Passage

Romans 6

• Doctrine

  Christian Identity in Christ

  Especially live for Messianic Jewish readers balancing ongoing Jewish ethnic and covenantal identity with new identity in the Messiah; must not be taught as requiring the abandonment of the former for the latter.

  ROM.6.1-11

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Chesed is a genuine positive OT resource (Exodus 34:6) but does not, in ordinary Jewish usage, exclude covenant obligation; must be sharpened to convey favor given wholly apart from Torah-observance.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  חן (chen) has drifted in Modern Hebrew toward 'charm/cuteness' (a person or object can 'have chen'), too thin for Paul's weighty unmerited favor.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Holy

  Deeply shared vocabulary (Kadosh Baruch Hu, 'the Holy One, Blessed be He,' a common Jewish name for God).

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Holy Spirit

  CRITICAL: a genuine, positive Tanakh phrase (God's Spirit inspiring the prophets), but mainstream Rabbinic tradition holds two claims that must both be addressed: the Ruach HaKodesh functions as an impersonal divine influence rather than a distinct Person, and (per the Talmud, Yoma 9b) it 'departed from Israel' with the death of the last prophets.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: unlike other languages, Judaism itself affirms a future general resurrection (one of the 13 Principles of Faith, recited in the Amidah's 'mechayeh hametim' blessing) - so the word is not the problem.

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: Judaism affirms general future resurrection (one of the 13 Principles of Faith), so the concept itself is not foreign.

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Sanctification

  Must not evoke the specific Kiddush wine-blessing ritual; this is the Spirit's ongoing work of moral transformation, not a liturgical ceremony.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Sanctification

  קידוש (Kiddush) is overwhelmingly recognized as the specific Shabbat/holiday wine blessing ritual in everyday Jewish life; using it here would evoke that ceremony rather than the Spirit's ongoing moral transformation.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Judaism has an existing category of separation for service (Kohanim, Levi'im, the Nazirite vow), but it is priestly-class-specific; the NT extends this separation to all believers, a democratizing move that must be taught explicitly.

  ROM.6.22