Covenant

Unlike most target languages, this concept is not absent but extremely present and specific (Brit Milah, the Sinai covenant) - so tightly bound to Torah-observance and circumcision in Jewish self-understanding that ‘new covenant’ (ברית חדשה, itself Jeremiah 31:31’s own phrase) extended to uncircumcised Gentiles apart from Torah observance is a live point of difficulty, not a foreign concept needing basic introduction.