Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Corinthians — English/Greek → Sanskrit
How to Use This Glossary
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified across the full book of 1 Corinthians (see 07_semantic_analysis.md for full argumentation). Terms are divided into two tables:
- Table A — Reused Terms from the Romans Baseline. These renderings are already fixed in
translation_memory.jsonand must be reused exactly, with no alteration. Only the 1 Corinthians-specific contextual note (if any) is added here. - Table B — New Terms Introduced or First Fully Theorized in 1 Corinthians. These do not appear in the Romans baseline and are newly assigned here; they must be added to
translation_memory.json(with version increment) before Phase 2 translation of any segment containing them, per the AI Translation Requirements’ “new term” protocol.
Risk tiers (Critical/High/Medium/Low) and review routing follow the definitions already fixed in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Table A — Reused Terms (Romans Baseline TM — Enforce Exactly)
| Term (EN) | Sanskrit | Risk | 1 Corinthians First Occurrence | 1 Corinthians-Specific Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुसमाचारः | High | 1:17; 9:12-18; 15:1 | No change; ch.15’s whole argument rests on the fixed content of this term. |
| grace | अनुग्रहः | High | 1:3-4; 3:10; 15:10; 16:23 | 15:10 is a flashpoint for the grace/effort (κοπιάω) relationship — see semantic analysis. |
| faith | विश्वासः | High | 2:5; 12:9; 13:2,13; 15:2,11,14,17 | Also appears as one of the ranked “gifts” (12:9) and one of the three abiding virtues (13:13). |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 1:30 (implied, “righteousness from God”) | Minor role compared to Romans; same mandatory redefinition rule applies wherever it occurs. |
| justification | धर्मीति निर्णयः | Critical | 6:11 (“you were… justified”) | Do not confuse with ordinary civil “judging” (κρίνω) vocabulary elsewhere in chs. 5-6. |
| salvation | त्राणम् | Critical | 1:18,21; 3:15; 5:5; 9:22; 10:33; 15:2 | Never मोक्ष/मुक्ति/निर्वाण; ch.15:2 uses the present-passive verbal form (त्रायध्वे). |
| apostle | प्रेषितः | Medium | 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-5; 12:28-29; 15:7,9 | 15:9 — Paul’s self-deprecating “least of the apostles”; 12:28 lists apostle first among gifts/offices. |
| called / calling | आहूतः / आह्वानम् | High | 1:1-2,9,24,26; 7:15,17-24 | 7:17-24 extends “calling” to one’s social/life-station — flag for contextual disambiguation from calling-to-salvation. |
| holy | पवित्रम् | High | 1:2; 3:17; 7:14,34 | 7:14 (“children are holy”) extends the term to a household-sanctity sense requiring care. |
| saints | पवित्राः जनाः | High | 1:2; 6:1-2; 16:1,15 | Consistent with Romans usage — the whole church, not an ascetic elite. |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरणम् | High | 1:2,30; 6:11 | |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थानम् | Critical | 15:4,12-13,21,42 (throughout ch.15) | The doctrinal center of the whole book; never पुनर्जन्म — see extended ch.15 notes. |
| lord | प्रभुः | Critical | throughout (e.g. 1:2,8,10; 8:6; 12:3; 15:57) | Never ईश्वरः; 12:3’s confession “Jesus is Lord” (cf. Romans 10:9) must use identical phrasing conventions. |
| father | पिता | Critical/High | 4:15; 8:6; 15:24 | 4:15 requires disambiguation between Paul’s derivative spiritual fatherhood and God’s unique Fatherhood — see ch.4 note. |
| holy spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 2:10-14; 3:16; 6:19; 12:3-13 | Dense concentration in chs. 2, 6, 12 — mandatory personhood note at every occurrence, especially adjacent to πνευματικός (see Table B). |
| church | मण्डली | Medium | 1:2; 11:18; 12:28; 14:4-5,12,19,23,28,34-35; 16:1,19 | Frequent; never मन्दिरम्/मठः for the assembly sense — contrast with the positive use of मन्दिरम् for the temple-indwelling metaphor (Table B). |
| kingdom of God | परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम् | Medium | 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24,50 | 15:24,50 tie the kingdom explicitly to the resurrection/consummation narrative. |
| law | विधिः | High | 7:19 (implied); 9:8-9,20; 14:34 (implied) | 9:9 explicitly cites “the Law of Moses.” |
| sin | पापम् | High | 6:18; 7:28,36; 15:3,17,34,56 | 15:3 ties directly to substitutionary atonement — see core-passage note. |
| gentiles | अन्यजातीयाः | Medium | 1:23; 5:1; 10:32; 12:2 | 12:2 explicitly contrasts former pagan/Gentile idol-worship with Spirit-given confession. |
| glory | महिमा | High | 2:7-8; 10:31; 11:7,15; 15:40-43 | 15:40-43 uses “glory” comparatively to describe differing degrees of resurrection-body splendor — a distinctive extension worth flagging for consistency. |
| power (of God) | सामर्थ्यम् | High | 1:18,24; 2:4-5; 4:19-20; 6:14; 15:43 | Never शक्तिः; paired antithetically with σοφία in ch.1 — both terms co-occur and must each retain their individual cautions. |
| covenant | संविद् | High | 11:25 (“new covenant”) | नवसंविद् — requires OT covenant-background explanation, as in Romans. |
| intercession/prayer | मध्यस्थता | Medium | 7:5 (implied); 14:14-15 | Minor role; no new doctrinal risk beyond Romans baseline. |
| exhort | उत्तेजनम् | Low | 1:10 (“I appeal/urge you”) | |
| fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | 1:9; 10:16-20 | 10:16-20 extends fellowship-language to the Lord’s Supper and (polemically) to “fellowship with demons” — contextual sensitivity required alongside the δαιμόνιον entry (Table B). |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवादः | Low | 1:4; 14:16-18; 15:57 | |
| peace | शान्तिः | Medium | 1:3; 7:15; 14:33; 16:11 | |
| spiritual gifts | आत्मिकं वरदानम् | Medium | 1:7; 7:7; 12:1,4,9,28,31; 14:1,12 | The doctrinal center of ch.12; also applied more loosely at 7:7 to marital/celibate state — see ch.7 note. |
| israel | इस्राएलः | Medium | 10:18 | |
| jesus / christ | यीशुः / ख्रीष्टः | Critical | throughout | Standard Serampore-tradition proper-name forms; no deviation. |
| god | सर्वेश्वरः | Critical | throughout; esp. 8:4-6 | 8:6 is the paradigm monotheistic proof-text — see semantic analysis. |
| father | पिता | Critical | 8:6; 15:24 | See above. |
| abba | अब्बा | High | (not directly quoted in 1 Cor; retained for cross-reference consistency with Romans) |
Table B — New Terms Introduced or First Fully Theorized in 1 Corinthians
| # | Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Sanskrit | Sanskrit Transliteration | Risk | First Occurrence | Alternatives Rejected | Key Notes | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | division / schism | σχίσμα | schisma | भेदः / विभेदः | bhedaḥ / vibhedaḥ | Medium-High | 1:10-12 | — | Pair with मण्डलीभेदः to avoid drift into Vedāntic bheda-abheda metaphysical register. | | 2 | strife | ἔρις | eris | कलहः | kalahaḥ | Low | 1:11; 3:3 | — | | | 3 | wisdom | σοφία | sophia | प्रज्ञा | prajñā | High | 1:17-2:13; 3:19 | ज्ञानम्, विद्या | Prajñā is itself a technical term (Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad’s third consciousness-state; Buddhist prajñā-pāramitā); mandatory redefinition every occurrence. | | 4 | foolishness | μωρία | mōria | मौर्ख्यम् | maurkhyam | Low-Medium | 1:18,21,23,25; 3:19 | — | | | 5 | cross | σταυρός | stauros | क्रूशः | krūśaḥ | Medium | 1:17-18; 2:2 | — | Established transliteration-coinage per Serampore tradition. | | 6 | boasting | καύχημα | kauchēma | गर्वः / श्लाघा | garvaḥ / ślāghā | Medium | 1:29,31 | अहंकारः | अहंकार rejected — Sāṅkhya’s technical ego-principle (third evolute of prakṛti). | | 7 | natural person / body | ψυχικός | psychikos | प्राकृतः (पुरुषः/शरीरम्) | prākṛtaḥ | Critical | 2:14; 15:44-46 | जैविकः | Resonates with Sāṅkhya prakṛti/puruṣa dualism; mandatory redefinition. | | 8 | spiritual person / body | πνευματικός | pneumatikos | आत्मिकः (पुरुषः/शरीरम्) | ātmikaḥ | Critical | 2:13,15; 3:1; 15:44-46 | — | Shares root with पवित्र आत्मा; must not imply Advaita ātman-Brahman identity for the resurrected body. | | 9 | fleshly/carnal (ethical) | σαρκικός | sarkikos | शारीरिकः / मांसलः | śārīrikaḥ / māṃsalaḥ | Medium | 3:1,3 | — | Keep distinct from positive incarnational “flesh” (Romans seed_of_david entry). | | 10 | temple (of God/Spirit, indwelling metaphor) | ναός | naos | मन्दिरम् | mandiram | High | 3:16-17; 6:19 | — | Deliberately revisits a term rejected for “church” in Romans baseline; requires explicit non-image-housing note every occurrence. | | 11 | sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | व्यभिचारः | vyabhicāraḥ | Medium-High | 5:1; 6:13,18; 7:2 | — | Frame per baseline “sin” caution (not ritual impurity resolvable by penance). | | 12 | hand over to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | paradounai tō Satana | शैतानाय समर्पणम् | śaitānāya samarpaṇam | High | 5:5 | — | Remedial/restorative discipline, not punitive social expulsion (jāti-cyuti). | | 13 | leaven / unleavened | ζύμη / ἄζυμος | zymē / azymos | किण्वम् / अकिण्वितम् | kiṇvam / akiṇvitam | High | 5:6-8 | — | Requires explicit Exodus 12/Passover background explanation. | | 14 | bought with a price | ἀγοράζω (τιμῆς) | agorazō (timēs) | मूल्येन क्रीतः | mūlyena krītaḥ | High | 6:20; 7:23 | — | Guard against a transactional/prasāda-like misreading; price paid unilaterally by Christ. | | 15 | marriage | γάμος | gamos | विवाहः | vivāhaḥ | Medium | 7:2,9-10,28,34,38-39 | — | | | 16 | unmarried / singleness | ἄγαμος | agamos | अविवाहित्वम् | avivāhitvam | High | 7:8,11,32-34 | ब्रह्मचर्यम् | ब्रह्मचर्यम् rejected — a formal varṇāśrama life-stage, not chosen lifelong singleness. | | 17 | self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | आत्मसंयमः | ātmasaṃyamaḥ | Medium | 7:9 (implied); 9:25 | — | Distinguish from Patañjali’s technical संयम (Yoga Sūtra 3.4). | | 18 | virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | कुमारी | kumārī | Low | 7:25-38 | — | | | 19 | idol | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | प्रतिमा / देवप्रतिमा | pratimā / devapratimā | Critical | 8:4-7; 10:19; 12:2 | मूर्तिः, विग्रहः | मूर्ति/विग्रह rejected — positively-valenced consecrated-image terms implying real divine presence; contradicts Paul’s “idol is nothing.” | | 20 | food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | eidōlothyton | देवप्रतिमाभ्यः निवेदितं मांसम् | devapratimābhyaḥ niveditaṃ māṃsam | Critical | 8:1,4,7,10; 10:19-28 | — | Direct structural parallel to naivedya/prasāda; single highest ritual-collision point in the book — mandatory explicit theological framing every occurrence. | | 21 | knowledge | γνῶσις | gnōsis | ज्ञानम् | jñānam | High | 8:1-11; 12:8; 13:2,8 | — | Subordinated to love (8:1; 13:2) — structurally opposed to jñāna-mārga’s sufficiency-for-liberation claim. | | 22 | conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | अन्तःकरणम् | antaḥkaraṇam | High | 8:7,10,12; 10:25,27-29 | — | Sāṅkhya/Vedānta technical inner-instrument complex (manas-buddhi-ahaṅkāra); mandatory redefinition as moral faculty. | | 23 | one God, one Lord (confession) | εἷς θεός… εἷς κύριος | heis theos… heis kyrios | सर्वेश्वरः… प्रभुः | (reused compound) | Critical | 8:6 | — | Paradigm proof-text for सर्वेश्वरः/प्रभुः against “many gods and many lords” — direct confrontation with polytheistic devotional landscape. | | 24 | imperishable crown | στέφανος ἄφθαρτος | stephanos aphthartos | अविनाशी मुकुटम् | avinaśī mukuṭam | Medium | 9:25 | अक्षरं मुकुटम् | अक्षर rejected — see #33 below. | | 25 | type / example | τύπος | typos | दृष्टान्तः / प्रतीकम् | dṛṣṭāntaḥ / pratīkam | Medium | 10:6,11 | — | Requires OT Exodus background explanation; linear, not yuga-cyclical. | | 26 | baptism | βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα | baptizō / baptisma | बप्तिस्मः | baptismaḥ | High | 1:13-17; 10:2; 12:13; 15:29 | दीक्षा | दीक्षा rejected — guru-mediated ritual initiation with mantra-transmission; use established transliteration instead. | | 27 | demon | δαιμόνιον | daimonion | पिशाचः | piśācaḥ | High | 10:20-21 | असुरः, राक्षसः | असुर rejected (deva-asura cosmological dualism, ambiguous moral status); राक्षस rejected (specific epic-narrative monstrous-being category). | | 28 | Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | kyriakon deipnon | प्रभुभोजनम् | prabhubhojanam | Critical | 11:20 | — | Central sacramental term; distinguish from ch.10’s polemical “table of the Lord.” | | 29 | remembrance (Eucharistic) | ἀνάμνησις | anamnēsis | स्मरणम् | smaraṇam | High | 11:24-25 | श्राद्धम् | श्राद्ध rejected — Hindu ancestral memorial-rite category (piṇḍa-offerings for the deceased’s postmortem welfare); categorically different structure. | | 30 | headship | κεφαλή | kephalē | शिरः / शिरस्त्वम् | śiraḥ / śirastvam | High | 11:3 | — | Relational-order image, not an ontological/varṇa-style worth-ranking; flagged for authority/gender review per AI-instructions. | | 31 | head covering | κάλυμμα / ἀκατακάλυπτος | kalymma / akatakalyptos | आवरणम् / अनावृतः | āvaraṇam / anāvṛtaḥ | Medium | 11:4-15 | — | Honor/shame cultural-sensitivity flag, not doctrinal Critical/High. | | 32 | image (of God, humanity) | εἰκών | eikōn | प्रतिरूपम् | pratirūpam | Medium | 11:7 | प्रतिमा | प्रतिमा deliberately avoided here to keep lexically distinct from “idol” (#19) — same English word, opposite theological valence. | | 33 | body of Christ / members | σῶμα Χριστοῦ / μέλη | sōma Christou / melē | ख्रीष्टस्य शरीरम् / अङ्गानि | khrīṣṭasya śarīram / aṅgāni | Critical | 12:12-27 | — | Echoes Puruṣasūkta (Ṛgveda 10.90.11-12) varṇa-origin-from-cosmic-body myth; Paul’s use dissolves rather than grounds hierarchy — mandatory contrast note. | | 34 | discerning of spirits | διάκρισις πνευμάτων | diakrisis pneumatōn | आत्मनां विवेकः | ātmanāṃ vivekaḥ | High | 12:10 | — | Plural “spirits” must be sharply distinguished from the singular, personal पवित्र आत्मा; recommend periphrasis over bare plural आत्मानः. | | 35 | tongues | γλῶσσαι | glōssai | भाषाः / जिह्वाभाषा | bhāṣāḥ / jihvābhāṣā | High | 12:10,28,30; 13:1,8; 14:1-40 | — | Risk of assimilation to Vāc-theology/śabda-brahman or ritually-efficacious mantra-recitation; frame as intelligible Spirit-given sign-speech. | | 36 | interpretation (of tongues) | ἑρμηνεία | hermēneia | अर्थकथनम् | arthakathanam | Low | 12:10,30; 14:26-28 | — | | | 37 | love | ἀγάπη | agapē | प्रेम | prema | Critical | 13:1-13 (throughout); 8:1; 16:14,24 | प्रीतिः, स्नेहः | Central term of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava prema-bhakti/rasa theology (mādhurya-rasa); mandatory note distinguishing willed self-giving love from aesthetic-devotional rasa. | | 38 | mirror, dimly / riddle | αἴνιγμα / ἔσοπτρον | ainigma / esoptron | दर्पणे रहस्यरूपेण | darpaṇe rahasyarūpeṇa | Medium | 13:12 | माया-based rendering | Guard against assimilation to Advaitic māyā (illusory/provisional reality) — Paul’s point is epistemic limitation, not ontological illusion. | | 39 | edification | οἰκοδομή | oikodomē | उन्नतिः / निर्माणम् | unnatiḥ / nirmāṇam | Low | 14:3-26 | — | | | 40 | disorder / confusion | ἀκαταστασία | akatastasia | अव्यवस्था | avyavasthā | Low | 14:33 | — | | | 41 | firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | aparchē | प्रथमफलम् | prathamaphalam | High | 15:20,23 | — | Parallels Vedic āgrayaṇa/agrayajña first-portion offering; direction of guarantee differs (secures a future harvest of the same kind, not divine favor). | | 42 | perishable / imperishable | φθαρτόν / ἄφθαρτον | phtharton / aphtharton | विनाशी / अविनाशी | vinaśī / avinaśī | High | 15:42,50,53-54 | अक्षरम् | अक्षर rejected — Bhagavad Gītā 8.3/8.21 and Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad’s technical term for the imperishable Absolute or the syllable Oṃ. | | 43 | seed sown (resurrection analogy) | σπείρεται | speiretai | बीजम् उप्यते | bījam upyate | Medium-High | 15:36-38,42-44 | — | बीज is also Yoga/Sāṅkhya’s technical karma-seed (karma-bīja/vāsanā-bīja) germinating future births; must specify same-organism transformation, not new embodiment. | | 44 | Son’s subjection to the Father | ὑποταγήσεται | hypotagēsetai | वशं गमिष्यति / अधीनः भविष्यति | vaśaṃ gamiṣyati / adhīnaḥ bhaviṣyati | Critical | 15:28 | — | Must not imply ontological inferiority or Advaitic Īśvara-subordination-to-māyā; mandatory human theologian review every occurrence. | | 45 | mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | रहस्यम् | rahasyam | Medium | 15:51 | — | Note contrast with Upaniṣadic “secret teaching” self-designation; this mystery is now openly revealed, not restricted to initiates. | | 46 | victory | νῖκος | nikos | जयः | jayaḥ | Low | 15:54-57 | — | | | 47 | Maranatha | Μαρανα θα | Marana tha | मारान् अथा | mārāna athā | Medium | 16:22 | — | Preserve as transliteration, per अब्बा precedent in Romans baseline. | | 48 | collection (for the saints) | λογία | logia | सङ्ग्रहः | saṅgrahaḥ | Low | 16:1-2 | — | | | 49 | holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | पवित्रं चुम्बनम् | pavitraṃ cumbanam | Low | 16:20 | — | Cultural-practice note for the intended audience, not a doctrinal caution. |
Summary of Risk Distribution (1 Corinthians-Specific New Terms, Table B)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 15 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 17 | Sanskrit-philosophically-literate scholar |
| Low | 9 | Automated review |
Total new terms this curriculum: 49, in addition to the ~40 reused terms carried forward unchanged from the Romans baseline (Table A). Terms of note requiring the highest priority flagging for Phase 2, consistent with the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md: εἰδωλόθυτον/idol food (#20), σῶμα Χριστοῦ/body of Christ (#33), ἀγάπη/love (#37), σῶμα ψυχικόν-πνευματικόν/natural-spiritual body (#7-8, treated jointly in the semantic analysis), and ὑποταγήσεται/the Son’s subjection (#44) — each representing a genuinely citable, textually-grounded classical Sanskrit doctrinal collision, not a diffuse cultural-background risk.
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (version increment required) before Phase 2 segment translation of any file drawn from 1 Corinthians.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Mandatory explicit redefinition at every occurrence, dharma’s puruṣārtha weight being unavoidable. 1 Corinthians context: 1:30, ‘Christ became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption’ — risk that this chain reads as sequential ritual accomplishments rather than a single unified gift; redefine as a unit, not term-by-term.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मीति निर्णयः
Transliteration: dharmīti nirṇayaḥ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा, पुण्यार्जनम्
Original: δικαιόω / ἐδικαιώθητε
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Borrowed from Mīmāṃsā/Nyāya’s formal, reasoned निर्णय (siddhānta reached after pūrvapakṣa/uttarapakṣa). 1 Corinthians context: 6:11, ‘you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified’ — must be kept lexically distinct from the ordinary civil-litigation vocabulary of 6:1-8 (κρίνεσθαι, ‘to go to law’); do not let this term’s forensic weight bleed into mundane lawsuit discussion or vice versa.
Salvation
Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. NEVER मोक्षः/मुक्तिः/निर्वाणम्. 1 Corinthians context: 15:2’s present-passive σῴζεσθε (‘you are being saved’) should be rendered त्रायध्वे, a verbal form built on this root, preserving ongoing rescue without importing liberation-cycle metaphysics. Also at 1:18,21; 3:15; 5:5; 9:22; 10:33.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थानम्
Transliteration: punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. NEVER पुनर्जन्म (Sāṅkhya-Yoga/Vedānta transmigration mechanism via karmāśaya/liṅga-śarīra). 1 Corinthians context: this is the doctrinal center of the entire book (chapter 15, throughout). The perfect tense of ‘has been raised’ (15:4, ἐγήγερται) must be rendered with a Sanskrit resultative construction, पुनरुत्थितः अस्ति, preserving a permanent, non-repeatable state — never a simple past that could imply a further cycle. Also at 15:12-13,21,42.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. ईश्वरः rejected for its Advaitic subordination-to-māyā liability (Īśvara as a saguṇa manifestation superseded by nirguṇa Brahman). 1 Corinthians context: 12:3’s confession ‘no one can say Jesus is Lord except by the Holy Spirit’ must use identical phrasing conventions to Romans 10:9’s यीशुः प्रभुः अस्ति (see the new ‘jesus_is_lord_confession’ entry below). Used throughout, e.g. 1:2,8,10; 8:6; 15:57.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Never ब्रह्मा (Purāṇic trimūrti creator) or प्रजापतिः (Vedic creator-figure). 1 Corinthians context: God’s unique Fatherhood at 8:6 and 15:24 (‘delivers the kingdom to God the Father’). Must be kept grammatically and contextually distinct from Paul’s own derivative ministerial fatherhood at 4:15 — see the new ‘ministerial_fatherhood’ entry below, which must NEVER be rendered with bare पिता alone.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. THE single highest-stakes term: āyman’s mahāvākya identity claim (tat tvam asi; ayam ātmā brahma; ahaṃ brahmāsmi) risks collapsing Trinitarian personhood into monistic Self-identity. 1 Corinthians context: unusually dense concentration at 2:10-14 (Spirit searching the depths of God), 3:16 and 6:19 (indwelling as in a temple), and 12:3-13 (distributing gifts) — several occurrences adjacent to the root-sharing adjectives ψυχικός/πνευματικός (see new ‘natural_person’/‘spiritual_person’ entries), multiplying the collision risk. Mandatory personhood note at every single occurrence without exception.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Serampore Sanskrit New Testament (1808) precedent. 1 Corinthians context: central to the resurrection kerygma of chapter 15.
God
Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Original: θεός
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Following de Nobili’s precedent, closes off the ‘one god among many’ reading. 1 Corinthians context: 8:5-6 is this book’s paradigm proof-text — ‘many so-called gods and many lords’ is a near-verbatim description of the Hindu devotional landscape of many devas and iṣṭa-devatās, precisely the confusion सर्वेश्वरः was designed to foreclose. Zero deviation permitted anywhere in this book.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टः
Transliteration: khrīṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: Christology / Messianic Fulfillment
Rejected alternatives: अवतारपुरुषः
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW TM ENTRY (established already in the Romans baseline’s transliteration-standards table in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, but not previously a standalone TM key; formalized here since 1 Corinthians uses ‘Christ’ as a title/name with extremely high frequency). Serampore-tradition transliteration, consistent with the Romans baseline’s ‘messiah’ entry (मसीहः, for the Hebrew concept) but distinct from it as the personal title of Jesus. Never अवतारपुरुषः (an avatāra-figure within Viṣṇu’s daśāvatāra sequence). ‘Christ crucified’ is the content of Paul’s proclamation (1:23; 2:2); ‘Christ has been raised’ is the resurrection argument’s foundation (15:12-20).
One God One Lord
Approved rendering: एकः सर्वेश्वरः, एकः प्रभुः
Transliteration: ekaḥ sarveśvaraḥ, ekaḥ prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Monotheistic Confession (One God, One Lord)
NEW TM ENTRY locking the exact phrasing of 1 Corinthians 8:6, this book’s paradigm proof-text against ‘many so-called gods and many lords’ (8:5). Composed exactly from the already-fixed सर्वेश्वरः (‘god’) and प्रभुः (‘lord’) entries; must never substitute देवः/भगवान्/bare ईश्वरः for either half. This exact phrase should be used consistently at every subsequent reference to this confession across Phase 2 documents.
Jesus Is Lord Confession
Approved rendering: यीशुः प्रभुः अस्ति
Transliteration: yīśuḥ prabhuḥ asti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: यीशुः ईश्वरः अस्ति
NEW TM ENTRY. 1 Corinthians 12:3 (‘no one can say Jesus is Lord except by the Holy Spirit’) must use IDENTICAL phrasing to the Romans baseline’s fixed rendering of Romans 10:9’s salvation confession. This exact string must appear verbatim at every occurrence across both curricula per the Theological Consistency Rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: प्राकृतः (पुरुषः/शरीरम्)
Transliteration: prākṛtaḥ (puruṣaḥ/śarīram)
Doctrine: Natural and Spiritual Persons
Rejected alternatives: जैविकः
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
Shares its root with प्रकृति, Sāṅkhya’s technical term for primal, non-conscious matter-principle paired with puruṣa (‘spirit/self’) in Sāṅkhya-Yoga dualism. जैविकः (‘biological’) rejected as too weak to carry the theological register while not fully escaping the association either. Mandatory redefinition at every occurrence: ‘unregenerate, without the Spirit’s discernment’ (2:14) or ‘the ordinary, mortal, Adam-derived body’ (15:44-46) — never an assertion about Sāṅkhya’s prakṛti-puruṣa metaphysical dualism.
Spiritual Person
Approved rendering: आत्मिकः (पुरुषः/शरीरम्)
Transliteration: ātmikaḥ (puruṣaḥ/śarīram)
Doctrine: Natural and Spiritual Persons
Original: πνευματικός
Category: Sanctification
Built directly on आत्मन्, requiring the same Holy Spirit personhood caution as पवित्र आत्मा itself. Must never be read as ‘one who has realized identity between the individual self (ātman) and the universal Self (Brahman)’ per the Upaniṣadic mahāvākyas; means solely ‘indwelt/taught/transformed by the Holy Spirit.’ 1 Corinthians 2:13,15; 3:1; and, at 15:44-46, the resurrection body transformed and empowered by the Spirit — NOT a body of pure undifferentiated Self.
Idol
Approved rendering: प्रतिमा / देवप्रतिमा
Transliteration: pratimā / devapratimā
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: मूर्तिः, विग्रहः
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Idolatry
मूर्तिः and विग्रहः explicitly rejected: both are standard, positively-valenced Hindu terms for a consecrated devotional image in which Āgamic/Purāṇic theology holds a real divine presence to be invited via pratiṣṭhā (consecration). Using either would flatly contradict Paul’s claim that ‘an idol is nothing’ (8:4) and risk being read as a direct doctrinal attack on mūrti-pūjā itself. प्रतिमा/देवप्रतिमा retained as least devotionally-loaded; every occurrence requires an explicit note that Paul’s argument concerns the idol’s unreality as a rival deity, not a direct theological verdict on the Hindu doctrine of divine presence in a consecrated mūrti. 1 Corinthians 8:4-7; 10:19; 12:2.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: देवप्रतिमाभ्यः निवेदितं मांसम्
Transliteration: devapratimābhyaḥ niveditaṃ māṃsam
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Idolatry
THE single highest ritual-collision point in this Language Package: the structure Paul describes — food ritually presented to an image, then distributed to and eaten by worshippers — is functionally identical to Hindu naivedya/prasāda practice. Paul’s permissive conclusion (10:25, ‘eat whatever is sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience’) must NEVER be read as endorsing prasāda-consumption as spiritually neutral in a live Hindu devotional context; his argument turns specifically on the idol’s unreality (8:4), a premise requiring explicit theological mediation at every single occurrence. 1 Corinthians 8:1,4,7,10; 10:19-28.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: प्रभुभोजनम्
Transliteration: prabhubhojanam
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Lord’s Supper
The central sacramental term of the letter; must be kept terminologically distinct from chapter 10’s polemical ‘table of the Lord’ (τράπεζα κυρίου, typological/rhetorical) — this chapter (11:20) names the actual church ordinance, not a rhetorical contrast-image.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टस्य शरीरम् / अङ्गानि
Transliteration: khrīṣṭasya śarīram / aṅgāni
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ / μέλη
Category: Spiritual Gifts
This metaphor closely echoes the Puruṣasūkta (Ṛgveda 10.90.11-12), where the four varṇas emerge from different parts of a cosmic Puruṣa’s body (brāhmaṇas from the mouth, kṣatriyas from the arms, vaiśyas from the thighs, śūdras from the feet) — a foundational mythic charter for social hierarchy ranked by bodily origin. Paul’s metaphor (12:12-27) moves in the OPPOSITE direction, arguing for the equal indispensability and honor of every member regardless of function (12:22-24), explicitly to dissolve rather than ground a status hierarchy. Mandatory contrast note at every occurrence, since a Sanskrit-literate reader trained in the Puruṣasūkta will likely hear the hierarchical resonance by default.
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: प्रीतिः, स्नेहः
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
प्रेम is the central technical term of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava bhakti theology (especially as systematized by Rūpa Gosvāmī and the Caitanya tradition), where prema-bhakti is the culminating devotional state analyzed through an elaborate rasa (aesthetic-devotional ‘flavor’) theory culminating in mādhurya-rasa, the erotic love of Rādhā for Kṛṣṇa as the paradigm of highest divine-human love. प्रीतिः and स्नेहः rejected as weaker/less-established or too tied to natural affection. प्रेम is retained for established Christian-Sanskrit precedent but requires a MANDATORY note at first occurrence (13:1) distinguishing agapē — willed, active, self-giving love demonstrated in conduct (13:4-7) — from prema-bhakti’s aesthetic-emotional rasa framework. Also 8:1; 16:14,24.
Sons Subjection
Approved rendering: वशं गमिष्यति / अधीनः भविष्यति
Transliteration: vaśaṃ gamiṣyati / adhīnaḥ bhaviṣyati
Doctrine: The Son’s Subjection to the Father
Original: ὑποταγήσεται
Category: Christology
Requires the same care as the Romans baseline’s ‘lord’ and ‘deity_of_christ’ entries: the Son’s voluntary functional subjection at the consummation (15:24-28) must not be rendered in a way suggesting ontological inferiority, nor assimilated to the Advaitic pattern in which Īśvara is a māyā-conditioned manifestation ultimately subordinate to and superseded by impersonal nirguṇa Brahman — precisely the subordination risk the Romans baseline’s प्रभुः/सर्वेश्वरः choices were designed to foreclose. ‘God may be all in all’ must not read as a monistic-absorption formula (cf. the mahāvākyas) but as the triune God’s completed personal reign. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Appeared Seen
Approved rendering: दृष्टः
Transliteration: dṛṣṭaḥ
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: दर्शनम्
CRITICAL AVOIDANCE: never the noun दर्शनम्. Darśana is the central Hindu devotional category of visually beholding and being beheld by a deity or guru (temple darśana, mūrti-darśana) and also the technical name for a ‘philosophical school.’ Using दर्शनम् for ὤφθη (1 Corinthians 15:5-8) would recast Christ’s bodily post-resurrection appearances as ritual theophanic darśana experiences rather than plain, verifiable historical sightings by named witnesses. Use the plain finite verb दृष्टः only, e.g. कैफायाः दृष्टः (‘was seen by Cephas’).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraḥ
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: शुभवार्ता
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Follows the Serampore 1808 coinage (su- ‘good’ + samācāra ‘report/conduct-account’), avoiding śubha’s astrological/ritual-timing connotation. 1 Corinthians context: 15:1-3 explicitly frames the gospel as a fixed, received (parelabete) deposit of eyewitness testimony about Christ’s death, burial, and resurrection — this reinforces rather than changes the baseline rendering; also central at 1:17, 9:12-18.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. प्रसादः rejected as a concrete ritual food-offering-and-return category; पुण्यम् rejected as accumulated karma-merit. 1 Corinthians context: 15:10 is a flashpoint — Paul’s grace-empowered labor (ekopiasa, ‘I worked harder than all of them’) must not be read as karmaphala-style automatic result of effort; grace grounds and produces the labor, the labor does not earn or activate the grace. Also at 1:3-4, 3:10, 16:23.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. श्रद्धा rejected as Gītā 17’s guṇa-classified threefold faith; भक्तिः rejected as a full soteriological mārga. 1 Corinthians context: also listed among the enumerated spiritual gifts (12:9) and among the three abiding virtues alongside hope and love (13:13); 15:2,11,14,17’s entire resurrection argument depends on faith having a specific, falsifiable historical object — must not become generic piety.
Called
Approved rendering: आहूतः
Transliteration: āhūtaḥ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रितः
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Repurposes Vedic āhvāna (human ritual invocation of a deity), reversed to mean God’s summons of a person. 1 Corinthians context: used of apostleship (1:1), sainthood (1:2), salvation (1:9, 1:24, 1:26), AND, distinctively new in this book, one’s social/marital life-station (7:15,17-24) — this fourth sense requires mandatory contextual disambiguation from calling-to-salvation at every 1 Cor 7 occurrence.
Calling
Approved rendering: आह्वानम्
Transliteration: āhvānam
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रणम्
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Noun form sharing the root of ‘called’; ordinary Vedic sense is a human ritual act toward a deity. 1 Corinthians context: 7:17-24 extends this to ‘the situation in which one was called’ (married/unmarried, slave/free) — a genuinely new nuance distinct from calling-to-salvation; flag every 1 Cor 7 occurrence for disambiguation.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Vedic root sense is ritual-mechanical purity (kuśa-grass soma-strainer), not primarily moral/relational; requires deliberate redefinition every use. 1 Corinthians context: 7:14 extends the term to describe a believing spouse’s sanctifying effect on an unbelieving spouse and children — this household-holiness sense must not be read through the ritual-purity lens; it is relational/covenantal set-apartness, not mechanically transferred cleanliness. Also 1:2; 3:17; 7:34.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्राः जनाः
Transliteration: pavitrāḥ janāḥ
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ऋषयः, संन्यासिनः
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. ऋषयः rejected (inspired Vedic-seer elite); संन्यासिनः rejected (formal fourth-āśrama renunciate status). 1 Corinthians context: 6:1-2’s ‘the saints will judge the world’ must not be read as implying an inspired ṛṣi-elite’s special cognitive access — it is a corporate, eschatological role given to all believers. Also 1:2; 16:1,15.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Distinguished from Vedic/dharmaśāstra ritual purification (śuddhi) and yogic self-purification through disciplined practice. 1 Corinthians context: listed among the gifts Christ ‘became’ for believers (1:30) and named alongside justification at 6:11 — God’s own gift, received, not self-achieved.
Law
Approved rendering: विधिः
Transliteration: vidhiḥ
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, धर्मशास्त्रम्
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Deliberately chosen from Pūrva Mīmāṃsā’s precise scriptural-injunction vocabulary. 1 Corinthians context: 9:9 explicitly cites ‘the Law of Moses’; 9:8-20’s argument that Paul is not ‘under the Law’ yet not ‘lawless’ requires this same forensic precision, not diffuse cosmic dharma. Also implied at 7:19; 14:34.
Sin
Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Moral transgression before a personal God, distinguished from dharmaśāstra’s ritual-impurity-plus-prāyaścitta-penance framework. 1 Corinthians context: 15:3’s substitutionary framing (‘Christ died for our sins,’ hyper) has no clean classical Sanskrit parallel, since karma-mīmāṃsā treats karmaphala as strictly non-transferable between agents; flag for explicit theological explanation. Also 6:18; 7:28,36; 15:17,34,56.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Original: δόξα
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. तेजस् rejected (Devī Māhātmyam’s goddess-formation narrative substance-metaphysics). 1 Corinthians context: 15:40-43 extends the term comparatively to describe differing degrees of resurrection-body splendor (sun, moon, stars) — महिमā’s majesty/greatness sense extends adequately without invoking a substance-metaphysics or goddess-formation narrative. Also 2:7-8; 10:31; 11:7,15.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्तिः
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. शक्तिः rejected — the hypostasized, personified divine feminine creative power of Śākta Tantric theology (Devī Māhātmyam). 1 Corinthians context: सामर्थ्यम् (the bare noun, without the genitive परमेश्वरस्य) is used repeatedly and ANTITHETICALLY against प्रज्ञा (‘wisdom’) at 1:18,24; 2:4-5 — this bare short-form is acceptable in context where ‘wisdom’ and ‘power’ are being deliberately paired, but शक्तिः remains absolutely forbidden either way. Also describes the resurrection body’s power (15:43) and Christ’s raising (6:14).
Covenant
Approved rendering: संविद्
Transliteration: saṃvid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: वाचा, नियमः
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. वाचा rejected (Vāc/śabda-brahman theology); नियमः rejected (Patañjali’s second yogic limb). 1 Corinthians context: 11:25’s ‘new covenant in my blood’ (नवसंविद्) requires explicit Old Testament covenant-background explanation (Jeremiah 31; Exodus 24), Sanskrit having no native covenant-renewal ritual category; do not assimilate to a general vow (vrata).
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Not directly quoted in 1 Corinthians; retained here for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency only.
Ministerial Fatherhood
Approved rendering: सुसमाचारेण पिता इव
Transliteration: susamācāreṇa pitā iva
Doctrine: Fatherhood of God vs. Ministerial Fatherhood
Rejected alternatives: bare पिता without qualifier
NEW TM ENTRY. 1 Corinthians 4:15, ‘I became your father through the gospel.’ This is Paul’s own derivative, ministerial fatherhood over the Corinthians, categorically distinct from God the Father’s unique, ultimate Fatherhood (पिता, Critical, reserved for God alone). Must NEVER be rendered with bare पिता; the qualifying phrase (literally ‘like a father through the gospel’) is mandatory every time this verse’s referent is Paul, not God.
Division
Approved rendering: भेदः / विभेदः
Transliteration: bhedaḥ / vibhedaḥ
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church Unity
भेद is also a live philosophical term in Vedāntic bheda-abheda debate (the ontological status of difference between jīva/ātman and Brahman). Must always be compounded as मण्डलीभेदः (‘church-division’) to anchor the sense socially/relationally, never metaphysically. 1 Corinthians 1:10-12; 11:18-19. Party loyalty to human teachers (Paul, Apollos, Cephas) must not be rendered through vocabulary resembling guru-sampradāya lineage rivalry, in which such loyalty is normal and expected — Paul condemns exactly this pattern.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: प्रज्ञा
Transliteration: prajñā
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञानम्, विद्या
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom and Foolishness
प्रज्ञा is heavily theorized: the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad’s third consciousness-state (prājña, the cognizer in dreamless sleep, alongside viśva/taijasa/turīya) and Buddhist prajñā-pāramitā (liberating insight). ज्ञानम् and विद्या rejected as even more directly tied to jñāna-mārga and the Upaniṣadic para-/apara-vidyā distinction. Mandatory redefinition at every 1:17-2:13 occurrence: God’s wisdom revealed in the crucified Christ, foolish to human reasoning, not an intellectual attainment reached through disciplined contemplation. Also 3:19.
Temple Indwelling
Approved rendering: मन्दिरम्
Transliteration: mandiram
Doctrine: Bodily Holiness and Redemption
Original: ναός
Category: Church
Deliberately revisits मन्दिरम्, a term the Romans baseline rejected for ‘church’ as an assembly (‘image-centered’). Here the metaphor is different — indwelling presence, not architecture — so मन्दिरम् is repurposed positively for God’s Spirit dwelling in the gathered church (3:16-17) and the individual believer’s body (6:19). Mandatory explicit note at every occurrence: God’s Spirit dwells directly, not through a consecrated image (mūrti) requiring priestly ritual to activate divine presence.
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: शैतानाय समर्पणम्
Transliteration: śaitānāya samarpaṇam
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Discipline
No classical Sanskrit category matches this remedial, reconciliation-aimed discipline; must be explicitly distinguished from dharmaśāstra’s jāti-cyuti (caste-expulsion), a punitive, often permanent social-status sanction, not intended for restoration. 1 Corinthians 5:5.
Leaven Unleavened
Approved rendering: किण्वम् / अकिण्वितम्
Transliteration: kiṇvam / akiṇvitam
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Requires explicit Exodus 12/Passover background explanation, parallel to the Romans baseline’s ‘seed of David’ treatment; no native Sanskrit ritual-calendar equivalent exists, and untranslated use risks assimilation to unrelated dharmaśāstra food-purity taboo categories (śuddhi/āśauca). 1 Corinthians 5:6-8.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: मूल्येन क्रीतः
Transliteration: mūlyena krītaḥ
Doctrine: Bodily Holiness and Redemption
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
Must not be heard as a transactional ritual exchange echoing prasāda’s offering-and-return structure (already flagged Critical for ‘grace’ in the Romans baseline); the price is paid entirely and unilaterally by Christ, not exchanged by the believer for a benefit. 1 Corinthians 6:20; 7:23.
Singleness
Approved rendering: अविवाहित्वम्
Transliteration: avivāhitvam
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मचर्यम्
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
CRITICAL AVOIDANCE: never ब्रह्मचर्यम्. Brahmacarya is a formally defined life-stage (āśrama) within the four-stage varṇāśrama-dharma system, properly the FIRST stage preceding marriage, with its own vows and social status — not a permanently chosen alternative to marriage as Paul describes ‘for the sake of the kingdom.’ Using ब्रह्मचर्यम् would misrepresent Paul’s teaching as endorsing a specific Hindu āśrama category with its attendant social-ritual expectations. 1 Corinthians 7:8,11,32-34.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ज्ञानम्
Transliteration: jñānam
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Wisdom and Foolishness
Shares प्रज्ञा’s exposure to jñāna-mārga’s sufficiency-for-liberation claim. ‘Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up’ (8:1) explicitly subordinates γνῶσις to ἀγάπη — structurally the reverse of jñāna-mārga’s ranking, in which jñāna (liberating Self-knowledge) is itself the highest and sufficient means of liberation. Mandatory redefinition at first occurrence: intellectual knowledge of theological facts, valuable but subordinate to love, not itself a path to liberation. Also 12:8; 13:2,8.
Conscience
Approved rendering: अन्तःकरणम्
Transliteration: antaḥkaraṇam
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Liberty
अन्तःकरणम् is itself a precisely theorized Sāṅkhya-Yoga and Vedāntic term naming the composite inner-instrument complex (manas, buddhi, ahaṅkāra, sometimes citta) through which cognition occurs — primarily a cognitive apparatus, not a moral guilt/innocence faculty. Mandatory redefinition at first occurrence: ‘the faculty of moral self-judgment before God, weak or strong depending on maturity of understanding.’ 1 Corinthians 8:7,10,12; 10:25,27-29.
Typology
Approved rendering: दृष्टान्तः / प्रतीकम्
Transliteration: dṛṣṭāntaḥ / pratīkam
Doctrine: Warning From Israel’s History (Typology)
Original: τύπος
Category: Covenant
Requires explicit Exodus wilderness-narrative background explanation, comparable to ‘seed of David’ in the Romans baseline; this is linear historical typology instructive for the present church, not the cyclical yuga-recurrence framework of Purāṇic cosmology. 1 Corinthians 10:6,11.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बप्तिस्मः
Transliteration: baptismaḥ
Doctrine: Christian Baptism
Rejected alternatives: दीक्षा
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Church
CRITICAL AVOIDANCE: never दीक्षा. Dīkṣā is the precise technical term for formal guru-mediated ritual initiation across Tantric, Vedic, and Vaiṣṇava traditions, typically involving mantra-transmission from a qualified guru and admission to a specific practice-lineage — an incompatible doctrine of how ritual efficacy and religious status are conferred. Follow the Serampore-tradition precedent of transliteration (as with Amen, Hallelujah in the Romans baseline). 1 Corinthians 1:13-17; 10:2; 12:13; 15:29.
Demon
Approved rendering: पिशाचः
Transliteration: piśācaḥ
Doctrine: Communion With Demons versus the Lord’s Table
Rejected alternatives: असुरः, राक्षसः
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Idolatry
असुरः rejected: locks into deva-asura cosmological warfare narratives, some asuras being devotees or tragic heroic figures, not a clean equivalent. राक्षसः rejected: a specific epic/Purāṇic monstrous-being category (e.g. Rāvaṇa) with its own narrative baggage. पिशाचः, comparatively less systematized, is retained as least-encumbered, but the underlying claim (pagan sacrifice is, unknown to worshippers, offered to malevolent spirits) has no fully clean Sanskrit vessel and requires explicit theological framing at every occurrence. 1 Corinthians 10:20-21.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: स्मरणम्
Transliteration: smaraṇam
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: श्राद्धम्
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Lord’s Supper
CRITICAL AVOIDANCE: never श्राद्धम् or its cognates. Śrāddha is the fully-elaborated Hindu ancestral memorial-rite category (piṇḍa rice-ball offerings to deceased ancestors on fixed calendrical occasions, securing the ancestor’s postmortem wellbeing). The Lord’s Supper’s remembrance (11:24-25) proclaims a completed, once-for-all atoning death for the ongoing benefit of the LIVING community, not a ritual benefiting the DECEASED’s postmortem state — a categorically different structure that must not be assimilated even by loose lexical proximity.
Headship
Approved rendering: शिरः / शिरस्त्वम्
Transliteration: śiraḥ / śirastvam
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Gender Roles
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Order in Worship
Flagged per the baseline AI-instructions’ government/authority sensitivity category. Must be rendered as a relational-order image (source/authority relation), not an ontological worth-ranking; avoid importing an unrelated hierarchy such as varṇa ranking onto this relational metaphor. 1 Corinthians 11:3.
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: आत्मनां विवेकः
Transliteration: ātmanāṃ vivekaḥ
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διάκρισις πνευμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
The plural ‘spirits’ (12:10) must be sharply distinguished by context from the singular, personal पवित्र आत्मा; a bare plural आत्मानः risks the appearance of multiple ‘holy spirits.’ A periphrastic gloss (utterances from a true or false आत्मिक source) is recommended over the bare plural.
Tongues
Approved rendering: भाषाः / जिह्वाभाषा
Transliteration: bhāṣāḥ / jihvābhāṣā
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Order in Worship
Risks assimilation to (a) Vedic Vāc-theology and Mīmāṃsā’s doctrine of the eternal, uncreated sound-form of the Veda (śabda-brahman) or (b) mantra-recitation, understood in some traditions as requiring precise phonetic performance for ritual efficacy regardless of the speaker’s comprehension. Must be framed as intelligible-but-untaught human or angelic sign-speech given by the Spirit for edification (14:1-25), never eternal cosmic sound or a ritually-efficacious mantra. 1 Corinthians 12:10,28,30; 13:1,8; 14:1-40.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: प्रथमफलम्
Transliteration: prathamaphalam
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers and the Resurrection Body
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Resurrection
Parallels the Vedic sacrificial category of agrayajña/āgrayaṇa (offering of a harvest’s first portion to the gods) — structurally similar as ‘a first portion representing the whole,’ but doctrinally different in direction: Paul’s firstfruits (15:20,23) GUARANTEES a future harvest of the same kind (bodily resurrection), it does not secure divine favor for the offerer as a ritual act would. Flag for explicit clarification rather than assumed transfer of the Vedic ritual sense.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: विनाशी / अविनाशी
Transliteration: vinaśī / avinaśī
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers and the Resurrection Body
Rejected alternatives: अक्षरम्
Original: φθαρτόν / ἄφθαρτον
Category: Resurrection
CRITICAL AVOIDANCE: never अक्षरम्. Akṣara is Bhagavad Gītā 8.3/8.21’s and the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad’s precise technical term for the imperishable Absolute (akṣara-brahma) or the syllable Oṃ; using it here would assimilate the resurrection body (or the believer’s imperishable crown, 9:25) to a Vedāntic Absolute-category rather than describing a transformed, still-creaturely, still-embodied human reality. 1 Corinthians 15:42,50,53-54.
Seed Sown
Approved rendering: बीजम् उप्यते
Transliteration: bījam upyate
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers and the Resurrection Body
Original: σπείρεται
Category: Resurrection
बीज (‘seed’) is also the precise technical term in Yoga and Sāṅkhya psychology for the latent karmic seed (karma-bīja/vāsanā-bīja) that germinates into future births — the very mechanism of transmigration the Romans baseline flags as incompatible with resurrection. Paul’s seed (15:36-38,42-44) dies and rises as the SAME organism transformed, not as a karmic residue germinating a NEW, different embodiment; this distinction must be made explicit at this verse.
Received Tradition
Approved rendering: प्राप्तवन्तः
Transliteration: prāptavantaḥ
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and Reception of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: सम्प्रदायेन प्राप्तम्
Verb form of παραλαμβάνω, ‘you received/took alongside.’ Do NOT render with सम्प्रदायेन प्राप्तम् or any phrase built on सम्प्रदायः, the precise technical Sanskrit term for a named theological lineage-tradition (e.g. the four Vaiṣṇava sampradāyas) claiming an unbroken chain of authoritative reinterpretation. Paul’s ‘received’ tradition (15:1) is a fixed, closed, historically-anchored eyewitness deposit, not an open sampradāya of ongoing reinterpretation.
Delivered Tradition
Approved rendering: निवेदितवान् / समर्पितवान्
Transliteration: niveditavān / samarpitavān
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and Reception of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: सम्प्रदायः / सम्प्रदायेन
Verb form of παραδίδωμι, ‘I handed over/delivered’ (15:3; 11:23). CRITICAL AVOIDANCE: never सम्प्रदायः/सम्प्रदायेन. Use a plain verb, never the technical noun, to avoid recasting Paul’s fixed apostolic deposit as an ongoing reinterpretable lineage-tradition.
In Vain
Approved rendering: निष्फला / व्यर्था
Transliteration: niṣphalā / vyarthā
Doctrine: Grace
κενή, of grace ‘not being in vain’ (15:10) and faith ‘being in vain’ (15:14,17). This verse is a flashpoint for the grace/karmaphala distinction: Paul’s labor (κοπιάω) is credited entirely to grace, not to self-merit; do not smooth this into a karma-style claim that diligent effort produces its own automatic result.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. गुरुः rejected (guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage system); ऋषिः rejected (Vedic seer of eternal, uncreated mantras, not a historically commissioned messenger). 1 Corinthians context: 15:5-9 names the Twelve and ‘all the apostles’ as eyewitnesses of the risen Christ; 15:9’s self-deprecating ‘least of the apostles’ must retain the force of a genuine, verifiable commissioned office, not false modesty within a guru-lineage honor system. Also 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-5; 12:28-29.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Never मन्दिरम् (temple, image-centered) or मठः (guru-lineage monastic institution). 1 Corinthians context: note the deliberate NEW contrast in this book, where मन्दिरम् is instead repurposed positively for the distinct indwelling-temple metaphor (see new ‘temple_indwelling’ entry) — the two senses (मण्डली for the assembly, मन्दिरम् for the Spirit’s indwelling) must never be conflated. Frequent: 1:2; 11:18; 12:28; 14:4-5,12,19,23,28,34-35; 16:1,19.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya rājyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. 1 Corinthians context: 15:24,50 tie the kingdom explicitly to the resurrection/consummation narrative (‘when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father’; ‘flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom’) — must be read alongside the new ‘sons_subjection’ entry, not as a diminishment of Christ’s reign but its consummation. Also 4:20; 6:9-10.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीयाः
Transliteration: anyajātīyāḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: म्लेच्छाः
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. म्लेच्छाः rejected for its ritual-impurity/cultural-contempt connotation. 1 Corinthians context: 12:2 explicitly contrasts former pagan idol-worship among Gentile converts with Spirit-given confession — read alongside the new ‘idol’ and ‘demon’ entries. Also 1:23; 5:1; 10:32.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσεύχομαι / προσευχή
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. 1 Corinthians context: 11:4-5 (praying/prophesying in worship) and 14:14-15 (praying in tongues); distinguish from Vedic ritual invocation (āhvāna/homa) requiring precise mantra performance for efficacy — Christian prayer here is address to a personal God through Christ, efficacious apart from ritual precision.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. 1 Corinthians context: 14:33’s ‘God is not a God of confusion but of peace’ names orderly worship-conduct flowing from God’s own character, not the yogic citta-vṛtti-nirodha the baseline flags — keep the relational-communal sense primary. Also 1:3; 7:15; 16:11.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिकं वरदानम्
Transliteration: ātmikaṃ varadānam
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदानम्, सिद्धिः
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. सिद्धिः rejected (Yoga Sūtra 3’s catalogued eightfold aṣṭasiddhi, earned through disciplined practice). 1 Corinthians context: the doctrinal center of chapter 12; also applied more loosely at 7:7 to marital/celibate state — keep lexically identical but contextually distinguished from the ministry-enablement sense. Also 1:7; 14:1,12.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएलः
Transliteration: isrāelaḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. 1 Corinthians context: 10:18 (‘Israel according to the flesh’), within the wilderness-warning typology.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: मौर्ख्यम्
Transliteration: maurkhyam
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom and Foolishness
Plain ethical-intellectual vocabulary; risk lies entirely in its antithetical pairing with प्रज्ञा (wisdom), not in the term itself. 1 Corinthians 1:18,21,23,25; 3:19.
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूशः
Transliteration: krūśaḥ
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
Established transliteration-coinage per Serampore tradition; no native Sanskrit object-word for a Roman execution device exists. Low risk as a bare object-word, but the doctrine this curriculum names ‘the cross as wisdom and power’ is High/Critical via its co-occurring terms प्रज्ञा and सामर्थ्यम् (both must retain their individual cautions at 1:17-18; 2:2).
Boasting
Approved rendering: गर्वः / श्लाघा
Transliteration: garvaḥ / ślāghā
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: अहंकारः
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Wisdom and Foolishness
अहंकारः explicitly rejected: Sāṅkhya’s precise technical term for the ego-principle (ahaṅkāra, third evolute of prakṛti in the classical tattva scheme), an unrelated metaphysical category that would misdirect this straightforward ethical exhortation against self-glorying. 1 Corinthians 1:29,31.
Fleshly Carnal
Approved rendering: शारीरिकः / मांसलः
Transliteration: śārīrikaḥ / māṃsalaḥ
Doctrine: Natural and Spiritual Persons
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
Ethical category for immature, sin-dominated conduct (3:1,3), distinct from the incarnational ‘flesh’ sense reserved in the Romans baseline (κατὰ σάρκα, ‘seed of David’), which is doctrinally positive/neutral, not ethically negative. Keep the two senses lexically separate.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: व्यभिचारः
Transliteration: vyabhicāraḥ
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
Reinforces the baseline’s caution on पापम्: moral transgression before a holy, personal God requiring corporate church discipline, not ritual impurity resolvable through prescribed prāyaścitta penance. 1 Corinthians 5:1; 6:13,18; 7:2.
Marriage
Approved rendering: विवाहः
Transliteration: vivāhaḥ
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
Plain descriptive term; no major rival technical sense in classical Sanskrit requiring exclusion. 1 Corinthians 7:2,9-10,28,34,38-39.
Self Control
Approved rendering: आत्मसंयमः
Transliteration: ātmasaṃyamaḥ
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: संयमः (Patañjali’s technical yogic saṃyama, Yoga Sūtra 3.4)
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Marriage and Singleness
Must be distinguished from Patañjali’s technical संयम (the combined concentration-meditation-absorption practice aimed at siddhi-attainment); here it names ordinary self-governance regarding sexual desire (7:9) and athletic self-discipline for ministry endurance (9:25,27), not a systematic yogic discipline.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: आवरणम् / अनावृतः
Transliteration: āvaraṇam / anāvṛtaḥ
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Gender Roles
Original: κάλυμμα / ἀκατακάλυπτος
Category: Order in Worship
Culturally sensitive honor/shame content per the AI-instructions’ cultural-metaphor flag category, not a doctrinal Critical/High collision in itself. 1 Corinthians 11:4-15.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: प्रतिरूपम्
Transliteration: pratirūpam
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Gender Roles
Rejected alternatives: प्रतिमा
Original: εἰκών
Category: Order in Worship
Deliberately NOT प्रतिमा (reserved exclusively for ‘idol,’ see above), to keep the same English word ‘image’ lexically disambiguated in Sanskrit across two theologically opposite senses: humanity’s true likeness to God (11:7) versus a false cult-image. Never substitute one for the other.
Mirror Dimly
Approved rendering: दर्पणे रहस्यरूपेण
Transliteration: darpaṇe rahasyarūpeṇa
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: माया-based rendering
Original: δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι
Category: Love
Must not be assimilated to Advaita’s māyā doctrine (the phenomenal world as illusory or provisionally-real reflection obscuring ultimate reality). Paul’s point at 13:12 is purely epistemic limitation (partial knowledge now, complete knowledge later), not an ontological claim that present experience is illusory. Never render with माया or its cognates.
Mystery
Approved rendering: रहस्यम्
Transliteration: rahasyam
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers and the Resurrection Body
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Resurrection
Note the contrast with the Upaniṣadic self-designation as secret teaching (upa-ni-ṣad, ‘sitting near for secret instruction’); this mystery (15:51) is a truth now openly revealed to ALL believers, not an esoteric teaching restricted to qualified initiates. Comparatively lower risk since रहस्य is not tied to one dominant school.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: मारान् अथा
Transliteration: mārāna athā
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Liturgical Acclamation
Original: Μαρανα θα
Category: Faith
Preserved as transliteration per the Romans baseline’s precedent of retaining Abba untranslated, to keep this early Aramaic liturgical acclamation’s (‘Our Lord, come!’) historic, cross-linguistic character. 1 Corinthians 16:22.
Buried
Approved rendering: श्मशाने स्थापितः / निखातः
Transliteration: śmaśāne sthāpitaḥ / nikhātaḥ
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: समाधिस्थः, समाधौ स्थापितः
Avoid समाधिस्थः/समाधौ स्थापितः — समाधि is Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtra eighth and culminating limb (aṣṭāṅga-yoga), a state of absorptive meditative union, and must never be used for ‘burial place.’ The dominant Hindu funerary practice is cremation (dahana-saṃskāra), not burial, adding cultural friction requiring a brief note (not doctrinal correction) at 1 Corinthians 15:4.
Once For All
Approved rendering: एकवारम् / सकृत्
Transliteration: ekavāram / sakṛt
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
ἐφάπαξ, ‘at once, on one occasion, once for all’ (15:6). Reinforces the ‘once-for-all,’ non-repeatable character central to the incarnation/resurrection Critical doctrines already established in the Romans baseline, contra periodic/repeatable divine descent (avatāra).
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: निद्रितवन्तः / प्रसुप्ताः
Transliteration: nidritavantaḥ / prasuptāḥ
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers and the Resurrection Body
κοιμάομαι, ‘fallen asleep’ (15:6), a euphemism for believers’ death implying a temporary state pending resurrection. Must be explicitly anchored to bodily resurrection hope (Christ’s return ‘wakes’ the sleeping dead, 15:51-52), not to a cycle in which ‘waking’ means transmigrating into a new body — the sleep metaphor must not silently absorb reincarnation associations.
Untimely Born
Approved rendering: अकालजातः
Transliteration: akālajātaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गर्भस्रावजातः
ἔκτρωμα, Paul’s stark self-designation of radical unworthiness (15:8) given his prior persecution of the church. Purely a rhetorical self-abasement image; no direct doctrinal collision, but translators should avoid euphemizing it into a milder ‘least of these,’ since the starkness is deliberate.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजनम्
Transliteration: uttejanam
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλῶ
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. 1 Corinthians context: opens the letter’s unity appeal at 1:10 (‘I appeal to you, brothers’).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: सत्सङ्गः
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. सत्सङ्गः rejected (a specific institutional Vaishnava devotional-gathering practice). 1 Corinthians context: 10:16-20 extends the term to the Lord’s Supper elements as participation in Christ’s body and blood, contrasted polemically with ‘fellowship with demons’ — keep सहभागिता itself doctrinally thin (mere shared participation); let the object (Christ vs. demons) carry the theological weight.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवादः
Transliteration: dhanyavādaḥ
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. 1 Corinthians context: 1:4; 14:16-18; 15:57 (‘thanks be to God who gives us the victory’).
Strife
Approved rendering: कलहः
Transliteration: kalahaḥ
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ἔρις
Category: Church Unity
Plain ethical vocabulary, no significant doctrinal collision. 1 Corinthians 1:11; 3:3.
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुमारी
Transliteration: kumārī
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
Plain descriptive term. 1 Corinthians 7:25-38.
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: अर्थकथनम्
Transliteration: arthakathanam
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Order in Worship
Plain descriptive vocabulary; low doctrinal risk. 1 Corinthians 12:10,30; 14:26-28.
Edification
Approved rendering: उन्नतिः / निर्माणम्
Transliteration: unnatiḥ / nirmāṇam
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Order in Worship
Aligns with the Romans baseline’s ‘mutual edification’ doctrine; low doctrinal risk. 1 Corinthians 14:3-26.
Disorder
Approved rendering: अव्यवस्था
Transliteration: avyavasthā
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: ἀκαταστασία
Category: Order in Worship
Paired with the reused peace/शान्तिः entry. 1 Corinthians 14:33.
Victory
Approved rendering: जयः
Transliteration: jayaḥ
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers and the Resurrection Body
Original: νῖκος
Category: Resurrection
Plain vocabulary; low doctrinal risk. 1 Corinthians 15:54-57, quoting Hosea/Isaiah.
Collection
Approved rendering: सङ्ग्रहः
Transliteration: saṅgrahaḥ
Doctrine: Christian Giving
Original: λογία
Category: Church
Plain administrative vocabulary; low doctrinal risk. 1 Corinthians 16:1-2.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: पवित्रं चुम्बनम्
Transliteration: pavitraṃ cumbanam
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Liturgical Acclamation
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
Cultural-practice note only, not a doctrinal caution; the scholarly/liturgical audience may need an explanatory note on the greeting custom rather than a doctrinal gloss. 1 Corinthians 16:20.
Labored
Approved rendering: श्रमम् अकरवम्
Transliteration: śramam akaravam
Doctrine: Grace
κοπιάω, ‘I labored/toiled’ (15:10,58). Plain vocabulary; risk lies entirely in its relationship to ‘grace’ and ‘in vain’ (see those entries), not in this word alone.
Referenced passages