Semantic Analysis

Several Ukrainian terms in this Language Package carry a different semantic range or theological loading than their English source word, which affects how consistently they can be used across contexts.

Narrower-than-English terms

• святі (saints): English “saints” can informally mean “especially holy people,” but святі in ordinary Ukrainian usage narrows further still, to a formally canonized, venerated minority honored with icons and feast days across both Orthodox and Greek Catholic tradition. Romans 1:7’s address to “all God’s beloved… called to be saints” must be rendered so it is unmistakably corporate and inclusive of every believer.
• клопотання (intercession): must be kept distinct from заступництво, which is reserved in devotional usage for the intercession of saints and the Mother of God; using the two interchangeably would import a specific devotional practice into Romans 8’s description of Christ’s and the Spirit’s intercessory role.

Broader-than-English terms

• віра (faith): covers both “belief” and “trust,” and additionally functions in everyday Ukrainian as shorthand for confessional identity itself (“яка у нього віра?” = “what is his faith/religion?”), complicated further in Ukraine by the added question of which of several traditions is meant. This is broader than Romans’ sense of personal, Christ-directed trust and requires context to keep the confessional-identity sense from crowding it out.
• церква (church): covers the universal Church, a local congregation, and a physical building, but in current practice inevitably raises the question of jurisdiction (OCU, UOC, or Greek Catholic) — much narrower and more politically loaded than Romans’ sense of the gathered people of God, requiring explicit framing.
• мир (peace): covers relational/spiritual peace, the ordinary sense of “the world” (a homograph), and, with unusual current weight, the political sense of “peace” as the end of the ongoing war — three senses that must be carefully distinguished in Romans 5:1.

Implication

Where a Ukrainian term’s semantic range differs from its English source, the glossary’s notes field (see translation_memory.json) exists specifically to flag the mismatch for translators, so a term isn’t applied mechanically in a context its actual Ukrainian connotations, whether theological or current-political, don’t support.