Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Ephesians (English/Greek → Sanskrit)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every chapter of Ephesians (1–6). Terms marked BASELINE are fixed by the Romans Language Package and reused here exactly, with no alteration. Terms marked NEW are introduced by this Ephesians package following the baseline’s own risk-assessment method. Risk tiers and review routing follow the definitions in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Baseline terms reused exactly (citation only — do not re-derive)
| English term | Greek | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | First occurrence in Ephesians |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | सर्वेश्वरः | sarveśvaraḥ | Critical | 1:1 |
| Lord | κύριος | प्रभुः | prabhuḥ | Critical | 1:2 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | यीशुः | yīśuḥ | Critical | 1:1 |
| Christ | Χριστός | ख्रीष्टः | khrīṣṭaḥ | Critical | 1:1 |
| Father | πατήρ | पिता | pitā | Critical | 1:2 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | पवित्र आत्मा | pavitra ātmā | Critical | 1:13 |
| grace | χάρις | अनुग्रहः | anugrahaḥ | High | 1:2 |
| faith | πίστις | विश्वासः | viśvāsaḥ | High | 1:1 |
| salvation / saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | त्राणम् (verb: त्रातः) | trāṇam / trātaḥ | Critical | 1:13; 2:5,8 |
| holy | ἅγιος | पवित्रम् | pavitram | High | 1:1 |
| saints | ἅγιοι | पवित्राः जनाः | pavitrāḥ janāḥ | High | 1:1 |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | पवित्रीकरणम् | pavitrīkaraṇam | High | (implicit, 5:26 sense) |
| adoption / sons | υἱοθεσία | पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम् | putratvena svīkaraṇam | High | 1:5 |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | सुसमाचारः | susamācāraḥ | High | 1:13 |
| glory | δόξα | महिमा | mahimā | High | 1:6,12,14,18 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | प्रेषितः | preṣitaḥ | Medium | 1:1; 4:11 |
| prophet | προφήτης | भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyadvaktā | Low | 2:20; 3:5; 4:11 |
| calling / called | κλῆσις / κλητός | आह्वानम् / आहूतः | āhvānam / āhūtaḥ | High | 1:18; 4:1,4 |
| church | ἐκκλησία | मण्डली | maṇḍalī | Medium | 1:22; 3:10,21; 5:23-32 |
| gentiles | ἔθνη | अन्यजातीयाः | anyajātīyāḥ | Medium | 2:11; 3:1,6,8 |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | इस्राएलः | isrāelaḥ | Medium | 2:12 |
| sin(s) | ἁμαρτία | पापम् | pāpam | High | 2:1 |
| power (of God) | δύναμις | सामर्थ्यम् | sāmarthyam | High | 1:19; 3:7,16,20 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | शान्तिः | śāntiḥ | Medium | 2:14-17; 6:15,23 |
| election | ἐκλογή (cognate: ἐκλέγομαι/ἐξελέξατο) | परमेश्वरस्य वरणम् | parameśvarasya varaṇam | High | 1:4 |
| spiritual gifts | χαρίσματα (cognate: χάρισμα-family, δόμα/δωρεά in Eph 4:7-11) | आत्मिकं वरदानम् | ātmikaṃ varadānam | Medium | 4:7-11 |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | धन्यवादः | dhanyavādaḥ | Low | 1:16; 5:4,20 |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | सहभागिता | sahabhāgitā | Low | (implicit corporate-body sense) |
| law | νόμος | विधिः | vidhiḥ | High | 2:15 |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | उत्तेजनम् | uttejanam | Low | 4:1 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | धार्मिकता | dhārmikatā | Critical | 4:24; 5:9; 6:14 |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | सत्यम् | satyam | High (per armor-of-God context) | 1:13; 4:15,21,24,25; 6:14 |
B. New terms introduced for Ephesians
| English term | Greek | Sanskrit | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine category | First occurrence | Rejected alternatives & reasoning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| predestined / foreordained | προορίζω | पूर्वनिर्णयः | pūrvanirṇayaḥ | Critical | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:5,11 | दैवम्, भाग्यम् (impersonal fate — baseline-rejected for election/providence); कर्मफलम् (automatic karmic result). Modeled on baseline’s निर्णय (justification) — a Mīmāṃsā/Nyāya definitively-ascertained conclusion, repurposed for God’s own sovereign prior decision. |
| mystery | μυστήριον | रहस्यम् | rahasyam | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19 | गुह्यम् (Tantric secret-rite/mantra term); निगूढतत्त्वम् (imports Sāṃkhya तत्त्व apparatus). Must always carry the reversal-note: unlike guru-mediated, adhikāra-restricted esoteric secrecy, this mystery is now proclaimed openly to all. |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | क्रयत्राणम् | krayatrāṇam | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:7,14 | विमोचनम् (shares √muc root with forbidden मोक्षः); मुक्तिः (forbidden outright). Built on established √trā (त्राणम्) plus “purchased” sense. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία | उत्तराधिकारः | uttarādhikāraḥ | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:11,14,18 | दायः/दायभागः (named dharmaśāstra inheritance-law school with partial, birth-order-conditioned shares). |
| seal (of the Spirit) | σφραγίζω | मुद्रा / मुद्रांकितः | mudrā / mudrāṅkitaḥ | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:13; 4:30 | Must be distinguished from tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇa (Vaiṣṇava branding-initiation) and Tantric/Haṭha-yogic mudrā hand-gestures. |
| guarantee / down payment | ἀρραβών | अग्रिमदानम् | agrimadānam | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:14 | Commercial term; minimal baggage. |
| fullness | πλήρωμα | पूर्णता | pūrṇatā | High | The Mystery of Christ Revealed / Church as Body of Christ | 1:23; 3:19; 4:13 | Bare पूर्णम् rejected as too directly citing Īśa Upaniṣad’s “pūrṇam idam pūrṇam adaḥ” mantra. Mandatory personal/relational-indwelling note required at every occurrence. |
| heavenly places | ἐπουράνιος | दिव्यलोकः | divyalokaḥ | High | Church as Body of Christ / Spiritual Warfare | 1:20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12 | स्वर्गः rejected — Bhagavad Gītā 9.21 names Svarga an impermanent merit-reward realm one falls from; Ephesians’ heavenly realm is Christ’s permanent reign. |
| rulers and authorities (cosmic, subordinated to Christ) | ἀρχή, ἐξουσία | शासकाः, सत्ताधारिणः | śāsakāḥ, sattādhāriṇaḥ | Medium | Church as Body of Christ | 1:21; 3:10 | अधिकारिणः avoided where possible (Mīmāṃsā/Vedānta adhikāra overtone). |
| dead (spiritually) | νεκρός | मृतः | mṛtaḥ | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:1,5 | Mandatory note distinguishing from the death-moment that triggers transmigration in Sāṃkhya-Yoga/Vedānta. |
| trespasses | παράπτωμα | अपराधः | aparādhaḥ | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:1,5 | Paired synonym with पापम्, not a substitute for it. |
| disobedience | ἀπείθεια | अनाज्ञापालनम् | anājñāpālanam | Medium | Universal Human Accountability | 2:2; 5:6 | Built by negation on baseline’s आज्ञापालनम् (obedience_of_faith). |
| flesh (fallen-nature sense) | σάρξ | मांसम् / शारीरिक-अभिलाषा | māṃsam / śārīrika-abhilāṣā | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:3 | प्रकृतिः (Sāṃkhya’s primordial-matter term) and वासना (Yoga/Buddhist latent-karmic-impression term) both explicitly rejected. |
| desires | ἐπιθυμία | अभिलाषा | abhilāṣā | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:3 | General ethical convergence with tṛṣṇā-vocabulary; no sharp collision. |
| wrath (God’s) | ὀργή | क्रोधः | krodhaḥ | High | Universal Human Accountability | 2:3 | Must be taught as settled judicial disposition against sin universally, not an episodic mythological deity-anger narrative (e.g. Rudra/Kālī). |
| mercy | ἔλεος | कृपा | kṛpā | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:4 | NOTE: कृपा was rejected in baseline only as a substitute for grace (अनुग्रहः); it correctly renders the distinct term “mercy” here. Must not be conflated with अनुग्रहः. |
| love (God’s, agapē) | ἀγάπη | प्रेम | prema | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:4; 5:2,25 | Must be distinguished from Gaudīya Vaiṣṇava prema (cultivated devotional rasa, bhakti-rasa theology) — God’s agapē precedes and causes salvation; it is not a devotee’s cultivated attainment. |
| made alive / raised / seated with (Christ) | συζωοποιέω / συνεγείρω / συγκαθίζω | सजीवीकृतः / सहोत्थापितः / सहासितः | sajīvīkṛtaḥ / sahotthāpitaḥ / sahāsitaḥ | Critical | Christian Identity in Christ; Resurrection | 2:5-6 | Must preserve “together with Christ,” never an independently-achieved awakening. |
| gift (of salvation) | δῶρον | दानम् | dānam | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:8 | Must be distinguished from dāna-puṇya (meritorious giving that generates merit for the giver) — here God is the giver and no merit accrues to the human recipient. |
| works | ἔργα | कर्माणि | karmāṇi | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:9-10 | Mandatory note contrasting with karma-phala (automatic result of ritual/moral action) at every occurrence. |
| boast | καυχάομαι | आत्मश्लाघा | ātmaślāghā | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:9 | Ordinary reflexive compound; not a metaphysical आत्मन् claim. |
| workmanship | ποίημα | कृतिः | kṛtiḥ | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:10 | Straightforward. |
| created | κτίζω | सृष्टः | sṛṣṭaḥ | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:10 | Note distinguishing from cyclical sṣṭi-sthiti-pralaya cosmology; here a personal, decisive, once-for-all act. |
| one new man / one new humanity | εἷς καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | एका नवा मानवता | ekā navā mānavatā | Critical | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2:15 | पुरुषः explicitly rejected — Sāṃkhya’s eternal, unchanging conscious principle (cannot be “created”) and the Puruṣa-sūkta’s varṇa-origin myth (RV 10.90). |
| dividing wall / enmity | μεσότοιχον / ἔχθρα | विभाजिका भित्तिः / वैरम् | vibhājikā bhittiḥ / vairam | Low-Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:14-16 | Descriptive; no rival technical sense. |
| reconcile | ἀποκαταλλάσσω | सन्धानम् | sandhānam | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:16 | Felicitous parallel with Arthaśāstra’s sandhi (peace-treaty); note secular-political register. |
| access | προσαγωγή | प्रवेशः | praveśaḥ | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles; Universal Scope of the Gospel | 2:18; 3:12 | Ties to baseline’s varṇa/adhikāra-restricted Vedic ritual-access caution; must remain unqualified/universal. |
| fellow citizens / household of God | σύμπολῖται / οἰκεῖοι θεοῦ | सहनागरिकाः / परमेश्वरस्य परिवारः | sahanāgarikāḥ / parameśvarasya parivāraḥ | Low-Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:19 | Descriptive. |
| cornerstone / foundation / temple (dwelling place) | ἀκρογωνιαῖος / θεμέλιος / ναός | कोणशिला / आधारः / पवित्रं निवासस्थानम् | koṇaśilā / ādhāraḥ / pavitraṃ nivāsasthānam | High (temple) | Church as Body of Christ | 2:20-22 | मन्दिरम्/देवालयः rejected, same reasoning as baseline’s church entry — image-centered shrine sense not intended. |
| circumcision | περιτομή | त्वक्च्छेदः | tvakchedaḥ | Low | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:11 | Descriptive physical/covenantal marker. |
| stewardship / administration | οἰκονομία | व्यवस्था | vyavasthā | Medium | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 3:2,9 | Possible dharmaśāstra “formal ruling” overtone; context disambiguates. |
| fellow heirs | συγκληρονόμος | सहोत्तराधिकारी | sahottarādhikārī | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 3:6 | Same दायभाग caution as “inheritance.” |
| boldness / confident access | παρρησία | निर्भयता | nirbhayatā | Medium | Universal Scope of the Gospel | 3:12 | Confidence is granted, not earned through ascetic qualification. |
| rooted and grounded | ῥιζόω / θεμελιόω | मूलितः स्थापितः च | mūlitaḥ sthāpitaḥ ca | Low | Church as Body of Christ | 3:17 | Agricultural/architectural metaphor. |
| fullness of God | πλήρωμα τοῦ θεοῦ | पूर्णता (परमेश्वरस्य) | pūrṇatā (parameśvarasya) | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 3:19 | Closest single occurrence to the Īśa Upaniṣad pūrṇam mantra; strongest personhood/indwelling note required. |
| unity | ἑνότης | ऐक्यम् | aikyam | Critical | Church as Body of Christ | 4:3,13 | Directly overlaps Advaita’s aikya/tādātmya (ātman-Brahman non-dual identity) vocabulary. Must be taught as relational/ethical oneness among distinct persons, never identity-collapse. |
| evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής | सुसमाचारप्रचारकः | susamācāraprachārakaḥ | Low-Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | Built on baseline सुसमाचार+प्रचार roots. |
| pastor / shepherd | ποιμήν | पालकः | pālakaḥ | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | गोपालः rejected — near-exclusive Kṣṇa-Gopāla bhakti epithet. |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος | उपदेशकः | upadeśakaḥ | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | गुरुः rejected — guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage-authority apparatus (per baseline apostle entry). |
| equipping | καταρτισμός | सुसज्जीकरणम् | susajjīkaraṇam | Low-Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:12 | Descriptive. |
| maturity / mature manhood | τέλειος | प्रौढत्वम् | prauḍhatvam | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:13 | सिद्धिः-family and पुरुषः both rejected. |
| old self / new self | παλαιὸς / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | पुराणः जनः / नवः जनः | purāṇaḥ janaḥ / navaḥ janaḥ | Critical | Walking in Newness of Life | 4:22-24 | पुरुषः rejected — same Sāṃkhya/Puruṣa-sūkta reasoning as “one new humanity.” |
| renewed in mind | ἀνανεόω | मनसः नवीकरणम् | manasaḥ navīkaraṇam | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 4:23 | मनस् relatively neutral cognitive term. |
| grieve (the Spirit) | λυπέω | न शोचयत (शोकः) | na śocayata (śokaḥ) | High | Walking in Newness of Life; Holy Spirit personhood | 4:30 | Reinforces (does not merely risk) the mandatory Holy Spirit personhood note — an impersonal reality cannot be grieved. |
| fragrant offering and sacrifice | προσφορά / θυσία | आत्मबलिदानम् / सुगन्धः | ātmabalidānam / sugandhaḥ | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith (atonement) | 5:2 | बलिः यज्ञः rejected — the Mīmāṃsā apūrva-producing ritual-mechanics framework; Christ’s offering is a unique, personal, once-for-all act of love, not a repeatable technique. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | अन्यदेवाराधना | anyadevārādhanā | Critical | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:5 | मूर्तिपूजा explicitly rejected — names mainstream Hindu devotional image-worship itself, not Paul’s specific target (covetousness as a rival god). |
| sexual immorality | πορνεία | व्यभिचारः | vyabhicāraḥ | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:3 | General dharmaśāstra overlap; no single-school collision. |
| covetousness | πλεονεξία | लोभः | lobhaḥ | Low-Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:3,5 | Convergence with the classical “ṣaḍ ripu” ethical list. |
| darkness (moral) / light | σκότος / φῶς | अन्धकारः / प्रकाशः | andhakāraḥ / prakāśaḥ | High (darkness) | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:8-14 | तमस् explicitly rejected — Sāṃkhya guṇa-theory constituent, not a moral category. |
| be filled with the Spirit | πληρόω | पूर्णं कुरुत (पवित्र आत्मा) | pūrṇaṃ kuruta (pavitra ātmā) | Critical | Walking in Newness of Life; Holy Spirit personhood | 5:18 | Compounds the πλήρωμα caution with the mandatory Holy Spirit personhood note. |
| submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω | अधीनता | adhīnatā | High | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 5:21-24 | Must be paired with the husband’s mutual, sacrificial-love command (5:25); explicitly distinguished from Manusmṛti 5.148/9.3’s one-directional lifelong female dependency doctrine. |
| head | κεφαλή | शिरस् | śiras | High | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships; Church as Body of Christ | 1:22; 4:15; 5:23 | प्रधानः rejected (Sāṃkhya prakṛti-synonym); rendered organically to preserve the single Christ-church/husband-wife body-metaphor. |
| mystery (of marriage) | μυστήριον | रहस्यम् | rahasyam | Critical | Household Codes; Mystery of Christ Revealed | 5:32 | Same entry as Ch.1 mystery — marriage’s ultimate referent is Christ and the church. |
| obey (children/parents) | ὑπακούω | आज्ञां पालयन्तु | ājñāṃ pālayantu | Medium | Household Codes | 6:1 | Framed “in the Lord”; must not collapse into dharmaśāstra putra-dharma performance. |
| slave / master (household) | δοῦλος / κύριος | दासः / स्वामी | dāsaḥ / svāmī | Medium | Household Codes | 6:5,9 | दास carries some caste/status overtone; 6:9’s “same heavenly Master for both” subverts rather than reinforces hierarchy. स्वामी here is the ordinary household sense, distinct from baseline’s rejection of स्वामी as a title for God. |
| armor of God | πανοπλία | परमेश्वरस्य कवचम् | parameśvarasya kavacam | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:11,13 | Must be distinguished from kavaca-stotra genre (e.g. Durgā Kavacam) — mantric/ritual protective recitation — versus moral/doctrinal realities put on by conviction. |
| rulers, authorities, cosmic powers, spiritual forces of evil | ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, κοσμοκράτωρ, πνευματικά τῆς πονηρίας | तमसः लोकाधिपतयः / दुष्टशक्तयः | tamasaḥ lokādhipatayaḥ / duṣṭaśaktayaḥ | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:12 | लोकपालाः/दिक्पालाः (benevolent Hindu directional guardians) and named Purāṇic demon-classes (असुर, राक्षस, पिशाच) explicitly rejected; बare आत्मन्-compounds avoided to protect Holy Spirit distinction; दुष्ट-प्रत्यय distinguishes from benevolent Śākta Śakti-theology. |
| struggle / wrestle | πάλη | संग्रामः | saṃgrāmaḥ | Low-Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:12 | Straightforward. |
| word of God (rhēma) | ῥῆμα θεοῦ | परमेश्वरस्य वचनम् | parameśvarasya vacanam | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:17 | वाच्/वाक् rejected — activates Vāc-theology/śabda-brahman (Mīmāṃsā), per baseline’s covenant-entry reasoning. |
| prayer (in the Spirit) | προσευχή | प्रार्थना | prārthanā | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God; Prayer and Intercession | 6:18 | Distinguished from Vedic ritual invocation (āhvāna/homa) requiring precise mantric performance for efficacy. |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω | दूतः | dūtaḥ | Low | Mission / Evangelism | 6:20 | Context (apostolic representative of the gospel) disambiguates from Purāṇic divine-messenger usage. |
| riches | πλοῦτος | सम्पत्तिः | sampattiḥ | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:7,18; 2:7; 3:8,16 | ऐश्वर्यम् rejected — Vaiṣṇava ṣaḍguṇa-aiśvarya technical list. |
| will (of God) | θέλημα | इच्छा | icchā | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:5,9,11 | Kashmir Śaiva icchā-śakti triad noted; lower-priority risk than pan-Indian Advaita centrality. |
| purpose | πρόθεσις | उद्देशः | uddeśaḥ | Low | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:11; 3:11 | Safer default where “aim/intent” (not “will/desire”) is meant. |
| walk (conduct) | περιπατέω | आचारः / आचरणम् | ācāraḥ / ācaraṇam | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15 | Must be anchored to Spirit-given new-identity conduct, not dharmaśāstra sadācāra/varṇa-duty performance. |
| body (of Christ, ecclesial) / members | σῶμα / μέλη | शरीरम् / अङ्गानि | śarīram / aṅgāni | High | Church as Body of Christ | 1:23; 4:12,16,25; 5:23,30 | कायः rejected (Buddhist trikāya-doctrine risk); must be distinguished from Vedāntic ātman/śarīra dualism (body as a discardable vessel for a transmigrating self) — here body and Head are permanently, inseparably united. |
Risk summary (Ephesians-specific additions, cumulative with baseline)
| Tier | Count (new terms this package) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 14 | Human theologian |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker / Sanskrit-philosophically-literate scholar review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 9 | Automated / light review |
All Critical and High risk terms above require the same escalation handling specified in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md (human theologian review, mandatory translator notes at first occurrence per document). Medium risk terms route to Sanskrit-scholar review per the baseline’s substitute for “native speaker review.” This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json before any Phase 2 Ephesians segment is translated; new entries here should be merged into a version-incremented translation_memory.json prior to that phase, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:3-14’s extended doxology intensifies the need for सर्वेश्वरः’s ‘Lord of all’ force, since the passage speaks of God’s choosing ‘us’ before the foundation of the world (1:4) — a claim that must not read as one Īśvara’s provisional choice among rival devas.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 3:14-15’s wordplay (πατήρ/πατριά, ‘Father’/‘family’) should be rendered so पिता’s paternal sense visibly grounds every human family’s name.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sealing and Indwelling of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा, bare आत्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians intensifies the baseline’s Advaita ātman-Brahman collision risk beyond Romans: 4:30 (‘do not grieve the Holy Spirit’) and 4:3-4 (‘unity of the Spirit’) both require the mandatory personhood note at every occurrence, since only a distinct person can be grieved, and ‘unity of the Spirit’ must never be read through the aikya/tādātmya lens (see ‘unity’ entry). 5:18’s ‘filled with the Spirit’ compounds this with the पूर्णता/pūrṇam caution.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Serampore Sanskrit New Testament (1808) precedent.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टः
Transliteration: khrīṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry (not separately keyed in the Romans baseline, which anchors on ‘jesus’). Transliteration per the Serampore-tradition table in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. Because ἐν Χριστῷ (‘in Christ’) functions in Ephesians as the letter’s central identity-marker (1:3-14; 2:6,10,13; 4:32), the fixed locative ख्रीष्टे must be used consistently, never paraphrased periphrastically.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 4:5’s ‘one Lord’ must retain प्रभुः’s exclusivity force alongside ‘one faith, one baptism’ without softening into ‘a lord among lords.‘
Salvation
Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form त्रातः/त्राताः स्थ (‘you have been rescued’) preserves the perfect-passive theology of Eph 2:5,8. Ephesians 2:5,8 is core-passage material and must render identically wherever cited in future curricula.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Mandatory explicit redefinition at every occurrence, including the new self’s righteousness (4:24) and the breastplate of righteousness (6:14), where the note should add that this breastplate is a defensive reality given by God, not armor forged by the wearer’s own ritual merit.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थानम्
Transliteration: punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection and Union with Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Inherited from Romans package. Root for the Ephesians-specific co-verb सहोत्थापितः (2:6, ‘raised us up with him’); never पुनर्जन्म. Also grounds 1:19-20’s identification of God’s power with the resurrection-power at work in believers.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारणम्
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇam
Doctrine: Headship and Supremacy of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतारः
Inherited from Romans package. Remains fully live in this curriculum, activated at Ephesians 1:20-23’s exaltation language and implicit throughout the letter’s Christological sections; never अवतारः, per Bhagavad Gītā 4.7-8 distinction.
Predestined
Approved rendering: पूर्वनिर्णयः
Transliteration: pūrvanirṇayaḥ
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: दैवम्, भाग्यम्, कर्मफलम्
Original: προορίζω
Category: Election
NEW. Coined on the Mīmāṃsā/Nyāya निर्णय model (a definitively-ascertained conclusion reached through reasoned pūrvapakṣa-uttarapakṣa argument), repurposed for God’s own sovereign prior decision (Eph 1:5,11), never an impersonal outcome. Must be kept terminologically distinct from ‘election’ (वरणम्, the choosing itself) — predestination is specifically the prior timing/comprehensiveness.
Redemption
Approved rendering: क्रयत्राणम्
Transliteration: krayatrāṇam
Doctrine: Redemption
Rejected alternatives: विमोचनम्, मुक्तिः
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Deliberately built on the baseline’s √trā root (त्राणम्) rather than √muc, avoiding विमोचनम् (shares its root with the forbidden मोक्षः) and मुक्तिः (forbidden outright). Foregrounds a price paid by another (Christ’s blood, 1:7,14) achieving the believer’s release — a structure with no analogue in mokṣa’s self-realization framework.
Mystery
Approved rendering: रहस्यम्
Transliteration: rahasyam
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: गुह्यम्, निगूढतत्त्वम्
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Mystery
NEW. Sharpest structural reversal in this package: Vedāntic/Tantric रहस्य/गुह्य names truth deliberately restricted to qualified initiates (adhikārī) via guru-mediated transmission — the opposite movement from μυστήριον, a truth hidden for ages but now openly proclaimed to Jew and Gentile alike (1:9-10; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19). Reversal note mandatory at every occurrence, not a generic gloss.
Fullness
Approved rendering: पूर्णता
Transliteration: pūrṇatā
Doctrine: Fullness of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पूर्णम्
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Christology
NEW. Abstract noun form (never bare पूर्णम्) to reduce direct citation-overlap with the Īśa Upaniṣad’s mantra (‘pūrṇam idam pūrṇam adaḥ’), a foundational Advaita statement of Brahman’s impersonal infinite plenitude. Every occurrence, especially 3:19 (‘filled with all the fullness of God,’ the closest single wording-parallel in this letter), requires a mandatory personhood/relational-indwelling note.
Made Alive Raised Seated With Christ
Approved rendering: सजीवीकृतः / सहोत्थापितः / सहासितः
Transliteration: sajīvīkṛtaḥ / sahotthāpitaḥ / sahāsitaḥ
Doctrine: Resurrection and Union with Christ
Original: συζωοποιέω / συνεγείρω / συγκαθίζω
Category: Christology
NEW. Believers’ new life, resurrection-status, and heavenly enthronement, all inseparable from union with Christ (2:5-6). Each compound retains सह- (‘together with’) as an inseparable prefix; dropping it risks the believer’s new life being read as an independently-achieved awakening. सहोत्थापितः is built on पुनरुत्थानम् and must never drift toward पुनर्जन्म-family vocabulary.
Works
Approved rendering: कर्माणि
Transliteration: karmāṇi
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Human effort/moral performance, explicitly excluded as the ground of salvation (2:9). Unavoidable ordinary Sanskrit vocabulary; must always carry the mandatory karma-phala contrast note — Paul’s point is that salvation is NOT the automatic result of ritual/moral action.
One New Humanity
Approved rendering: एका नवा मानवता
Transliteration: ekā navā mānavatā
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: पुरुषः
Original: εἷς καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
NEW. The single, genuinely new corporate humanity Christ creates out of two formerly divided peoples (2:15). पुरुषः explicitly forbidden: it is (a) Sāṃkhya’s eternal, unchanging conscious principle, which cannot coherently be ‘created new,’ and (b) the cosmic being of the Puruṣa-sūkta (Ṛgveda 10.90), whose dismembered body is the mythic origin of the four varṇas — a catastrophic association for a doctrine whose point is abolishing an ethnic/social dividing wall.
Unity
Approved rendering: ऐक्यम्
Transliteration: aikyam
Doctrine: Unity of the Church (One Body, One Spirit)
Original: ἑνότης
Category: Church
NEW. Relational, communal, ethical oneness of the Spirit and of faith among genuinely distinct persons (4:3,13), never identity-collapse. ऐक्यम् directly overlaps Advaita Vedānta’s own vocabulary for the metaphysical non-dual identity of ātman and Brahman (aikya/tādātmya, per the mahāvākyas). Every occurrence requires an explicit note: relational/ethical oneness of purpose among distinct persons (many members, one body, 4:16), never metaphysical erasure of personal distinction. Sits at the exact intersection of two Critical-risk terms (ऐक्यम्, पवित्र आत्मा).
Old Self New Self
Approved rendering: पुराणः जनः / नवः जनः
Transliteration: purāṇaḥ janaḥ / navaḥ janaḥ
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: पुरुषः
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The former unregenerate identity versus the new Christ-shaped identity, put off and put on (4:22-24). पुरुषः explicitly rejected — an eternal, unchanging puruṣa cannot coherently be ‘put off’ or newly ‘created,’ and carries the same Puruṣa-sūkta varṇa-origin association as ‘one new humanity.’ जनः (‘person’) carries neither liability.
Fragrant Offering And Sacrifice
Approved rendering: आत्मबलिदानम्
Transliteration: ātmabalidānam
Doctrine: Sacrificial Love and Atonement of Christ
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञः
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία (εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας)
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s unique, unrepeatable, personal self-giving death, described in cultic-sacrificial language (5:2). Never bare यज्ञः, the paradigmatic Vedic fire-sacrifice around which the entire Pūrva Mīmāṃsā hermeneutical system is built, where correctly-performed ritual mechanically produces its own result (apūrva) independent of the deity’s disposition. Christ’s offering must be taught as a unique, personal, once-for-all act of love, freely accepted by grace, not a repeatable ritual technique.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: अन्यदेवाराधना
Transliteration: anyadevārādhanā
Doctrine: Idolatry and Exclusive Worship
Rejected alternatives: मूर्तिपूजा
Original: εἰδωλολατρία (5:5, ‘the covetous person, who is an idolater’)
Category: Sin
NEW. Misplaced ultimate allegiance — covetousness functioning as a rival god (5:5). मूर्तिपूजा explicitly rejected as the primary gloss, since it names the ordinary, mainstream devotional image/icon-worship practice of most living Hindu traditions, not a fringe vice; using it would misread Paul’s specific point as a blanket denunciation of the target audience’s own devotional practice.
Filled With The Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्रेण आत्मना पूर्णाः भवत
Transliteration: pavitreṇa ātmanā pūrṇāḥ bhavata
Doctrine: Ongoing Ministry of the Holy Spirit / Fullness of Christ
Original: πληρόω (ἐν πνεύματι)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The Spirit’s ongoing, personal filling of the believer, contrasted with drunkenness (5:18). Compounds both the πλήρωμα/Upaniṣadic-pūrṇam caution (see ‘fullness’) and the mandatory Holy Spirit personhood note; treat as the highest-caution Spirit-language occurrence after 3:19.
Mystery Of Marriage
Approved rendering: रहस्यम्
Transliteration: rahasyam
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships / The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: गुह्यम्, निगूढतत्त्वम्
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα ἐστίν
Category: Household
NEW. Same entry as ‘mystery’ above; here applied specifically to marriage as a living picture of Christ and the church (5:32), ‘this mystery is great.’ Never assimilate to guru-mediated esoteric secrecy.
High Risk Terms
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1’s threefold refrain (‘to the praise of his glory,’ 1:6,12,14) requires identical rendering across all three occurrences per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्तिः
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:19-20 explicitly identifies this power with the power that raised Christ from the dead; cross-reference पुनरुत्थानम् (resurrection) and never let ‘power’ drift toward an impersonal or personified cosmic energy (Śākta Śakti-theology).
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: प्रीतिः
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
NEW. Must be explicitly distinguished from Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava prema — the cultivated, ecstatic bhakti-rasa attainment theorized by Rūpa Gosvāmī as the highest fruit of sādhana. In Ephesians 2:4, God’s ἀγάπη precedes and causes salvation; it is not a devotee’s cultivated response/attainment. प्रीतिः rejected as too weak for ‘the great love with which he loved us.‘
Mercy
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Correctly renders ἔλεος, distinct from χάρις/grace (अनुग्रहः). The Romans baseline rejects कृपा only as a substitute for grace; here it is required and correct. Ephesians 2:4’s deliberate two-term sequence (mercy toward misery, then grace toward guilt) must never collapse कृपा and अनुग्रहः into one word.
Wrath
Approved rendering: क्रोधः
Transliteration: krodhaḥ
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
NEW. Must be taught as God’s settled, universal, judicial disposition against sin (Eph 2:3, ‘by nature children of wrath’), not an episodic mythological anger-narrative such as Rudra’s or Kālī’s battle-fury in the Devī Māhātmyam.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace / Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:8-9 is this curriculum’s thesis-statement parallel to Romans 1:16-17 and must render identically to Romans’ अनुग्रहः, with the karmaphala/prasāda contrast note mandatory at 2:8-9 and 4:7.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the creedal unity list (‘one faith,’ 4:5) and the instrument (not ground) of salvation (2:8).
Truth
Approved rendering: सत्यम्
Transliteration: satyam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God / Faith
Rejected alternatives: ऋतम्
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. सत्यम् carries minimal metaphysical baggage of its own; deliberately avoids ऋत, the specific Vedic cosmic-order term paired with dharma. At Eph 6:14 functions as a moral-doctrinal reality ‘put on’ by settled conviction (armor of God), not a mantric formula recited for ritual protective power.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Describes believers’ calling (1:1,4) and the temple believers are being built into (2:21).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्राः जनाः
Transliteration: pavitrāḥ janāḥ
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ऋषयः, संन्यासिनः
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. All believers, addressed as the letter’s recipients (1:1) and equipped corporately for ministry (4:12).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: ἁγιασμός (cognate ideas: ἁγιάζω, 5:26)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 5:26’s ‘washing of water with the word’ should be taught as this same non-ritual sanctifying work, not a mechanical purification rite comparable to prāyaścitta or snāna.
Adoption
Approved rendering: पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम्
Transliteration: putratvena svīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Inheritance and Adoption
Rejected alternatives: दत्तकग्रहणम्
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:5 ties adoption directly to predestination (see ‘predestined’) and must be read together with it — full inheritance rights, never दत्तकग्रहणम्’s partial-share dharmaśāstra structure.
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraḥ
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: शुभवार्ता
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The word of truth’ (1:13), ‘the mystery of the gospel’ (6:19), ‘the gospel of peace’ worn as footwear in the armor of God (6:15).
Called
Approved rendering: आहूतः
Transliteration: āhūtaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रितः
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The hope to which he has called you’ (1:18); ‘the calling to which you have been called’ (4:1,4).
Calling
Approved rendering: आह्वानम्
Transliteration: āhvānam
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रणम्
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form of ‘called’; drawn from Vedic āhvāna sacrificial invocation vocabulary and deliberately reversed (God summoning humans, not humans invoking a deity).
Sin
Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. The condition of spiritual deadness (2:1). Ephesians 2:1-5 is emphatic that the remedy is grace through Christ’s work, never a performable ritual penance (prāyaścitta).
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya varaṇam
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Original: ἐκλογή (cognate ἐξελέξατο)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign, personal choice ‘before the foundation of the world’ (1:4). Must be read alongside ‘predestined,’ which covers the specific Ephesians vocabulary (προορίζω) for the timing and comprehensiveness of this choice; वरणम् (the choosing) and पूर्वनिर्णयः (the prior timing) must remain terminologically distinct.
Law
Approved rendering: विधिः
Transliteration: vidhiḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, धर्मशास्त्रम्
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The Mosaic Law, whose commandments-and-regulations Christ abolished as the source of Jew-Gentile division (2:15); drawn from Pūrva Mīmāṃsā’s binding-scriptural-injunction category, never धर्मः/धर्मशास्त्रम्.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vidhānam
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Eternal Purpose
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्, कर्मफलम्
Inherited from Romans package. God’s personal, purposive plan realized ‘through the church’ (Eph 3:10-11) and tied to eternity-spanning election/predestination (1:11); never दैवम्/भाग्यम्/कर्मफलम्.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासस्य आज्ञापालनम्
Transliteration: viśvāsasya ājñāpālanam
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धर्माचरणम्
Inherited from Romans package. Root vocabulary for the Ephesians-coined negation अनाज्ञापालनम् (‘disobedience,’ 2:2; 5:6) and for ‘obey’ (6:1, आज्ञां पालयन्तु); preserves internal glossary consistency across curricula.
Sealed
Approved rendering: मुद्रा / मुद्रांकितः
Transliteration: mudrā / mudrāṅkitaḥ
Doctrine: Sealing and Indwelling of the Holy Spirit
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Marked with the Holy Spirit as God’s own stamp of ownership and authentication (1:13; 4:30). Must be distinguished from tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇa (Vaiṣṇava initiatory branding) and Tantric/Haṭha-yogic ritual hand-gesture mudrā — the seal is God’s invisible internal mark placed at belief, not a guru-administered physical rite.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: उत्तराधिकारः
Transliteration: uttarādhikāraḥ
Doctrine: Inheritance and Adoption
Rejected alternatives: दायः, दायभागः
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Preferred over दायः/दायभागः, the named technical category of classical Hindu inheritance law (Dāyabhāga, Mitākṣarā schools) governing partial, birth-order-conditioned shares. Ephesians pictures complete, undivided heirship (1:11,14,18; 3:6).
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: दिव्यलोकः
Transliteration: divyalokaḥ
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ / Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्गः
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Christology
NEW. Deliberately avoids स्वर्गः, the Puranic/epic heaven explicitly named impermanent at Bhagavad Gītā 9.21 (‘kṣīṇe puṇye martyalokaṃ viśanti’). Ephesians’ heavenly realm (1:20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12) is Christ’s permanent reign and believers’ permanent position in him.
Dead Spiritually
Approved rendering: मृतः
Transliteration: mṛtaḥ
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: νεκρός
Category: Salvation
NEW. Spiritual deadness — the unregenerate person’s total relational separation from God’s life prior to grace (2:1,5). Must carry a mandatory note distinguishing this from the death-moment that triggers transmigration (liṅga-śarīra departure) in Sāṃkhya-Yoga/Vedānta, per the baseline’s resurrection entry.
Flesh Fallen Nature
Approved rendering: मांसम् / शारीरिक-अभिलाषा
Transliteration: māṃsam / śārīrika-abhilāṣā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: प्रकृतिः, वासना
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
NEW. The domain of fallen human desire and self-rule (2:3), distinct from σάρξ’s literal bodily sense elsewhere (2:11; 5:29,31). Never प्रकृतिः (Sāṃkhya’s primordial-matter term) or वासना (Yoga/Buddhist latent-karmic-impression term); context alone must carry the literal/moral distinction.
Gift Of Salvation
Approved rendering: दानम्
Transliteration: dānam
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: वरदानम्
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
NEW. Salvation itself, given freely, without payment (2:8). Must be distinguished from dāna-puṇya’s merit-generating-for-the-giver structure central to the classical Hindu economy of ritual/charitable giving — here God is the giver and no merit accrues to the human recipient. वरदानम् reserved for ‘spiritual gifts,’ not used here.
Good Works
Approved rendering: सत्कर्माणि
Transliteration: satkarmāṇi
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔργα ἀγαθά
Category: Salvation
NEW. The Spirit-enabled, God-prepared fruit (never the ground) of salvation (2:10). Must always be sequenced explicitly after अनुग्रहः/विश्वासः (2:8) so as not to be read as accumulating puṇya toward salvation.
Access
Approved rendering: प्रवेशः
Transliteration: praveśaḥ
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: προσαγωγή
Category: Church
NEW. The right/ability to approach the Father, granted equally to Jew and Gentile in one Spirit (2:18; cf. 3:12). Ties directly to the Romans baseline’s varṇa/adhikāra-restricted ritual-access caution; must not be softened toward any qualification-based reading.
Cornerstone Temple
Approved rendering: पवित्रं निवासस्थानम्
Transliteration: pavitraṃ nivāsasthānam
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, देवालयः
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος / θεμέλιος / ναός
Category: Church
NEW. The church as God’s own dwelling, built on the apostles/prophets with Christ as cornerstone (कोणशिला) and foundation (आधारः) (2:20-22). Never मन्दिरम्/देवालयः, per the Romans baseline church entry — God’s personal indwelling presence within his gathered people, not an image-centered shrine.
Fellow Heirs
Approved rendering: सहोत्तराधिकारी
Transliteration: sahottarādhikārī
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: दायभागः
Original: συγκληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Gentiles sharing equally, not partially, in the promise (3:6). Same दायभाग-avoidance caution as ‘inheritance.‘
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: शरीरम् / अङ्गानि
Transliteration: śarīram / aṅgāni
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: कायः
Original: σῶμα / μέλη
Category: Church
NEW. The church as Christ’s own body, of which believers are individual members (1:23; 4:12,16,25; 5:23,30). कायः rejected for its Buddhist trikāya-doctrine associations. Must be distinguished from Vedāntic ātman/śarīra dualism, in which the body is a temporary, discardable vessel for a transmigrating self — here body and Head are permanently, inseparably united.
Grieve The Spirit
Approved rendering: न शोचयत
Transliteration: na śocayata
Doctrine: Ongoing Ministry of the Holy Spirit
Original: λυπέω
Category: God
NEW. Cause sorrow to the Holy Spirit through sin (4:30) — only a person can be grieved. Reinforces, rather than merely risks, the mandatory Holy Spirit personhood note: an impersonal ultimate reality cannot coherently be ‘grieved.’ Should be flagged as a positive teaching opportunity, not merely a risk.
Darkness And Light
Approved rendering: अन्धकारः / प्रकाशः
Transliteration: andhakāraḥ / prakāśaḥ
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: तमस्
Original: σκότος / φῶς
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The believer’s transferred moral-spiritual state (5:8-14). Deliberately rejects तमस्, the Sāṃkhya guṇa-theory term for one of the three constituent qualities of prakṛti (sattva/rajas/tamas) — a neutral metaphysical constituent, not itself a moral category of sin.
Submission
Approved rendering: अधीनता
Transliteration: adhīnatā
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
NEW. Voluntary ordering under another, framed as mutual (5:21) and applied specifically to wives (5:22-24) alongside the husband’s parallel command to sacrificial love (5:25). Must be explicitly distinguished from Manusmṛti 5.148/9.3’s one-directional lifelong female-dependency doctrine (‘a woman must never be independent’); every occurrence must be paired with the husband’s co-equal command.
Head
Approved rendering: शिरस्
Transliteration: śiras
Doctrine: Headship and Supremacy of Christ
Rejected alternatives: प्रधानः
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Household
NEW. Christ as head of the church (1:22; 4:15; 5:23) and, by the same organic body-metaphor, the husband’s relation to the wife (5:23). Rendered literally/organically, never with प्रधानः, the Sāṃkhya technical synonym for prakṛti, to preserve Paul’s single controlling body-metaphor across both referents.
Armor Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य कवचम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya kavacam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. The believer’s complete defensive/offensive equipment against spiritual, not human, enemies (6:11-17). कवच is a named, widely-practiced genre (kavaca-stotra, e.g. the Durgā Kavacam) — mantric verses recited for ritually-efficacious protection. Must be distinguished: Ephesians’ armor is composed of moral and doctrinal realities put on by settled conviction, not verses recited for their own protective power.
Cosmic Powers Of Evil
Approved rendering: तमसः लोकाधिपतयः / दुष्टशक्तयः
Transliteration: tamasaḥ lokādhipatayaḥ / duṣṭaśaktayaḥ
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: लोकपालाः, दिक्पालाः, असुराः, राक्षसाः, पिशाचाः
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους, τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. The real, personal, organized spiritual opposition believers contend with, not human enemies (6:12). Explicitly rejects लोकपालाः/दिक्पालाः (benevolent Hindu directional guardian-deities) and named Purāṇic demon-classes, each carrying an independent mythological cosmology that would misdirect the text. दुष्ट- prefix marks these as corrupted, hostile powers, distinct from benevolent Śākta Śakti-theology.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Paul’s self-designation (1:1) and a foundation-gift of the church (2:20; 3:5; 4:11).
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians’ extended body-and-marriage metaphors for the church (5:23-32) intensify but do not change this baseline choice; never मन्दिरम् or मठः.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीयाः
Transliteration: anyajātīyāḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: म्लेच्छाः
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:11-22’s entire argument for Jew-Gentile unity depends on this term carrying no pejorative weight; never म्लेच्छाः.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएलः
Transliteration: isrāelaḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The commonwealth of Israel,’ from which Gentiles were formerly excluded (2:12).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians extends this beyond peace with God (as in Romans 5:1) to horizontal peace between two formerly hostile human groups (2:14-17; also 6:15,23); both senses must avoid the private meditative-attainment reading (citta-vṛtti-nirodha).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिकं वरदानम्
Transliteration: ātmikaṃ varadānam
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: वरदानम्, सिद्धिः
Original: χαρίσματα (cognate: the δόματα/gifts of 4:7-11)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Distributed as Christ’s own gifts to equip the church (4:7-11); never सिद्धिः (aṣṭasiddhi yogic-attainment risk).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya rājyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 5:5 extends the baseline phrase with a straightforward genitive addition: ख्रीष्टस्य च परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम् (‘the kingdom of Christ and of God’).
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Christ’s and the Spirit’s ongoing intercessory ministry underlying Eph 6:18-20’s prayer instruction.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: इच्छा
Transliteration: icchā
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: θέλημα
Category: Election
NEW. God’s deliberate intention behind predestination and adoption (1:5,9,11). इच्छा is also a technical term in Kashmir Śaiva cosmogony (icchā-śakti, one of Śiva’s three creative śaktis) — a lower-priority, regional (not pan-Indian) risk compared to the Advaita centrality elsewhere in this package.
Cosmic Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: शासकाः, सत्ताधारिणः
Transliteration: śāsakāḥ, sattādhāriṇaḥ
Doctrine: Headship and Supremacy of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अधिकारिणः
Original: ἀρχή, ἐξουσία (subjected to Christ, 1:21; 3:10)
Category: Church
NEW. Standard governance vocabulary for the powers subordinated to Christ (1:21; 3:10). अधिकारिणः avoided where possible (Mīmāṃsā/Vedānta adhikāra overtone).
Trespasses
Approved rendering: अपराधः
Transliteration: aparādhaḥ
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
NEW. A false step, specific act of wrongdoing (2:1,5), paired with पापम् (‘sins’) rather than substituting for it — Paul distinguishes acts from the broader condition/category.
Disobedience
Approved rendering: अनाज्ञापालनम्
Transliteration: anājñāpālanam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἀπείθεια
Category: Sin
NEW. Built by negation on the baseline’s आज्ञापालनम् root (obedience_of_faith); the root moral condition of the unregenerate (2:2; cf. 5:6).
Created
Approved rendering: सृष्टः
Transliteration: sṛṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: κτίζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Brought into being; a decisive act of divine creation in Christ (2:10; 4:24). Shares vocabulary broadly with Hindu sṣṭi-sthiti-pralaya cosmology; note that here creation is a personal, purposive, once-for-all act ‘in Christ Jesus,’ not a cyclical cosmic process.
Reconcile
Approved rendering: सन्धानम्
Transliteration: sandhānam
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω
Category: Church
NEW. To restore two hostile parties to peace through the cross (2:16). Felicitous parallel with Arthaśāstra’s sandhi (peace-treaty ending hostility between states); translators should note the secular-political register and ensure it is not read as a mere diplomatic truce.
Stewardship
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Stewardship of the Mystery
Original: οἰκονομία
Category: Church
NEW. Paul’s Spirit-given, entrusted commission to make the mystery known (3:2,9). Possible dharmaśāstra ‘formal legal/ritual ruling’ overtone; context (‘the stewardship of this grace given to me’) sufficiently disambiguates.
Boldness
Approved rendering: निर्भयता
Transliteration: nirbhayatā
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
NEW. Confident, unrestricted freedom to approach God through Christ (3:12). This confidence is granted, not earned through ascetic qualification.
Pastor
Approved rendering: पालकः
Transliteration: pālakaḥ
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: गोपालः
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Church
NEW. One of Christ’s gifts to the church, shepherding believers (4:11). गोपालः explicitly rejected as the near-exclusive epithet of Kṛṣṇa as Gopāla/Govinda in Vaiṣṇava bhakti devotion.
Teacher
Approved rendering: उपदेशकः
Transliteration: upadeśakaḥ
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
NEW. One of Christ’s gifts to the church, instructing believers (4:11). गुरुः explicitly rejected per the baseline’s apostle-entry reasoning — invokes the guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage-transmission apparatus, a different authority-structure than a Christ-appointed office.
Maturity
Approved rendering: प्रौढत्वम्
Transliteration: prauḍhatvam
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: सिद्धिः, पुरुषः
Original: τέλειος (ἄνδρα τέλειον)
Category: Church
NEW. The corporate church’s goal of full growth and Christlikeness (4:13, literally ‘a perfect man,’ ἄνδρα τέλειον). Avoids the सिद्धि-family (aṣṭasiddhi, already rejected in the baseline’s spiritual_gifts entry) and पुरुष (Sāṃkhya/Puruṣa-sūkta caution, same reasoning as ‘one new humanity’).
Renewed In Mind
Approved rendering: मनसः नवीकरणम्
Transliteration: manasaḥ navīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀνανεόω (τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοός)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The Spirit’s ongoing inward transformation of a believer’s outlook, part of putting on the new self (4:23). मनस् is a relatively neutral cognitive-faculty term compared to बुद्धि, चित्त, or आत्मन्.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: व्यभिचारः
Transliteration: vyabhicāraḥ
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
NEW. Sexual sin generally, incompatible with the kingdom of God (5:3,5). General overlap with dharmaśāstra’s own illicit-conduct categories, no sharply named single-school collision.
Obey Children Parents
Approved rendering: आज्ञां पालयन्तु
Transliteration: ājñāṃ pālayantu
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: ὑπακούω
Category: Household
NEW. Household obedience, framed explicitly ‘in the Lord’ (6:1), not generic filial duty. Shares its root with आज्ञापालनम् (obedience_of_faith); must not collapse into dharmaśāstra putra-dharma performance detached from the gospel.
Slave Master
Approved rendering: दासः / स्वामी
Transliteration: dāsaḥ / svāmī
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: δοῦλος / κύριος (household sense)
Category: Household
NEW. The ancient household/economic bond-service relationship, relativized by both parties’ shared heavenly Master (6:9). दास carries some dharmaśāstra caste/status association; 6:9’s ‘same heavenly Master for both’ clause undercuts rather than confirms any caste-linked servile hierarchy. स्वामी here is the ordinary household sense, distinct from the baseline’s rejection of स्वामी as a title for God.
Word Of God Rhema
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वचनम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vacanam
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: वाच्, वाक्
Original: ῥῆμα θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. The sword of the Spirit, the last piece of the armor of God (6:17). वचनम् (ordinary ‘word/speech’) preferred over वाच्/वाक्, which activates Vāc-theology and Mīmāṃsā’s śabda-brahman, per the baseline’s covenant-entry reasoning.
Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχή
Category: Faith
NEW (Ephesians-specific entry, distinct from baseline ‘intercession’). Spirit-empowered, Christ-mediated address to God, at all times, for all the saints (6:18; cf. 1:16-19; 3:14-21). Distinguished from Vedic ritual invocation (āhvāna/homa), whose efficacy depends on exact mantra performance.
Riches
Approved rendering: सम्पत्तिः
Transliteration: sampattiḥ
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: ऐश्वर्यम्
Original: πλοῦτος
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s inexhaustible, freely-given abundance of grace (1:7,18; 2:7; 3:8,16). ऐश्वर्यम् rejected because it names one of the six classical ṣaḍguṇa-aiśvarya opulences of Bhagavān in Vaiṣṇava theology; सम्पत्तिः avoids that specific technical list.
Walk Conduct
Approved rendering: आचारः
Transliteration: ācāraḥ
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Habitual conduct/way of life, the letter’s governing ethical metaphor (2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15). Risks evoking dharmaśāstra’s sadācāra (prescribed varṇa-conduct); every occurrence must be anchored explicitly to conduct flowing from a Spirit-given new identity in Christ, never prescribed caste-duty performance.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ऋषिः
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. A foundation-gift of the church alongside the apostles (2:20; 3:5; 4:11).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवादः
Transliteration: dhanyavādaḥ
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term (1:16; 5:4,20).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: सत्सङ्गः
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never सत्सङ्गः (specific Vaishnava devotional-gathering practice).
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजनम्
Transliteration: uttejanam
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Paul’s appeal to walk worthy of the calling (4:1).
Purpose
Approved rendering: उद्देशः
Transliteration: uddeśaḥ
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: इच्छा
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: Election
NEW. Preferred over इच्छा where ‘aim/intent’ rather than ‘will/desire’ is meant (1:11; 3:11); carries minimal philosophical baggage.
Guarantee
Approved rendering: अग्रिमदानम्
Transliteration: agrimadānam
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
NEW. The Spirit as the present down payment guaranteeing believers’ full future inheritance (1:14). Commercial/legal term with minimal philosophical baggage.
Desires
Approved rendering: अभिलाषा
Transliteration: abhilāṣā
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
NEW. Disordered cravings that once governed unregenerate conduct (2:3); general ethical convergence with tṛṣṇā-vocabulary, no sharp collision.
Boast
Approved rendering: आत्मश्लाघा
Transliteration: ātmaślāghā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Take pride, claim credit; excluded regarding salvation (2:9). Ordinary reflexive compound, not to be confused with the baseline’s forbidden bare आत्मा usage for ‘spirit/Self.‘
Workmanship
Approved rendering: कृतिः
Transliteration: kṛtiḥ
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
NEW. A made thing, product of skilled making; believers are God’s own product (2:10). Straightforward, no major rival technical sense.
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: विभाजिका भित्तिः / वैरम्
Transliteration: vibhājikā bhittiḥ / vairam
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ / ἔχθρα
Category: Church
NEW. The Jew-Gentile barrier and hostility abolished in Christ’s flesh (2:14-16). Descriptive, no rival technical sense.
Fellow Citizens Household Of God
Approved rendering: सहनागरिकाः / परमेश्वरस्य परिवारः
Transliteration: sahanāgarikāḥ / parameśvarasya parivāraḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: συμπολῖται / οἰκεῖοι τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Gentiles’ full covenant standing, shared civic/familial belonging with the saints (2:19). Descriptive; connects to baseline father/adoption doctrine.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: त्वक्च्छेदः
Transliteration: tvakchedaḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
NEW. The physical, covenantal marker distinguishing Jew from ‘the uncircumcision’ (2:11). Straightforwardly descriptive, no major Sanskrit philosophical collision.
Rooted And Grounded
Approved rendering: मूलितः स्थापितः च
Transliteration: mūlitaḥ sthāpitaḥ ca
Doctrine: Church as the Body of Christ
Original: ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι
Category: Church
NEW. Firm stability of love as the believer’s foundation (3:17). Agricultural/architectural metaphor, straightforward.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारप्रचारकः
Transliteration: susamācāraprachārakaḥ
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church
NEW. Built on the baseline’s सुसमाचार + प्रचार roots (4:11); low collision risk.
Equipping
Approved rendering: सुसज्जीकरणम्
Transliteration: susajjīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: καταρτισμός
Category: Church
NEW. Training/preparation of the saints for ministry (4:12). Descriptive.
Covetousness
Approved rendering: लोभः
Transliteration: lobhaḥ
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: Sin
NEW. Greed, identified with idolatry (5:3,5). Felicitous convergence with the classical ‘ṣaḍ ripu’ (six enemies) of Hindu ethics.
Struggle
Approved rendering: संग्रामः
Transliteration: saṃgrāmaḥ
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πάλη
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. The contest/wrestling-match nature of spiritual warfare (6:12). Straightforward.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: दूतः
Transliteration: dūtaḥ
Doctrine: Evangelism
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Church
NEW. Paul’s self-description as Christ’s authorized representative, even while imprisoned (6:20). Also used of divine messengers in Purāṇic narrative (e.g., Yama’s dūtas), but context sufficiently disambiguates.
Referenced passages