Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Transliterated loanword, fully established since the earliest Church Slavonic and Ohienko translations.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Shared, uncontested term across Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant usage; risk is mainly that the office is associated with closed, historically fixed hagiography rather than seen as relevant to Paul's own contested claim to authority in his own lifetime.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called must be kept distinct from доля/фатум (fate/doom), a strong current in Ukrainian folk and literary fatalism intensified by wartime discourse, and introduced carefully given that Reformed predestination categories have no developed parallel in Orthodox or Greek Catholic soteriology.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  God's sovereign personal choice.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  погани is the Ohienko translation's term but in modern Ukrainian its primary everyday meaning has shifted to 'bad/wicked people' (a false-friend homograph with the older 'pagans/heathens' sense), a much sharper drift than the Russian cognate's milder 'pagan' association.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  CRITICAL: three living traditions hold three distinct theological accounts of grace (Orthodox uncreated energies, Greek Catholic Western-influenced created/infused grace, Protestant unmerited forensic favor).

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: благодать is correct across all three major Ukrainian Christian traditions, but each understands it differently: Orthodox theology (OCU and UOC alike) follows Palamite uncreated-energies theology; Greek Catholic theology, in communion with Rome, has historically leaned toward the Western scholastic category of created, infused grace; Protestant/Evangelical usage (the primary frame for this curriculum) means unmerited favor apart from works.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Standard proper name; note the modern nation-state of Israel shares the identical Ukrainian name, so context should clarify when the biblical people/covenant referent, not the contemporary state, is meant.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: виправдання is the Ohienko translation's own term and must be used in this exact Ukrainian spelling rather than the Russian-cognate оправдання, which would read as a Russicism in a curriculum meant to serve Ukrainian-identifying readers.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care must be distinguished from доля/випадок (fate/chance), especially salient given widespread public reflection on survival and chance in wartime Ukraine, and from карма, a foreign New-Age loanword that must never be used for Romans 8:28.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  провидіння Боже is the established theological term shared across traditions.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  праведність is correct and established in the Ohienko translation.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Must be anchored to Christ's decisive death and resurrection (Romans 10:9-10) rather than defaulting unqualified into any one tradition's fuller theological system.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: спасіння is the only viable and well-established term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Given the historical weight of antisemitic violence on Ukrainian soil (including pogroms and the Holocaust, notably at Babyn Yar), Romans 9-11's argument for Jewish-Gentile unity and God's ongoing faithfulness to Israel needs careful, unambiguous translation, especially since 'gentiles' (погани) has drifted toward a derogatory everyday sense (see translation_memory.json) that could inadvertently color this passage.

  ROM.11.17-24