decree at a point in time, not an eternal uncreated cosmic sound-principle. |
| Morning Star | φωσφόρος (phōsphoros) | प्रभातज्योतिः | prabhātajyotiḥ | Certainty of Christ’s Return | शुक्रः (rejected) | शुक्र is the standard Sanskrit name for the planet Venus and for the Purāṇic figure Śukrācārya, with extensive Jyotiṣa associations — would badly misdirect. |
| ”Myth” / Fabricated Tale | μῦθος (mythos) | कल्पितकथा | kalpitakathā | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | पुराणम्, इतिहासम् (canonical Hindu sacred-narrative genre names) | The contrast Peter draws (eyewitness history vs. invented tale) would collapse if rendered with a term evoking these genres. |
| Creation | κτίσις (ktisis) | सृष्टिः | sṛṣṭiḥ | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | — | Standard term, but must be anchored to a singular, purposive, historically-bounded act — not the endlessly cyclical sṭṣṭi-sthiti-pralaya of Purāṇic cosmology. |
| Elements / Heavenly Bodies | στοιχεῖα (stoicheia) | महाभूतानि | mahābhūtāni | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | — | Sāṃkhya’s technical pañca-mahābhūta category; must be anchored to final, one-time dissolution, not cyclical re-absorption into prakṛti. |
| Dissolve / Destroy (cosmic) | λύω (lyō) | विघटनम् / विनाशः | vighaṭanam / vināśaḥ | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | लयः (Yoga/Vedānta technical term for dissolution into the Absolute, near-synonym of pralaya) | — |
Medium Risk (native-speaker / Sanskrit-scholar review recommended)
| English Term | Greek | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corruption | φθορά (phthora) | विनाशः | vināśaḥ | Distinguish from Sāṃkhya-Yoga’s guṇa-bondage/kaivalya framework. |
| Self-Control | ἐγκράτεια (enkrateia) | दमः | damaḥ | संयम (Yoga Sūtra 3.4’s technical samādhi-yielding practice) rejected. |
| Steadfastness / Endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | धृतिः | dhṛtiḥ | Low-to-medium; incidental root proximity to dhāraṇā. |
| Brotherly Affection | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | भ्रातृप्रेम | bhrātṛprema | Low risk generally; grouped here for completeness of the virtue-chain. |
| Promise | ἐπαγγελία (epangelia) | प्रतिज्ञा | pratijñā | Positive strategic borrowing from Nyāya’s syllogistic “thesis-statement” term. |
| Cleansing (from sin) | καθαρισμός (katharismos) | पापक्षालनम् | pāpakṣālanam | शुद्धिः rejected (dharmaśāstra ritual-purification term, per baseline’s sanctification entry). |
| Eyewitness | ἐπόπτης (epoptēs) | प्रत्यक्षद्रष्टा | pratyakṣadraṣṭā | Strategic borrowing of Nyāya’s pratyakṣa (direct-perception pramāṇa); must not be confused with yogic/ṛṣi mystical perception. |
| Majesty | μεγαλειότης (megaleiotēs) | गौरवम् | gauravam | Kept distinct from महिमा (δόξα) and तेजस् (rejected in baseline). |
| The Majestic Glory (divine title) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα | महनीया महिमा | mahanīyā mahimā | Personal reference to the Father, not an impersonal glory-substance. |
| Beloved | ἀγαπητός (agapētos) | प्रियः | priyaḥ | वल्लभः rejected (Kṛṣṇa-bhakti devotional title). |
| Well-Pleased | εὐδοκέω (eudokeō) | प्रसन्नः | prasannaḥ | Shares root with rejected प्रसादः; keep strictly predicative, non-ritual. |
| Lamp | λύχνος (lychnos) | दीपः | dīpaḥ | Positive light-metaphor resonance; anchor to Scripture/Christ’s return, not Vedāntic jñāna-dispels-avidyā paradigm. |
| Holy Mountain | ὄρος ἅγιον | पवित्रः पर्वतः | pavitraḥ parvataḥ | Distinguish from ongoing tīrtha/kṣetra sacred-geography traditions. |
| Servant / Slave (self-designation) | δοῦλος (doulos) | दासः | dāsaḥ | Positive resonance with bhakti X-dāsa devotional self-designation; avoid Ṛgvedic dāsa-as-enemy-tribe and dharmaśāstra chattel-slavery senses. |
| Fire (of judgment) | πῦρ (pyr) | अग्निः | agniḥ | Unavoidable standard term; note against identification with the Vedic deity Agni. |
| Patience / Long-suffering | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | दीर्घसहनम् | dīrghasahanam | Connects to baseline’s “providence” entry: personal, purposive, not karmaphala. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | मनःपरिवर्तनम् | manaḥparivartanam | Literal calque of Greek etymology; avoid reduction to mere पश्चात्ताप (remorse) or dharmaśāstra’s prāyaścitta. |
| New Heavens and New Earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | नवीनं गगनं नूतना पृथ्वी | navīnaṃ gaganaṃ nūtanā pṛthvī | Final and permanent, not the recurring “new creation” of the kalpa-cycle. |
| Spotless / Blameless | ἄσπιλος / ἀμώμητος | निष्कलङ्कः / निर्दोषः | niṣkalaṅkaḥ / nirdoṣaḥ | Moral, not ceremonial, purity. |
| Body (as “tent”) | σκήνωμα (skēnōma) | देहः (शिबिररूपः देहः) | dehaḥ (śibirarūpaḥ dehaḥ) | Avoid Bhagavad Gītā 2:22 garment-changing/transmigration resonance. |
| Slaves of Corruption | δεδούλωνται (τῇ φθορᾷ) | दासीभूताः | dāsībhūtāḥ | Built on दासः; contrasts with the false “freedom” promised (see स्वतन्त्रता, Critical). |
| Glorious Ones (angelic) | δόξαι | महिमावन्तः | mahimāvantaḥ | Contextual sense of δόξα distinct from the abstract “glory.” |
| Hard to Understand / Twist | δυσνόητα / στρεβλοῦσιν | दुर्बोधानि / विकृतं कुर्वन्ति | durbodhāni / vikṛtaṃ kurvanti | Connects to inspiration-of-scripture doctrine: mishandling Scripture carries moral, not merely interpretive, stakes. |
Low Risk (automated review sufficient)
| English Term | Greek | Sanskrit | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Honor | τιμή | सम्मानः | sammānaḥ |
| Equally Precious (faith) | ἰσότιμος | तुल्यमूल्यः | tulyamūlyaḥ |
| More Sure / Firmer | βεβαιότερον | दृढतरम् | dṛḍhataram |
| One’s Own Interpretation | ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως | स्वव्याख्या | svavyākhyā |
| Will of Man | θέλημα ἀνθρώπου | मनुष्यस्य इच्छा | manuṣyasya icchā |
| Carried Along (by the Spirit) | φερόμενοι | नीताः | nītāḥ |
| Dark Place | αὐχμηρὸς τόπος | अन्धकारे स्थाने | andhakāre sthāne |
| Departure / Exodus (death) | ἔξοδος | निर्गमनम् | nirgamanam |
| Greed / Covetousness | πλεονεξία | लोभः | lobhaḥ |
| Destruction / Ruin | ἀπώλεια | विनाशः | vināśaḥ |
| Irrational Animals | ἄλογα ζῷα | अबुद्धिपशवः | abuddhipaśavaḥ |
| Adultery | μοιχεία | व्यभिचारः | vyabhicāraḥ |
| Scoffers | ἐμπαῖκτης | उपहासकाः | upahāsakāḥ |
| A Thousand Years | χίλια ἔτη | सहस्रं वर्षाणि | sahasraṃ varṣāṇi |
| Simon Peter (proper name) | Σίμων Πέτρος | शिमोन् पितरः | Śimon Pitaraḥ |
| Noah (proper name) | Νῶε | नोहः | Nohaḥ |
| Lot (proper name) | Λώτ | लोतः | Lotaḥ |
| Balaam (proper name) | Βαλαάμ | बालाम् | Bālām |
| Sodom, Gomorrah (proper names) | Σόδομα, Γόμορρα | सदोमः, गमोराः | Sadomaḥ, Gamorāḥ |
C. Cross-Reference to Doctrines (Curriculum Parameter Coverage Check)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Anchoring Terms | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | μῦθος, ἐπόπτης, φωνή, προφητικὸς λόγος, ἐπίλυσις, Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον, φέρω, λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, δυσνόητα/στρεβλοῦσιν | Fully covered, 1:16–21 (core) + 3:5, 3:16 |
| Growing in Christian Virtue | ἀρετή, ἐγκράτεια, ὑπομονή, εὐσέβεια, φιλαδελφία, ἀγάπη, ἐπίγνωσις/γνῶσις | Fully covered, ch. 1 |
| False Teachers and Their Judgment | ψευδοδιδάσκαλος, αἵρεσις, δεσπότης, ἀγοράζω, ἄγγελος, ταρταρόω, κατακλυσμός, κρίσις/κρίμα, ὁδὸς τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ἐλευθερία, ἀπάτη | Fully covered, ch. 2 |
| The Certainty of Christ’s Return | παρουσία, φωσφόρος, ἐμπαῖκτης | Fully covered, 1:16 (core) + 3:3–4 |
| The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | ἡμέρα Κυρίου, στοιχεῖα, λύω, πῦρ, καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | Fully covered, ch. 3 |
| Patience of God’s Timing | μακροθυμία, μετάνοια, χίλια ἔτη | Fully covered, 3:8–9 |
| Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | θεία φύσις/κοινωνοί, φθορά, ἐπιθυμία, θεία δύναμις | Fully covered, 1:3–4 (core-adjacent) |
All three chapters of 2 Peter have been surveyed; no chapter lacked new load-bearing theological vocabulary.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Original: θεός
Category: God
The one true, personal, triune God, source of all things and 2 Peter’s final judge. [Inherited from Romans package.] सर्वेश्वरः forecloses the ‘one deity among many devāḥ’ reading that 2 Peter’s own polemic against false teachers requires.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied to Christ throughout 2 Peter (‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’) and to God the Father in ‘the Day of the Lord.’ Five-plus repetitions in this short letter (1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 1:14, 1:16, 2:1, 2:20, 3:2, 3:10, 3:18) make consistency essential.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] God the Father, whose voice at the Transfiguration confirms the Son (2 Peter 1:17).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] The single highest-stakes term in the Language Package. 2 Peter 1:21 is its most load-bearing occurrence in this curriculum: must carry the apauruṣeya-Veda contrast (uncreated, unauthored, merely ‘seen’ Veda vs. a personal God moving named historical human authors) plus the mandatory distinct-personhood note guarding against an ātman-Brahman identity reading. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship and Saviorhood of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Serampore Sanskrit New Testament (1808) precedent.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टः
Transliteration: khrīṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package’s transliteration table in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.] Transliterated per Serampore tradition. Must not be assimilated to an avatāra-figure or one of several anointed teachers, per the baseline’s messianic_promise and incarnation entries.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः / मम पुत्रः
Transliteration: parameśvarasya putraḥ / mama putraḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: अंशः, ईश्वरांशः, देवपुरुषः
Original: υἱός (μου)
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package, adapted to first-person direct speech for 2 Peter 1:17.] The Father’s own testimony, spoken in the first person as मम पुत्रः (‘my Son’), to Christ’s eternal, unique Sonship. Never अंशः (avatāra-portion) or metaphorical sonship.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used of God’s righteous character (1:1) and the ‘way of righteousness’ abandoned by false teachers (2:5, 2:21). Mandatory explicit redefinition at every occurrence, exactly as in the baseline.
Salvation
Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Lordship and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Explicit at 2 Peter 3:15 (‘the patience of our Lord is salvation’), implicit throughout. NEVER मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, or निर्वाणम्. This root (√trā) is shared with the new term त्राता (‘Savior’), deliberately preserving the Greek sōtēr/sōtēria pairing in Sanskrit.
Savior
Approved rendering: त्राता
Transliteration: trātā
Doctrine: Lordship and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षदातृ, मुक्तिदातृ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW term. Agent noun sharing the root √trā with त्राणम् (‘salvation’), deliberately preserving the Greek sōtēr/sōtēria pairing in Sanskrit. Occurs five times in this short letter (‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’: 1:1, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18) — consistency mandatory across all five. Never मोक्षदातृ or मुक्तिदातृ (‘giver of liberation’), which would import the moksha soteriology the baseline forbids.
Christs Return
Approved rendering: पुनरागमनम्
Transliteration: punarāgamanam
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: अवतारागमनम्
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Christ’s promised, personal, visible, singular future coming, anticipated by the Transfiguration (1:16) and mocked by scoffers (3:4). Structurally parallels the awaited Kalki avatāra, the tenth and still-future daśāvatāra of Viṣṇu. Every occurrence must carry a note: this is the personal reappearing of the same, already-incarnate, already-risen Son — not a new descent, not one of a series, and not part of a yuga-restoration cycle (cf. Bhagavad Gītā 4.7-8, already cited in the baseline’s incarnation entry).
True Knowledge
Approved rendering: परिज्ञानम्
Transliteration: parijñānam
Doctrine: True/Full Knowledge of God and Christ
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Divine Nature
NEW term, and the single most persistent Critical-tier collision in this book. Full, personal, relational knowledge of God and Christ, central to spiritual growth and repeatedly linked to salvation itself (1:2, 1:3, 1:8, 2:20, 3:18). ज्ञान names jñāna-mārga in Bhagavad Gītā chs. 4-7, 13, 18, where knowledge itself constitutes or effects liberation (Self-realization of ātman=Brahman). Mandatory explicit redefinition at EVERY occurrence, not merely first-use, given this term’s exceptional frequency across the whole letter.
Partakers Of Divine Nature
Approved rendering: दिव्यस्वभावस्य सहभागिनः
Transliteration: divyasvabhāvasya sahabhāginaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: अंशभागिनः, ब्रह्मैक्यम्
Original: θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί
Category: Divine Nature
NEW term, one of the two most severe new Critical items in this book. Believers’ transformation to share in God’s own moral and holy character while remaining creatures (1:4). Must be explicitly distinguished from: (1) Advaita’s ātman-Brahman identity; (2) Vaiṣṇava sādharmya-mukti (liberated souls in Vaikuṇṭha acquiring God-like qualities while remaining ontologically distinct from Viṣṇu — a genuinely close structural parallel requiring engagement, not silence); and (3) any generic ‘becoming divine’ reading. Moral/relational participation by grace through faith, not ontological merger nor self-achieved jñāna/yogic attainment.
Flood
Approved rendering: जलप्लावनम्
Transliteration: jalaplāvanam
Doctrine: The Flood as Historical, Typological Judgment
Rejected alternatives: प्रलयः (FORBIDDEN)
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. NEVER प्रलयः — the most severe new collision in this Language Package. प्रलय is the Purāṇic/Vedāntic technical term for the periodic mahāpralaya, the cosmic dissolution ending each kalpa in an endless creation-dissolution-recreation cycle. 2 Peter 3 explicitly draws a flood-to-fire-judgment typology (2:5; 3:6); rendering ‘flood’ as प्रलय would lead a Sanskrit-literate reader to read the coming judgment as another cyclical pralaya rather than the single, final, linear judgment 2 Peter teaches. Treat with the same absolute-forbidden status as मोक्षः/मुक्तिः for ‘salvation.‘
False Freedom
Approved rendering: स्वतन्त्रता
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: False Freedom and Bondage to Corruption
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिः (FORBIDDEN), मोक्षः (FORBIDDEN)
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. The false teachers’ false promise of liberty to their followers, ironically juxtaposed with their own bondage to corruption in the same verse (2:19). NEVER मुक्तिः or मोक्षः. Using the root reserved exclusively for true ‘salvation’ in the baseline would either compromise that reservation or make the false teachers’ counterfeit promise sound like an authentic soteriological offer.
Deceit
Approved rendering: वञ्चना
Transliteration: vañcanā
Doctrine: Deceit of False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: माया (FORBIDDEN)
Original: ἀπάτη
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. The false teachers’ moral trickery and fraud (2:13). NEVER माया. Though ordinary Sanskrit uses māyā for ‘trick/deception,’ it is also Advaita Vedānta’s central technical term for the entire phenomenal world’s illusory, veiling nature relative to Brahman. Using it here would import that metaphysical doctrine into a passage about straightforward ethical fraud — a collision comparable in severity to the ātman/Holy Spirit risk flagged in the baseline.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभोः दिनम्
Transliteration: prabhoḥ dinam
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: महाप्रलयः (as an equivalence, FORBIDDEN framing)
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The book’s second most severe Critical term. The single, final, historical day on which the present heavens and earth are dissolved and replaced (3:10). Must always be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished from महाप्रलयः, the periodic cosmic dissolution ending each kalpa in Purāṇic cosmology (Viṣṇu Purāṇa, Bhāgavata Purāṇa), governed impersonally by kāla or Brahmā’s day/night — not final. 2 Peter 3’s dissolution is linear, final, and moral, followed by a permanent new creation. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, on the same footing as the baseline’s resurrection, incarnation, and salvation entries.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package.] Personal trust in Christ shared equally by every believer (2 Peter 1:1, 1:5), not the guṇa-classified threefold śraddhā of Bhagavad Gītā 17 nor the structured bhakti-mārga.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Frames the letter’s opening (1:2) and closing (3:18). Must remain distinct from प्रसादः’s ritual food-offering-and-return structure and पुण्यम्’s merit-accumulation sense.
Way Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकतामार्गः
Transliteration: dhārmikatāmārgaḥ
Doctrine: The Way of Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: केवलं मार्गः (bare ‘path,’ without redefinition)
Original: ὁδὸς τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Built on reused धार्मिकता. मार्गः is the technical term for the plural soteriological paths of classical thought (jñāna-, bhakti-, karma-mārga). Must be taught as the singular path of right standing through faith in Christ (2 Peter 2:15, 2:21), not one mārga among several equally valid options.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Bestowed on Christ at the Transfiguration (1:3, 1:17) and named in the closing doxology (3:18). Never तेजस् (Devī-formation associations in Purāṇic narrative). Kept distinct in this book from गौरवम् (μεγαλειότης, ‘majesty’) and महनीया महिमा (μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम् / सामर्थ्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya sāmarthyam / sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्तिः
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Christ’s power displayed at the Transfiguration and the source of ‘all things pertaining to life and godliness’ (1:3, 1:16). Never शक्तिः, the hypostasized Śākta divine-feminine creative power.
Called
Approved rendering: आहूतः
Transliteration: āhūtaḥ
Doctrine: Election and Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रितः
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] God’s sovereign summons (1:3, 1:10). Must be distinguished from the ordinary Vedic sense of āhvāna (human ritual invocation of a deity).
Calling
Approved rendering: आह्वानम्
Transliteration: āhvānam
Doctrine: Election and Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रणम्
[Inherited from Romans package.] Noun form of ‘called’; 2 Peter 1:10 (‘make your calling and election sure’).
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya varaṇam
Doctrine: Election and Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Paired with ‘calling’ at 2 Peter 1:10. Never भाग्यम् or दैवम् (impersonal fate).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Conduct
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied to the Mount of Transfiguration (1:18), the prophets (3:2), and holy conduct (3:11). Must be distinguished from Vedic ritual-instrumental purity (kuśa-grass strainer sense).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Conduct
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: ἁγιασμός (cf. ἅγιαι ἀναστροφαί)
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Holy conduct expected of believers awaiting the Day of the Lord (3:11). Distinguish from dharmaśāstra’s ritual śuddhi/prāyaścitta procedures.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vidhānam
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्, कर्मफलम्
Original: (implicit; cf. μακροθυμία, 3:9)
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Underlies God’s patient delay of judgment (3:9). Never भाग्यम्, दैवम्, or कर्मफलम्.
Sin
Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Moral Corruption Produced by Evil Desire
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package.] Object of past cleansing (1:9) and the false teachers’ habitual practice (2:14). Distinguish from ritual impurity and dharmaśāstra’s catalogued sin-and-penance system.
Myth
Approved rendering: कल्पितकथा
Transliteration: kalpitakathā
Doctrine: Eyewitness Testimony versus Fabricated Myth
Rejected alternatives: पुराणम्, इतिहासम्
Original: μῦθος (σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις)
Category: Scripture
NEW term. A fabricated, invented tale explicitly denied as the source of apostolic testimony (1:16). Never पुराणम् or इतिहासम् — the canonical Hindu genre-names for sacred/legendary narrative, not regarded internally as invented, which would collapse Peter’s eyewitness-history-vs-fiction contrast.
Voice
Approved rendering: ध्वनिः
Transliteration: dhvaniḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: वाणी, वाच्, शब्दः
Original: φωνή
Category: Christology
NEW term. The Father’s audible, historical utterance at the Transfiguration (1:17-18). Never वाणी/वाच्/शब्दः, which trigger Vāc-cosmology and Mīmāṃsā’s śabda-brahman doctrine of the Veda’s eternal, uncreated sound-form, extending the baseline’s caution under ‘covenant.’ ध्वनिः is physically neutral and marks a specific, once-spoken, historical utterance.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणीरूपं वचनम्
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇīrūpaṃ vacanam
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ὁ προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Scripture
NEW compound built on reused भविष्यवाणी. The body of Old Testament prophetic Scripture, to which believers ‘do well to pay attention’ (1:19). Inherits the High risk of the fulfillment-of-prophecy doctrine.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: प्रभातज्योतिः
Transliteration: prabhātajyotiḥ
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: शुक्रः
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The dawning of full clarity at Christ’s return (1:19). Never शुक्रः — the standard Sanskrit name for the planet Venus and for the Purāṇic figure Śukrācārya (guru of the asuras), with extensive Jyotiṣa (astrological) associations that would badly misdirect.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ज्ञानम्
Transliteration: jñānam
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term, same jñāna-mārga collision family as परिज्ञानम् above, an item in the virtue-growth chain (1:5-6), slightly lower risk since used here as one list-item rather than the letter’s thesis-level term.
Divine
Approved rendering: दिव्यः
Transliteration: divyaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: दैविकः
Original: θεῖος (δύναμις / φύσις)
Category: Divine Nature
NEW term. Used of God’s ‘divine power’ (1:3) and ‘divine nature’ (1:4). Never दैविकः, too close to दैवम् (‘fate,’ rejected under baseline ‘providence’), and never a देव-rooted coinage, paralleling the baseline’s rejection of देवः for ‘God.‘
Evil Desire
Approved rendering: दुरभिलाषा
Transliteration: durabhilāṣā
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: कामः, तृष्णा, वासना
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Divine Nature
NEW term, built on non-technical अभिलाषा. Never कामः (a legitimate puruṣārtha), तृष्णा (the Buddhist Second Noble Truth term), or वासना (the Sāṃkhya-Yoga/Vedānta term for latent karmic impressions, already implicitly excluded by the baseline’s resurrection entry).
Virtue
Approved rendering: सद्गुणः
Transliteration: sadguṇaḥ
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term, structurally unavoidable in the same way as धार्मिकता: गुण is Sāṃkhya’s technical term for prakṛti’s three constituent qualities (sattva-rajas-tamas; cf. Bhagavad Gītā 14). Moral excellence, the first quality added to faith in the growth-chain (1:3, 1:5). Mandatory explicit redefinition every occurrence: moral excellence produced by grace, not a substance-quality of prakṛti.
Godliness
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरनिष्ठा
Transliteration: sarveśvaraniṣṭhā
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: भक्तिः
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term, built on the baseline’s सर्वेश्वर rather than भक्ति. भक्तिः is deliberately avoided as it names an entire soteriological path (bhakti-mārga) per the baseline’s faith entry. निष्ठा still requires flagging since it appears in Gītā’s jñāna-niṣṭhā/karma-niṣṭhā discussions.
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: स्नेहः
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term. The culminating virtue in the growth-chain (1:7). प्रेम is the specific technical name for the culminating stage of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava bhakti-rasa theology (śraddhā→bhāva→prema), the devotee’s mature ecstatic love for Kṛṣṇa. Must be explicitly redefined as God’s own self-giving covenantal love and the love it produces among believers, not the emotional culmination-state of a specific bhakti-rasa soteriology.
False Teacher
Approved rendering: मिथ्याशिक्षकः / मिथ्याभविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: mithyāśikṣakaḥ / mithyābhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: मिथ्याचार्यः
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλος / ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Teachers/prophets who mislead the professing church community (2:1). शिक्षकः (‘teacher,’ generic) is deliberately preferred over आचार्यः, which in sectarian usage names a revered lineage-founder (Śaṅkarācārya, Rāmānujācārya) and would carry unwanted polemic against the ācārya institution itself.
Destructive Heresy
Approved rendering: विनाशकर-मिथ्यामतम्
Transliteration: vināśakara-mithyāmatam
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: पाषण्डः
Original: αἵρεσις (ἀπωλείας)
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Divisive false teaching within the church leading to destruction (2:1). Never पाषण्डः, the classical Brahminical pejorative term for nāstika groups (Buddhists, Jains); this would import an external orthodoxy-vs-heterodoxy framework foreign to Peter’s point, which concerns corruption arising within the professing community.
Master
Approved rendering: अधिपतिः
Transliteration: adhipatiḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी
Original: δεσπότης
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Christ as sovereign owner-master, denied by the false teachers (2:1). Never स्वामी, already rejected for κύριος in the baseline and additionally a common Hindu monastic-teacher honorific (risking a guru-figure reading, parallel to the baseline’s rejection of गुरुः for ‘apostle’).
Bought
Approved rendering: क्रीतः
Transliteration: krītaḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Christ’s atoning purchase of believers, denied by apostate teachers (2:1). Must be explicitly clarified as Christ’s unique, once-for-all atoning sacrifice, not a karmic transactional exchange nor structured like prasāda’s ritual offering-and-return (extending the baseline’s grace caution).
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूतः
Transliteration: svargadūtaḥ
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: देवः
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Created heavenly beings, here fallen and judged (2:4). Never देवः, for the same reason it is barred from rendering ‘God’: angels are created, ministerial beings never to be worshipped, unlike devas, who are objects of Vedic/Purāṇic pūjā and yajña. दूतः (‘messenger’) parallels the baseline’s प्रेषितः strategy for ‘apostle.‘
Tartarus
Approved rendering: अन्धकारबन्धनम्
Transliteration: andhakārabandhanam
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: नरकः
Original: ταρταρόω
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. Temporary confinement of fallen angels awaiting final judgment (2:4). Never नरकः, which would import the Purāṇic catalog of named hells (Garuḍa Purāṇa) understood as temporary punishments within an ongoing transmigration cycle culminating in eventual rebirth — structurally incompatible with a holding-confinement awaiting one final judgment.
Judgment
Approved rendering: विचारः / दण्डः
Transliteration: vicāraḥ / daṇḍaḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: न्यायः
Original: κρίσις / κρίμα
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. God’s certain judgment on the ungodly, held in reserve until the final day (2:3-4, 2:9; 3:7). Never न्यायः, already excluded in the baseline’s righteousness entry as the proper name of the Nyāya darśana. विचारः for the process of judging, दण्डः for judgment-as-sentence.
Creation
Approved rendering: सृष्टिः
Transliteration: sṛṣṭiḥ
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κτίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The singular, purposive act by which the heavens and earth came to be (3:4). सृष्टि is also the first member of the sṭṣṭि-sthiti-pralaya triad central to Purāṇic/Vedāntic cosmology, understood there as endlessly cyclical. Must be anchored to a singular, purposive, historically-bounded act — not an eternally repeating cycle.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वचनम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vacanam
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: वाच्
Original: λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. God’s creative decree by which the heavens and earth were made and are sustained (3:5). Extends the baseline’s covenant-entry caution against वाचा: this is the spoken decree of a personal, distinct Creator God issued at a point in time — not the eternal, uncreated (apauruṣeya), self-subsistent Vāc/śabda-brahman cosmic sound-principle.
Patience
Approved rendering: दीर्घसहनम्
Transliteration: dīrghasahanam
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. God’s forbearance in delaying judgment, out of patient desire for repentance (3:9, 3:15). Connects to the baseline’s providence entry: personal and purposive, not the impersonal working of karmaphala or an indifferent cosmic clock.
Elements
Approved rendering: महाभूतानि
Transliteration: mahābhūtāni
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The fundamental components of the cosmos, to be dissolved at the Day of the Lord (3:10, 3:12). महाभूत is the Sāṃkhya/classical-physics technical category (pañca-mahābhūta); must be anchored to a final, one-time dissolution, not the Sāṃkhya/Purāṇic cyclical re-absorption of the elements into prakṛti at a non-final pralaya.
Dissolve
Approved rendering: विघटनम् / विनाशः
Transliteration: vighaṭanam / vināśaḥ
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: लयः
Original: λύω (λυθήσεται)
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The dissolution of the present cosmos at the Day of the Lord (3:10-12). Never लयः, a technical term in both Yoga (laya-yoga, dissolving the mind into the Absolute) and Vedānta (near-synonym of pralaya), carrying the same cyclical-dissolution risk flagged repeatedly in this book.
Eternal
Approved rendering: नित्यम्
Transliteration: nityam
Doctrine: The Eternal Kingdom of Christ
Rejected alternatives: सनातनम् (FORBIDDEN)
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Describes Christ’s kingdom (1:11) and the closing doxological formula ‘to the day of eternity’ (3:18). Never सनातनम् — सनातन is the adjective in सनातनधर्मः (Sanātana Dharma), Hinduism’s own traditional self-designation, and using it here would risk an unintended claim of continuity between Christ’s kingdom and ‘Sanātana Dharma’ itself.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Epistolary greeting (2 Peter 1:2); distinguish from yogic citta-vṛtti-nirodha.
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostolic Servanthood and Authority
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Peter’s own office (1:1) and the apostles collectively (3:2). Distinguish from a guru within a guru-śiṣya-paramparā and from a ṛṣi.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: प्रभोः त्रातुः च राज्यम्
Transliteration: prabhoḥ trātuḥ ca rājyam
Doctrine: The Eternal Kingdom of Christ
Original: βασιλεία (τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ Σωτῆρος)
Category: Kingdom
[Inherited from Romans package’s राज्यम्, adapted to this letter’s genitive title ‘of our Lord and Savior’ using the new term त्राता.] 2 Peter 1:11: the eternal kingdom entered through a life of growing virtue.
Eyewitness
Approved rendering: प्रत्यक्षद्रष्टा
Transliteration: pratyakṣadraṣṭā
Doctrine: Eyewitness Testimony versus Fabricated Myth
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
NEW term. Strategic borrowing of प्रत्यक्ष, the strongest pramāṇa (direct sense-perception) in classical Indian epistemology, parallel to the baseline’s use of विधिः and निर्णयः. Peter’s claim to have personally witnessed the Transfiguration (1:16, 1:18). Must not be confused with yogic/ṛṣi-style mystical ‘inner’ direct perception.
Majesty
Approved rendering: गौरवम्
Transliteration: gauravam
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: महिमा (reserved for δόξα), तेजस्
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
NEW term. The visible splendor of Christ at the Transfiguration (1:16). Deliberately not महिमा (reserved for δόξα in this book) and not तेजस् (Devī-formation associations, rejected in baseline) or a mahimā-as-siddhi reading.
Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: महनीया महिमा
Transliteration: mahanīyā mahimā
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
NEW term, built on established महिमा. A reverential periphrasis naming God the Father himself as speaker (1:17). Must be read as personal reference to the Father speaking, not an impersonal radiant divine substance (the hypostasis caution the baseline raises against शक्ति applies by extension).
Beloved
Approved rendering: प्रियः
Transliteration: priyaḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: वल्लभः
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
NEW term. The Father’s testimony of love for the Son (1:17). Never वल्लभः, a devotional title for Kṛṣṇa in Vaiṣṇava bhakti literature (Rādhā-vallabha tradition).
Well Pleased
Approved rendering: प्रसन्नः (अस्मि)
Transliteration: prasannaḥ (asmi)
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Testimony)
Rejected alternatives: प्रसादः-derived noun forms
Original: εὐδοκέω
Category: Christology
NEW term. The Father’s delight in the Son (1:17). Shares root with प्रसादः (rejected in baseline ‘grace’ entry for its ritual food-offering structure); keep strictly predicative, not nominal, to avoid the ritual-exchange reading.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: पवित्रः पर्वतः
Transliteration: pavitraḥ parvataḥ
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Conduct
Original: ὄρος ἅγιον
Category: Sanctification
NEW term, built on baseline पवित्रम्. The Mount of Transfiguration, holy because of a unique historical revelation (1:18). Distinguish from tīrtha/kṣetra sites held to possess ongoing, inherent sanctifying power tied to a deity’s continuing presence; this mountain’s holiness is retrospective and event-specific.
Lamp
Approved rendering: दीपः
Transliteration: dīpaḥ
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λύχνος
Category: Scripture
NEW term. Scripture as light guiding believers through a dark world until Christ’s return (1:19). Positively resonant with Upaniṣadic ‘tamaso mā jyotir gamaya,’ but must be anchored to Scripture’s authority pointing to Christ’s return, not generalized into jñāna-dispels-avidyā self-realization.
Carried Along
Approved rendering: नीताः
Transliteration: nītāḥ
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: आवेशः, समावेशः
Original: φερόμενοι (ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου)
Category: Scripture
NEW term. The Spirit’s active, sovereign superintendence of the human authors of Scripture (1:21). Avoid possession-trance vocabulary (āveśa-family), which would suggest the human author’s mind was suppressed, contradicting verbal-plenary inspiration through fully engaged human agency.
Corruption
Approved rendering: विनाशः
Transliteration: vināśaḥ
Doctrine: Moral Corruption Produced by Evil Desire
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature
NEW term. Moral corruption produced by evil desire, escaped through partaking of the divine nature (1:4; also 2:12, 2:19). Distinguish from the Sāṃkhya-Yoga account of bondage to prakṛti’s guṇas resolved through discriminative knowledge (viveka) leading to kaivalya; here escape is by grace, not metaphysical discrimination.
Self Control
Approved rendering: दमः
Transliteration: damaḥ
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: संयम
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term. Mastery over one’s desires/impulses, an item in the virtue-growth chain (1:6). Never संयम, Patañjali’s specific technical term for the combined dhāraṇā-dhyāna-samādhi practice yielding siddhis (Yoga Sūtra 3.4).
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: धृतिः
Transliteration: dhṛtiḥ
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term. Patient endurance under trial, an item in the virtue-growth chain (1:6). Note incidental root proximity to dhāraṇā (concentration, Yoga Sūtra 3.1); not itself a named technical category.
Promise
Approved rendering: प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: pratijñā
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. God’s pledged gifts (1:4) and his pledge of Christ’s return (3:4, 3:9, 3:13). Strategic positive borrowing: pratijñā is also the Nyāya technical term for the initial thesis-statement in a five-membered syllogism, fitting the letter’s confident assurance about the promise’s certain future vindication.
Cleansing
Approved rendering: पापक्षालनम्
Transliteration: pāpakṣālanam
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Conduct
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: καθαρισμός
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. Removal of moral defilement from past sins (1:9). Never शुद्धिः, already rejected in the baseline’s sanctification entry for naming dharmaśāstra’s ritual purification procedures.
Servant
Approved rendering: दासः
Transliteration: dāsaḥ
Doctrine: Apostolic Servanthood and Authority
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
NEW term. Peter’s self-designation of total submission to Christ (1:1). Mixed profile: positively resonant with the common Vaiṣṇava bhakti self-designation X-dāsa (‘servant of God X’); must avoid the residual Ṛgvedic dāsa-as-enemy-tribe sense and dharmaśāstra’s chattel-slavery sense.
Body Tent
Approved rendering: देहः (शिबिररूपः देहः)
Transliteration: dehaḥ (śibirarūpaḥ dehaḥ)
Doctrine: Believers’ Hope Amid Scoffing and Delay
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Peter’s body as a temporary dwelling he is about to ‘put off’ through death (1:13-14). Must not be read through Bhagavad Gītā 2:22’s garment-changing metaphor for transmigration; this is departure to be with Christ at death, not migration into a new body.
Slaves Of Corruption
Approved rendering: दासीभूताः
Transliteration: dāsībhūtāḥ
Doctrine: False Freedom and Bondage to Corruption
Original: δεδούλωνται (τῇ φθορᾷ)
Category: False Teachers
NEW term, built on the reused दासः. The false teachers’ actual condition, contrasted with their false promise of freedom (2:19).
Destruction
Approved rendering: विनाशः
Transliteration: vināśaḥ
Doctrine: The Flood as Historical, Typological Judgment
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, reused from φθορά (‘corruption’) for consistency. Final ruin awaiting false teachers and the ungodly (2:1, 2:3; 3:7, 3:16).
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: महिमावन्तः
Transliteration: mahimāvantaḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: δόξαι
Category: False Teachers
NEW term, built on reused महिमा. Angelic/majestic beings whom the false teachers arrogantly blaspheme (2:10).
Fire
Approved rendering: अग्निः
Transliteration: agniḥ
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: πῦρ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The instrument of the coming final judgment (3:7, 3:10, 3:12). अग्नि is also a major Vedic deity receiving yajña oblations; must be presented as an instrument of the Creator God’s justice, never identified with or invoked as the deity Agni.
Repentance
Approved rendering: मनःपरिवर्तनम्
Transliteration: manaḥparivartanam
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: पश्चात्तापः, प्रायश्चित्तम्
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, a literal calque of the Greek meta- (‘change’) + nous (‘mind’). The purpose of God’s patience: opportunity to turn from sin and be saved (3:9). Better preserves saving reorientation than mere पश्चात्तापः (remorse); avoids प्रायश्चित्तम्, which imports dharmaśāstra’s ritual-penance framework.
New Heavens And Earth
Approved rendering: नवीनं गगनं नूतना च पृथ्वी
Transliteration: navīnaṃ gaganaṃ nūtanā ca pṛthvī
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The qualitatively new, permanent creation following the Day of the Lord (3:13). Must be distinguished from the recurring ‘new creation’ following each pralaya within the endless kalpa-cycle of Purāṇic cosmology; here ‘new’ means final and permanent, not merely next in an endless series.
Spotless Blameless
Approved rendering: निष्कलङ्कः / निर्दोषः
Transliteration: niṣkalaṅkaḥ / nirdoṣaḥ
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Conduct
Original: ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. The moral goal for believers awaiting the Day of the Lord (3:14). Moral, not ceremonial, purity — distinguished from ritual purity categories generally, as with पवित्रम्/शुद्धिः in the baseline.
Hard To Understand
Approved rendering: दुर्बोधानि / विकृतं कुर्वन्ति
Transliteration: durbodhāni / vikṛtaṃ kurvanti
Doctrine: Reliability of Scripture Against Misinterpretation
Original: δυσνόητα / στρεβλοῦσιν
Category: Scripture
NEW term. Difficult scriptural passages willfully distorted by untaught, unstable people (3:16). Connects to the inspiration-of-scripture doctrine: mishandling Scripture is a moral danger with eternal consequences, not a neutral interpretive variance.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ऋषिः
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package.] God’s spokesmen (1:19-21), counterfeited by false prophets (2:1). Never ऋषिः (a Vedic seer of eternal, uncreated mantras).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package.] The letter’s central proof of Scripture’s reliability (1:19-21, 3:2).
Paul
Approved rendering: पौलः
Transliteration: paulaḥ
Doctrine: Reliability of Scripture Against Misinterpretation
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from the baseline transliteration table in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.] The apostle Paul, whose letters Peter commends as Scripture despite their difficulty (2 Peter 3:15-16).
More Sure
Approved rendering: दृढतरम्
Transliteration: dṛḍhataram
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερον
Category: Scripture
NEW term. The greater certainty of the prophetic word compared even to eyewitness experience (1:19). Non-technical.
Own Interpretation
Approved rendering: स्वव्याख्या
Transliteration: svavyākhyā
Doctrine: Reliability of Scripture Against Misinterpretation
Original: ἰδία ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
NEW term. Scripture’s origin is not the prophet’s own private explanation (1:20). व्याख्या is the ordinary, non-sectarian Sanskrit word for scholarly commentary, carrying no specific-school baggage.
Will Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्यस्य इच्छा
Transliteration: manuṣyasya icchā
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: θέλημα ἀνθρώπου
Category: Scripture
NEW term. Human intention, explicitly negated as the source of prophecy (1:21). Plain, non-technical.
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: भ्रातृप्रेम
Transliteration: bhrātṛprema
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Christian Virtue
NEW term. Love among believers as family, an item in the virtue-growth chain (1:7). Non-technical.
Equally Precious Faith
Approved rendering: तुल्यमूल्यः विश्वासः
Transliteration: tulyamūlyaḥ viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith
NEW modifier on reused विश्वासः. Faith of the same standing shared by every believer regardless of apostolic office (1:1).
Departure
Approved rendering: निर्गमनम्
Transliteration: nirgamanam
Doctrine: Believers’ Hope Amid Scoffing and Delay
Original: ἔξοδος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Peter’s approaching death, echoing Israel’s Exodus (1:15). Non-technical.
Greed
Approved rendering: लोभः
Transliteration: lobhaḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. The false teachers’ financial motive (2:3, 2:14). Non-technical.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: अबुद्धिपशवः
Transliteration: abuddhipaśavaḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. A simile for the false teachers’ brute, instinct-driven behavior (2:12). Non-technical.
Adultery
Approved rendering: व्यभिचारः
Transliteration: vyabhicāraḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: μοιχεία
Category: False Teachers
NEW term. The false teachers’ sexual sin (2:14). Non-technical.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: उपहासकाः
Transliteration: upahāsakāḥ
Doctrine: Believers’ Hope Amid Scoffing and Delay
Original: ἐμπαῖκτης
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Those who deny the certainty of Christ’s return (3:3). Non-technical.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: सहस्रं वर्षाणि
Transliteration: sahasraṃ varṣāṇi
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, rendered plainly with numerals. Illustration of God’s transcendence of human time-perception in patience (3:8). Not a chronological claim to reconcile with Purāṇic yuga-length arithmetic (e.g., the 432,000-year Kali Yuga).
Simon Peter
Approved rendering: शिमोन् पितरः
Transliteration: Śimon Pitaraḥ
Doctrine: Apostolic Servanthood and Authority
Original: Σίμων Πέτρος
Category: Church
Proper name. The author’s identity (1:1). पितरः is the established Sanskrit Christian transliteration for ‘Peter’; also used, prefixed with the Arabic numeral 2, as this letter’s book-name citation form (see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md).
Noah
Approved rendering: नोहः
Transliteration: Nohaḥ
Doctrine: The Flood as Historical, Typological Judgment
Original: Νῶε
Category: Eschatology
Proper name (2:5).
Lot
Approved rendering: लोतः
Transliteration: Lotaḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Λώτ
Category: False Teachers
Proper name (2:7).
Sodom Gomorrah
Approved rendering: सदोमः, गमोराः
Transliteration: Sadomaḥ, Gamorāḥ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Σόδομα, Γόμορρα
Category: False Teachers
Proper names (2:6). God’s judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah as a pattern of coming judgment on the ungodly.
Balaam
Approved rendering: बालाम्
Transliteration: Bālām
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: False Teachers
Proper name (2:15). The paradigm of a prophet corrupted by love of gain.
Referenced passages