Passage

Romans 5

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Jewish emunah is generally praxis-oriented (faithfulness expressed through mitzvot); must be anchored as personal trust in Messiah specifically, not implicitly bundled with continued Torah observance as its necessary expression.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Emunah (root א-מ-ן, same as 'amen') is generally understood in Jewish usage as faithfulness demonstrated through observance of mitzvot - praxis-oriented, not primarily propositional.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Chesed is a genuine positive OT resource (Exodus 34:6) but does not, in ordinary Jewish usage, exclude covenant obligation; must be sharpened to convey favor given wholly apart from Torah-observance.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  חן (chen) has drifted in Modern Hebrew toward 'charm/cuteness' (a person or object can 'have chen'), too thin for Paul's weighty unmerited favor.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  The least contested Christological doctrine in Jewish dialogue - Jesus's ordinary humanity has never been disputed by Jewish tradition.

  ROM.5.15

• Glossary Term

  Peace

  Rich existing OT resource (wholeness, right-relationship) that maps well onto Romans 5:1 in principle.

  ROM.5.1

• Doctrine

  Peace with God

  Shalom is a strong positive resource but so common as an everyday greeting that its theological weight here can be diluted by familiarity.

  ROM.5.1