Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Gospel of John (English/Greek → Sanskrit)

TRI Phase 1, Step 8 companion (Doctrine-Aware Glossary for the John Curriculum)

This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Section A lists baseline terms reused exactly as-is because they recur in John. Section B lists new terms this curriculum requires, in the same schema as the baseline’s translation_memory.json, ready for direct merge into that file (with version increment) before Phase 2 begins. Section C is the “Seven I Am Statements” quick-reference table. All terms below cite the John chapter(s) in which they are load-bearing.

Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Change)

Term	Sanskrit (fixed)	Risk	John chapters where load-bearing
gospel	सुसमाचारः	High	(implicit throughout; explicit “these are written” 20:31)
grace	अनुग्रहः	High	1:14, 1:16, 1:17
faith / believe	विश्वासः (verbal root used throughout, noun rare)	High	1:7,12; 3:15-18,36; 4:39-42; 5:24; 6:29,35,40,47; 7:38; 8:24,30; 9:35-38; 10:38; 11:25-27,40,45; 12:36-46; 14:1,11-12; 16:9,27,30-31; 17:8,20-21; 20:8,25-31
righteousness	धार्मिकता	Critical	16:8,10 (John’s only two occurrences of δικαιοσύνη)
salvation	त्राणम्	Critical	4:22 (John’s only noun occurrence of σωτηρία; ζωὴ αἰώνιος otherwise carries this doctrinal weight)
apostle	प्रेषितः	Medium	13:16 (generic sense only — see 07 analysis note)
holy	पवित्रम्	High	17:11 (“Holy Father”)
sanctification	पवित्रीकरणम्	High	17:17,19
adoption	पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम्	High	(conceptually related to but distinct from “children of God,” τέκνα θεοῦ — see Section B)
resurrection	पुनरुत्थानम्	Critical	2:19-22; 5:28-29; 6:39-40,44,54; 11:24-25; 20:1-29; 21
lord	प्रभुः	Critical	20:28; 21:7,12
son_of_god	परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः	Critical	1:34,49; 3:16-18; 5:25; 9:35; 10:36; 11:4,27; 19:7; 20:31
incarnation	देहधारणम्	Critical	1:14 (this is the literal source verse for this term in the whole two-Testament curriculum); 1:3
peace	शान्तिः	Medium	14:27; 16:33; 20:19,21,26
thanksgiving	धन्यवादः	Low	6:11,23; 11:41
church	मण्डली	Medium	(never occurs in John’s Gospel — noted for completeness; retained for cross-document consistency only)
kingdom_of_god	परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्	Medium	3:3,5; 18:36
law	विधिः	High	1:17,45; 7:19,23,49,51; 8:5,17; 10:34; 15:25; 19:7
sin	पापम्	High	1:29; 8:21,24,34,46; 9:2-3,34,41; 15:22-24; 16:8-9; 19:11; 20:23
glory	महिमा	High	1:14; 2:11; 7:18; 8:50,54; 11:4,40; 12:41,43; 17:1-5,22,24
power_of_god	परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्	High	(John prefers σημεῖον/चिह्नम् language over δύναμις; apply where explicit capability is in view, e.g. 10:18)
messiah	मसीहः	Critical	1:41; 4:25-26,29; 7:26-42; 11:27; 20:31
prophet	भविष्यद्वक्ता	Low	1:21,25; 4:19,44; 6:14; 7:40,52; 9:17
election	परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्	High	15:16,19
intercession	मध्यस्थता	Medium	17:1-26 (entire High Priestly Prayer)
providence	परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्	High	(thematic; e.g. 5:17, 9:3-4)
mission	सुसमाचारप्रचारः	Medium	17:18; 20:21 (“as the Father sent me, I also send you”)
israel	इस्राएलः	Medium	1:31,47,49; 3:10; 12:13
jesus	यीशुः	Critical	throughout
god	सर्वेश्वरः	Critical	throughout, esp. 1:1,18; 17:3; 20:28
holy_spirit	पवित्र आत्मा	Critical	1:32-33; 3:5-8,34; 7:39; 14:16-17,26; 15:26; 16:7-15; 20:22
father	पिता	Critical	throughout, esp. chs. 5, 8, 10, 14-17
exhort	उत्तेजनम्	Low	14:1,27 (comfort/exhortation register)

Scholarly note (full-book coverage confirmation): the baseline terms abba, seed_of_david, imputed_righteousness, covenant, spiritual_gifts, fellowship (κοινωνία — not used in John, though the concept is present in 15:1-11’s abiding-imagery), gentiles (ἔθνη occurs only once, 11:48-52, in the “nation” sense, not Paul’s Jew/Gentile distinction), and obedience_of_faith do not occur as load-bearing terms anywhere in John’s Gospel and require no John-specific entry; if referenced in supporting curriculum materials, reuse the baseline rendering exactly without modification.

Section B — New Terms Required for the John Curriculum

Schema matches translation_memory.json: translation / transliteration / doctrine_risk / doctrine / alternatives_rejected / notes.

word_logos

translation: वचनम्
transliteration: vacanam
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
alternatives_rejected: [“शब्दः”, “वाक्”, “वाणी”]
notes: शब्दः is rejected because it is the precise Mīmāṃsā/grammarian technical term underlying śabda-brahman doctrine — the claim that the Veda’s sound-form is itself eternal and uncreated (apauruṣeya). वाक्/वाणी is rejected as the hypostasized Ṛgvedic goddess-principle of Speech, already flagged as a rejected covenant-rendering in the Romans baseline for the same reason. वचनम् (following the Serampore Sanskrit New Testament precedent) is a common, comparatively untheorized noun built on the same √vac root, without either rival doctrine’s specific apparatus. MANDATORY: every occurrence in John 1:1-14 must carry a note that this Word is the personal, pre-existent, distinct-yet-co-equal Son of God (John 1:1’s twofold claim: “with God” and “was God”), not the eternal impersonal Vedic sound-principle nor the goddess Vāc.

only_begotten

translation: एकजातः (adjective, modifying पुत्रः)
transliteration: ekajātaḥ
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Sonship of Christ / Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
alternatives_rejected: [“अद्वितीयः”, “एकांशः”]
notes: अद्वितीयः is rejected because it is the precise adjective of Advaita Vedānta’s foundational formula for Brahman’s uniqueness, “ekam evādvitīyam” (Chāndogya Upaniṣad 6.2.1) — using it here would make Christ’s Sonship sound like a christological transposition of Brahman’s non-dual uniqueness rather than the Father-Son relational claim actually intended. एकांशः (“one portion/part”) is rejected for the same avatāra-portion reason अंशः is rejected in the baseline’s son_of_god entry. Always paired with परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः (baseline): परमेश्वरस्य एकजातः पुत्रः.

eternal_life

translation: अनन्तजीवनम्
transliteration: ananta-jīvanam
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
alternatives_rejected: [“मोक्षः”, “मुक्तिः”, “निर्वाणम्”, “अमृतत्वम्”]
notes: The first three are already forbidden in the baseline for “salvation,” to which this term is functionally equivalent in John’s theology. अमृतत्वम् (“deathlessness/immortality”) is additionally and specifically rejected here: it is the precise Upaniṣadic technical term for the state attained through Self-knowledge (Kaṭha Upaniṣad 6.14-15; Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 4.4.14), a Self-achieved cognitive-metaphysical attainment rather than a relationally-given gift. MANDATORY note at every occurrence, esp. 3:15-16,36; 4:14; 5:24; 6:27,40,47,54,68; 10:28; 12:25,50; 17:2-3: this life is defined by John himself (17:3) as relational knowledge of the Father and the Son, not liberation from saṃsāra or cognitively-attained deathlessness of the ātman.

new_birth

translation: ऊर्ध्वात् जन्म
transliteration: ūrdhvāt janma
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
alternatives_rejected: [“पुनर्जन्म”, “द्वितीयजन्म”]
notes: पुनर्जन्म is absolutely forbidden — it is the baseline’s own forbidden term for the fully theorized Sāṃkhya-Yoga/Vedānta transmigration mechanism (karmāśaya/vāsanā; liṅga-śarīra), and “born again” collides with this doctrine even more directly than “resurrection” does, since it is itself birth-language. द्वितीयजन्म (“a second birth”) is rejected because it reproduces exactly the misunderstanding Nicodemus voices in John 3:4 (a second physical birth), which the text itself corrects. ऊर्ध्वात् जन्म deliberately resolves the Greek ἄνωθεν’s double sense (“again”/“from above”) toward the spatial/source meaning John’s own narrative confirms (vv. 5-8, 13). MANDATORY note: a single, non-repeatable, Spirit-given re-creation of the person by grace — never a repeatable cyclical re-embodiment.

descended_from_heaven

translation: स्वर्गात् आगतः
transliteration: svargāt āgataḥ
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Incarnation / Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
alternatives_rejected: [“अवतीर्णः”, “अवतरति”, “अवतरणम्”]
notes: The अवतरण family (from ava+√tṛ) is the direct verbal root from which अवतारः itself is formed, and is therefore forbidden with the same force the baseline gives the noun अवतारः, even though the baseline’s original incarnation entry addresses only the noun. Occurs densely at John 3:13 and 6x in John 6 (vv. 33,38,41,42,50,51,58). MANDATORY: cite Bhagavad Gītā 4:7-8 distinction at first occurrence in each document, exactly as required for देहधारणम्.

lifted_up

translation: ऊर्ध्वीकरणम् / उत्थापनम्
transliteration: ūrdhvīkaraṇam / utthāpanam
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: John 3:14; 8:28; 12:32-34. No single Sanskrit verb carries ὑψόω’s double sense (physically raised on the cross AND exalted in glory). Mandatory translator note explaining the deliberate double meaning at each occurrence; do not resolve toward only one sense.

son_of_man

translation: मनुष्यपुत्रः
transliteration: manuṣyaputraḥ
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ / Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
alternatives_rejected: [“पुरुषः”, “पुरुषपुत्रः”]
notes: पुरुषः/पुरुषपुत्रः rejected because पुरुष is (a) the cosmic Man of the Ṛgveda’s Puruṣa Sūkta (10.90), from whose sacrificed body the universe and the four varṇas emerge, and (b) Sāṃkhya-Yoga’s passive consciousness-principle paired with Prakṛti. Neither matches Daniel 7:13’s specific historical-eschatological figure who receives everlasting dominion from the Ancient of Days. Occurs 13x: 1:51; 3:13-14; 5:27; 6:27,53,62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23,34; 13:31.

world_kosmos

translation: जगत्
transliteration: jagat
doctrine_risk: High/Critical (context-dependent — Critical in 3:16-17, 17:3-24; High elsewhere)
doctrine: God’s Love for the World / Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
alternatives_rejected: [“लोकः”]
notes: लोकः rejected as primary rendering because it suggests one realm among many (triloka cosmology) rather than κόσμος’s totalizing “the whole world” scope John 3:16 requires. जगत् retained despite risk because of its comprehensive scope, but MANDATORY note required wherever theologically load-bearing: this is the real, God-created, valuable (if fallen) world God actually loves and gave His Son for — not the illusory (mithyā) phenomenal appearance of Advaita’s formula “brahma satyam jagat mithyā.” Occurs extremely densely throughout (esp. chs. 1, 3, 8, 9, 12, 14-17).

love_agape

translation: प्रेम
transliteration: prema
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: God’s Love for the World
alternatives_rejected: [“स्नेहः”, “दया”]
notes: स्नेहः (affection) and दया (compassion/mercy) both under-translate ἀγάπη’s deliberate, sacrificial, world-directed sense. प्रेम is the best-attested Sanskrit love-term but is also the fully theorized culminating category of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava bhakti theology (Caitanya Caritāmṛta’s rati→bhāva→prema soteriological progression), an ascending, devotee-cultivated love toward a chosen deity. MANDATORY note at 3:16 and 13:34-35, 15:9-13, 17:23-26: God’s प्रेम here is unilateral, initiating, and unmerited (paralleling अनुग्रहः), moving toward an unworthy world, not a devotee’s ascending, cultivated bhakti-attainment.

truth

translation: सत्यम्
transliteration: satyam
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ / The Holy Spirit as Counselor
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: No unencumbered alternative exists; सत्यम् is retained as unavoidable (the same status as धार्मिकता/dharma in the baseline), but is Critical here because it is the precise term of Taittirīya Upaniṣad 2.1’s definitional formula for Brahman itself (“satyaṁ jñānam anantaṁ brahma”). MANDATORY explicit redefinition at every load-bearing occurrence (1:14,17; 4:23-24; 8:32,44-46; 14:6,17; 15:26; 16:13; 17:17,19; 18:37-38): this is a personal God’s self-disclosure in and as Christ, not the impersonal metaphysical Absolute known through negation (neti neti) or Self-realization.

light_and_darkness

translation: प्रकाशः (light) / अन्धकारः (darkness)
transliteration: prakāśaḥ / andhakāraḥ
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
alternatives_rejected: [“ज्योतिः (for light)”, “तमस् (for darkness)”]
notes: ज्योतिः rejected for light due to ज्योतिष (jyotiṣa, Vedāṅga astrology/astronomy) associations, misdirecting toward calendrical/omen meaning. तमस् absolutely rejected for darkness: it is one of the three guṇas (सत्त्व-रजस्-तमस्) of Sāṃkhya cosmology, already implicated in the baseline’s śraddhā-guṇa discussion; using it would frame moral evil as a metaphysical constituent-quality of prakṛti rather than culpable personal rejection of revealed light. Occurs 1:4-9; 3:19-21; 8:12; 9:5; 12:35-36,46.

works_deeds

translation: कर्माणि
transliteration: karmāṇi
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: Unavoidable, exactly as धर्मः/धार्मिकता is unavoidable in the baseline — कर्मन् is both the ordinary Sanskrit word for “deed/action” and the organizing term of the entire karma-phala causal system. MANDATORY redefinition at every load-bearing occurrence (esp. 3:19-21; 5:29; 6:28-29; 9:3-4): these are deeds morally evaluated by a personal God in relation to a person’s response of faith/unbelief to revealed light in Christ, not units of merit/demerit automatically generating impersonal karmaphala across future rebirths.

judgment_krisis

translation: विचारः
transliteration: vicāraḥ
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
alternatives_rejected: [“न्यायः”, “दण्डाज्ञा”]
notes: न्यायः is already forbidden in the baseline (proper name of the Nyāya darśana). दण्डाज्ञा (“sentence of punishment”) is too narrow, since Johannine κρίσις includes the positive “resurrection of life” outcome as well as condemnation. विचारः, though itself the central Vedāntic method-word for reasoned inquiry (tattva-vicāra), is judged least encumbered; MANDATORY note distinguishing God’s forensic verdict on response to revealed light from Vedāntic guided self-inquiry into Brahman. Occurs 3:17-19; 5:22,24,27,29,30; 7:24; 8:15-16; 9:39; 12:31,47-48; 16:8,11.

spirit_wordplay_pneuma

translation: (context-dependent: वायुः for wind; पवित्र आत्मा for Spirit)
transliteration: vāyuḥ / pavitra ātmā
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
alternatives_rejected: [“bare आत्मा for either sense”]
notes: Greek πνεῦμα spans both “wind” and “Spirit” in a single word (John 3:8); Sanskrit वायुः and पवित्र आत्मा are lexically unrelated, so the wordplay is not reproducible and must be glossed in a translator note, not forced into one term. Never use आत्मा for the meteorological “wind” sense, which would compound rather than solve the ātman-collision risk.

testimony_witness

translation: साक्ष्यम् (noun) / साक्षी (witness)
transliteration: sākṣyam / sākṣī
doctrine_risk: Medium
doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (evidentiary structure of John’s Gospel)
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: साक्षिन् is also the Sāṃkhya-Yoga technical term for puruṣa as passive “witness-consciousness” observing prakṛti. Keep साक्ष्यम् anchored to concrete verbal/eyewitness testimony (John the Baptist’s, the Father’s, the works’, the Spirit’s testimony) throughout, not the passive metaphysical witness-self. Occurs 1:7-8,15,19,32,34; 3:11,26-33; 5:31-39; 8:13-18; 15:26-27; 19:35; 21:24.

worship_proskyneo

translation: आराधना
transliteration: ārādhanā
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor (worship “in spirit and truth”)
alternatives_rejected: [“पूजा”, “भजनम्”]
notes: पूजा rejected as the specific technical term for Hindu ritual image-worship (invocation, bathing, adorning, offering to a consecrated mūrti, with substance returned as prasāda) — a specific ritual structure John 4:21-24 relativizes. भजनम् rejected as a specific bhakti devotional-song practice. Occurs 4:20-24; 9:38; 12:20.

spirit_and_truth

translation: पवित्रे आत्मनि सत्ये च
transliteration: pavitre ātmani satye ca
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: Double-flagged compound (Holy Spirit/ātman risk + Truth/Brahman risk in a single phrase, John 4:23-24). Dual mandatory note: Spirit-enabled devotion to a real, personal God’s revealed truth in Christ, not (a) meditative self-realization of ātman-Brahman identity, nor (b) worship grounded in impersonal metaphysical Satya as an object in itself.

paraclete_counselor

translation: सहायकः
transliteration: sahāyakaḥ
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
alternatives_rejected: [“अधिवक्ता”, “समाश्वासकः”]
notes: अधिवक्ता (“legal advocate/lawyer”) risks excessive narrowing to courtroom-only sense; समाश्वासकः (“comforter/consoler”) under-translates the fuller advocate/teacher/witness role John gives the Paraclete (14:16,26; 15:26; 16:7-15). सहायकः (“helper, one who comes alongside”) is chosen as the least philosophically-encumbered available option, on the same logic the baseline used to select विश्वासः for “faith.” MANDATORY: every occurrence must carry or reference the baseline’s Holy Spirit personhood note — a distinct, personal, divine Helper, never a bare आत्मा or impersonal force.

good_shepherd

translation: सत्पालकः / उत्तमः पालकः
transliteration: satpālakaḥ / uttamaḥ pālakaḥ
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
alternatives_rejected: [“गोपालः”, “गोपः”]
notes: गोपालः/गोपः explicitly rejected: these are Kṛṣṇa’s own iconic titles as the divine cowherd of Vraja (Bhāgavata Purāṇa Book 10; Gīta Govinda), an extensively theorized and textually elaborated devotional identity. सत्पालकः/उत्तमः पालकः (from √pāl, “protect/tend,” broader than herding-specific vocabulary) avoids this collision. MANDATORY note distinguishing Christ’s shepherd-identity (rooted in Ezekiel 34, Psalm 23’s covenantal shepherd-king imagery, and his unique substitutionary self-sacrifice “for the sheep,” John 10:11) from Govinda/Gopāla’s distinct narrative context. Occurs 10:1-18; 21:15-17 (derivative, of Peter).

the_way_mārga

translation: मार्गः
transliteration: mārgaḥ
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements / Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
alternatives_rejected: [“पन्थाः”]
notes: पन्थाः (a plainer word for “path/road”) was considered but मार्गः is retained as the more natural and dignified term for a way of life/salvation, matching existing usage. Direct exclusivist tension with the classical doctrine of multiple mārgas (jñāna-mārga, bhakti-mārga, karma-mārga; Bhagavad Gītā chs. 9-12), already flagged in the baseline’s faith entry. MANDATORY note at John 14:6: this is the one and exclusive way — “no one comes to the Father except through me” (14:6b) — not one mārga among several equally valid paths.

unity_of_father_and_son

translation: (Father and Son) एकम् (neuter, deliberately not एकः masculine)
transliteration: ekam
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
alternatives_rejected: [“एकः (masculine, implying one identical person)”, “अद्वैतम्”]
notes: John 10:30’s Greek ἕν is neuter (“one thing/reality”), not masculine εἷς (“one person”) — the grammar itself distinguishes unity of essence/will from identity of person. एकम् (neuter) is chosen to mirror this. अद्वैतम् (“non-duality”) is explicitly rejected as a rendering strategy: Advaita Vedānta’s non-duality dissolves apparent multiplicity into illusion at the level of ultimate reality, whereas the Father-Son unity is relational and personal between two eternally, genuinely distinct persons. MANDATORY note at every occurrence (10:30; 14:9-11; 17:11,21-22): unbreakable unity of divine will, purpose, and essence between two eternally distinct persons — never numerical identity of person, and never to be read through the Advaita framework in which plurality is not ultimately real.

children_of_god_tekna

translation: परमेश्वरस्य सन्तानाः
transliteration: parameśvarasya santānāḥ
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: Distinct from baseline’s legal-adoption term (पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम्, rendering Paul’s υἱοθεσία); John’s τέκνα is simpler birth/kinship vocabulary (“born… of God,” 1:12-13), not Paul’s forensic-legal adoption category. Do not interchange the two compounds. Occurs 1:12; 11:52.

lamb_of_god

translation: परमेश्वरस्य मेषशावकः
transliteration: parameśvarasya meṣaśāvakaḥ
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: Guard against assimilation to Vedic paśu-yajña (animal-sacrifice ritual) theology, which is repeatable and ritual-maintenance-oriented. MANDATORY note at 1:29,36: this is a unique, once-for-all, substitutionary removal of sin’s guilt by a willing, divine victim, not a repeatable ritual sacrificial performance.

it_is_finished

translation: निष्पन्नम् / समाप्तम्
transliteration: niṣpannam / samāptam
doctrine_risk: High
doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: John 19:30. Perfect-tense sense of a task fully and finally accomplished (commercial/legal “debt paid” register in the Greek). Distinguish from the completion of a repeatable yajña performance; this is a once-for-all, unrepeatable completion of the atoning work itself.

my_lord_and_my_god

translation: मम प्रभुः मम च सर्वेश्वरः
transliteration: mama prabhuḥ mama ca sarveśvaraḥ
doctrine_risk: Critical
doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: John 20:28, Thomas’s confession — the doctrinal climax of the Gospel. Both baseline terms (प्रभुः, never ईश्वरः; सर्वेश्वरः, never देवः/ईश्वरः/ब्रह्मन्/भगवान्) applied directly and personally to Jesus by name. Mandatory human theologian review per the escalation rule for any Deity-of-Christ segment.

ruler_of_this_world

translation: अस्य जगतः अधिपतिः
transliteration: asya jagataḥ adhipatiḥ
doctrine_risk: Medium
doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11. Must be explicitly identified as Satan — a personal, defeated, temporary usurper — never an impersonal cosmic principle akin to Māyā’s operation or Prakṛti’s inherent bondage-tendency in Sāṃkhya-Yoga.

flesh_sarx

translation: शरीरम् / देहः (context-dependent; never मांसम्)
transliteration: śarīram / dehaḥ
doctrine_risk: Medium-High
doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ / Humanity of Christ
alternatives_rejected: [“मांसम्”]
notes: मांसम् (literal meat) rejected as too crude for the theological sense. Distinguish John 3:6 (natural human nature, contrasted with Spirit-birth) from John 1:14 (the Word’s incarnation, use देहधारणम् for the event itself) and John 6:51-58 (symbolic-sacramental participation, flag against prasāda assimilation per the baseline’s grace entry).

rabbi_teacher

translation: आचार्यः (or transliterated रब्बी for the specific title)
transliteration: ācāryaḥ / rabbī
doctrine_risk: Medium-High
doctrine: Apostleship (adjacent) / general address to Jesus
alternatives_rejected: [“गुरुः”]
notes: गुरुः rejected for the same reason it is rejected in the baseline’s apostle entry — the guru-śiṣya-paramparā lineage-transmission system, and the near-devotional reverence sometimes accorded a guru (“gururbrahmā gururviṣṇuḥ…”), which would overstate Nicodemus’s (and others’) still-developing view of Jesus at the point of address. Occurs 1:38,49; 3:2,26; 6:25; 9:2; 11:8; 20:16.

passover

translation: निस्तारपर्व (descriptive) / फास्खा (transliteration)
transliteration: nistārparva / phāskhā
doctrine_risk: Low-Medium
doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection (typological frame)
alternatives_rejected: []
notes: Establishes the typological frame connecting Christ’s death to the Passover lamb regulations (cf. 19:36, echoing Exodus 12:46). Occurs 2:13,23; 6:4; 11:55; 12:1; 13:1; 18:28,39; 19:14.

Section C — The Seven “I Am” Statements: Quick-Reference Table

#	Reference(s)	Sanskrit	Component terms and their individual risk (see Section B and 07_semantic_analysis.md)	Overall risk
1	6:35,48,51	अहम् जीवनस्य अन्नम् अस्मि	जीवनम् (Medium)	Critical
2	8:12; 9:5	अहम् जगतः प्रकाशः अस्मि	जगत् (High/Critical) + प्रकाशः (Medium-High)	Critical
3	10:7,9	अहम् द्वारम् अस्मि	द्वारम् (Low-Medium) + implicit exclusivity claim	Critical
4	10:11,14	अहम् सत्पालकः अस्मि	सत्पालकः (High — Govinda/Gopāla caution)	Critical
5	11:25	अहम् पुनरुत्थानम् जीवनं च अस्मि	पुनरुत्थानम् (Critical, baseline) + जीवनम्/अनन्तजीवनम् (Critical)	Critical
6	14:6	अहम् मार्गः सत्यं जीवनं च अस्मि	मार्गः (Critical) + सत्यम् (Critical) + जीवनम् (Critical)	Critical — highest single-verse concentration of risk in the curriculum
7	15:1,5	अहम् सत्या द्राक्षालता अस्मि	द्राक्षालता (Low-Medium) + सत्या/truth-family adjective (Critical)	Critical
—	8:24,28,58; 13:19; 18:5-6,8	अहम् अस्मि (absolute)	Direct collision with “ahaṁ brahmāsmi,” Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 1.4.10 — see 07_semantic_analysis.md Part 3	Critical — mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence

Standing rule for all seven statements and the absolute form: every occurrence must (1) use the baseline-fixed अहम्/अस्मि copula construction consistently, (2) preserve the exclusivity of the predicate (“the,” not “a”), and (3) carry or reference the mandatory distinguishing note set out in 07_semantic_analysis.md, Part 3.

Cross-Reference: Thesis Verses Requiring Identical Rendering Across All Documents

Per the baseline’s cross-document consistency principle (applied there to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, 10:9-10), this curriculum designates the following as fixed thesis verses:

Reference	Fixed Sanskrit core	Rationale
John 3:16	…जगत् प्रेम कृतवान्… एकजातं पुत्रं ददौ… अनन्तजीवनम्…	The Gospel’s most quoted verse; summarizes God’s Love, the Son’s uniqueness, and Eternal Life
John 17:3	एतत् अनन्तजीवनम्, यत् ते… जानीयुः	John’s own definition of eternal life
John 20:28	मम प्रभुः मम च सर्वेश्वरः	The Gospel’s doctrinal climax on the Deity of Christ
John 20:31	…यीशुः मसीहः परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः इति विश्वसेयुः… जीवनं लभेरन्…	The Gospel’s own stated purpose statement

This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (version increment required) before Phase 2 segment translation of any John material begins, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions. All Critical-risk new terms above require theologian review and sign-off before first use in a translated segment, per the Doctrine Risk Registry’s escalation rules.

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, न्यायः, पुण्यम्
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. John’s only two occurrences (16:8,10) place this term inside the Paraclete’s threefold convicting ministry (‘concerning sin and righteousness and judgment’). Low frequency does not diminish dharma’s weight; the baseline’s mandatory redefinition-on-use rule applies in full at both occurrences.

Salvation

Approved rendering: त्राणम्
Transliteration: trāṇam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. John’s only noun occurrence is 4:22 (‘salvation is from the Jews’); John’s dominant soteriological category is instead eternal_life (see separate entry), to which the identical forbidden-term list applies.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थानम्
Transliteration: punarutthānam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. Densely load-bearing in John: temple-body saying (2:19-22), the double-outcome ‘resurrection of life’ vs. ‘resurrection of judgment’ (5:28-29), the fifth ‘I am’ statement (11:25), and the full ch.20-21 narrative. Never पुनर्जन्म. The 5:28-29 double structure requires parallel, clearly differentiated compound forms so the two outcomes are never collapsed into one (see i_am_resurrection_life entry).

Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभुः
Transliteration: prabhuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, स्वामी
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Climactic use at John 20:28 (‘My Lord and my God!’), Thomas’s direct confession to the risen Christ. Never ईश्वरः, per the baseline’s Advaita-subordination-to-māyā reasoning.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः
Transliteration: parameśvarasya putraḥ
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरांशः, देवपुरुषः
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Dense and repeated (1:34,49; 3:16-18; 5:25; 9:35; 10:36; 11:4,27; 19:7; 20:31), including John’s own stated purpose statement at 20:31. Full phrase required exactly, paired with only_begotten (एकजातः) at 1:14,18 and 3:16,18.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: देहधारणम्
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇam
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतारः
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. John 1:14 is the literal source verse for this term in the whole two-Testament curriculum. Never अवतारः, with the mandatory Bhagavad Gita 4:7-8 distinguishing note at first occurrence. Cross-reference descended_from_heaven for the additional verb-family risk John introduces beyond this noun.

Messiah

Approved rendering: मसीहः
Transliteration: masīhaḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अवतारपुरुषः
Original: Χριστός / Μεσσίας
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. John alone among the Gospels directly transliterates the Hebrew/Aramaic term (1:41; 4:25) rather than relying only on the Greek Christos — this textually models transliteration as the correct strategy. Occurs also 4:29; 7:26-42; 11:27; 20:31. Never assimilate to Vishnu’s daśāvatāra sequence, in which Kalki remains awaited.

Jesus

Approved rendering: यीशुः
Transliteration: yīśuḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout John; follows Serampore Sanskrit New Testament precedent exactly.

God

Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरः, ब्रह्मन्, भगवान्, देवः
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. John 1:1,18 (‘the Word was God’; ‘the only God… has made him known’); 17:3 (‘the only true God’); 20:28 (Thomas’s climactic confession) are the two highest-stakes deity-of-Christ passages in the entire curriculum. Never देवः/ईश्वरः/ब्रह्मन्/भगवान्.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मन्, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. John’s Spirit-density and functional range (advocate, teacher, witness, convictor: 1:32-33; 3:5-8,34; 7:39; 14:16-17,26; 15:26; 16:7-15; 20:22) far exceeds Romans’. Every single occurrence, without exception for repetition-fatigue, requires the mandatory personhood note distinguishing the Spirit from an Advaita ātman-Brahman identity reading. Never bare आत्मा.

Father

Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, प्रजापतिः
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Central to John chs. 5,8,10,14-17, including the unique ‘Holy Father’ address (17:11) and the Father-Son equality/unity statements (5:18-23; 10:30). Never ब्रह्मा or प्रजापतिः.

Word Logos

Approved rendering: वचनम्
Transliteration: vacanam
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शब्दः, वाच्, वाणी
Original: ὁ λόγος
Category: Christology

New term for John. शब्दः rejected: the precise Mimamsa/grammarian term underlying śabda-brahman (the Veda’s eternal, uncreated sound-form). वाच्/वाणी rejected: the hypostasized Rigvedic goddess-principle of Speech, already rejected in the Romans baseline’s covenant entry for the same reason. वचनम् (Serampore precedent) is a comparatively untheorized common noun on the same root. MANDATORY note at every occurrence in John 1:1-14: this Word is the personal, pre-existent Son, distinct from (‘with God’) yet co-equal with (‘was God’) the Father — not the eternal impersonal Vedic sound-principle nor the goddess Vac.

Only Begotten

Approved rendering: एकजातः
Transliteration: ekajātaḥ
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अद्वितीयः, एकांशः
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology

New term for John. John 1:14,18; 3:16,18. अद्वितीयः explicitly rejected: it is the precise adjective of Advaita’s own foundational uniqueness-formula for Brahman (‘ekam evadvitiyam,’ Chandogya Upanishad 6.2.1) — using it would transpose Brahman’s non-dual uniqueness onto Christ’s relational Sonship. एकांशः rejected as avatara-portion language. Always paired with परमेश्वरस्य पुत्रः.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: अनन्तजीवनम्
Transliteration: ananta-jīvanam
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षः, मुक्तिः, निर्वाणम्, अमृतत्वम्
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation

New term for John. John’s dominant soteriological category (3:15-16,36; 4:14; 5:24; 6:27,40,47,54,68; 10:28; 12:25,50; 17:2-3), functionally equivalent to Romans’ salvation. Never मोक्षः/मुक्तिः/निर्वाणम् (already forbidden by baseline). ADDITIONALLY AND NEWLY FORBIDDEN for this curriculum: अमृतत्वम् (‘deathlessness/immortality’), the precise Upanishadic term for the state attained through Self-knowledge (Katha Upanishad 6.14-15; Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4.14) — a Self-achieved cognitive attainment, the inverse of a relationally-given gift. John 17:3 itself defines eternal life relationally (‘that they know you’), not cognitively.

New Birth

Approved rendering: ऊर्ध्वात् जन्म
Transliteration: ūrdhvāt janma
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, द्वितीयजन्म, आत्मजन्म
Original: γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν / ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος
Category: Salvation

New term for John; the single highest-risk phrase in the entire curriculum. John 3:3,5,7-8. पुनर्जन्म absolutely forbidden: the baseline’s own forbidden term for Sankhya-Yoga/Vedanta transmigration (karmasaya/vasana; linga-sarira), and this collides even more directly than resurrection does, being itself birth-language. द्वितीयजन्म rejected: it reproduces exactly Nicodemus’s own corrected misunderstanding (3:4). आत्मजन्म rejected: risks being parsed as ‘birth of one’s own self’ (atman), reintroducing the atman-collision from a new angle. ऊर्ध्वात् जन्म resolves anōthen’s double sense toward the spatial/source meaning John’s own narrative (vv.5-8,13) confirms. MANDATORY note: single, non-repeatable, Spirit-given re-creation, never cyclical re-embodiment.

Born Of Spirit Is Spirit

Approved rendering: यत् आत्मनः जायते तत् आत्मिकं भवति
Transliteration: yat ātmanaḥ jāyate tat ātmikaṃ bhavati
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: यत् आत्मनः जायते तत् आत्मा (bare predicate noun)

New fixed clause for John 3:6b. The single highest-stakes clause in the whole curriculum: a literal ‘that which is born of the Spirit IS spirit’ invites an Advaita-trained reader to hear an equation of the reborn human’s nature with the divine Spirit itself, structurally identical to the mahavakya ‘ayam atma brahma’ (Mandukya Upanishad 1.2). MANDATORY: never render with a bare predicate noun आत्मा; use the adjective आत्मिकम् (‘of-the-Spirit’s-kind,’ the same strategy already used for spiritual_gifts). The believer is given a Spirit-derived nature by another, not realizing a pre-existing identity with the Absolute.

Wind Spirit Wordplay

Approved rendering: वायुः (wind) / पवित्र आत्मा (Spirit)
Transliteration: vāyuḥ / pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा for the meteorological wind sense
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα (wind/Spirit double sense)
Category: Pneumatology

New term for John 3:8. Greek pneuma spans both ‘wind’ and ‘Spirit’ in one word; Sanskrit वायुः and पवित्र आत्मा are lexically unrelated, so this wordplay cannot be reproduced and must be explained in a translator note, never forced into one term. Never use आत्मा for the wind sense, which would compound rather than solve the atman-collision risk.

Descended From Heaven

Approved rendering: स्वर्गात् आगतः
Transliteration: svargāt āgataḥ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतीर्णः, अवतरति, अवतरणम्
Original: καταβαίνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
Category: Christology

New term for John. John 3:13 and six times in ch.6 (vv.33,38,41,42,50,51,58). The ordinary Sanskrit descent verb (avatarati, from ava+tṝ) is the direct verbal root from which avataraḥ itself is formed; using any form of this root family (not only the noun) would smuggle avatara theology back in. NEVER use any avatarana-family form anywhere in John. Use स्वर्गात् आगतः, with the Bhagavad Gita 4:7-8 distinguishing note restated at each dense cluster, especially John 6.

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: मनुष्यपुत्रः
Transliteration: manuṣyaputraḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुरुषः, पुरुषपुत्रः
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

New term for John. 13x: 1:51; 3:13-14; 5:27; 6:27,53,62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23,34; 13:31. Never पुरुषः/पुरुषपुत्रः: purusha is (a) the Rigveda’s Purusha Sukta (10.90) cosmic Man from whose sacrificed body the universe and four varnas emerge, and (b) Sankhya-Yoga’s passive consciousness-principle paired with prakriti. Neither matches Daniel 7:13’s specific historical-eschatological figure receiving everlasting dominion from the Ancient of Days.

Truth

Approved rendering: सत्यम्
Transliteration: satyam
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Christology

New term for John; unavoidable (the same status as dharma/dharmikata in the baseline). Precise term of Taittiriya Upanishad 2.1’s definitional formula for Brahman itself (‘satyam jnanam anantam brahma’). MANDATORY explicit redefinition at every load-bearing occurrence (1:14,17; 4:23-24; 8:32,44-46; 14:6,17; 15:26; 16:13; 17:17,19; 18:37-38): personal self-disclosure in and as Christ, not the impersonal metaphysical Absolute known through neti neti negation or Self-realization.

Works Deeds

Approved rendering: कर्माणि
Transliteration: karmāṇi
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: τὰ ἔργα
Category: Judgment

New term for John; unavoidable, exactly as dharma/dharmikata is unavoidable in the baseline — karman is simultaneously the ordinary word for ‘deed’ and the organizing term of the karma-phala causal system. MANDATORY redefinition at every load-bearing occurrence (esp. 3:19-21; 5:29; 6:28-29; 9:3-4): deeds morally evaluated by a personal God in relation to a person’s response of faith/unbelief to revealed light in Christ, never units of merit/demerit generating impersonal karmaphala across rebirths.

Spirit And Truth

Approved rendering: पवित्रे आत्मनि सत्ये च
Transliteration: pavitre ātmani satye ca
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ
Category: Worship

New term for John 4:23-24. Double-flagged compound: the atman-collision risk (pneuma/atma) and the Brahman-as-Truth collision risk (aletheia/satyam) together in a single genitive phrase. MANDATORY dual note: Spirit-enabled devotion to a real, personal God’s revealed truth in Christ, not (a) meditative self-realization of atman-Brahman identity, nor (b) worship grounded in impersonal metaphysical Truth as an object in itself.

The Way

Approved rendering: मार्गः
Transliteration: mārgaḥ
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Rejected alternatives: पन्थाः
Original: ἡ ὁδός
Category: Salvation

New term for John 14:6. पन्थाः (plainer ‘path/road’) considered but मार्गः retained as the more dignified term matching existing usage. Direct exclusivist tension with the classical doctrine of multiple margas (jnana-marga, bhakti-marga, karma-marga; Bhagavad Gita chs. 9-12), already flagged in the baseline’s faith entry. MANDATORY note: this is THE one and exclusive way (‘no one comes to the Father except through me,’ 14:6b), not one marga among several equally valid ones.

Unity Of Father And Son

Approved rendering: एकम्
Transliteration: ekam
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Rejected alternatives: एकः (masculine), अद्वैतम्
Original: ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν
Category: Christology

New term for John 10:30; 14:9-11; 17:11,21-22. Greek hen is neuter (‘one thing/reality’), not masculine heis (‘one person’) — the grammar itself distinguishes unity of essence/will from identity of person. एकम् (neuter) deliberately chosen. अद्वैतम् explicitly rejected as a RENDERING STRATEGY, not merely a word: Advaita’s non-duality dissolves apparent multiplicity into illusion at Brahman’s level, whereas this unity is relational and personal between eternally distinct persons. MANDATORY note at every occurrence; grammar alone cannot carry this distinction.

My Lord And My God

Approved rendering: मम प्रभुः मम च सर्वेश्वरः
Transliteration: mama prabhuḥ mama ca sarveśvaraḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Original: Ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου
Category: Christology

New fixed phrase for John 20:28, Thomas’s confession — the doctrinal climax of the Gospel. Both baseline terms (prabhuḥ, never ishvaraḥ; sarveshvaraḥ, never devaḥ/ishvaraḥ/brahman/bhagavan) applied directly and personally to Jesus by name. Mandatory human theologian review per the escalation rule for any Deity-of-Christ segment; treat as a fixed cross-document thesis phrase, never paraphrased.

I Am Absolute

Approved rendering: अहम् अस्मि
Transliteration: aham asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι (absolute, unpredicated)
Category: Christology

New fixed phrase for John 8:24,28,58; 13:19; 18:5-6,8, the absolute unpredicated form. No lexical alternative resolves this collision: the phrase is grammatically trivial in Sanskrit and stands in exact grammatical parallel with Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.10’s mahavakya ‘aham brahmasmi’ (‘I am Brahman’), asserting an opposite theological claim — a unique, unrepeatable divine self-identification (continuous with YHWH’s Exodus 3:14 self-naming), not a repeatable realization available to any self (confirmed by the crowd’s violent reactions, 8:59; 18:6). Strategy is annotation-only; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.

Equal To God

Approved rendering: सर्वेश्वरतुल्यः
Transliteration: sarveśvaratulyaḥ
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Original: ἴσος τῷ θεῷ
Category: Christology

New term for John 5:18 (‘making himself equal with God’). समः सर्वेश्वरेण is an acceptable grammatical variant of the same claim. Must preserve, not soften, full ontological equality of nature — the Jewish leaders’ hostile but theologically correct perception of Jesus’s claim — directly supporting Deity of Christ and Unity of Father and Son.

True Vine

Approved rendering: सत्या द्राक्षालता
Transliteration: satyā drākṣālatā
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή
Category: Salvation

New term for John 15:1,5, the seventh ‘I am’ statement. द्राक्षालता (grapevine) is lexically plain and low risk in isolation, but the qualifier ‘true’ (alethine) touches the Truth-family Critical risk (see truth entry); the exclusivity of ‘the TRUE vine’ must not be softened.

Door

Approved rendering: द्वारम्
Transliteration: dvāram
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἡ θύρα
Category: Salvation

New term for John 10:7,9, the third ‘I am’ statement. द्वारम् is lexically low-medium risk in isolation, but the surrounding exclusivity claim (‘I am THE door,’ no other) elevates overall risk to Critical, consistent with the treatment of all seven ‘I am’ predicates.

Bread Of Life

Approved rendering: जीवनस्य अन्नम्
Transliteration: jīvanasya annam
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation

New term for John 6:35,48,51, the first ‘I am’ statement. Combines with eternal_life (Critical) and the surrounding manna-contrast and descended_from_heaven language of ch.6, making the compound Critical overall despite अन्नम् being plain in isolation.

I Am Bread Of Life

Approved rendering: अहम् जीवनस्य अन्नम् अस्मि
Transliteration: aham jīvanasya annam asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 6:35,48,51 (first ‘I am’ statement). Must use the standing aham/asmi copula construction consistently and preserve the predicate’s exclusivity (‘the,’ not ‘a’); carries the general ‘I am’ governing risk note (see i_am_absolute) plus bread_of_life’s own compound risk.

I Am Light Of World

Approved rendering: अहम् जगतः प्रकाशः अस्मि
Transliteration: aham jagataḥ prakāśaḥ asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 8:12; 9:5 (second ‘I am’ statement). Combines world_kosmos’s jagat/mithya caution with light’s residual Advaita svayam-prakasha caution; both notes apply jointly wherever this fixed phrase occurs.

I Am Door

Approved rendering: अहम् द्वारम् अस्मि
Transliteration: aham dvāram asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 10:7,9 (third ‘I am’ statement). See door entry and general ‘I am’ governing note.

I Am Good Shepherd

Approved rendering: अहम् सत्पालकः अस्मि
Transliteration: aham satpālakaḥ asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 10:11,14 (fourth ‘I am’ statement). See good_shepherd entry (Govinda/Gopala caution) and general ‘I am’ governing note.

I Am Resurrection Life

Approved rendering: अहम् पुनरुत्थानम् जीवनं च अस्मि
Transliteration: aham punarutthānam jīvanaṃ ca asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 11:25 (fifth ‘I am’ statement). Combines resurrection’s baseline Critical status (never punarjanma) with eternal_life’s own forbidden-list, both fully live simultaneously; also anticipates and is theologically continuous with Christ’s own bodily resurrection (chs.20-21).

I Am Way Truth Life

Approved rendering: अहम् मार्गः सत्यं जीवनं च अस्मि
Transliteration: aham mārgaḥ satyaṃ jīvanaṃ ca asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 14:6 (sixth ‘I am’ statement) — the single highest concentration of doctrinal risk in the entire curriculum, compounding three simultaneously Critical terms (the_way/marga’s exclusivist tension with jnana-/bhakti-/karma-marga; truth/satyam’s Brahman-as-Truth risk; eternal_life’s soteriological forbidden-list). MANDATORY: the most extensive translator note in the whole curriculum is required here, explicitly qualifying all three terms as exclusive and personal, not as one path/truth/life among several equally valid options.

I Am True Vine

Approved rendering: अहम् सत्या द्राक्षालता अस्मि
Transliteration: aham satyā drākṣālatā asmi
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements

Fixed cross-document rendering for John 15:1,5 (seventh ‘I am’ statement). See true_vine entry and general ‘I am’ governing note.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: सुसमाचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraḥ
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: शुभवार्ता
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. John’s Gospel never uses the noun euangelion, but the whole book functions as this proclamation, self-described explicitly in John 20:31. No John-specific change to reasoning.

Grace

Approved rendering: अनुग्रहः
Transliteration: anugrahaḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, प्रसादः, पुण्यम्
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. John 1:14,16-17 (‘grace upon grace’; ‘the law was given through Moses, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ’) pairs grace with a law/grace contrast structurally parallel to Romans, now compounded with truth’s own Critical risk in the same clause (see truth entry).

Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वासः
Transliteration: viśvāsaḥ
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्तिः
Original: πιστεύω (verb; πίστις essentially absent)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. John uses only the verb (root √विश्वस्, ~98 occurrences), never the noun pistis the baseline entry was built around. Translators must supply consistent verbal forms (विश्वसिति, विश्वस्तवान्) rather than an awkward nominalization; the same guṇa-theory and bhakti-mārga cautions apply unchanged.

Holy

Approved rendering: पवित्रम्
Transliteration: pavitram
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धम्
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. John 17:11 uniquely addresses God as ‘Holy Father’ (pater hagie); must retain moral/relational set-apartness, not the Vedic ritual-instrument sense (kuśa-grass soma-strainer).

Sanctification

Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरणम्
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिः
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. John 17:17,19 adds a reflexive nuance absent from Romans: Christ sanctifies himself ‘for their sake’ — a self-consecration for others’ benefit, not the believer’s own self-directed improvement or Vedic ritual śuddhi. Flag this reflexive use for translator attention.

Adoption

Approved rendering: पुत्रत्वेन स्वीकरणम्
Transliteration: putratvena svīkaraṇam
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: दत्तकग्रहणम्
Original: υἱοθεσία (baseline Pauline term; not used in John)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package for cross-document consistency ONLY. This Pauline legal-adoption term (huiothesia) does not occur anywhere in John’s Gospel; John uses instead the simpler kinship term tekna theou, rendered separately (see children_of_god_tekna). Do not substitute this compound for John’s own ‘children of God’ language.

Law

Approved rendering: विधिः
Transliteration: vidhiḥ
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्मः, धर्मशास्त्रम्
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. John 1:17 explicitly contrasts the Law given through Moses with grace and truth that came through Christ, structurally parallel to Romans’ law/grace argument but here compounded with truth’s own Critical risk (see grace_and_truth cross-reference).

Sin

Approved rendering: पापम्
Transliteration: pāpam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मः
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. John 9:2-3 (the disciples asking whose sin caused a man’s blindness) is a special John-specific case: Jesus’s correcting answer (‘neither… but that the works of God might be displayed’) must not be rendered in a way that endorses a karma-phala act-consequence reading before the correction is reached.

Glory

Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेजस्
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. John 17:5’s claim to glory possessed ‘before the world existed’ requires unambiguous chronological priority in translation (जगतः पूर्वम् / जगदुत्पत्तेः पूर्वम्), not merely honorific language.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सामर्थ्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya sāmarthyam
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्तिः
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ / ἐξουσία
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. John prefers sēmeion (‘sign,’ चिह्नम्) language over dynamis; apply सामर्थ्यम् only where explicit capability/authority is in view (e.g. 10:18, Christ’s authority to lay down and take up his life again). Never शक्तिः.

Election

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य वरणम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya varaṇam
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. John 15:16,19 (‘I chose you… I chose you out of the world’). Not भाग्यम्/दैवम् (impersonal fortune/fate); Christ’s personal, purposive choosing.

Providence

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य विधानम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya vidhānam
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यम्, दैवम्, कर्मफलम्
Original: (thematic; cf. 5:17, 9:3-4)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. John 5:17 (‘My Father is working still, and I am working’) and 9:3-4 both directly engage act-consequence reasoning structurally close to karma-phala; must relocate meaning toward a personal God’s purposive action, never भाग्यम्/दैवम्/कर्मफलम्.

Lifted Up

Approved rendering: ऊर्ध्वीकरणम् / उत्थापनम्
Transliteration: ūrdhvīkaraṇam / utthāpanam
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ὑψωθῆναι / ὑψόω
Category: Christology

New term for John 3:14; 8:28; 12:32-34. No single Sanskrit verb carries hypsoō’s deliberate double sense (physically raised on the cross AND exalted in glory). Retain both compounds side by side with a mandatory note explaining the double meaning; do not resolve toward only one sense in either direction.

World Kosmos

Approved rendering: जगत्
Transliteration: jagat
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Rejected alternatives: लोकः
Original: ὁ κόσμος
Category: God

New term for John; elevated to Critical at 3:16-17 and 17:3-24 specifically. लोकः rejected as primary rendering: it suggests one realm among many (triloka cosmology) rather than kosmos’s totalizing scope. जगत् retained despite risk for its comprehensive reach, but every load-bearing occurrence requires a note: this is the real, God-created, valuable (if fallen) world God actually loves and gave His Son for — not the illusory (mithya) phenomenal appearance of Advaita’s formula ‘brahma satyam jagat mithya.‘

Love Agape

Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Rejected alternatives: स्नेहः, दया
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: God

New term for John. John 3:16; 13:34-35; 15:9-13; 17:23-26. स्नेहः (affection) and दया (compassion) both under-translate agape’s deliberate, sacrificial, world-directed sense. प्रेम is best-attested but is also the fully theorized culminating category of Gaudiya Vaishnava bhakti theology (Caitanya Caritamrta’s rati-bhava-prema progression), an ascending, devotee-cultivated love toward a chosen deity. MANDATORY note: God’s प्रेम here is unilateral, initiating, and unmerited (paralleling अनुग्रहः), moving toward an unworthy world — the opposite direction from bhakti’s ascending attainment.

Light

Approved rendering: प्रकाशः
Transliteration: prakāśaḥ
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिः
Original: τὸ φῶς
Category: Judgment

New term for John. 1:4-9; 3:19-21; 8:12; 9:5; 12:35-36,46 (also the second ‘I am’ predicate, see i_am_light_of_world). ज्योतिः rejected: strong jyotisha (Vedanga astrology/astronomy) associations misdirect toward calendrical/omen meaning. प्रकाशः retained despite carrying some residual Advaita svayam-prakasha (‘self-luminosity of atman/Brahman’) weight; note required that Christ as light is a distinct, personal, revealing presence, not the impersonal self-luminous ground of consciousness.

Darkness

Approved rendering: अन्धकारः
Transliteration: andhakāraḥ
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: तमस्
Original: τὸ σκότος
Category: Judgment

New term for John. 1:4-9; 3:19-21; 8:12; 12:35,46. तमस् absolutely rejected: it is one of the three gunas (sattva-rajas-tamas) of Sankhya cosmology, already implicated in the baseline’s shraddha-guna discussion; using it would frame moral evil as a metaphysical constituent-quality of prakriti rather than culpable personal rejection of revealed light.

Judgment Krisis

Approved rendering: विचारः
Transliteration: vicāraḥ
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: न्यायः, दण्डाज्ञा
Original: κρίσις / κρίνω
Category: Judgment

New term for John. 3:17-19; 5:22,24,27,29,30; 7:24; 8:15-16; 9:39; 12:31,47-48; 16:8,11. न्यायः already forbidden by baseline (proper name of the Nyaya darshana). दण्डाज्ञा too narrow, capturing only condemnation and missing the positive ‘resurrection of life’ outcome. विचारः, itself the central Vedantic method-word for reasoned self-inquiry (tattva-vicara), judged least encumbered; MANDATORY note distinguishing God’s forensic verdict on response to revealed light from Vedantic guided self-inquiry into Brahman.

Worship Proskyneo

Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Rejected alternatives: पूजा, भजनम्
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship

New term for John. 4:20-24; 9:38; 12:20. पूजा rejected: the specific technical term for Hindu ritual image-worship (invocation, bathing, adorning, offering to a consecrated murti, with substance returned as prasada), a specific ritual structure John 4:21-24 relativizes. भजनम् rejected: a specific bhakti devotional-song practice.

Paraclete Counselor

Approved rendering: सहायकः
Transliteration: sahāyakaḥ
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Rejected alternatives: अधिवक्ता, समाश्वासकः
Original: ὁ παράκλητος
Category: Pneumatology

New term for John. 14:16,26; 15:26; 16:7-15. अधिवक्ता rejected as too narrowly courtroom-only. समाश्वासकः rejected as under-translating the fuller advocate/teacher/witness role. सहायकः chosen as least philosophically-encumbered, on the same logic the baseline used to select विश्वासः for faith. MANDATORY: every occurrence must carry or reference the baseline’s Holy Spirit personhood note.

Good Shepherd

Approved rendering: सत्पालकः / उत्तमः पालकः
Transliteration: satpālakaḥ / uttamaḥ pālakaḥ
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Rejected alternatives: गोपालः, गोपः
Original: ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός
Category: Christology

New term for John 10:1-18 (fourth ‘I am’ statement); derivatively at 21:15-17 (Peter’s commissioning). गोपालः/गोपः explicitly rejected: Krishna’s own iconic titles as the divine cowherd of Vraja (Bhagavata Purana Book 10; Gita Govinda), an extensively theorized devotional identity. सत्पालकः/उत्तमः पालकः (from pal, ‘protect/tend’) avoids this collision, rooted instead in Ezekiel 34/Psalm 23’s covenantal shepherd-king imagery and Christ’s unique substitutionary self-sacrifice ‘for the sheep’ (10:11).

Children Of God Tekna

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य सन्तानाः
Transliteration: parameśvarasya santānāḥ
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Salvation

New term for John 1:12-13; 11:52. Distinct from the baseline’s forensic-legal adoption term (putratvena svikaranam, rendering Paul’s huiothesia); John’s tekna is simpler birth/kinship vocabulary (‘born… of God’). Do not interchange the two compounds; they render different Greek terms with different legal/relational nuance.

Lamb Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य मेषशावकः
Transliteration: parameśvarasya meṣaśāvakaḥ
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

New term for John 1:29,36. Guard against assimilation to Vedic pashu-yajna (repeatable ritual animal-sacrifice within the shrauta system). MANDATORY note: a unique, once-for-all, substitutionary removal of sin’s guilt by a willing, divine victim, not a repeatable ritual sacrificial performance.

It Is Finished

Approved rendering: निष्पन्नम् / समाप्तम्
Transliteration: niṣpannam / samāptam
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: τετέλεσται
Category: Christology

New term for John 19:30. Perfect-tense sense of a task fully and finally accomplished (commercial/legal ‘debt paid’ register in the Greek tetelestai). Distinguish from the completion of a single, repeatable yajna performance; this is a once-for-all, unrepeatable completion of the atoning work itself.

Flesh Sarx

Approved rendering: शरीरम् / देहः
Transliteration: śarīram / dehaḥ
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मांसम्
Original: σάρξ
Category: Christology

New term for John. मांसम् (literal meat) rejected as too crude for the theological sense. Distinguish three uses: John 1:14 (the Word’s incarnation — use dehadharanam for the event itself); John 3:6 (natural human nature, contrasted with Spirit-birth); John 6:51-58 (symbolic-sacramental ‘eating my flesh,’ flag against prasada assimilation per the baseline’s grace entry).

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य कोपः
Transliteration: parameśvarasya kopaḥ
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment

New term for John 3:36, the negative counterpart to eternal life for unbelief, within the core passage. Must be qualified as God’s righteous, personal, moral response to sin and unbelief — never an impersonal cosmic disequilibrium (paralleling the baseline’s providence-entry caution against karmaphala/daiva readings) nor a transient emotional loss of equanimity sometimes attributed to devas in Puranic narrative.

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: प्रेषितः
Transliteration: preṣitaḥ
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः, ऋषिः
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. John’s only occurrence (13:16, ‘nor is he who is sent greater than he who sent him’) is generic — a statement about sent messengers and masters, not the technical apostolic office of Romans 1:1. Do not import the fuller office-connotation here.

Peace

Approved rendering: शान्तिः
Transliteration: śāntiḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: निर्वृत्तिः
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. John 14:27; 16:33; 20:19,21,26 — Christ’s own resurrection-greeting peace. Guard against the yogic citta-vṛtti-nirodha (Yoga Sutra 1.2) reading as private psychological attainment rather than a gift given by the risen, victorious Christ (‘I have overcome the world,’ 16:33).

Church

Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिरम्, मठः
Original: ἐκκλησία (not used in John)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package for cross-document consistency; the noun ekklesia never occurs in John’s own Gospel text. Important John-specific caution: मन्दिरम् correctly refers in John 2:19-21 to the literal Jerusalem Temple (and typologically, Christ’s body) — a distinct referent from मण्डली, which must never denote a building. Keep these two compounds’ referents clearly separated.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरस्य राज्यम्
Transliteration: parameśvarasya rājyam
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. John 3:3,5 (the sphere entered only by new birth) and 18:36 (Christ’s own kingdom-language before Pilate, ‘my kingdom is not of this world’). Apply the world_kosmos caution when rendering ‘of this world.‘

Intercession

Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἐρωτάω (of Jesus’s prayer for others)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. The entire High Priestly Prayer (John 17) is Christ’s own intercession for his disciples and future believers, resting on his standing as Son, not on ritual correctness (contrast Vedic homa/āhvāna).

Mission

Approved rendering: सुसमाचारप्रचारः
Transliteration: susamācāraprachāraḥ
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστέλλω / πέμπω
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. John 17:18; 20:21 (‘as the Father sent me, I also send you’). Reuse the प्रेष्-root established for apostle throughout for thematic coherence with John’s sending-Christology.

Israel

Approved rendering: इस्राएलः
Transliteration: isrāelaḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. John 1:31,47,49; 3:10; 12:13. Proper name, transliterated.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: अन्यजातीयाः
Transliteration: anyajātīyāḥ
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: म्लेच्छाः
Original: ἔθνος (sing., ‘nation,’ not the Pauline Jew/Gentile ἔθνη plural distinction)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, WITH A JOHN-SPECIFIC CAUTION: John’s only occurrence (11:48-52, ‘lest the whole nation perish’) uses ethnos in the singular ‘nation’ sense, not Paul’s Jew/Gentile ethnic-distinction category. Do not import Romans’ Jew/Gentile unity doctrine onto John 11:48-52; reuse this rendering only where the Pauline sense is genuinely required elsewhere in curriculum materials.

Testimony Witness

Approved rendering: साक्ष्यम् / साक्षी
Transliteration: sākṣyam / sākṣī
Doctrine: Testimony/Witness to Christ
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Christology

New term for John. 1:7-8,15,19,32,34; 3:11,26-33; 5:31-39; 8:13-18; 15:26-27; 19:35; 21:24. साक्षिन् is also the Sankhya-Yoga technical term for purusha as passive ‘witness-consciousness’ observing prakriti. Keep साक्ष्यम् anchored to concrete verbal/eyewitness testimony throughout, not the passive metaphysical witness-self.

Ruler Of This World

Approved rendering: अस्य जगतः अधिपतिः
Transliteration: asya jagataḥ adhipatiḥ
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου
Category: Judgment

New term for John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11. Must be explicitly identified as Satan — a personal, defeated, temporary usurper — never an impersonal cosmic principle akin to Maya’s operation or Prakriti’s inherent bondage-tendency in Sankhya-Yoga.

Rabbi Teacher

Approved rendering: आचार्यः / रब्बी
Transliteration: ācāryaḥ / rabbī
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरुः
Original: Ῥαββί / διδάσκαλος
Category: Church

New term for John. 1:38,49; 3:2,26; 6:25; 9:2; 11:8; 20:16. गुरुः rejected for the same reason it is rejected in the baseline’s apostle entry — the guru-shishya-parampara lineage-transmission system and near-devotional reverence sometimes accorded a guru (‘gururbrahma gururvishnuh…’), overstating speakers’ still-developing view of Jesus at the point of address. आचार्यः preferred, or transliterate रब्बी for the specific Jewish title.

Passover

Approved rendering: निस्तारपर्व / फास्खा
Transliteration: nistārparva / phāskhā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: τὸ πάσχα
Category: Covenant

New term for John. 2:13,23; 6:4; 11:55; 12:1; 13:1; 18:28,39; 19:14. Establishes the typological frame connecting Christ’s death to Exodus 12’s Passover-lamb regulations (cf. 19:36). Recommend transliteration phaskha with descriptive gloss nistarparva at first occurrence; requires explicit Exodus 12 background explanation, since no analogous festival-typology concept exists natively in classical Sanskrit religious literature.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: धन्यवादः
Transliteration: dhanyavādaḥ
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. John 6:11,23; 11:41, standard pre-miracle usage. No significant doctrinal risk beyond the baseline’s minor over-ritualization caution.

Prophet

Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ऋषिः
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. John 1:21,25; 4:19,44; 6:14; 7:40,52; 9:17. Never ऋषिः, per baseline reasoning.

Exhort

Approved rendering: उत्तेजनम्
Transliteration: uttejanam
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω (root shared with παράκλητος)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. John 14:1,27 (comfort/exhortation register: ‘let not your hearts be troubled’). Note the etymological link (parakaleō) to paraklētos (‘Paraclete,’ see paraclete_counselor) — Christ’s comfort here anticipates the Counselor’s ongoing ministry.

Library content is free and openly licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — share and adapt it for non-commercial use, with attribution to tri-bible.ai.