Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis: Acts 1–28 (English → Sanskrit)
Methodology
This document catalogs every Old Testament quotation and clear allusion in every chapter of Acts, all messianic references, the book’s major typological patterns, and points of contact with the Romans curriculum already governed by the baseline Language Package. It extends, and never contradicts, 07_semantic_analysis.md and 08_core_glossary.md. Citations follow the baseline’s normalizable convention: Book Chapter:Verse, Arabic numerals, standard English book names for internal working documents (Sanskrit book-name forms are supplied separately in Section A and used only in the destination-language output layer, per the baseline’s Cross-Reference Preservation Rules).
Where a quotation or theme also appears in the Romans baseline, this document specifies the exact rendering-consistency requirement, since the baseline’s Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents mandate identical Sanskrit renderings of shared vocabulary and, where the same verse is quoted verbatim in both books, identical Sanskrit wording of the quotation itself.
Section A: Old Testament Book-Name Renderings (Extending the Baseline Table)
The baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md fixes Sanskrit renderings for Romans, Genesis, Psalms, Isaiah, Habakkuk, and Joel. Acts’ OT quotations require several additional book names, proposed here for consistent use across all Phase 2 Acts translation and for promotion into the shared cross-curriculum book-name table:
| English book | Sanskrit rendering | Transliteration | Notes |
|---|
| Genesis | उत्पत्तिः | utpattiḥ | Fixed in baseline. |
| Exodus | निर्गमनम् | nirgamanam | ”Going out” — descriptive, matches Septuagint’s Exodos; no rival technical sense. |
| Leviticus | लेवीयग्रन्थः | levīyagranthaḥ | Transliteration-based compound (“book of the Levites”); avoid यज्ञविधिः, which would risk framing the whole book through Mīmāṃsā ritual-injunction (vidhi) categories alone. |
| Numbers | गणनाग्रन्थः | gaṇanāgranthaḥ | ”Book of counting,” descriptive of the censuses; no technical collision. |
| Deuteronomy | व्यवस्थाविवरणम् | vyavasthāvivaraṇam | ”Repetition/exposition of the law”; व्यवस्था kept distinct from विधिः (the baseline’s fixed “Law” term for nomos) to avoid conflating the book-title with the doctrinal term. |
| Joshua | यहोशूग्रन्थः | yahośūgranthaḥ | Transliteration of the proper name + ग्रन्थः. |
| 1 Samuel / 2 Samuel | शमूएलस्य प्रथमः/द्वितीयः ग्रन्थः | śamūelasya prathamaḥ/dvitīyaḥ granthaḥ | Transliteration-based. |
| 1 Kings | राज्ञां प्रथमः ग्रन्थः | rājñāṃ prathamaḥ granthaḥ | Descriptive (“first book of the kings”); avoid राजधर्मः, which would invoke dharmaśāstra’s royal-duty genre. |
| Amos | आमोसः | āmosaḥ | Transliterated proper name, per Serampore-tradition precedent (cf. Joel, Habakkuk). |
| Daniel | दानिय्येलः | dāniyyelaḥ | Transliterated proper name. |
| Psalms | गीतसंहिता | gītasaṃhitā | Fixed in baseline. |
| Isaiah | यशायाः | yaśāyāḥ | Fixed in baseline. |
| Habakkuk | हबक्कूकः | habakkūkaḥ | Fixed in baseline; note this book supplies both Romans 1:17 (Habakkuk 2:4) and Acts 13:41 (Habakkuk 1:5) — see Section E. |
| Joel | योएलः | yoelaḥ | Fixed in baseline. |
Section B: Cross-Reference Matrix by Chapter
Columns: Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity
Acts 1
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 1:6-8 | Great Commission Fulfilled; Kingdom of God | Jesus, the apostles | Echoes 2 Samuel 7:12-16 and Isaiah 49:6 (kingdom-restoration hope reframed as worldwide witness); programmatic bracket with Acts 28:31 | Reuses परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम् (baseline) and साक्षिणः (Acts-established). Must not let “restore the kingdom to Israel” (1:6) be answered by a narrowing of scope — Jesus redirects a nationalist-restoration question toward a universal-missionary answer; this redirection itself is theologically load-bearing and should not be softened. |
| Acts 1:9-11 | Ascension; Lordship/Deity of Christ | Jesus, two men in white | Typological echo of Elijah’s ascension (2 Kings 2:11) and Daniel 7:13’s “coming with the clouds” (here reversed: departing, with a promise of return “in the same way”) | See ऊर्ध्वं नीतः note (08_core_glossary.md); must be distinguished from the Mahābhārata svarga-ascent motif (a reward for accumulated virtue) — this is unique exaltation tied to eternal Sonship, and the “will come in the same way” clause anchors a literal Second Coming, not a cyclical return. |
| Acts 1:16, 1:20 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Scripture’s authority | Judas, David (as psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 69:25 and Psalm 109:8, applied to Judas’s fate and replacement | Psalm 69 recurs in Romans 11:9-10 (different verses, same Psalm) — use गीतसंहिता consistently for “Psalms” in both curricula; the doctrinal point (Scripture’s specific predictive authority even over a betrayer’s fate) reinforces the baseline’s “inspiration_of_scripture” doctrine (High) — contrast explicitly with the Vedic apauruṣeya (non-authored, eternally existent) theory of scripture, since here a personal author (David) speaks a specific, later-fulfilled prediction. |
Acts 2 (see also Part One of 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-level treatment of the core passage, Acts 2:1-41)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 2:1-4 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | The gathered believers | Typological echo of Sinai (Exodus 19:16-19: sound, fire, trembling) and reversal of Babel’s language-confusion (Genesis 11:1-9) | Both echoes should be noted for translators even though neither is a direct quotation; the Sinai echo especially reinforces the Law-to-Spirit redemptive-historical movement continuous with Romans 8:1-4. |
| Acts 2:17-21 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Peter, quoting the prophet Joel | Direct quotation: Joel 2:28-32 | Acts 2:21 = Romans 10:13 (identical Joel 2:32 clause). Mandatory verbatim-consistent Sanskrit rendering across both curricula — see Section E and F below. |
| Acts 2:25-28 | Resurrection of Christ; Messianic Promise | Peter, quoting David | Direct quotation: Psalm 16:8-11 | Anchors पुनरुत्थानम् (never पुनर्जन्म) in an OT proof-text; repeated with the same content at Acts 13:35 (Psalm 16:10 alone) — render both occurrences from the same fixed Sanskrit base text for internal Acts consistency. |
| Acts 2:29-30 | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Promise | Peter, David | Allusion: 2 Samuel 7:12-16 and direct quotation echo of Psalm 132:11 (“God had sworn with an oath…one of his descendants on his throne”) | Reuses संविद् (covenant, baseline High) implicitly; requires the same OT-background explanatory note the baseline already flags for “davidic_covenant” (no Sanskrit political-religious analogue exists for a royal-lineage covenant). |
| Acts 2:33-35 | Lordship of Christ; Deity of Christ | Peter, David | Direct quotation: Psalm 110:1 (“The Lord said to my Lord…”) | This is the single most theologically dense messianic proof-text in the sermon: two distinct referents both called “Lord” (YHWH and the Messiah) in the same verse. Render both occurrences with प्रभुः consistently; a translator note should make explicit that the verse itself, in its original context, already distinguishes two persons both bearing the divine title — directly supporting, not undermining, Trinitarian Lordship-of-Christ doctrine (Critical, baseline). |
| Acts 2:36 | Lordship of Christ; Deity of Christ | Peter | Climactic application of Psalm 110:1 and Psalm 16 to the crucified-and-risen Jesus | See full treatment in 07_semantic_analysis.md; mandatory “declarative enthronement, not divine promotion” note applies. |
| Acts 2:39 | Election; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Peter | Allusion: the Abrahamic promise pattern (“to you and your children,” cf. Genesis 17:7) extended to “all who are far off” (cf. Isaiah 57:19) | Anticipates the full Jew/Gentile unity doctrine developed in Acts 10-15 and already Critical/High in the Romans baseline. |
Acts 3
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 3:13 | Deity/Sonship of Christ; Messianic Promise | Peter, God of the patriarchs | Direct quotation formula: Exodus 3:6, 15 (“the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob”) | Establishes continuity between the God who spoke to Moses and the God who glorified Jesus; reuses सर्वेश्वरः; do not substitute a bare देवः-based rendering for the patriarchal formula. |
| Acts 3:13, 3:26 | Messianic Promise (Suffering Servant typology) | Jesus (as “servant”) | Allusion: Isaiah 52:13-53:12 (the Servant Songs) | See 07_semantic_analysis.md’s “God’s servant” entry; requires an explanatory note since Sanskrit सेवक carries no inherent OT-Servant resonance on its own. |
| Acts 3:22-23 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Apostolic Authority | Peter, Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19 (a prophet like Moses) | Repeated verbatim in substance at Acts 7:37 (Stephen); render both occurrences consistently. Must not be confused with the guru-paramparā succession model (baseline’s “apostle” entry) — this is a single, uniquely climactic prophetic fulfillment, not an open-ended teacher-lineage. |
| Acts 3:25 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles; Abrahamic Covenant | Peter, Abraham | Direct quotation: Genesis 22:18 (cf. Genesis 26:4) — “in your offspring shall all the families of the earth be blessed” | Thematic companion to Genesis 15:6, the proof-text underlying the baseline’s “imputed_righteousness” doctrine (Romans 4:3). Different verse, same patriarch and covenant-promise arc; flag for translators that Abraham functions in both curricula as the paradigm of promise received by faith (Romans) and promise extended to all nations (Acts) — two facets of one covenant theology, not two unrelated Abraham-references. |
Acts 4
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 4:11 | Deity of Christ; Persecution | Peter, addressing the council | Direct quotation: Psalm 118:22 (“the stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone”) | Thematic (not verbatim-citation) parallel to Romans 9:33, where Paul conflates Isaiah 28:16 and Isaiah 8:14 in the same “stone” motif. Not a shared quotation requiring verbatim matching, but translators should be aware both curricula develop a “rejected-stone-becomes-cornerstone” Christological image and should use parallel, not contradictory, imagery for “stone” (पाषाणः/शिला) if both are rendered in the same collection. |
| Acts 4:12 | Salvation; Universal Scope of the Gospel | Peter | No direct OT quotation; theological climax of the “no other name” exclusivity claim | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 10:12-13 (universal offer of salvation) held in tension with this verse’s exclusivity of means. Both must be preserved without softening either pole — see Section E. |
| Acts 4:24 | Creation; Providence | The gathered believers, in prayer | Allusion: Exodus 20:11 / Nehemiah 9:6 / Psalm 146:6 (“who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and everything in them”) | Repeated at Acts 14:15 (Paul at Lystra) and Acts 17:24 (Areopagus); render this creation-formula consistently across all three Acts occurrences. |
| Acts 4:25-26 | Persecution; Messianic Promise | The believers, quoting David | Direct quotation: Psalm 2:1-2 | Psalm 2 recurs at Acts 13:33 (Psalm 2:7); render consistently within Acts and flag for future cross-curriculum use, since Psalm 2 is among the most frequently cited messianic psalms in the wider NT. |
Acts 5
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 5:1-11 | Holy Spirit (personhood); Church as Community | Ananias, Sapphira, Peter | Typological echo of Achan’s sin at Jericho (Joshua 7) — deception regarding devoted/consecrated property, met with immediate death as a boundary-marking judgment at a founding moment of the covenant community | No direct quotation; flag as a structural narrative type (founding-community purity judgment) worth noting in translator commentary, not a lexical risk. |
| Acts 5:3 | Holy Spirit (personhood); Persecution (Satan) | Peter, Ananias | No OT quotation; direct theological statement that lying to the Spirit is lying to God | Confirms Holy Spirit personhood — recommend citing this verse alongside the mahāvākya-contrast note wherever पवित्र आत्मा appears (per baseline requirement). |
| Acts 5:12-16 | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | The apostles | No direct quotation; narrative fulfillment of prophetic patterns of prophetic healing (cf. 2 Kings 4, Elisha) | Loose typological echo (miracle-working prophet); not a citation requiring verbatim handling. |
Acts 6
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 6:1-7 | Church as Community | The Twelve, the Seven (Stephen, Philip, et al.) | No direct OT quotation; institutional development anticipates the “elder/overseer” vocabulary of Acts 14, 20 | Reviewed for full coverage; no new cross-reference risk beyond 08_core_glossary.md’s सेवा/सेवकः note. |
| Acts 6:8-15 | Persecution and Bold Witness | Stephen | Sets up ch. 7’s extended OT recitation; accusation that Stephen spoke against “this holy place and the law” | Reuses पवित्रम् (holy) and विधिः (law) exactly; no new term. |
Acts 7 (Stephen’s speech — the single densest concentration of OT material in Acts)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 7:2-8 | Abrahamic Covenant; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Abraham | Allusion/paraphrase: Genesis 12:1, 15:13-14 (cf. Exodus 12:40), Genesis 17:8-10 (covenant of circumcision) | Same Abraham-covenant thread as Acts 3:25 and the Romans baseline’s imputed_righteousness doctrine (Genesis 15:6); circumcision reference here (7:8) should use त्वक्छेदः consistently with Acts 15’s usage, not a dharmaśāstra saṃskāra term. |
| Acts 7:9-16 | Providence; typology of rejection-then-exaltation | Joseph, Jacob’s sons | Narrative recounting of Genesis 37, 39-45; Joseph explicitly functions as a type of Christ — rejected/sold by his own brothers, exalted by God in a foreign land, and becomes the means of his family’s salvation from famine | Major typological pattern. Flag explicitly for translator commentary: this is the clearest sustained rejected-and-exalted-deliverer type in Acts prior to its application to Jesus himself later in the same speech (7:35, 52) and to Christ generally (Lordship of Christ, Deity of Christ doctrines, Critical). Do not render this merely as background narrative; the typological function is Stephen’s rhetorical point. |
| Acts 7:17-34 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Apostolic Authority (Moses as type) | Moses | Extended paraphrase of Exodus 1-3, including direct quotation formula at 7:32-34 (Exodus 3:6, 5-6, 10) | Second major typological pattern: Moses, “rejected” by his own people at first (7:25, 27-28, 35 — “this Moses, whom they rejected… this man God sent as both ruler and redeemer”), explicitly parallels Jesus’ rejection-then-exaltation as told throughout Acts. Stephen states this parallel almost programmatically; must be preserved, not smoothed into generic biography. |
| Acts 7:37 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Messianic Promise | Moses, Stephen | Direct quotation, repeated from 3:22: Deuteronomy 18:15 | See note at Acts 3:22-23; render identically. |
| Acts 7:40 | Sin; Idolatry polemic | Israel at Sinai | Direct quotation: Exodus 32:1 (the golden calf demand) | Anticipates the Areopagus idol-polemic (Acts 17) and the baseline’s rejection of bare मूर्तिः/प्रतिमा for idols; here the referent is Israel’s own historical apostasy, not a cross-cultural polemic, and should be rendered with a plain descriptive term for a manufactured cult-image without needing the full मिथ्यादेवप्रतिमा compound (that compound is reserved for Paul’s philosophical argument in ch. 17, though the underlying category — a manufactured object wrongly worshipped — is the same). |
| Acts 7:42-43 | Sin; Idolatry polemic; Judgment | Israel, Stephen quoting Amos | Direct quotation: Amos 5:25-27 | New book-name required: आमोसः (see Section A). Continues the idolatry-polemic thread from 7:40. |
| Acts 7:49-50 | God’s transcendence; polemic against temple-localization | Stephen, quoting Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 66:1-2 (cf. 1 Kings 8:27) | Directly relevant to “separation_unto_gods_service” doctrine (baseline, High): God’s presence is not confined to a building — a theological point with genuine resonance for a Sanskrit-literate audience trained in temple/mūrti theology; must be handled as a positive theological claim about divine transcendence, not merely an anti-institutional aside. |
| Acts 7:51-53 | Persecution; Universal Human Accountability | Stephen | Allusion: prophetic “stiff-necked” indictment language (Exodus 32:9, 33:3, 5; Deuteronomy 9:6, 13) | Reuses कठोरग्रीवाः per 07_semantic_analysis.md; continuous with the prophetic covenant-lawsuit tradition. |
| Acts 7:55-56 | Deity of Christ; Lordship of Christ | Stephen | Allusion: Daniel 7:13-14 (“Son of Man” standing at God’s right hand) | See “Son of Man” note in 07_semantic_analysis.md (High); direct visionary confirmation of Christ’s heavenly enthronement, paralleling Psalm 110:1 already established at Acts 2:34-35. |
| Acts 7:58-60 | Persecution and Bold Witness (first martyrdom) | Stephen, Saul (witness) | No direct OT quotation; Stephen’s dying prayer (“Lord, do not hold this sin against them”) echoes Jesus’ own words on the cross (Luke 23:34) | Establishes the “witness-to-martyr” semantic drift flagged at साक्षी (High); Saul’s presence here is the narrative seed of the “Conversion of Paul” doctrine (ch. 9). |
Acts 8
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 8:1-4 | Persecution and Bold Witness; Great Commission Fulfilled | The scattered believers | No direct quotation; narrative fulfillment of the Acts 1:8 geographic program (“Judea and Samaria”) | Structural cross-reference, not lexical. |
| Acts 8:26-35 | Justification apart from the Law (proto); Messianic Promise; Gospel to Gentiles (proto-Gentile: the eunuch) | Philip, the Ethiopian eunuch | Direct quotation: Isaiah 53:7-8 | Suffering Servant typology made explicit and applied directly to Jesus by name. This is the clearest single Isaiah 53 citation in Acts and should be cross-referenced by translators to Romans’ atonement-adjacent vocabulary (though Romans does not quote this verse directly, its theology of Christ “delivered up for our trespasses,” Romans 4:25, draws on the same Servant-Song background). |
| Acts 8:26-39 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles (proto) | The Ethiopian eunuch | Allusion: Isaiah 56:3-5 (the eunuch’s promised full inclusion, reversing Deuteronomy 23:1’s prior exclusion) | See 07_semantic_analysis.md’s full eunuch note; the fulfillment is narratively enacted, not textually quoted, so no verbatim-consistency issue arises, but the theological reversal (exclusion-then-inclusion) should be flagged in translator commentary as directly continuous with Romans’ Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine (High). |
Acts 9
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 9:1-19 | Conversion of Paul | Saul/Paul, Ananias, Jesus | No direct OT quotation; typological echo of prophetic call-narratives (Isaiah 6:1-8, Jeremiah 1:4-10, Ezekiel 1-3) — sudden divine confrontation, commissioning, initial resistance/hesitation (via Ananias) | Flag as formal-pattern typology, not a lexical citation; useful for translator commentary connecting Paul’s call to the OT prophetic-commissioning genre already present in the baseline’s “prophet”/“prophecy” entries. |
| Acts 9:15 | Election; Conversion of Paul; Gospel to Gentiles | Jesus (to Ananias, of Saul) | No direct OT quotation; “a chosen instrument” reuses baseline Election vocabulary | See वरणस्य पात्रम् note, 08_core_glossary.md. |
Acts 10
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 10:1-33 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Cornelius, Peter | Allusion: food-purity laws of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14, here declared no longer determinative of table-fellowship/inclusion boundaries | No direct quotation, but the dismantled purity-boundary logic is the same category the baseline’s “universal_scope_of_gospel” doctrine flags for its varṇa-based commensality collision risk (see 07_semantic_analysis.md’s अशुद्धम्/सामान्यम् note) — the single highest-stakes new passage-cluster in Acts for this audience. |
| Acts 10:34-43 | Universal Scope of the Gospel | Peter | Allusion: “God shows no partiality” (cf. Deuteronomy 10:17, 2 Chronicles 19:7) | Direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 2:11 (“God shows no partiality”) — same principle, not a shared verbatim quotation, but translators should render the underlying Sanskrit phrase for divine impartiality consistently if it recurs in both curricula. |
| Acts 10:36 | Lordship of Christ; Peace | Peter | Allusion: Isaiah 52:7 (“how beautiful are the feet of him who brings good news… who publishes peace”) — also quoted directly in Romans 10:15 | Thematic/lexical overlap with Romans 10:15. Not verbatim-identical wording in Acts (10:36 alludes rather than quotes), but the underlying vocabulary (सुसमाचारः, शान्तिः, प्रभुः — “he is Lord of all”) should be rendered using the exact baseline terms, since this verse functions as a one-sentence gospel summary parallel to Romans’ own. |
Acts 11
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 11:1-18 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Peter, the Jerusalem believers | Retelling of ch. 10; no new direct OT quotation | Confirms Gentile inclusion is God’s own initiative (“who was I to stand in God’s way?” 11:17) — continuous with Election/Providence doctrines (High, baseline). |
| Acts 11:19-26 | Great Commission Fulfilled; Church as Community | Barnabas, Saul, the Antioch believers | No direct OT quotation; narrative fulfillment of the geographic expansion program (Acts 1:8) | Structural, not lexical. |
Acts 12
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 12:1-19 | Persecution and Bold Witness; Providence | Herod (Agrippa I), Peter, James (son of Zebedee) | Typological echo of prior angelic-deliverance narratives (Daniel 6, Daniel 3) | No direct quotation; loose formal-pattern typology (deliverance from a hostile king through angelic intervention). |
| Acts 12:20-23 | Providence; judgment on pride | Herod | Typological echo of the proud-king-struck-down pattern (Daniel 4’s Nebuchadnezzar, Isaiah 14’s fall of the king of Babylon, cf. also Ezekiel 28) | No direct quotation; Herod’s death (struck by an angel, “eaten by worms,” 12:23) functions as a narrative type of divine judgment on self-deifying rulers — worth flagging for translator commentary as a recognizable OT judgment-pattern. |
Acts 13
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 13:2-3 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Great Commission Fulfilled | The Antioch church, the Holy Spirit | No direct OT quotation; Spirit-directed commissioning | See personhood note requirement (Critical, baseline). |
| Acts 13:17-22 | Davidic Covenant; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Paul (recounting Israel’s history), Saul (king), David | Allusion: 1 Samuel 13:14 (“a man after my own heart”) and Psalm 89:20 | No new lexical risk; reinforces the historical-narrative confidence already established by Stephen’s speech pattern (ch. 7) as a recurring Acts sermon-form. |
| Acts 13:33 | Sonship of Christ; Resurrection of Christ | Paul, quoting the Psalmist | Direct quotation: Psalm 2:7 (“You are my Son, today I have begotten you”) | Critical. Applied here explicitly to the resurrection (not to eternal generation) — the translator note must clarify that “today I have begotten you” names the public declaration/vindication of the Son’s status at the resurrection (paralleling the “made him Lord and Christ” enthronement-note at Acts 2:36), not the origin of Christ’s eternal Sonship, which is presupposed, not created, by this event. This guards against exactly the “divine promotion” misreading the baseline’s Sonship of Christ entry warns against. Cross-reference Psalm 2:1-2 already quoted at Acts 4:25-26. |
| Acts 13:34 | Resurrection of Christ; Davidic Covenant | Paul, quoting Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 55:3 (“the holy and sure blessings of David”) | Ties resurrection to covenant-promise fulfillment; reuses पवित्रम् (holy, baseline) in its OT-quotation context. |
| Acts 13:35 | Resurrection of Christ | Paul, quoting David | Direct quotation: Psalm 16:10 (repeated from Acts 2:27) | Must be rendered identically to Acts 2:27’s Sanskrit wording — same verse, same book, internal Acts consistency required. |
| Acts 13:39 | Justification apart from the Law | Paul | No direct OT quotation; doctrinal climax of the sermon | Critical — Acts 13:39 = doctrinal parallel to Romans 3:28. See Section E; mandatory verbatim terminological (not verse-for-verse quotational) consistency. |
| Acts 13:41 | Persecution; Fulfillment of Prophecy (warning) | Paul, quoting Habakkuk | Direct quotation: Habakkuk 1:5 | Note: this is Habakkuk 1:5, a different verse from Romans 1:17’s Habakkuk 2:4 (“the righteous shall live by faith”). Both must use the identical Sanskrit book-name हबक्कूकः; translators must not conflate the two distinct Habakkuk citations or assume shared verse-content, only shared book identity. |
| Acts 13:47 | Great Commission Fulfilled; Gospel to Gentiles | Paul and Barnabas, quoting Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 49:6 (“I have made you a light for the Gentiles… salvation to the ends of the earth”) | Directly echoes and fulfills Acts 1:8’s programmatic commission; repeated in substance at Acts 26:23. Reuses अन्यजातीयाः and त्राणम् exactly (baseline). |
Acts 14
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 14:8-18 | Incarnation (near-collision); Gospel to Gentiles | Paul, Barnabas, the Lystra crowd | Allusion: Exodus 20:11-style creation formula (14:15, “the living God who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and everything in them”) | See 07_semantic_analysis.md’s “the living God” note — the crowd’s assumption that “the gods have come down to us in human form” is a striking narrative near-collision with avatāra-descent logic (Bhagavad Gītā 4.7-8); Paul’s own emphatic correction models the very distinction the baseline’s Incarnation entry requires. |
| Acts 14:22 | Persecution; Kingdom of God | Paul, Barnabas | No direct OT quotation; “through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God” | Reuses परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम् exactly. |
Acts 15
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 15:1-11 | Justification apart from the Law; Grace | The Jerusalem Council, Peter | No direct OT quotation in this section; doctrinal argument by analogy to the Cornelius narrative (ch. 10) | Acts 15:11 = doctrinal parallel to Romans 3:24. See Section E. |
| Acts 15:16-18 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles; Davidic Covenant; Fulfillment of Prophecy | James, quoting Amos | Direct quotation: Amos 9:11-12 (“I will rebuild the tent of David that has fallen… that the remnant of mankind may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who are called by my name”) | New book-name आमोसः (Section A) reused from 7:42-43. This is the Council’s own scriptural warrant for Gentile inclusion without circumcision — one of the most doctrinally consequential quotations in Acts; the “called by my name” clause reuses आहूतः-family vocabulary (baseline High) and should be rendered consistently with the calling-doctrine’s established direction (God’s initiative). |
| Acts 15:19-21 | Justification apart from the Law | James | Allusion: minimal, practical guidance drawing on Leviticus 17-18’s resident-alien food/purity provisions (blood, things strangled, sexual immorality, food offered to idols) | Not a direct citation but a recognizable OT legal category; should not be rendered so as to reintroduce a full Mosaic-law-keeping requirement, which would contradict the chapter’s own doctrinal resolution. |
Acts 16
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 16:16-18 | Persecution; Apostolic Authority; spiritual conflict | Paul, the slave girl, the “spirit of Python” | No direct OT quotation; echoes the general biblical pattern of confrontation with occult/divinatory spirits (cf. Deuteronomy 18:10-11’s prohibition of divination) | See आत्मा-reservation methodological note (Critical priority; baseline+Acts): भूतः/प्रेतः only, never आत्मा. |
| Acts 16:25-34 | Repentance and Baptism; Church as Community (household) | Paul, Silas, the Philippian jailer | No direct OT quotation | Acts 16:31 = doctrinal/structural parallel to Romans 10:9. See Section E. |
Acts 17
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 17:1-9 | Persecution; Messianic Promise | Paul, the Thessalonian synagogue | No direct OT quotation reported in the summary; Paul’s method is described as “reasoning from the Scriptures” that the Messiah must suffer and rise (cf. Isaiah 53, Psalm 16, as already established at Acts 2, 8, 13) | Cross-reference to the Servant/Resurrection proof-texts already catalogued above; no new lexical item. |
| Acts 17:22-31 | Gospel to Gentiles (philosophical mode); Creation; Idolatry polemic | Paul, the Areopagus council | (a) Allusion to Isaiah 42:5, 44:9-20 and Deuteronomy 4:28 (idol-polemic: manufactured objects cannot be the true God); (b) Non-scriptural quotations of Greek poets (see Section G below); (c) Allusion to Genesis 1:1, 1:27 and Malachi 2:10 (one God, one humanity, “he made from one man every nation”) | Highest-sensitivity passage in Acts for this Language Package’s stated inter-religious-dialogue audience. See मिथ्यादेवप्रतिमा (Critical) and the “in him we live and move” note (High) in 08_core_glossary.md. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence. |
| Acts 17:30-32 | Repentance; Resurrection; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Paul | No direct OT quotation; universal call to repentance grounded in the resurrection as certifying evidence of coming judgment | See विचारणा/भाविविचारणा note (08_core_glossary.md); reuses पश्चात्तापः and पुनरुत्थानम् exactly. |
Acts 18
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 18:6 | Persecution; Universal Human Accountability | Paul, the Corinthian synagogue | Allusion: the “blood on your own head(s)” idiom (cf. Ezekiel 3:18-20, 33:4; 2 Samuel 1:16) — the watchman’s-responsibility motif | Reviewed for full coverage; no new glossary term, but the watchman motif recurs meaningfully at Acts 20:26-27 and should be cross-referenced there. |
| Acts 18:24-28 | Repentance and Baptism (partial knowledge); Apostolic Authority | Apollos, Priscilla, Aquila | No direct OT quotation | Reuses पन्थाः (“the way of the Lord,” 18:25-26) and बाप्तिस्मः exactly. |
Acts 19
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 19:1-7 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Repentance and Baptism | Paul, the Ephesian disciples of John | No direct OT quotation; clarifies John’s preparatory baptism versus baptism “in the name of the Lord Jesus” accompanied by the Spirit | See 07_semantic_analysis.md’s ch. 19 note; useful precedent-text for teaching बाप्तिस्मः’s full doctrinal weight. |
| Acts 19:11-20 | Apostolic Authority and Miracles; spiritual conflict | Paul, the sons of Sceva, evil spirits | No direct OT quotation | See दुष्टभूताः/अशुद्धभूताः note; never आत्मा. |
| Acts 19:23-41 | Persecution; Idolatry (economic) | Demetrius, the Ephesian crowd, Artemis | No direct OT quotation; a goddess-cult economic system directly confronted by gospel proclamation | See Artemis note, 07_semantic_analysis.md; structurally (not lexically) parallels the baseline’s शक्ति caution under “power_of_god.” |
Acts 20
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 20:17-35 | Church as Community; Apostolic Authority; Persecution | Paul, the Ephesian elders | Allusion: the shepherd/flock motif (Ezekiel 34, Psalm 23, Jeremiah 23:1-4) and the watchman motif (Ezekiel 3:17-21, 33:1-9, echoing Acts 18:6) applied to church leadership | See पालकः note (never गोपालः/गोपः, High); the watchman allusion (20:26-27, “I am innocent of the blood of all”) should be cross-referenced to Acts 18:6. |
| Acts 20:35 | Church as Community; Grace | Paul, quoting Jesus | Non-canonical dominical saying (“It is more blessed to give than to receive”) — an agraphon, not found in the four Gospels, not an OT quotation | Flag distinctly: this is a saying of Jesus preserved only here, outside both Testaments’ written Gospel record; it requires no OT cross-reference but should not be mistranslated as a citation from an OT or Gospel text, since none exists. |
Acts 21
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 21:8-14 | Apostolic Authority and Miracles; Persecution | Agabus, Paul | Typological echo of OT prophetic sign-acts (Isaiah 20:2-4, Jeremiah 13:1-11, Ezekiel 4:1-17) — Agabus binds himself with Paul’s belt as an enacted prophecy | No direct quotation; flag as formal-pattern typology for translator commentary. |
| Acts 21:17-26 | Justification apart from the Law (pastoral application) | Paul, James, the Jerusalem elders | Allusion: Numbers 6:1-21 (the Nazirite vow) | Reuses व्रतम् per 07_semantic_analysis.md; requires OT Nazirite-vow background note, not a lexical caution. |
Acts 22
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 22:3-21 | Conversion of Paul | Paul (retelling ch. 9) | Allusion: “the God of our fathers” (22:14, echoing Exodus 3:15, already established at Acts 3:13, 7:32) | Render “God of our fathers” consistently with the Exodus 3 formula established earlier in Acts. |
| Acts 22:16 | Repentance and Baptism; Forgiveness of Sins | Ananias (of Damascus), Paul | No direct OT quotation | See 08_core_glossary.md’s “wash away your sins” entry (High) — Gaṅgā-snāna collision risk. |
Acts 23
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 23:1-10 | Resurrection; Persecution | Paul, the Sanhedrin, Pharisees, Sadducees | No direct OT quotation; positions Christian resurrection-faith within an existing intra-Jewish doctrinal debate | See ch. 23 note in 07_semantic_analysis.md. |
| Acts 23:5 | Apostolic Authority; civil respect | Paul | Direct quotation: Exodus 22:28 (“You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people”) | Paul quotes this of himself, correcting his own sharp words to the high priest — a rare self-corrective use of Torah citation; render as a direct, respectful quotation, not paraphrase. |
Acts 24
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 24:14-16 | Justification apart from the Law; Resurrection | Paul, before Felix | No direct OT quotation; Paul affirms he worships “according to the Way,” believing “everything laid down by the Law and written in the Prophets” | Reuses पन्थाः and विधिः/भविष्यद्वक्ता exactly; affirms continuity with, not rejection of, OT revelation. |
| Acts 24:15 | Resurrection (general) | Paul | Allusion: Daniel 12:2 (“there will be a resurrection of both the just and the unjust”) | New OT allusion; reuses पुनरुत्थानम् exactly; Daniel 12:2 is itself the clearest OT proof-text for general bodily resurrection and is worth flagging for translator commentary as background to the doctrine, even though not directly quoted verbatim. |
| Acts 24:25 | Righteousness; Judgment | Paul, before Felix | No direct OT quotation | See धार्मिकता/इन्द्रियनिग्रहः/भाविविचारणा notes, 07/08. |
Acts 25
Reviewed for full-book coverage. Primarily legal-narrative content (Festus’s jurisdiction, Paul’s appeal to Caesar); no direct OT quotation or new theological vocabulary. Continues themes already established (the Way, resurrection controversy) without new cross-reference material.
Acts 26
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 26:12-18 | Conversion of Paul | Paul, before Agrippa (retelling ch. 9) | Allusion: Isaiah 42:6-7, 16 and Isaiah 61:1 (“to open their eyes, to turn them from darkness to light… a light for the nations”) | See 07_semantic_analysis.md’s ch. 26 note (Critical); the “open eyes/darkness to light” language directly echoes the Isaianic Servant-commissioning texts already established at Acts 13:47 (Isaiah 49:6). |
| Acts 26:22-23 | Messianic Promise; Resurrection; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Paul | Summary allusion, not direct quotation: “saying nothing but what the prophets and Moses said would come to pass — that the Messiah must suffer, and… rise from the dead, and… proclaim light both to our people and to the Gentiles” (echoing Isaiah 53 and Isaiah 49:6 together) | This verse functions as Acts’ own retrospective summary of nearly every messianic OT citation catalogued in this document (Isaiah 53 at 8:32-33; Isaiah 49:6 at 13:47; Psalm 16 at 2:25-28/13:35). Recommend flagging as the natural cross-reference anchor-verse for the whole “Messianic Reference Summary” in Section C below. |
Acts 27
Reviewed for full-book coverage; narrative-dominant (shipwreck). No direct OT quotation. Loose typological echo: the storm-and-deliverance-at-sea pattern recalls Jonah 1 and Psalm 107:23-32 (“those who go down to the sea in ships”); Paul’s role as the one through whom deliverance comes (in contrast to Jonah, whose presence endangers the ship) is an instructive point-of-contrast rather than a direct type, worth noting for translator commentary but requiring no new glossary term. The angelic reassurance (27:23-24) reuses परमेश्वरस्य विधानम् and दूतः exactly (Providence doctrine, High, baseline).
Acts 28
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 28:3-6 | Apostolic Authority and Miracles; Providence | Paul, the Malta islanders | Loose allusion: serpent-imagery of Genesis 3:15 and Psalm 91:13, and the Gospel promise of Mark 16:18/Luke 10:19 (protection from serpents) | Not a direct citation; note for translator commentary only, no lexical risk. |
| Acts 28:23-28 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Universal Scope of the Gospel | Paul, the Roman Jewish leaders | Direct quotation: Isaiah 6:9-10 (“keep on hearing, but do not understand…”) | This is the same “hardening” text quoted at length in Romans 11:8-10 (a composite of Isaiah 29:10 and Deuteronomy 29:4, distinct from but thematically identical to Acts’ use of Isaiah 6:9-10) — both curricula address Jewish unbelief with an OT hardening-text; while the specific verses differ, the theological point (partial, purposive hardening within God’s larger redemptive plan, not final rejection) must be rendered consistently and never as a supersessionist replacement claim, consistent with Romans 11’s own explicit qualification (“God has not rejected his people,” Romans 11:1-2). |
| Acts 28:30-31 | Great Commission Fulfilled | Paul, in Rome | No direct OT quotation; the book’s deliberately open-ended closing note | Bracket-verse with Acts 1:8; see 08_core_glossary.md. |
Section C: Messianic Reference Summary
The following OT texts are applied to Jesus as Messiah within Acts, consolidated here for quick translator reference:
| OT Text | Applied at | Messianic Content | Sanskrit anchor term(s) |
|---|
| Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19 | Acts 3:22-23; 7:37 | The prophet like Moses | मसीहः, भविष्यद्वक्ता |
| Genesis 22:18 (cf. 26:4) | Acts 3:25 | Blessing to all nations through Abraham’s offspring | अन्यजातीयाः, संविद् |
| Psalm 118:22 | Acts 4:11 | The rejected-yet-chief cornerstone | (new descriptive term; see Section B) |
| Psalm 2:1-2, 2:7 | Acts 4:25-26; 13:33 | The Lord’s Anointed; declared/vindicated Son | मसीहः, परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः |
| Isaiah 53:7-8 (and the wider Servant Songs, 52:13-53:12) | Acts 3:13, 26; 8:32-33; 26:23 | The suffering, silent, sacrificial Servant | तस्य सेवकः; cross-reference to Romans 4:25’s atonement language |
| Psalm 16:8-11, 16:10 | Acts 2:25-28; 13:35 | Bodily resurrection without corruption | पुनरुत्थानम् (never पुनर्जन्म) |
| Psalm 132:11; 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (allusion) | Acts 2:30 | Davidic royal descent of the Messiah | दाविदः वंशात् (baseline), संविद् |
| Psalm 110:1 | Acts 2:34-35 | Enthronement at God’s right hand; two Lords in one verse | प्रभुः |
| Isaiah 55:3 | Acts 13:34 | Sure covenant blessings realized in resurrection | संविद्, पवित्रम् |
| Isaiah 49:6 | Acts 13:47; 26:23 | Light to the Gentiles; salvation to the ends of the earth | अन्यजातीयाः, त्राणम् |
| Amos 9:11-12 | Acts 15:16-18 | The restored “tent of David” including the nations | दाविद् (baseline), आहूतः-family vocabulary |
Section D: Typological Patterns
Typology (a person, event, or institution in the OT prefiguring Christ or the gospel age) recurs structurally throughout Acts and should be flagged for translator commentary even where no direct quotation is present:
- Joseph as a type of Christ (Acts 7:9-16, recounting Genesis 37-45): rejected by his own brothers, exalted in a foreign context, becomes the means of his family’s deliverance from death. Stephen’s speech uses this narrative to prepare his audience for the same pattern’s climactic application to Jesus.
- Moses as a type of Christ (Acts 7:17-40, recounting Exodus 1-3, 32): “rejected” by his own people at first, yet appointed by God as “ruler and redeemer” (7:35); explicitly linked by Stephen to Jesus’ own rejection-then-exaltation. This is Acts’ most sustained and explicit typological argument.
- The Suffering Servant as a type/prophecy of Christ (Acts 8:32-33; 26:23, drawing on Isaiah 52:13-53:12): silent suffering, sacrificial death, vindication — directly named as fulfilled in Jesus.
- David as a type of the greater King (Acts 2:25-35; 13:22-23, 33-36; 15:16): the historical David’s own tomb (“his tomb is with us to this day,” 2:29) is used to argue against Davidic self-reference and for messianic reference in Psalm 16 — a carefully reasoned typological argument, not a loose analogy.
- Elijah’s ascension as a partial type for Christ’s ascension (2 Kings 2:11, echoed at Acts 1:9-11): the ascension pattern is structurally similar but must be explicitly distinguished in translator notes from Christ’s unique exaltation to co-regency (Lordship/Sonship, Critical, baseline) — Elijah is a prophet taken up, not one enthroned at God’s right hand.
- The prophetic call-narrative pattern (Isaiah 6, Jeremiah 1, Ezekiel 1-3) as the formal background to Paul’s Damascus-road commissioning (Acts 9, 22, 26): sudden divine confrontation, initial incapacitation, verbal commissioning, initial resistance overcome.
- The watchman motif (Ezekiel 3:17-21, 33:1-9) applied to apostolic responsibility for proclaiming the whole message (Acts 18:6; 20:26-27): “I am innocent of the blood of all” directly echoes the watchman’s discharge of duty.
- Jonah as a point of contrast, not a positive type (loosely echoed at Acts 27’s storm-and-deliverance narrative): unlike Jonah, whose disobedient presence endangers the ship, Paul’s faithful presence becomes the means of the ship’s deliverance — an inverted echo worth noting for translator commentary.
- The golden calf apostasy as a negative type of idolatry (Exodus 32, quoted at Acts 7:40) prefiguring and thematically linking to the Areopagus idol-polemic of Acts 17 — both address the category error of worshipping a manufactured object.
Section E: Parallels to Romans — Shared and Structurally Parallel Citations Requiring Consistency
The following pairs require deliberate rendering-consistency handling because they involve either identical quoted text or directly parallel doctrinal argument across the two curricula presently governed by this Sanskrit Language Package:
| Acts reference | Romans reference | Relationship | Consistency requirement |
|---|
| Acts 2:21 (quoting Joel 2:32) | Romans 10:13 (quoting Joel 2:32) | Identical OT quotation, identical Greek clause | Mandatory verbatim-identical Sanskrit rendering of the full clause “everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved,” per the baseline’s existing cross-document consistency rule for this exact verse. Fixed rendering (from 07_semantic_analysis.md): यः कश्चित् प्रभोः नाम आह्वयति सः त्राणं लभते. |
| Acts 13:39 (“everyone who believes is justified”) | Romans 3:28 (“justified by faith apart from works of the law”) | Doctrinal-thesis parallel; Luke’s narrative confirmation of Paul’s own epistolary argument | Terminology (विश्वासः, धर्मीति निर्णयः) must match exactly; full clause need not be verbatim (different Greek constructions) but must read as manifestly the same doctrine in Sanskrit. Fixed rendering (08_core_glossary.md): यः कश्चित् विश्वासं करोति सः धर्मीति निर्णीतः भवति. |
| Acts 15:11 (“saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus”) | Romans 3:24 (“justified by his grace as a gift”) | Doctrinal-thesis parallel; the Council’s own resolution stated in grace-terms | अनुग्रहः, त्राणम्, प्रभुः, यीशुः must all match baseline exactly; flag for mandatory human theologian review per the densest-single-verse-concentration note in 07_semantic_analysis.md. |
| Acts 16:31 (“believe on the Lord Jesus… you and your household will be saved”) | Romans 10:9 (“if you confess… and believe… you will be saved”) | Salvation-confession structural parallel | विश्वासः, प्रभुः, त्राणम् must match baseline exactly; both are flagged Critical and require mandatory human theologian review per the baseline’s escalation rules. |
| Acts 4:12 (“no other name… by which we must be saved”) | Romans 10:12-13 (“no distinction… everyone who calls will be saved”) | Held-in-tension pair: exclusivity of means (Acts) vs. universality of offer (Romans) | Both poles must be preserved without softening either; translators must not resolve the tension by quietly weakening one verse to make it sit more comfortably beside the other. |
| Acts 10:36 (“preaching peace through Jesus Christ, who is Lord of all”) | Romans 10:15 (quoting Isaiah 52:7, “how beautiful are the feet of those who preach good news”) | Shared Isaian background (Isaiah 52:7), differently deployed | Render सुसमाचारः, शान्तिः, प्रभुः consistently; not a verbatim-identical quotation requirement, but a shared-source-text awareness requirement. |
| Acts 28:26-27 (quoting Isaiah 6:9-10, on Jewish hardening) | Romans 11:8-10 (quoting a composite of Isaiah 29:10 / Deuteronomy 29:4, on Jewish hardening) | Same theological point (partial, purposive, non-final hardening), different OT source texts | Must not be rendered as a supersessionist “replacement” claim in either curriculum; both must retain the qualification that this hardening is partial and purposive within God’s ongoing faithfulness to Israel (cf. Romans 11:1-2, 11:25-26). |
| Acts 3:25; 7:2-8 (Genesis 22:18, 12:1, 15:13-14 — Abrahamic promise/covenant) | Romans 4:1-25 (Genesis 15:6 — Abraham’s imputed righteousness) | Same patriarch, complementary covenant-promise texts | Not a shared verbatim quotation, but translators should treat Abraham consistently across both curricula as the paradigm of (a) righteousness credited through faith (Romans) and (b) covenant promise extended to all nations (Acts) — two integrated facets of one figure, not disconnected proof-texts. |
| Acts 13:41 (Habakkuk 1:5) | Romans 1:17 (Habakkuk 2:4) | Same OT book, different verses, no shared content | Use identical Sanskrit book-name हबक्कूकः in both; do not conflate verse-content between the two citations. |
| Acts 1:20 (Psalm 69:25, 109:8) | Romans 11:9-10 (Psalm 69:22-23) | Same Psalm (69), different verses | Use identical Sanskrit book-name गीतसंहिता in both; no shared verse-content requiring verbatim matching. |
Section F: Rendering-Consistency Rules (Summary for Phase 2)
- Verbatim-quotation rule: Where Acts and Romans quote the identical OT clause (currently: Joel 2:32 = Acts 2:21 / Romans 10:13), the Sanskrit rendering of that clause must be character-for-character identical in both curricula’s output.
- Shared-doctrine rule: Where Acts and Romans state the same doctrine using different Greek/English wording but shared baseline technical vocabulary (justification, grace, salvation-confession pairs listed in Section E), the fixed baseline Sanskrit terms (धर्मीति निर्णयः, अनुग्रहः, त्राणम्, विश्वासः, प्रभुः) must appear exactly as recorded; only the surrounding grammatical construction may vary to fit each verse’s syntax.
- Same-book, different-verse rule: Where both curricula quote the same OT book but different, unrelated verses (Habakkuk, Psalms), use the identical Sanskrit book-name consistently, but never assume or imply shared verse-content between the two citations.
- Typological consistency rule: Where a typological pattern (Moses, Joseph, the Suffering Servant, David) is developed in Acts and also invoked implicitly in Romans (e.g., Abraham in Romans 4), render the underlying figure’s proper name and key epithets identically across both curricula, and ensure translator commentary treats the pattern as continuous rather than introducing inconsistent typological readings between documents.
- Non-scriptural quotation rule (Acts 17:28 — see Section G): Greek philosophical/poetic quotations embedded in apostolic speech are never treated as Scripture-citations for glossary or footnote purposes; they receive a distinct citation format and must never be assigned a Sanskrit rendering drawn from the biblical-term registry.
- Hardening/judgment-text rule: Any OT “hardening” quotation applied to unbelieving Israel (Isaiah 6:9-10 in Acts 28; Isaiah 29:10/Deuteronomy 29:4 in Romans 11) must be rendered with the qualifying, non-final theological framing both source texts themselves supply in context; never render in a way that implies total or permanent divine rejection of Israel.
- Idol-polemic rule: Every occurrence of idol-critique vocabulary (Exodus 32:1 at Acts 7:40; the Areopagus material at Acts 17) must observe the same मूर्तिः/प्रतिमा-avoidance discipline established for मिथ्यादेवप्रतिमा in 08_core_glossary.md, scaled appropriately: Israel’s own historical apostasy (7:40) may use a plainer descriptive compound, while the philosophically argued Areopagus polemic (17:16-29) requires the full compound and mandatory theologian review.
Section G: Special Case — Non-Scriptural Quotations (Acts 17:28)
Acts 17:28 contains Paul’s citation of Greek sources rather than the Hebrew Scriptures: “In him we live and move and have our being” (widely attributed to the Cretan poet-philosopher Epimenides) and “For we are indeed his offspring” (from the Stoic poet Aratus’s Phaenomena, line 5, also echoed in Cleanthes’ Hymn to Zeus). These require distinct handling:
- Citation format: Render as
Epimenides (cited Acts 17:28a) and Aratus, Phaenomena 5 (cited Acts 17:28b) — never as if these were OT book citations, and never assign them a normalized Book Chapter:Verse form, since they are not canonical Scripture.
- Doctrinal handling: Paul’s rhetorical strategy — finding a partial truth in pagan literature and redirecting it toward the true Creator — is itself theologically significant for this Language Package’s scholarly/dialogical audience and should be preserved as a model of engagement, not treated as an endorsement of the poets’ underlying theology (which, in Aratus and Cleanthes’ own context, is pantheistic Stoic cosmology, itself worth a cautionary note structurally comparable to the Advaitic immanence risk already flagged for this verse in 08_core_glossary.md).
- No glossary term assignment: These citations require no entry in
translation_memory.json or bible_term_registry.json; the Sanskrit rendering of the quoted clause itself is governed by the “in him we live and move” entry already fixed in 08_core_glossary.md (High risk, Advaitic-immanence caution), independent of its non-scriptural source.
This document must be loaded alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md, 08_core_glossary.md, and the full baseline Romans Language Package before any Phase 2 Acts segment translation begins.
See 10_biblical_theme_map.md for the corresponding whole-canon thematic structure.