Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Luke (English → Sanskrit)

This glossary extends the Romans baseline translation_memory.json for the Luke curriculum. Section A lists baseline terms carried over unchanged and confirms their occurrence in Luke. Section B lists every new term this curriculum introduces, in the same field-structure as the baseline translation memory, ready for direct addition to translation_memory.json (version increment required per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions”).

Section A — Reused Baseline Terms (Enforce Exactly, No Change)

English	Sanskrit (unchanged)	Risk (baseline)	Confirmed Luke Occurrences
gospel	सुसमाचारः	High	4:18; 4:43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 20:1
grace	अनुग्रहः	High	1:30; 2:40; 2:52; 4:22
faith	विश्वासः	High	5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:19; 18:8,42; 22:32
righteousness / righteous	धार्मिकता / धार्मिकः	Critical	1:6,75; 23:47
justification	धर्मीति निर्णयः	Critical	18:14 (key Gospel anchor text)
salvation	त्राणम्	Critical	1:69,71,77; 19:9; and verb-forms throughout
apostle	प्रेषितः	Medium	6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10
called / calling	आहूतः / आह्वानम्	High	5:32 (context: calling sinners to repentance)
holy	पवित्रम्	High	throughout (Holy Spirit, “Holy One of God,” holy covenant, holy prophets)
sanctification	पवित्रीकरणम्	High	not directly attested (see 07, Part 3)
adoption	पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम्	High	20:36 (sons of the resurrection — believers, distinct from Christ’s unique Sonship)
resurrection	पुनरुत्थानम्	Critical	9:22; 20:27-40; ch. 24 throughout
lord	प्रभुः	Critical	throughout; esp. 20:41-44; 24:34
son_of_god	परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः	Critical	1:35; 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70
incarnation (doctrine name)	देहधारणम्	Critical	governs chs. 1-2 birth narrative
peace	शान्तिः	Medium	1:79; 2:14; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36
thanksgiving	धन्यवादः	Low	17:16; 22:17,19
fellowship	सहभागिता	Low	thematic background to table-fellowship material
church	मण्डली	Medium	not attested in Luke’s Gospel (see 07, Part 3)
kingdom_of_god	परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्	Medium	pervasive, 30+ occurrences
law	विधिः	High	2:22-27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44
sin	पापम्	High	pervasive
gentiles	अन्यजातीयाः	Medium	2:32; 21:24; 24:47
glory	महिमा	High	2:9,14,32; 9:26,31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 21:27; 24:26
power_of_god	परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्	High	1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 22:69; 24:49
messiah / christ	मसीहः / ख्रीष्टः	Critical	2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46
prophet	भविष्यद्वक्ता	Low	pervasive (John, Jesus, Anna, “law and prophets”)
prophecy	भविष्यवाणी	Low	thematic background throughout fulfillment citations
covenant	संविद्	High	1:72; 22:20 (as “new covenant,” see Section B)
election / elect	परमेश्वरस्य वरणम् / वरितः	High	9:35; 18:7; 23:35
intercession	मध्यस्थता	Medium	22:32; 23:34
providence	परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्	High	12:6-7 (sparrows); 21:18 (not a hair perishes)
mission	सुसमाचारप्रचारः	Medium	ch. 9-10 (sending of twelve and seventy)
david	दाविद्	Medium	genealogy, ch. 1-3, 18, 20
israel	इस्राएलः	Medium	1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 24:21
jesus	यीशुः	Critical	throughout
god	सर्वेश्वरः (bare) / परमेश्वर (compounds)	Critical	throughout, per baseline’s own established dual-form convention
holy_spirit	पवित्र आत्मा	Critical	exceptionally dense: 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49
father	पिता	Critical	throughout, esp. ch. 11 (Lord’s Prayer), 15 (prodigal), 23:34,46
abba	अब्बा	High	not attested — Luke’s Gethsemane (22:42) uses Πάτερ only (see 07, Part 3)
exhort	उत्तेजनम्	Low	occasional
seed_of_david	दाविदः वंशात्	High	background to genealogy, distinct from the new title “Son of David” (Section B)
imputed_righteousness	आरोपिता धार्मिकता	Critical	not attested as formula (see 07, Part 3)

Section B — New Terms Introduced by the Luke Curriculum

Each entry below follows the baseline translation_memory.json field structure: translation, transliteration, doctrine_risk, doctrine, alternatives_rejected, notes.

B.1 — Repentance, Forgiveness, and Sin

#	English	Sanskrit	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
1	repentance	मनःपरिवर्तनम्	manaḥparivartanam	High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	प्रायश्चित्तम्	प्रायश्चित्तम् names dharmaśāstra’s catalogued ritual penances for specific sins (Manusmṛti 11); repentance here is heart-reorientation trusting God’s mercy, not ritual expiation
2	forgiveness (of sins)	क्षमा	kṣamā	High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	—	Also the general Sanskrit virtue-term for patience/forbearance; here specifically theologized as God’s/Christ’s pardon of moral debt. Shares the Greek ἄφεσις root with “release” (see #4); this pun is largely lost in Sanskrit and must be footnoted at Luke 4:18
3	sinner	पापी (m.) / पापिनी (f.)	pāpī / pāpinī	High	Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	—	Must not collapse into a ritually-impure/outcaste social designation (cf. caṇḍāla); it is a moral-relational category Jesus deliberately crosses to embrace
4	release (captives)	बन्दिमोक्षः / विमुक्तिः	bandimokṣaḥ / vimuktiḥ	High	Good News to the Poor and Marginalized	—	Same Greek root (ἄφεσις) as forgiveness (#2); Luke 4:18 deliberately binds physical liberation and spiritual forgiveness in one word. मोक्ष-family roots used here name ordinary “release from bondage,” NOT the theorized fourth puruṣārtha; flag to prevent drift toward the forbidden मोक्ष/मुक्ति sense
5	debt (sin as)	ऋणम्	ṛṇam	Medium-High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	—	Echoes but must be distinguished from the Vedic “three debts” (deva-ṛṇa, ṛṣi-ṛṇa, pitṛ-ṛṇa) discharged through ritual/progeny; God’s forgiveness is an act of grace (अनुग्रहः), not ritual/generational discharge
6	blasphemy against the Holy Spirit	पवित्रात्मनिन्दा	pavitrātmanindā	Critical	The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	—	Directly engages the baseline’s single highest-stakes doctrine (Holy Spirit personhood); the unforgivable sin. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence

#	English	Sanskrit	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
7	poor	दरिद्रः	daridraḥ	High	Good News to the Poor and Marginalized	निर्धनः	Poverty is not read as karmaphala (deserved fruit of past karma); the gospel is announced specifically, not incidentally, to the materially and socially poor
8	tax collector	करसंग्राहकः	karasaṃgrāhakaḥ	Medium	Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	—	Plain descriptive compound; doctrinal weight carried by the accompanying social-stigma note, not the word
9	compassion (moved with)	करुणा	karuṇā	High	Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	—	Distinguish from Buddhist brahmavihāra karuṇā (impartial, insight-based) and from Nāṭyaśāstra’s karuṇa-rasa (an aesthetic sentiment); Jesus’s compassion is personal, embodied, and directed at specific sufferers
10	mercy	दया	dayā	Medium	Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	—	Relational-kindness sense, complementary to करुणा
11	table fellowship (eating with sinners)	सहभोजनम्	sahabhojanam	High	Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	—	Direct collision with dharmaśāstra’s inter-dining/commensality restrictions across varṇa/jāti; must not be softened
12	disciple / follower	अनुयायी	anuyāyī	Medium	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	शिष्यः	शिष्यः imports the guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage-transmission framework; discipleship of Jesus is direct relationship with the living Lord, not chain-transmitted teaching authority
13	love (ἀγάπη/ἀγαπάω)	स्नेहः	snehaḥ	High	Cost and Joy of Discipleship / general ethics	प्रेम, अनुरागः	प्रेम is the summit technical term of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava prema-bhakti theology (Caitanya tradition); स्नेहः is the least philosophically-encumbered available term, per the same principle baseline applies to विश्वासः over श्रद्धा/भक्तिः
14	blessed (μακάριος)	धन्यः	dhanyaḥ	Medium	Good News to the Poor and Marginalized	—	Must not collapse into भाग्यम्/दैवम् (fortune/fate), already rejected in baseline’s election/providence entries
15	humility / lowliness	नम्रता / दीनता	namratā / dīnatā	Medium	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	—	Magnificat reversal-motif recurring at 14:11, 18:14
16	neighbor	समीपस्थः	samīpasthaḥ	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	बन्धुः	Must not imply restriction to one’s own community/jāti; the Good Samaritan parable deliberately subverts ethnic/religious boundary

B.3 — Christological and Eschatological Titles

#	English	Sanskrit	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
17	Son of Man	मनुष्यपुत्रः	manuṣyaputraḥ	Critical	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	—	Combines Ezekiel’s ordinary-humanity sense with Daniel 7:13-14’s divine-authority-to-judge sense; risk of under-translation toward “merely a human being”
18	Son of David	दाविदस्य पुत्रः	dāvidasya putraḥ	Critical	The Kingdom of God Present and Future	—	Distinct construction from baseline’s seed_of_david (lineage-descent); this is a direct royal-messianic title of address
19	virgin	कुमारी	kumārī	Critical	(foundational to Incarnation, baseline)	कन्या	कुमारी is also the title of the living-goddess Kumārī Devī cult (Nepal); Mary is fully human, never a goddess-manifestation or object of worship
20	Most High	परमः	paramaḥ	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	—	Used attributively with baseline’s परमेश्वर; inherited residual risk (Parameśvara also names Śiva in Śaiva tradition) is a pre-existing baseline convention, flagged here for high-frequency Luke 1 occurrence
21	wrath (of God)	कोपः	kopaḥ	High	(background to Repentance doctrine)	क्रोधः	Must be distinguished from anger as a kleśa/defect to be transcended (Yoga, Vedānta, Buddhist ethics); God’s wrath is righteous judicial response, not passion
22	devil / Satan	शैतानः	śaitānaḥ	High	Cost and Joy of Discipleship (temptation narrative)	मारः	मार names the Buddhist tempter of Siddhārtha Gautama, a structurally incompatible liberation-from-craving framework
23	cross	क्रूशः	krūśaḥ	High	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	शूलम्	शूल strongly evokes triśūla, Śiva’s iconic trident weapon; transliteration is the safe choice for so central a Christian symbol
24	Hades	हादेस्	hādes	Critical	(eschatology, background to Salvation doctrine)	नरकः, पातालम्	नरक names systematically catalogued karmic-punishment hells (Garuḍa Purāṇa); Hades is an intermediate holding-state before final resurrection/judgment, not a station in transmigration
25	paradise	पारदैसः	pāradaisaḥ	Critical	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	स्वर्गः	स्वर्ग is explicitly a temporary merit-based reward-realm per Bhagavad Gītā 9:21 (“kṣīṇe puṇye martyalokaṃ viśanti”); Christ’s promise is of permanent, grace-given presence to a man with no merit at all
26	eternal life	नित्यजीवनम्	nityajīvanam	High	The Kingdom of God Present and Future	अमृतत्वम्, मोक्षः	अमृतत्व is the specific Upaniṣadic goal of Self-knowledge (Bṛhadāraṇyaka Up. 1.3.28); eternal life is a relationship and gift received by faith, not a metaphysical Self-realization attainment
27	redemption	विमोचनम्	vimocanam	High	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	मुक्तिः	Must never drift toward मोक्ष/मुक्ति per baseline’s forbidden-substitution list for salvation-family terms
28	Ascension	स्वर्गारोहणम्	svargārohaṇam	High	The Kingdom of God Present and Future	—	Distinct from the Mahābhārata’s Svargārohaṇa Parva (the Pāṇḍavas’ merit-earned ascent to heaven); Christ’s ascension is the glorified return of the eternal, incarnate, risen Son, not a hero’s reward
29	”kingdom of God is within/among you”	युष्मन्मध्ये	yuṣmanmadhye	Critical	The Kingdom of God Present and Future	युष्मदन्तः	”Within you” (अन्तः) individually risks direct collision with Advaita’s ātman-immanence doctrine (the same mahāvākya structure flagged Critical for Holy Spirit); “among/in your midst” ties the kingdom’s presence to Jesus’s person, not a latent inner divine nature
30	”my spirit” (Christ’s own, at death)	प्राणान्	prāṇān	Critical	(safeguard note, Holy Spirit doctrine)	आत्मा, पवित्र आत्मा	Must never use पवित्र आत्मा (reserved exclusively for the Third Person) nor bare आत्मा (ātman-Brahman collision risk) for Christ’s own human spirit/breath at death; प्राण is the safe, doctrinally lighter term

B.4 — Prayer, Word, Covenant, and Worship

#	English	Sanskrit	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
31	prayer	प्रार्थना	prārthanā	Medium	Prayer and Dependence on God	—	Distinguish from Vedic ritual invocation (āhvāna/homa) requiring precise mantra performance for efficacy
32	word of God	परमेश्वरस्य वचनम्	parameśvarasya vacanam	High	(background to Scripture doctrine)	—	Risk of śabda-brahman collision (Mīmāṃsā’s eternal, uncreated Vedic sound-doctrine, cf. Bhartṛhari’s sphoṭa theory); God’s word here is a proclaimed historical message, not an eternal self-existent sound-principle
33	scripture	शास्त्रम्	śāstram	High	(per baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture doctrine)	धर्मशास्त्रम्	Reuses baseline doctrine-registry naming exactly; apauruṣeya-Veda contrast applies at every occurrence
34	synagogue	सभागृहम्	sabhāgṛham	Medium	(background)	मन्दिरम्, मठः	Must be kept distinct from temple (image-centered) and monastic maṭha (guru-lineage institution), both already rejected in baseline’s church entry
35	Sabbath	शब्बातदिनम्	śabbātadinam	Medium	(background)	एकादशी	Must not be equated with ekādaśī, a Vaiṣṇava lunar fasting-vow day; Sabbath is covenant memorial rest, not an abstention vow
36	fasting	उपवासः	upavāsaḥ	Medium-High	(background to Discipleship doctrine)	—	Must be distinguished from upavāsa as an independently merit-generating vrata; Jesus’s teaching concerns fitting response to his presence, not puṇya accumulation
37	hypocrisy	कपटम्	kapaṭam	High	(background to Repentance doctrine)	माया	माया names Advaita’s cosmic-illusion principle; hypocrisy is a person’s deliberate outward pretense, a wholly different category
38	new covenant	नवीना संविद्	navīnā saṃvid	High	(fulfills Davidic/new covenant promise, baseline)	—	Built on baseline’s संविद्; requires explicit “God’s own binding promise, now fulfilled in Christ” teaching
39	baptism	बाप्तिस्मः	bāptismaḥ	High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	दीक्षा, स्नानम्	दीक्षा imports guru-conferred lineage-initiation; स्नान imports ritual purificatory bathing (tīrtha-snāna) believed to remove sin through the act itself
40	anoint	अभिषिक्तः	abhiṣiktaḥ	High	(grounds Messiah/Christ title, core passage)	—	abhiṣeka usefully parallels royal/priestly consecration but must be taught as the unique, historically-fulfilled ground of Christ’s title, not a repeatable rite
41	worship (of the risen Christ)	नमस्कारः	namaskāraḥ	Medium	(post-resurrection worship)	पूजा	पूजा is the standard Hindu ritual image/deity-veneration term; usable as a bridge but requires careful monotheistic framing per baseline’s “god” entry logic

B.5 — Miscellaneous Narrative and Descriptive Terms

#	English	Sanskrit	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
42	Savior (agent noun)	त्राता	trātā	Critical	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	—	Agent-noun extension of baseline’s त्राणम् (√trā); never a मोक्ष/मुक्ति-family agent noun
43	joy	हर्षः	harṣaḥ	High	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	आनन्दः	आनन्द names Brahman’s own blissful nature in सच्चिदानन्द (Taittirīya Up. 2.1, 3.6.1); believer’s/heaven’s joy must not be conflated with Brahman’s metaphysical nature
44	demon / unclean spirit	भूतः	bhūtaḥ	High	(background)	दुष्टात्मा	Deliberately avoids any आत्मा-rooted compound, per baseline’s rule against reinforcing ātman-Brahman readings anywhere “spirit” language occurs
45	raised (temporary resuscitation)	पुनर्जीवनम्	punarjīvanam	High	(safeguard, resurrection doctrine)	पुनरुत्थानम्, पुनर्जन्म	Distinct from both the reserved Critical पुनरुत्थानम् (final resurrection) and the forbidden पुनर्जन्म (rebirth/transmigration); names only a temporary revivification to mortal life
46	mammon	मम्मोनः	mammonaḥ	Medium	(background to Discipleship doctrine)	धनम्	Transliteration (cf. अब्बा, बाप्तिस्मः) preserves the personified “rival master” force lost in plain धनम्
47	good will / favor (εὐδοκία)	प्रसन्नता	prasannatā	Medium	(background)	—	Related to but distinct from अनुग्रहः; do not collapse the two
48	revelation	प्रकटीकरणम्	prakaṭīkaraṇam	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	—	Pairs with baseline’s REUSE अन्यजातीयाः in “light for revelation to the Gentiles”
49	authority	अधिकारः	adhikāraḥ	Medium-High	(background)	—	Must be distinguished from ritual/priestly authority derived from varṇa-based competence or lineage; Jesus’s authority is inherent to his person
50	Samaritan	सामरितीयः	sāmaritīyaḥ	Low-Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People	—	Proper ethnonym; transliterated per baseline proper-noun convention

Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2

Fixed-rendering consistency required (per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s “Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents”): Luke 4:18 (core passage), Luke 18:14 (justification), Luke 19:10 (seek and save the lost), Luke 23:43 (paradise), and Luke 24:47 (Great Commission) should each receive the same fixed-rendering treatment already mandated for Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10.
Every occurrence of पवित्र आत्मा in Luke (exceptionally dense in chs. 1-4, 10-12, 24) carries the baseline’s mandatory personhood note.
Every occurrence of देहधारणम्-adjacent birth narrative material (chs. 1-2) and every occurrence of अवतार-risk vocabulary (none should ever appear) must carry the Gītā 4:7-8 contrast note.
New Critical terms requiring mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence: मनुष्यपुत्रः, दाविदस्य पुत्रः, कुमारी, हादेस्, पारदैसः, पवित्रात्मनिन्दा, युष्मन्मध्ये (kingdom within/among), प्राणान् (Luke 23:46), त्राता, स्वर्गारोहणम् (High, borderline Critical given the epic-parallel risk).
This glossary should be merged into translation_memory.json as version increment, with each Section B entry added under its English key, and all Critical/High entries flagged for theologian review before Phase 2 segment translation begins.

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:6,75 (Zechariah/Elizabeth’s covenant piety); 23:47 (centurion’s confession, ‘certainly this man was righteous/innocent’ — रendered धार्मिकः). Mandatory explicit redefinition at every occurrence retained.

Justification

Approved rendering: धर्मीति निर्णयः
Transliteration: dharmīti nirṇayaḥ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा, पुण्यार्जनम्
Original: δικαιωθεὶς (δικαιόω)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 18:14 (‘this man went down to his house justified’) is the Gospel’s single clearest narrative anchor for this doctrine; MUST use this identical compound for cross-curriculum consistency with Romans.

Salvation

Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:69,71,77 (Benedictus); 19:9 (Zacchaeus); repeated verb-forms (‘your faith has saved you,’ 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42). NEVER मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, or निर्वाणम्.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थानम्
Transliteration: punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Dense in Luke 20:27-40 (Sadducee debate, argued directly) and ch. 24 throughout. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. See also the new safeguard term raised_temporary_revivification for the widow’s son (7:14-15) and Jairus’s daughter (8:54-55), which must never be confused with this term.

Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 2:11 (‘Christ the Lord’ — compounding two Critical terms); 20:41-44 (Psalm 110 citation); 24:34. NEVER ईश्वरः.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः
Transliteration: parameśvarasya putraḥ
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरांशः, देवपुरुषः
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:35; 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70. Must be kept sharply distinct from the derived, non-exclusive sonship of resurrected believers (20:36, rendered with adoption’s putratvena svīkaraṇam, not this term).

Incarnation

Approved rendering: देहधारणम्
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇam
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतारः
Original: (theological name for) ἐγένετο ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Governs Luke 1-2’s birth narrative, a far larger narrative volume than Romans’ brief incarnation references. NEVER अवतारः; every occurrence must reference Bhagavad Gītā 4:7-8.

Messiah

Approved rendering: मसीहः
Transliteration: masīhaḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अवतारपुरुषः
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46. Never assimilated to the still-awaited Kalki within Viṣṇu’s daśāvatāra sequence.

Jesus

Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout Luke.

God

Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Bare सर्वेश्वरः; compounds with परमेश्वर (e.g. परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः, परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्). Used throughout Luke.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, WITH A LUKE-SPECIFIC ESCALATION: exceptionally dense in Luke (1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49) — far exceeding Romans’ occurrence density. Per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md Part 1.2, the mandatory personhood note must be applied at EVERY occurrence in Luke, not merely at first occurrence per document. Also grounds the new Critical term blasphemy_against_holy_spirit (12:10) and the safeguard term spirit_of_christ_at_death (23:46, which must NEVER use this term).

Father

Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke ch.11 (Lord’s Prayer), ch.15 (prodigal), 23:34,46. Never ब्रह्मा or प्रजापतिः.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: आरोपिता धार्मिकता
Transliteration: āropitā dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: अर्जिता धार्मिकता

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not attested as the specific Genesis 15:6 citation formula in Luke, though thematically adjacent to the justified tax collector of 18:14; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.

Savior

Approved rendering: त्राता
Transliteration: trātā
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिदाता
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation

New term. Agent-noun extension of the baseline त्राणम् root (√trā). Luke 1:47 (Mary’s own Savior) and programmatically at 2:11 (‘a Savior is born’); also grounds 19:9-10 (Zacchaeus). Never a मोक्ष/मुक्ति-family agent noun; त्राता preserves the rescue-by-another sense exactly. Must always be paired with त्राणम् in the same passage/footnote to reinforce this.

Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्रात्मनिन्दा
Transliteration: pavitrātmanindā
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God

New term, Luke 12:10 — the sole occurrence of this doctrine in the entire book. Directly engages the single highest-stakes doctrine in the whole Language Package (Holy Spirit personhood, ātman-Brahman collision risk). Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, no exception.

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: मनुष्यपुत्रः
Transliteration: manuṣyaputraḥ
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

New term. Luke 5:24; 9:22,26,44,58; 12:8,40; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 — one of the most frequent Critical terms in the whole curriculum. Combines Ezekiel’s ordinary-humanity sense with Daniel 7:13-14’s divine-authority-to-judge sense; risk of under-translation toward ‘merely a human being,’ losing the Daniel 7 authority claim; must be taught with explicit background reference, like देहधारणम्, at first occurrence and reinforced at every doctrinally load-bearing recurrence.

Son Of David

Approved rendering: दाविदस्य पुत्रः
Transliteration: dāvidasya putraḥ
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology

New term. Luke 18:38-39 (blind beggar’s cry). Distinct in construction from the baseline’s seed_of_david (दाविदः वंशात्, a lineage-descent phrase); this is a direct royal-messianic title of address, requiring the same doctrinal weight as मसीहः.

Virgin

Approved rendering: कुमारी
Transliteration: kumārī
Doctrine: Virgin Birth
Rejected alternatives: कन्या
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology

New term. Luke 1:27,34. कुमारी is also a specific cultic title (Kumārī Devī, the living-goddess cult of Nepalese/Newar Śākta-influenced tradition, in which young girls are venerated as living manifestations of the Goddess). Every occurrence must carry a note that Mary is fully human, chosen as the vessel of the Incarnation, and is never herself an object of worship or a goddess-manifestation. कन्या rejected as under-specifying virginity where the virginal conception is precisely the point at issue.

Hades

Approved rendering: हादेस्
Transliteration: hādes
Doctrine: The Intermediate State After Death
Rejected alternatives: नरकः, पातालम्
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology

New term. Luke 10:15; 16:23. Explicitly rejects नरकः, the Purāṇic term for systematically catalogued karmic-punishment hells (Garuḍa Purāṇa) prior to further rebirth, and पातालम् (the seven Purāṇic nāga-inhabited netherworlds). Hades is an intermediate holding-state before final resurrection/judgment, not a station within an ongoing transmigration cycle.

Paradise

Approved rendering: पारदैसः
Transliteration: pāradaisaḥ
Doctrine: The Intermediate State After Death
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्गः
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology

New term. Luke 23:43 (the penitent thief). स्वर्गः is explicitly rejected: Bhagavad Gītā 9:21 describes svarga as a temporary merit-based reward-realm exhausted when accumulated puṇya runs out (‘kṣīṇe puṇye martyalokaṃ viśanti’); Christ’s promise is the theological opposite, granted by grace to a man with no merit at all.

Kingdom Within Among

Approved rendering: युष्मन्मध्ये
Transliteration: yuṣmanmadhye
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: युष्मदन्तः
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 17:20-21 — the sole occurrence of this specific doctrine in the entire book, but ranked among the highest-priority single-verse translation decisions in the whole curriculum. Rendering ‘within you’ individually (युष्मदन्तः) risks direct collision with Advaita Vedānta’s core immanence claim that the divine (Brahman/ātman) is already, inherently present within the self, to be realized rather than received — the same mahāvākya structure flagged Critical for the Holy Spirit entry. The corporate rendering ties the kingdom’s presence to Jesus’s own person and ministry, not a latent inner divine nature.

Spirit Of Christ At Death

Approved rendering: प्राणान्
Transliteration: prāṇān
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा, पवित्र आत्मा
Original: τὸ πνεῦμά μου
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 23:46 (‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit’). Must NEVER be rendered with पवित्र आत्मा (reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit) nor with bare आत्मा, which risks the ātman-Brahman collision flagged throughout this package even in a non-Trinitarian context. प्राणः (‘breath/life-breath’) is the doctrinally lighter, safe term for Christ’s own human spirit at death.

Fulfilled

Approved rendering: पूर्णा जाता / सिद्धा
Transliteration: pūrṇā jātā / siddhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: πεπλήρωται (πληρόω)
Category: Scripture

New term, Luke 4:21 — the core passage’s climactic word, and among the highest-priority fixed-rendering items in this whole curriculum. Jesus’s direct self-declaration that Isaiah’s Jubilee prophecy is fulfilled in his own person, in that moment. Must never be softened to a merely devotional or homiletical remark.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: सुसमाचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraḥ
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: शुभवार्ता
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Luke this term first appears programmatically at 4:18 (Jesus’s Nazareth manifesto, the core passage) and recurs at 4:43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 20:1. Must convey an authoritative announcement of a historically accomplished act, not a śāstra among the darśanas.

Grace

Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:30 (Mary ‘found favor’), 2:40,52; 4:22 (‘words of grace’). Also the semantic foundation for the new Jubilee term jubilee_year_of_the_lords_favor (4:19); must contrast with karmaphala and prasāda’s ritual offering-and-return structure.

Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Dense in Luke’s healing narratives (5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:19; 18:8,42) and 22:32 (Peter’s faith). Never श्रद्धा (Gītā 17’s guṇa-classified threefold term) or भक्तिः (a named soteriological mārga).

Called

Approved rendering: आहूतः
Transliteration: āhūtaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रितः
Original: καλέω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 5:32, Jesus’s call of sinners to repentance; also underlies the calling of the fishermen (5:1-11) and Levi (5:27-28).

Calling

Approved rendering: आह्वानम्
Transliteration: āhvānam
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रणम्
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retains the Vedic āhvāna caution: God’s initiative reverses the ordinary human-to-deity ritual-invocation direction.

Holy

Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied in Luke to the Spirit, to Jesus (‘Holy One of God,’ 4:34), to the covenant (1:72), and to the prophets (1:70).

Saints

Approved rendering: पवित्राः जनाः
Transliteration: pavitrāḥ janāḥ
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ऋषयः, संन्यासिनः

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly attested as a corporate noun in Luke’s Gospel narrative; retained for cross-curriculum consistency (see analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md Part 3).

Sanctification

Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly attested as an abstract noun in Luke; sanctifying transformation is narratively depicted (Zacchaeus, the sinful woman) rather than named abstractly. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency.

Adoption

Approved rendering: पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम्
Transliteration: putratvena svīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: दत्तकग्रहणम्
Original: υἱοθεσία / υἱοὶ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 20:36 (‘sons of the resurrection… sons of God’) applies this to resurrected believers; must be kept sharply distinct from the Critical, exclusive परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः reserved for Christ’s unique divine Sonship.

Law

Approved rendering: विधिः
Transliteration: vidhiḥ
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, धर्मशास्त्रम्
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 2:22-27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44. NEVER धर्मः or धर्मशास्त्रम् bare.

Sin

Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pervasive throughout Luke; foundational to the new terms sinner, repentance, forgiveness_of_sins, and debt_as_sin.

Glory

Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 2:9,14,32; 9:26,31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 21:27; 24:26.

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वासस्य आज्ञापालनम्
Transliteration: viśvāsasya ājñāpālanam
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धर्माचरणम्

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not attested as a fixed phrase in Luke, though thematically present (e.g. the centurion, 7:1-10); retained for cross-curriculum consistency.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्तिः
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exceptionally dense in Luke: 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 22:69; 24:49. NEVER शक्तिः.

Covenant

Approved rendering: संविद्
Transliteration: saṃvid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: वाचा, नियमः
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:72 (‘his holy covenant’). See also new term new_covenant for 22:20’s specific fulfillment in Christ’s blood.

Election

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya varaṇam
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Original: ἐκλέγομαι / ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 9:35 (‘the Chosen One,’ वरितः, uniquely of Christ himself); also 18:7, 23:35. Never भाग्यम्/दैवम्.

Providence

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vidhānam
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्, कर्मफलम्
Original: πρόνοια (thematic)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 12:6-7 (sparrows); 21:18 (not a hair perishes). Never karmaphala or daiva/puruṣakāra fatalism.

Abba

Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, WITH A LUKE-SPECIFIC CAUTION: NOT attested in Luke’s Gospel text. Luke’s Gethsemane account (22:42) uses Greek πάτερ alone, not the Aramaic Ἀββά found in Mark 14:36/Romans 8:15. Do NOT introduce अब्बा into Luke translations where the source text reads only πάτερ; retained in this glossary only for cross-curriculum consistency.

Seed Of David

Approved rendering: दाविदः वंशात्
Transliteration: dāvidaḥ vaṃśāt
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ (thematic)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background to the genealogy (ch. 3); distinct in construction from the new Luke title son_of_david (दाविदस्य पुत्रः), a direct address-title, not a lineage-descent phrase.

Repentance

Approved rendering: मनःपरिवर्तनम्
Transliteration: manaḥparivartanam
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित्तम्
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance

New term. Luke 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 24:47. Never प्रायश्चित्तम् (Manusmṛti 11’s catalogued ritual penances for specific sins); a reoriented heart trusting God’s mercy, not ritual expiation.

Forgiveness Of Sins

Approved rendering: क्षमा
Transliteration: kṣamā
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance

New term. Luke 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-48; 17:3-4; 24:47. Shares the Greek ἄφεσις root with release_captives; this wordplay is largely lost in Sanskrit and must be footnoted at 4:18. Also functions as an ordinary ethical virtue-word (patience/forbearance); mark grammatically/contextually to preserve God/Christ as agent, not merely a disposition of the sinner.

Sinner

Approved rendering: पापी / पापिनी
Transliteration: pāpī / pāpinī
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Compassion

New term (m. पापी, f. पापिनी). Luke 5:8,30,32; 7:37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7. Must not collapse into a ritually-impure/outcaste social designation (cf. caṇḍāla); a moral-relational category Jesus deliberately crosses.

Release Captives

Approved rendering: बन्दिमोक्षः
Transliteration: bandimokṣaḥ
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: विमुक्तिः
Original: ἄφεσις (αἰχμαλώτοις)
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 4:18 (core passage). Names ordinary ‘release from bondage,’ NEVER the theorized fourth puruṣārtha. This is the sole term in the entire Luke curriculum where a मोक्ष-root is deliberately retained rather than avoided; requires a mandatory disambiguating note at every occurrence, especially given this occurs at the curriculum’s own theological anchor verse. The single highest-priority footnoting discipline item in this glossary.

Debt As Sin

Approved rendering: ऋणम्
Transliteration: ṛṇam
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ὀφείλημα
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 11:4 (Lord’s Prayer). Echoes but must be distinguished from the Vedic ‘three debts’ (deva-ṛṇa, ṛṣi-ṛṇa, pitṛ-ṛṇa; Taittirīya Saṃhitā, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa) discharged through ritual/progeny/study; God’s forgiveness cancels the debt as an act of grace (अनुग्रहः), not ritual/generational discharge.

Poor

Approved rendering: दरिद्रः
Transliteration: daridraḥ
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: निर्धनः
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poverty

New term. Luke 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:19-31; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3. Present poverty must not be read as karmaphala, the just and automatic fruit of a person’s own past karma; the gospel’s declaration to the poor directly challenges that framework.

Compassion

Approved rendering: करुणा
Transliteration: karuṇā
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion

New term. Luke 7:13 (widow of Nain); 15:20 (the running father). Distinguish from Buddhist brahmavihāra karuṇā (impartial, insight-based, arising from no-self doctrine) and from karuṇa-rasa, a classical aesthetic sentiment catalogued in the Nāṭyaśāstra; Jesus’s compassion is personal, embodied, directed at specific sufferers.

Table Fellowship

Approved rendering: सहभोजनम्
Transliteration: sahabhojanam
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: συνανάκειμαι / κατάκειμαι
Category: Compassion

New term. Luke 5:29-30; 7:36-50; 15:1-2; 19:5-7. Direct collision with dharmaśāstra’s inter-dining/commensality restrictions across varṇa/jāti; must not be softened. This is not a lexical gap but a doctrinal confrontation the text itself intends.

Love Agape

Approved rendering: स्नेहः
Transliteration: snehaḥ
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: प्रेम, अनुरागः
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Discipleship

New term. Luke 6:27,32,35; 7:47. Deliberately avoids प्रेम, the summit technical term of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava prema-bhakti theology (Caitanya tradition); स्नेहः is the least philosophically-encumbered available term, per the same principle applied to विश्वासः over श्रद्धा/भक्तिः. Footnote at 6:27-36 that love-of-enemies exceeds स्नेहः’s ordinary affectionate register.

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: कोपः
Transliteration: kopaḥ
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: क्रोधः
Original: ὀργή
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 3:7 (‘the wrath to come’). Must be distinguished from anger as a kleśa/defect to be transcended, a live concern across Yoga, Vedānta, and Buddhist ethics, where anger/dveṣa is classed among the impurities blocking liberation; God’s wrath is righteous judicial response to sin, not an uncontrolled passion.

Devil Satan

Approved rendering: शैतानः
Transliteration: śaitānaḥ
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: मारः
Original: διάβολος / Σατανᾶς
Category: Discipleship

New term. Luke 4:2-13; 10:18; 11:18; 13:16; 22:3,31. Explicitly rejects मारः, the Buddhist tempter of Siddhārtha Gautama (Buddhacarita, Lalitavistara), whose narrative operates within a liberation-from-craving soteriology structurally incompatible with a personal-fallen-being-versus-obedience-to-Scripture framework.

Cross

Approved rendering: क्रूशः
Transliteration: krūśaḥ
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: शूलम्
Original: σταυρός / σταυρόω
Category: Discipleship

New term. Luke 9:23; 14:27; 23:26-33. Deliberately avoids शूलम्, which strongly evokes triśūla, Śiva’s iconic trident weapon; transliteration is the safest choice for so central a Christian symbol.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: नित्यजीवनम्
Transliteration: nityajīvanam
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: अमृतत्वम्, मोक्षः
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Kingdom

New term. Luke 10:25; 18:18,30; 20:34-36. Kept distinct from मोक्षः (liberation from saṃsāra) and from अमृतत्वम् (amṛtatva), the specific Upaniṣadic goal of Self-knowledge (Bṛhadāraṇyaka Up. 1.3.28); eternal life is a relationship and gift received by faith, not a metaphysical Self-realization attainment.

Redemption

Approved rendering: विमोचनम्
Transliteration: vimocanam
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिः
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation

New term. Luke 2:38 (Anna, ‘redemption of Jerusalem’); 21:28 (‘your redemption draws near’). Must never drift toward मोक्ष/मुक्ति per the baseline’s forbidden-substitution list for salvation-family terms.

Ascension

Approved rendering: स्वर्गारोहणम्
Transliteration: svargārohaṇam
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἀνελήμφθη εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 24:50-53. Must be distinguished from the Mahābhārata’s Svargārohaṇa Parva (the Pāṇḍavas’ merit-earned ascent to heaven); Christ’s ascension is the glorified return of the eternal, incarnate, risen Son, not a hero’s reward earned by accumulated dharma.

Word Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वचनम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vacanam
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: वाचा
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture

New term. Luke 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28. Risk of śabda-brahman collision (Mīmāṃsā’s eternal, uncreated Vedic sound-doctrine, cf. Bhartṛhari’s sphoṭa theory); must be taught as a proclaimed historical message, not an eternal self-existent sound-principle.

Scripture

Approved rendering: शास्त्रम्
Transliteration: śāstram
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: धर्मशास्त्रम्
Original: ἡ γραφή / αἱ γραφαί
Category: Scripture

New term. Luke 4:21 (core passage); 24:27,32,45. The apauruṣeya-Veda contrast (Mīmāṃsā’s theory of an authorless, eternal, merely-‘seen’ scripture, versus a personal God’s historically-situated written message) applies at every occurrence.

Today Fulfillment Marker

Approved rendering: अद्य
Transliteration: adya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: σήμερον
Category: Scripture

New term. Luke 4:21 (core passage); 2:11; 19:9; 23:43. A signature Lukan marker of the immediacy of God’s saving action breaking into history; reinforces the linear-fulfillment-vs-cyclical-yuga contrast flagged Critical in the baseline’s Incarnation and Fulfillment of Prophecy entries (Bhagavad Gītā 4:7-8’s four-yuga cycle).

Jubilee Year Of The Lords Favor

Approved rendering: प्रभोः अनुग्रहवत्सरः
Transliteration: prabhoḥ anugrahavatsaraḥ
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 4:19 (core passage). Built directly on the baseline’s अनुग्रहः so the Jubilee is heard as an era defined by unmerited divine favor, not automatic karmaphala or ritual-merit cycles; no classical Indian institution parallels a periodic universal debt/slavery release tied to divine favor. Requires explicit background teaching.

Anoint

Approved rendering: अभिषिक्तः
Transliteration: abhiṣiktaḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: χρίω / ἔχρισέν
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 4:18 (core passage). abhiṣeka usefully parallels royal/priestly consecration (rājyābhiṣeka) but must be taught as the unique, historically-fulfilled ground of Christ’s title ‘the Anointed One,’ not a repeatable rite available to any king or priest.

Hypocrisy

Approved rendering: कपटम्
Transliteration: kapaṭam
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: माया
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 11:39-44; 12:56; 13:15. Explicitly rejects माया, the load-bearing Advaita term for the cosmic principle of illusion/appearance (the very structure of phenomenal reality under nirguṇa Brahman) — a categorically different concept from a person’s deliberate outward pretense.

New Covenant

Approved rendering: नवीना संविद्
Transliteration: navīnā saṃvid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

New term, Luke 22:20. Built directly on the baseline’s संविद्; requires the same explicit ‘God’s own binding promise’ teaching, now specifically fulfilled and inaugurated in Christ’s atoning death, per Jeremiah 31:31-34.

Baptism

Approved rendering: बाप्तिस्मः
Transliteration: bāptismaḥ
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: दीक्षा, स्नानम्
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50; 20:4. Rejects दीक्षा (guru-conferred lineage-initiation) and स्नानम् (ritual purificatory bathing believed to remove sin through the act itself, e.g. tīrtha-snāna). Transliteration avoids both frameworks.

The Lost

Approved rendering: नष्टः
Transliteration: naṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: τὸ ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation

New term. Luke 15:4,6,24,32; 19:10 (‘to seek and to save the lost’ — Luke’s programmatic summary of the Son of Man’s whole mission, combining this term with son_of_man and savior/त्राणम्-family vocabulary).

Demon

Approved rendering: भूतः
Transliteration: bhūtaḥ
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: दुष्टात्मा
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Background

New term, Luke 4:33,35,41; 8:2,27-33; 9:1,42; 11:14-20. Deliberately avoids any आत्मा-rooted compound (e.g. दुष्टात्मा), per the baseline’s rule that ‘spirit’ language elsewhere must never reinforce an ātman-Brahman reading.

Raised Temporary Revivification

Approved rendering: पुनर्जीवनम्
Transliteration: punarjīvanam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनरुत्थानम्, पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἐγείρω (of the widow’s son, Jairus’s daughter)
Category: Eschatology

New term, Luke 7:14-15 (widow’s son); 8:54-55 (Jairus’s daughter). Distinct from both the reserved Critical पुनरुत्थानम् (final resurrection) and the forbidden पुनर्जन्म (rebirth/transmigration); names only a temporary revivification to mortal life. Never substitute either forbidden/reserved term for this one.

Joy

Approved rendering: हर्षः
Transliteration: harṣaḥ
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: आनन्दः
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 1:14,44; 2:10; 10:17,21; 15:7,10; 24:52. Deliberately avoids आनन्दः, which names Brahman’s own essential blissful nature in सच्चिदानन्द (Taittirīya Up. 2.1, 3.6.1); believer’s/heaven’s joy must not be conflated with Brahman’s metaphysical nature.

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10.

Peace

Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:79; 2:14; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36.

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: आत्मिकं वरदानम्
Transliteration: ātmikaṃ varadānam
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदानम्, सिद्धिः

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not attested in Luke’s Gospel narrative (a Pauline/ecclesial term); retained for cross-curriculum consistency.

Church

Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Does not occur in Luke’s Gospel (it appears in Acts, Luke’s second volume); retained for cross-curriculum consistency.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya rājyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pervasive across Luke (30+ occurrences). See new Critical term kingdom_within_among for the sharpest single sub-passage (17:20-21).

Gentiles

Approved rendering: अन्यजातीयाः
Transliteration: anyajātīyāḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: म्लेच्छाः
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 2:32; 21:24; 24:47. NEVER म्लेच्छाः.

Intercession

Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: δέομαι / ἔντευξις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 22:32 (Jesus’s intercession for Peter); 23:34 (from the cross, for his executioners).

Mission

Approved rendering: सुसमाचारप्रचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraprachāraḥ
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 9-10 (sending of the Twelve and the Seventy); 24:47-49 (Great Commission).

David

Approved rendering: दाविद्
Transliteration: dāvid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαβίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Genealogy (chs. 1-3), 18:38-39, 20:41-44.

Israel

Approved rendering: इस्राएलः
Transliteration: isrāelaḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 24:21.

Tax Collector

Approved rendering: करसंग्राहकः
Transliteration: karasaṃgrāhakaḥ
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion

New term. Luke 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2. Plain descriptive compound; doctrinal weight carried by the accompanying social-stigma note, not the word itself.

Mercy

Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἔλεος / οἰκτίρμων
Category: Compassion

New term. Luke 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 18:38-39. Complementary to करुणा; God’s merciful disposition, to be imitated by disciples.

Disciple

Approved rendering: अनुयायी
Transliteration: anuyāyī
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: शिष्यः
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship

New term. Pervasive throughout Luke. Deliberately prefers ‘follower’ over शिष्यः, which imports the guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage-transmission framework; discipleship of Jesus is direct relationship with the living, resurrected Lord, not chain-transmitted teaching authority.

Blessed

Approved rendering: धन्यः
Transliteration: dhanyaḥ
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: μακάριος
Category: Poverty

New term. Luke 6:20-22; 1:45; 11:28; 14:14-15. Must not collapse into भाग्यम्/दैवम् (fortune/fate), already rejected in the baseline’s election/providence entries; a divine performative pronouncement of favor, not an observation of good fortune.

Humility

Approved rendering: नम्रता / दीनता
Transliteration: namratā / dīnatā
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ταπείνωσις / ταπεινός / ταπεινόω
Category: Discipleship

New term. Luke 1:48,52; 14:11; 18:14. Establishes a recurring Lukan reversal-motif (the Great Reversal) rendered consistently across these passages.

Neighbor

Approved rendering: समीपस्थः
Transliteration: samīpasthaḥ
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: बन्धुः
Original: πλησίον
Category: Kingdom

New term. Luke 10:27,29,36 (Good Samaritan). Must not imply restriction to one’s own community/jāti, paralleling the specific in-group obligations articulated for one’s own varṇa in dharmaśāstra; the parable’s entire point is to subvert exactly this boundary.

Most High

Approved rendering: परमः
Transliteration: paramaḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὕψιστος
Category: God

New term. Luke 1:32,35,76; 6:35. Used attributively with परमेश्वर. Inherited residual risk since Parameśvara is also a common Śaiva epithet for Śiva — a pre-existing baseline convention, flagged here for its unusually high frequency in Luke’s infancy narrative.

Prayer

Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer

New term. Luke 11:1-13 (Lord’s Prayer); 18:1-14; 22:39-46 (Gethsemane). Distinguish from Vedic ritual invocation (āhvāna, homa) requiring precise mantra performance for efficacy. Gethsemane’s ‘not my will but yours’ (22:42) must be escalated for theologian awareness despite the doctrine’s overall Medium tier, to avoid flattening Christ’s genuine human volition.

Written It Stands Written

Approved rendering: लिखितम्
Transliteration: likhitam
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Original: γεγραμμένον / γέγραπται
Category: Scripture

New term. Luke 4:4,8,10,17 (core passage); 24:46. Connects to the inspiration_of_scripture doctrine: a personal God’s message committed to writing by a human author at a specific point in history, unlike the apauruṣeya, eternally-existent Veda.

Recovery Of Sight

Approved rendering: दृष्टिप्रदानम्
Transliteration: dṛṣṭipradānam
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάβλεψις (τυφλοῖς)
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 4:18 (core passage); 18:35-43; cf. 24:16,31 (recognition of the risen Christ). Flag the dual literal (physical healing)/figurative (spiritual blindness/sight motif) resonance.

Synagogue

Approved rendering: सभागृहम्
Transliteration: sabhāgṛham
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law Fulfilled, Not Abolished
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Background

New term, Luke 4:16,20,28,33,38 (core passage vicinity); 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10. Must be kept distinct from मन्दिरम् (image-centered temple) and मठः (guru-lineage monastic institution), both already rejected in the baseline’s church entry.

Sabbath

Approved rendering: शब्बातदिनम्
Transliteration: śabbātadinam
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law Fulfilled, Not Abolished
Rejected alternatives: एकादशी
Original: σάββατον
Category: Background

New term, Luke 4:16 (core passage); 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; 23:56. Must not be equated with ekādaśī, the Vaiṣṇava lunar fasting-vow day; a covenant memorial of rest and creation, not an abstention vow.

Fasting

Approved rendering: उपवासः
Transliteration: upavāsaḥ
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: νηστεία
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 5:33-35; 18:12. upavāsa is a major, systematically theorized Hindu/Jain vrata category generating its own merit (puṇya); Jesus’s teaching concerns fitting response to his presence, not merit accumulation.

Cleansing

Approved rendering: शुद्धः
Transliteration: śuddhaḥ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification

New term, Luke 4:27; 5:12-14; 7:22; 17:14-17. Ritual-purity overlap with the baseline’s holy/sanctification cautions; must not collapse into a purely ritual-mechanical purification separate from Jesus’s personal compassionate act.

Temptation

Approved rendering: परीक्षा / प्रलोभनम्
Transliteration: parīkṣā / pralobhanam
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: πειράζω / πειρασμός
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 4:2,13; 8:13; 11:4; 22:40,46. Real moral testing overcome by Scripture-obedience, not meditative detachment.

Mammon

Approved rendering: मम्मोनः
Transliteration: mammonaḥ
Doctrine: Wealth, Mammon, and the Demands of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: धनम्
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 16:9,11,13. Transliteration (cf. अब्बा, बाप्तिस्मः) preserves the personified ‘rival master’ force plain धनम् would lose.

Good Will Favor

Approved rendering: प्रसन्नता
Transliteration: prasannatā
Doctrine: Grace
Original: εὐδοκία
Category: God

New term, Luke 2:14; 12:32. Related to but distinct from अनुग्रहः; must not be collapsed into it without distinction.

Revelation To Gentiles

Approved rendering: प्रकटीकरणम्
Transliteration: prakaṭīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: ἀποκάλυψις (ἐθνῶν)
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 2:32 (‘a light for revelation to the Gentiles’). Pairs with the baseline’s अन्यजातीयाः.

Authority

Approved rendering: अधिकारः
Transliteration: adhikāraḥ
Doctrine: Son of Man
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2,8. Must be distinguished from ritual/priestly authority derived from varṇa-based Brahminical ritual competence or lineage transmission; Jesus’s authority is inherent to his person.

Worship Of Christ

Approved rendering: नमस्कारः
Transliteration: namaskāraḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 24:52. नमस्कारः (‘reverent homage’) is preferred over पूजा, the standard Hindu ritual image/deity-veneration term, which requires very careful monotheistic framing to avoid the ‘one god among many’ reading the baseline’s god entry works to close off.

Breaking Of Bread

Approved rendering: रोटीभञ्जनम्
Transliteration: roṭībhañjanam
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 24:30,35. Thematic continuity with the whole Gospel’s table-fellowship motif (chs. 5, 15, 19, 22).

Flesh And Bones

Approved rendering: मांसानि अस्थीनि च
Transliteration: māṃsāni asthīni ca
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: σάρξ καὶ ὀστέα
Category: Eschatology

New term, Luke 24:39. An important safeguard text for the Critical resurrection doctrine against any subtle-body (liṅga-śarīra) or ghostly-apparition misreading.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: धन्यवादः
Transliteration: dhanyavādaḥ
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke 17:16 (healed Samaritan leper); 22:17,19 (Last Supper).

Fellowship

Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: सत्सङ्गः
Original: κοινωνία (thematic)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Thematic background to Luke’s table-fellowship material rather than a lexical occurrence; compare new term table_fellowship.

Prophet

Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ऋषिः
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to John, Jesus, Anna, and ‘the Law and the Prophets’ throughout Luke.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background to Luke’s fulfillment-citation structure throughout, esp. the core passage 4:16-21.

Exhort

Approved rendering: उत्तेजनम्
Transliteration: uttejanam
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occasional occurrences throughout Luke.

Nazareth

Approved rendering: नासरत्
Transliteration: nāsarat
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: Ναζαρά / Ναζαρέτ
Category: Background

New proper name, Luke 4:16 (core passage). Jesus’s hometown; grounds the incarnation in a real, obscure, unremarkable place.

Samaritan

Approved rendering: सामरितीयः
Transliteration: sāmaritīyaḥ
Doctrine: Inclusion of Jew, Gentile, and Social Outcast
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Church

New proper ethnonym, Luke 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16. Transliterated per the baseline’s proper-noun convention.

Referenced passages

LUK.9.22 LUK.18.33 LUK.20.27-40 LUK.24.1-49 LUK.2.11 LUK.6.46 LUK.20.41-44 LUK.24.34 LUK.1.32 LUK.3.22 LUK.9.35 LUK.22.70 LUK.1.26-38 LUK.2.1-20 LUK.3.15 LUK.4.16-21 LUK.7.19-23 LUK.9.20 LUK.5.20-24 LUK.7.50 LUK.18.9-14 LUK.1.15 LUK.2.25-27 LUK.10.21 LUK.11.13 LUK.24.49 LUK.4.43 LUK.10.9-11 LUK.11.20 LUK.17.20-21 LUK.19.11 LUK.21.1-36 LUK.22.16-18 LUK.4.18 LUK.7.22 LUK.8.1 LUK.9.6 LUK.20.1 LUK.1.30 LUK.4.22 LUK.5.20 LUK.17.19 LUK.22.32 LUK.5.1-11 LUK.6.12-16 LUK.10.1-12 LUK.1.32-33 LUK.3.31 LUK.18.38-39 LUK.3.3 LUK.7.47-48 LUK.15.1-32 LUK.17.3-4 LUK.24.47 LUK.5.29-32 LUK.7.36-50 LUK.19.1-10 LUK.6.20-23 LUK.16.19-31 LUK.9.23-25 LUK.14.25-33 LUK.18.28-30 LUK.24.52 LUK.6.13 LUK.22.14 LUK.24.9-10 LUK.9.1-6 LUK.24.47-49 LUK.11.1-13 LUK.18.1-14 LUK.22.39-46 LUK.4.16 LUK.6.1-11 LUK.13.10-17 LUK.14.1-6 LUK.16.16-17 LUK.24.44 LUK.12.13-21 LUK.18.18-30 LUK.5.24 LUK.19.10 LUK.24.7 LUK.4.25-27 LUK.7.1-10 LUK.10.25-37 LUK.17.11-19

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