Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Transliterated loanword, fully established since the earliest Church Slavonic and Ohienko translations.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Shared, uncontested term across Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant usage; risk is mainly that the office is associated with closed, historically fixed hagiography rather than seen as relevant to Paul's own contested claim to authority in his own lifetime.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form; покликання also carries the modern secular sense of 'vocation' (finding one's calling in life/career), which is a helpful bridge concept for readers but must be anchored explicitly to God's initiative in Romans rather than left as generic self-actualization language.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ; avoid колектив, the Soviet-era term for a work/social collective, which many Ukrainians actively associate with a rejected imposed past.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  завіт is the deeply established term (it names the two Testaments themselves: Старий/Новий Завіт).

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Ohienko translation standard proper name form.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires OT narrative background explanation for readers whose primary Bible exposure has been liturgical excerpts (Psalter, Gospel/Epistle lectionary readings) rather than continuous OT narrative reading, a pattern common across the region's liturgical traditions.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  Shared, settled Nicene-creed confession across Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant traditions alike; risk is precision of expression, not defense against a rival theological framework.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's personal, relational call must be distinguished from доля/фатум (fate), strong currents in Ukrainian folk fatalism intensified by wartime discourse about survival and chance, and from the secular modern sense of покликання as career vocation, which should be treated as a helpful bridge concept rather than a full equivalent.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use благати/просити (entreaty) for beseeching; закликати/підбадьорювати (encourage, build up) for edification contexts.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  In everyday Ukrainian usage 'having faith' (віра) often functions as shorthand for confessional identity (OCU, UOC, Greek Catholic, Protestant) rather than personal trust in Christ specifically; Romans' individual, Christ-directed sense must be made explicit.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  віра is standard and unambiguous, but as in other historically state-church contexts, 'faith' can default to confessional/institutional identity (яка у нього віра?

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  спілкування conveys shared communion/participation well.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment (OT to NT) is not in tension with any competing native cosmology; main risk is treating OT prophecy as generic religious literature rather than a specific, historically anchored promise.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  слава is standard, but is also the first word of the widely used national and patriotic greeting 'Слава Україні' ('Glory to Ukraine'), especially prominent since 2014 and further since 2022.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Бог is the standard, universally recognized term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions and secular usage alike; no competing polytheistic default sense exists.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Євангеліє is established across all Ukrainian Christian traditions; the wartime religious revival since 2014/2022 means the term may carry more felt devotional weight for many readers than the flattened, book-title-only reading common in more secularized contexts, an asset this curriculum can build on rather than fight.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Established term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions (Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant) and the Ohienko translation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Well-supported by shared Orthodox and Greek Catholic Christology; real physical human nature is uncontroversial doctrinal common ground here.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  Lower risk than in non-creedal-heritage languages: shared icon theology across Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions gives incarnation strong cultural rooting.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  втілення is the settled and doctrinally precise term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions; icon theology (shared by both Orthodox and Greek Catholic communities) gives incarnation strong cultural rooting, since icons are doctrinally justified by God having taken a visible human body.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Both Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions hold Scripture as authoritative within Holy Tradition (Передання) — councils, patristic interpretation, and liturgy jointly with the biblical text — rather than a stand-alone final authority.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  Ісус (single і) is the standard modern Ukrainian spelling across the Ohienko translation and all major traditions — distinct from the Russian double-vowel Иисус.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: виправдання is the Ohienko translation's own term and must be used in this exact Ukrainian spelling rather than the Russian-cognate оправдання, which would read as a Russicism in a curriculum meant to serve Ukrainian-identifying readers.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  закон is the standard Ohienko term for the Mosaic Law/Torah and the ordinary word for civil law, helpful for Paul's legal-metaphor argument in Romans 2-7.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  Established Ohienko and liturgical term across all traditions.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  Romans 10:9's confession 'Ісус є Господь' risks sounding like a recited liturgical creed line given Господь's heavy liturgical association, rather than landing as a personal, decisive act of allegiance; surrounding text must restore that personal force.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  Месія is transliterated and used alongside Христос (Christ), which functions as Jesus' effective surname in everyday Ukrainian as in related languages.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  Христос functions as Jesus' effective surname in everyday Ukrainian, and the original 'Anointed One' / promise-fulfillment sense has worn smooth through overuse; the curriculum should explicitly re-surface the title's Jewish messianic-fulfillment meaning.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  місія retains the term directly; благовістя ('good-news-telling') is the native theological description.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  Elevated by the current wartime context: chaplaincy and mission work tied to the military and to displaced and refugee populations is a highly visible, current form of Christian mission in Ukraine today, not only a peacetime cross-cultural-missions category; language should reflect this lived reality.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience that flows from faith, not a separate meritorious religious duty (релігійний обов'язок) or ritual observance (дотримання обрядів) stacked alongside it; must not collapse into a praxis-only reading of the Christian life common to both majority liturgical traditions.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  сила Божа is standard and clear.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  Use сила Божа; avoid енергія, a term with specialized meaning in Orthodox Palamite theology that would import an unrelated technical debate into a plain reading of the verse.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration; distinguish from horoscope/fortune-telling (ворожіння, гороскоп), still a widespread cultural practice in secular media.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  пророк is standard and well understood.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  воскресіння is unambiguous and central to Ukrainian religious and cultural identity (Великдень/Easter, including its distinctive folk customs like pysanky, is the paramount feast across all Ukrainian Christian traditions).

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  Central to Ukrainian religious and cultural identity (Великдень/Easter, with its distinctive folk customs, is the paramount feast across all traditions).

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  праведність is correct and established in the Ohienko translation.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  In ordinary Ukrainian religious usage across both majority traditions, святі refers to a formally canonized, venerated minority, not to living ordinary believers; Romans 1:7's address must be rendered unmistakably corporate and inclusive of every believer.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Must be anchored to Christ's decisive death and resurrection (Romans 10:9-10) rather than defaulting unqualified into any one tradition's fuller theological system.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: спасіння is the only viable and well-established term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; the Ohienko translation's phrasing 'з насіння Давидового' is the recognized Bible-register form.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be read as a call to formal monasticism, a real and historically significant path in both the Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions (including Ukraine's own distinctive monastic heritage centered on the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra).

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  гріх is well established and, unlike in more secularized post-Soviet contexts, retains fuller devotional and moral weight for much of the Ukrainian audience amid the wartime religious revival; the risk here runs the other direction from Russian's flattening risk — care is needed that гріх in wartime moral discourse (e.g.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  Fully settled Nicene-heritage term shared across Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant confessions alike (the Nicene Creed is prayed in the Divine Liturgy of both the OCU/UOC and the Greek Catholic Church).

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  Eternal, unique Sonship is uncontested shared ground across Ukraine's Christian traditions; low risk of doctrinal drift, mainly a matter of clear exposition.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablements must be clearly distinguished from екстрасенсорні здібності (psychic/paranormal abilities), a persistent post-Soviet folk-cultural category across the region.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  духовні дари is standard evangelical Ukrainian usage.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term across all traditions.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term across all traditions.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  Universal guilt before God (Romans 1:18-3:20) must be presented as applying to every reader personally, not narrowed by wartime moral discourse to mean only the conduct of an external aggressor or enemy.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  Must be affirmed alongside, not against, the strong current sense of Ukrainian national and linguistic identity (itself expressed partly through this very Bible translation tradition); the gospel's universality is not in tension with that identity, but should not be presented in a way that appears to erase it either.

  ROM.1.16