Grace

CRITICAL: благодать is correct across all three major Ukrainian Christian traditions, but each understands it differently: Orthodox theology (OCU and UOC alike) follows Palamite uncreated-energies theology; Greek Catholic theology, in communion with Rome, has historically leaned toward the Western scholastic category of created, infused grace; Protestant/Evangelical usage (the primary frame for this curriculum) means unmerited favor apart from works. Romans’ ‘apart from works’ contrast (4:4-5, 11:5-6) must be stated explicitly rather than assumed to align automatically with any one of these three frameworks.