Passage

Romans 16

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in the Messiah; low risk once kept distinct from 'kehilah' (church) to avoid conflating the two concepts.

  ROM.16.3-16

• Glossary Term

  Church

  CRITICAL: עדה (edah, 'congregation') is used in the Torah specifically for the assembled community of Israel ('adat Yisrael'); using it, or framing kehilah loosely, risks implying the Church replaces Israel as God's people - a supersessionist reading with a painful history.

  ROM.16.1-16

• Doctrine

  Church as God's People

  CRITICAL: must be taught through Romans 11's grafting-in framework, not as Israel's replacement - a distinction with serious historical weight given supersessionism's entanglement with antisemitism.

  ROM.16.1-16

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  קהילה is reserved for 'church' in this glossary and should not double as 'fellowship' to avoid conflating the two distinct NT concepts.

  ROM.16.3-16

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Risks being heard as continued mitzvot-observance rather than a transformed life flowing from faith, without requiring Torah's ceremonial boundary-markers for Gentile believers specifically.

  ROM.16.26

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Risk of being heard as 'faithfully observing the commandments' (mitzvot-observance as what faith produces or requires), rather than Paul's point that faith issues in a transformed, obedient life without requiring the ceremonial boundary-markers of Torah (circumcision, food laws) for Gentile believers specifically.

  ROM.16.26

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Strong positive overlap with Jewish liturgy (the Hallel psalms).

  ROM.16.4

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Strong positive overlap with Jewish liturgy (the Hallel psalms' 'Hodu LaShem ki tov').

  ROM.16.4