Adoption

Standard modern legal-adoption word, no direct doctrinal collision, but Israel’s sonship in Jewish self-understanding is by birth-covenant (Deuteronomy 14:1), not adoption - risk that Gentile ‘adoption’ language reads as either redundant for Jewish believers or, if mishandled, as implying Israel’s natural sonship has been superseded. Romans 8’s full-inheritance sense must be taught alongside, not instead of, the covenant framework of chapters 9-11.